A BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR EDWARD BURNETT TYLOR FROM 1861 TO 1907

COMPILED BY BARBARA W. FREIRE-MARRECO LADY MARGARET HALL, OXFORD

The following abbreviations are employed :

Acad. = Academy.
B. = Bodleian Library Catalogue.
B.M. = British Museum Catalogue.
Brit. Ass. R. = Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science
Fortn. Rev. = Fortnightly Review.
Journ. =Journal.
Journ. Anth. Inst. = Journal of the Anthropological Institute.
Mag. = Magazine.
Pop. Sci. Mo. = Popular Science Monthly.
Proc. Royal Inst. = Proceedings of the Royal Institution.
Quart. Rev. = Quarterly Review.
Rev. = Review.
Trans. = Transactions.
Trans. Ethn. Soc.=Transactions of the Ethnological Society.
Univ. Gaz. = Oxford University Gazette.

[Note that the abbreviations have been retained as they were in Freire-Marreco's original but the titles of books and journals has been italicised, and journal article titles have been placed in inverted commas to make the reading of it easier. It is worth noting that quite often the first word of F-M's bibliography describes the type of paper Tylor had written eg 'Article', 'Lecture']

1861. (1) Anahuac: or Mexico and the Mexicans, Ancient and Modern. London: Longman, Green, Longman, and Roberts. 1861. 8vo. xi + 344. Coloured plates; map; woodcuts. B. [203. a. 318]. B.M. [2374. e. 17].

1862. (2) 'Remarks on Buschmann's 'Researches in North American Philology': 'Review of Buschmann's Spuren der Aztekischen Sprache im Nb'rdlichen' Mexico: 1859, &c. Trans. Ethn. Soc, 2: 130-136. (Distribution of tribes—Relation of Sonora family to Aztqc—Permanence of American languages.)

1863. (3) 'Wild Men and Beast-Children'. Anthropological Rev., 1: 21-32. (Wild children in Germany, India, Poland, &c.; stories of beast-children simultaneous births of animals and children.)

1864. (4) 'Discovery of a Celtic Kitchen-Refuse-Heap at Normanby in Cleveland'. (Anon.) Gentleman's Mag., 16: 162-167.

1865. (5)  Researches into the Early History of Mankind and the Development of Civilization. London: Murray. 1865. 8vo. vi + 378. B. [233. i. 6]. B.M. [2378. d. 13]. Second edition : London. 1870. See (26). Third edition, revised: London. 1878. (94). American edition : New York. 1878. (95). German translation Leipzig. 1866. (7). 

(6) 'On the Negro-European Dialects of Surinam and Curacao'. British Association, Birmingham, 1865; Section of Geography and Ethnology. Brit. Ass. R., p. 130 in section. (Relation of grammar to vocabulary; value of philology as aid to ethnology.)

1866. (7) Forschungen über die Urgeschichte der Menschheit und die Entwickelung der Civilisation. Aus dem Englischen von H. Müller. Leipzig: Abel. N.D. [1866]. 8vo. iii + 490. B.M. [10006. de. 17].

(8) 'On the Origin of Language'. Fortn. Rev., 4: 544-559 (April, 1866). (Interjectional and onomatopaeic words; facial expression and vocal sounds colouring of words; symbolism in language—vocalization of demonstratives, &c. names for father, mother; change of meaning; 'primaeval tongues.')

(9) 'The Religion of Savages'. Fortn. Rev., 6: 71-86 (August, 1866). ('The theory which endows the phenomena of nature with personal life might be called Animism.' Animism; breath, phantom, dreams; sacrifice of animate and inanimate, to gods and manes; origin of sacrifice—Mythology gender; personification—Aninism; guardian spirits; departmental deities; supreme Being ordering; hierarchy; Animism and science; fetishism; animism=elementary religion; spiritualism and astrology.)

(10) 'Review of Memorials of Service in India, from the correspondence of the late Major Samuel Charters Macpherson, C.B.': London, 1865. Fortn. Rev., 4: 639-640 (April, 1866). (Khond gods; human sacrifice.)

(11) 'The Science of Language: Review of Lectures on the Science of Language; Max Müller'; 4th edition; London, 1864; and other works.* (Anon.) Quart. Rev., 119: 394-435 (April, 1866). *A Dictionary of English Etymology; Wedgwood: London, 1859-1865. Chapters on Language; Farrar: London, 1865. (Development of school of Max Müller; his main tenets discussed and compared with those of other writers—Evolution of Science of Language; comparison of words and of grammatical forms; study of Sanskrit; its relation to other Aryan languages; study of grammar; regeneration and decay; Humboldt's work—Descent of languages; borrowing of words; value of comparison and vocabularies—Classification of languages; Humboldt's scheme; root words—Origin of Language; onomatopoeic words; interjections—Language as evidence of race and of culture.)

