4.3 DEFENCE OF LUO TERRITORY
All the Locations ( pinje ) of Luoland were occupied by distinct clans ( oganda ) with a leader ( ruoth ) assisted by a council of elders ( jodongo ). The defense of each location was in the hands of clan warriors ( thuondi/jolweny ) armed with spears ( tong' ) and hide shields ( okumba ). These were usually young men led by older clan war leaders ( osumba mirawyi ) as well as a clan peace maker ( ogaye ).
1998.209.43.7
Luo warriors in full war gear
Charles W. Hobley, about 1900
1998.209.43.8
Luo warriors, probably from South Nyanza, in full war gear
Charles W. Hobley, about 1900
1998.206.5.5
Luo warriors from Nyakach in full war gear
Charles W. Hobley, about 1900