Nuer fighting bracelet
Other views of this artifact:
Accession Number:
1936.10.18
Country:
Sudan
Region:
[Southern Sudan]
Cultural Group:
Nuer
Date Made:
By 1936
Materials:
Iron Metal
Process:
Forged (Metal) , Hammered
Dimensions:
L = 80 mm; W = 66.7 mm; th = 2.9 mm [RTS 4/3/2004]
Weight:
15.9 g
Other Owners:
This object was probably collected in 1935 or 1936, when Evans-Pritchard held a research fellowship from the Leverhulme Trust (see E.E. Evans-Pritchard, 1940, The Nuer) [RTS 28/9/2004].
Field Collector:
Edward Evan Evans-Pritchard
PRM Source:
Edward Evan Evans-Pritchard
Acquired:
Donated 1936
Collected Date:
1935 - 1936
Description:
Armlet made from a single piece of iron with a slightly rectangular section bent into a loop, the ends not touching and some 18 mm apart.
Each end has been roughly cut and slightly pinched.
The upper surface has been worked with a chisel to form 34 sharp pointed spikes around its outer edge; each of these has been pulled away from the surface and bent back and slightly down.
The inner surface, which rests against the skin, and the underside are both flat and slightly irregular.
The object is nearly complete, but three spikes are broken off and missing.
There are no signs of poison on the surviving barbs.
The length across the armlet is 80 mm with spikes, and 69 mm without, while the width across it is 66.7 mm with spikes, and 63.4 mm without.
The width of the bar from which the armlet has been made is 3 mm, and its thickness 2.9 mm; it weighs 15.9 grams.
The metal is currently a silvery gray colour (Pantone 422C).
This object was collected by Edward Evan Evans-Pritchard when he held a research fellowship from the Leverhulme Trust (see E.E. Evans-Pritchard, 1940, The Nuer ), either during May to July 1935, when he worked amongst the Nuer Lou and Eastern Jikany, or from October to November 1936, when he was working amongst the Karlual section of the Nuer Leek, in Western Nuerland (pers. comm. Chris Morton 2004).
This object was worn around the wrist by boys when fighting or wrestling (E.E. Evans-Pritchard, 1940, The Nuer, p. 151), but in other groups they could be associated with men (the Lotuko), or women, who used them for both fighting and dance (the Moru) (see C. Spring, 1993, African Arms and Armour, p. 116). Lindblom has suggested that this type of fighting bracelet developed out of metal arm rings, and can be found among a number of African groups, including the Nuer, Dinka, Shilluk, Jibbeh, Bongo, Jur, Acholi, Madi, Latuka, Irenga, Jibbeh [= Murle], Abukaya and Mittu. He illustrates an example similar to this one, said to come from the Mbum, in Cameroon (K.G. Lindblom, 1927, ‘Fighting-bracelets and Kindred Weapons in Africa’, Smärre Meddelanden, p. 7 and fig. 6).
For other Nuer fighting bracelets in the Pitt Rivers collection, see 1931.66.34-35 and 1936.10.13-20.
Evans-Pritchard, writing in 1940, commented on the scarcity of iron amongst the Nuer and the high value consequently placed on objects made from it: 'Nuer have always been poor in iron objects ... Iron bells ... are rare and highly prized even at the present time, and in the old days iron rings and bracelets were important pieces of property' (E.E. Evans-Pritchard, 1940, The Nuer, p. 86).
Currently on display in the Upper Gallery, case 75A, display number 18.
Rachael Sparks 18/9/2005.
This object was collected by Edward Evan Evans-Pritchard when he held a research fellowship from the Leverhulme Trust (see E.E. Evans-Pritchard, 1940, The Nuer ), either during May to July 1935, when he worked amongst the Nuer Lou and Eastern Jikany, or from October to November 1936, when he was working amongst the Karlual section of the Nuer Leek, in Western Nuerland (pers. comm. Chris Morton 2004).
This object was worn around the wrist by boys when fighting or wrestling (E.E. Evans-Pritchard, 1940, The Nuer, p. 151), but in other groups they could be associated with men (the Lotuko), or women, who used them for both fighting and dance (the Moru) (see C. Spring, 1993, African Arms and Armour, p. 116). Lindblom has suggested that this type of fighting bracelet developed out of metal arm rings, and can be found among a number of African groups, including the Nuer, Dinka, Shilluk, Jibbeh, Bongo, Jur, Acholi, Madi, Latuka, Irenga, Jibbeh [= Murle], Abukaya and Mittu. He illustrates an example similar to this one, said to come from the Mbum, in Cameroon (K.G. Lindblom, 1927, ‘Fighting-bracelets and Kindred Weapons in Africa’, Smärre Meddelanden, p. 7 and fig. 6).
For other Nuer fighting bracelets in the Pitt Rivers collection, see 1931.66.34-35 and 1936.10.13-20.
Evans-Pritchard, writing in 1940, commented on the scarcity of iron amongst the Nuer and the high value consequently placed on objects made from it: 'Nuer have always been poor in iron objects ... Iron bells ... are rare and highly prized even at the present time, and in the old days iron rings and bracelets were important pieces of property' (E.E. Evans-Pritchard, 1940, The Nuer, p. 86).
Currently on display in the Upper Gallery, case 75A, display number 18.
Rachael Sparks 18/9/2005.
Primary Documentation:
Accession Book Entry
[p.
410] - 1936 [insert] 10 [end insert] E.
EVANS-PRITCHARD, M.A., Exeter College, Oxford.
- Specimens collected by himself in the EASTERN SUDAN, while travelling with a Grant from the
Rockefeller
Leverhulme Trustees, viz: [insert] 13-20 [end insert] - [One of] 8 Iron armlets, with the outer margins chiselled to form barbs, used in wrestling-fights.
NUER.
Card Catalogue Entry - There is no further information on the tribes catalogue card [RTS 23/7/2004].
Card Catalogue Entry - There is no further information on the tribes catalogue card [RTS 23/7/2004].