(12) 'Review of 'The Lake Dwellings of Switzerland and other parts of Europe': Keller'. Translated by T.E. Lee: London, 1866. Fortn. Rev., 6: 765-768 (November, 1866). (Lake dwellings—condition of inhabitants; culture and race; religion.)

(13) Lecture: 'The Arabian Nights' Literary Institute, April 9, 1866. Entertainments. Wellington Literary Institute, April 9, 1866. Wellington Weekly News, April 12, 1866.

(14) 'On Phenomena of the Higher Civilization traceable to a Rudimental Origin among Savage Tribes'. British Association, Nottingham, 1866; Section of Geography and Ethnology. Brit. Ass. R., p. 97 in section. Anthropological Rev., 4: 394 (abstract) (Mythology; sacrifice ; future life ; fasting.)

1867. (15) Lecture: 'On Traces of the Early Mental Condition of Man'. Royal Institution, March 15, 1867. Proc. Royal Inst., 5: 83 (Art of counting—Nature and habits of spiritual beings ; theory of ghosts funeral gifts and sacrifices—Association of ideas—Practical importance of study of lower races.)

1868. (16) 'Review of Max Müller's Chips from a German Workshop': London, 1867. Fortn. Rev., N. S., 3: 225-228. (Comparative mythology.)

(17) 'Recent Spanish Romances: Review of The Sea Gull (La Gaviota) from the Spanish of Fernan Caballero'; Hon. Augusta Bethell London, 1867'; and other works. North British Rev., 48: 129-132.

(18) 'William von Humboldt: Review of Schlesier's Ennnerungen an Wilhelm von Humboldt; Stuttgart, 1854 ; and other works'.* (Anon.) Quart. Rev., 124: 504-524 (April, 1868). *Wilhelm von Humboldt, Lebenbild und Charakteristik; Haym; Berlin, 1856. Vber die Kawi-Sprache auf der Insel Java; von Humboldt; Berlin, 1836-9. Wilhelm von Humboldt's Gesammelie Werke; Berlin, 1841-2, &c. (Basque language.)

(19) 'Lake Dwellings: Review of Keller's The Lake Dwellings of Switzerland'; London, 1866: 'Le Hon's L'Homme Fossile en Europe'; Brussels, 1867: 'Lubbock's Prehistoric Times'; London, 1865; and other works.* (Anon.) Quart. Rev., 125: 418-440 (October, 1868). *The Geological Evidences of the Antiquity of Man; Lyell; 3rd ed., London, 1863. Lake Habitations and Prehistoric Remains in the Turbaries and Marl Beds of Northern and Central Italy; Gastaldi; trans, and ed. Chambers; London, 1865. Habitations Lacustres; Troyon; Lausanne, 1860. (Herodotus; European lake-dwellers; Robenhausen; method of building object of pile-dwellings; evolution of culture; stone, bronze, and iron ages invasions; antiquity of man.)

(20) 'Review of A Memoir of Baron Bunsen; Frances Baroness Bunsen London, 1868'. Fortn. Rev., N.S., 3: 715-718.

(21) 'The Condition of Prehistoric Races, as inferred from observation of Modern Tribes'. International Congress of Prehistoric Archaeology, Norwich, August 21, 1868. Trans. Internat. Congr. Prehistoric Archaeology: London, 1869. 11-25. (Value of particular culture-features as tests of general level of culture; use of metals; pottery; textile fabrics-twisting, spinning, weaving; weapons; art; building; religion—Animism; prehistoric races not much below modern savages.)

(22) 'Remarks on Language and Mythology as Departments of Biological Science'. British Association, Norwich, 1868; Section of Anatomy and Physiology. Brit. Ass. R., p. 120 in Notices and Abstracts. (Evolution of culture; numeration; vocalization of demonstratives; growth of myths.)

1869. (23) 'Review of Lubbock's Prehistoric Times: 2nd edition, London, 1869'. Nature, 1: 103. (Stone implements; single or multiple origin of civilization; religion of savages.)

(24) Lecture: 'On the Survival of Savage Thought in Modern Civilisation'. Royal Institution. April 23, 1869. Proc. Royal Inst., 5: 522. (Study of survivals; superstition-fire-drill—mediaeval witchcraft—modern spiritualism—savage animism—spiritualistic phenomena; games of chance; divination; disease-spirits; religious ceremonies—lustration—East and West— Western region of the dead—sun-worship—orientation; historical and comparative study of civilization.)

(25) Lecture: 'Spiritualistic Philosophy of the Lower Races of Mankind'. University College, London, May 8, 1869.

1870. (26) Researches into the Early History of Mankind and the Development of Civilization. 2nd edition. London: Murray. 1870. 8vo. vi + 386.

(27) 'Primitive Man. Louis Figuier. (L'Homme Primitif; Paris, 1870.) Revised translation'. Edited by E.B.T. London: Chapman & Hall. 1870. 8vo. xix + 348. B [221. e. 74]. B.M. [2248. e.].

(28) 'The Philosophy of Religion among the Lower Races of Mankind'. Ethnological Society, April 26, 1870. Journ. Ethn. Soc, N. S., 2: 369-379 (abstract). Nature, 2: 18. (Doctrine of spiritual beings defined as Animism; starting-point of philosophy of religion of lower races and minimum definition of religion—Soul combines ideas of ghost and vital principle; cause of phenomena of life, disease, dreams, possession; extended to animals and inanimate objects—Phenomena of nature explained on animistic theory; polytheism; greater deities; dualism; Supreme Deity.), For development of theory of Animism see (9), (15), (24) and Primitive Culture (30), written in 1869. See letter (85).

(29) 'Taunton College School'. Nature, 2 : 48-49. 

1871. (30) Primitive Culture: Researches into the Development of Mythology, Philosophy, Religion, Art, and Custom. 2 vols. London: Murray. 1871. 8vo. x + 453 and viii + 426. Preface, March, 1871. B. [223. i. 77, 8]. B.M. [10007. cc. 11]. Second edition: London, 1873. See (41). Third edition, revised: London, 1891. (189). Fourth edition, revised: London, 1903. (252). First American edition: New York, 1874. (53). Russian translation: St. Petersburg, 1872. (33). German translation: Leipzig, 1873. (42). French translation: Paris, 1876. (69). Polish translation: Warsaw, 1896, 1898. (220).

(31) Article 'Ethnology', by the late J.C. Prichard, Esq., M.D. Revised by E.B. Tylor. In A Manual of Scientific Enquiry, prepared for the use of Officers in Her Majesty's Navy and Travellers in General. Published by Authority of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty 4th edition; London, 1871. 8vo. See (161). Art. IV, p. 233.

(32) 'Maine's Village Communities: Review of Maine's Village Communities in the East and West works.'; London, 1871; and other works. Quart. Rev., 131: 176-189 (July, 1871). *On the Agricultural Community of the Middle Ages; Nasse; trans. Ouvry London, 1871. Les Ouvriers Europiens; Le Play: Paris, 1855. (Maine's position on theory of primitive society; patriarchal family; disintegration of village community system under pressure of war, increase of population, improvements in agriculture.)

1872. (33) 'Pervobytnaya Kultura: izsledovaniya razvitya mythologii, pbilosophii, religii, iskusstva i obycayev'. Translation edited by D. A. Koropdevski. 2 vols. St. Petersburg: Office of the Znanie. 1872. 8vo. xv + 383 and 484 + viii + i, ii. Editor's preface, and preface of 1st English edition translated.

(34) 'Ethnology and Spiritualism: Reply to A.R. Wallace's review of Primitive Culture' in Academy, February 15, 1872. Nature, 5: 343. (Were-wolves; hypnotic influence.)

(35) 'Quetelet's Contributions to the Science of Man. Review of Quetelet's Physique Sociale'; Brussels, 1869; and 'Anthropométric'; Brussels, 1870. Nature, 5: 358-363 (see 11: 129). Pop. Sci. Mo., 1: 45-55. North British Rev., 22: 217. (Regularity of human actions; relation between biological and ethical phenomena; method; laws of variation.)

(36) 'Bastian's Ethnological Collections: Review of Basfcian's Die Rechtsverhaltnisse; Berlin, 1872': and 'Beitrage zur Ethnologie; Berlin, 1871': Ethnologische Forschungen; Jena, 1871. Acad. 3: 353-4. (Avoidance.)

(37) Lecture: 'Musical Tone'. Wellington Literary Institute, February 23, 1872. Wellington Weekly News, February 29, 1872. same lecture, Taunton College School, March 14, 1872. Nature, 6: 6-7.

(38) Six Lectures on 'The Development of Belief and Custom among the Lower Races of Mankind'. Royal Institution, April-June, 1872.

(39) Lecture: 'The Survival of Savage Thought in Modern Life'. Literary and Philosophical Association, Bath, December 6, 1872. Bath Pamphlets, in Shum's Collection of Bath Books (forthcoming), vol. 40: Art. 11. Bath Chronicle, December 12,1872. p. 3. ('Survivals'; evolution of arts—musical bow, fire-drill, Need-fire—social position of the aged among savages—killing of aged in Brazil, Sweden, England, Silesia, Saxony; Village Community—game-laws—land tenure. Survivals in religious observances—dancing—funeral ceremonies)

(40) 'Report of the Arctic Committee of the Anthropological Institute II. Enquiries as to Religion, Mythology and Sociology of Esquimaux Tribes'. Journ. Anth. Inst., 2: 297. 1873.

(41) Primitive Culture: Researches into the Development of Mythology, Philosophy, Religion, Language, Art, and Custom. 2nd edition. 2 vols. London: Murray, 1873. 8vo, viii + 502 and viii + 470. Prefaces 1871 and 1873.

(42) Die Anfange der Cultur; Untersuchungen iiber die Entwicklung der Mythologie, Philosophic, Religion, Kunst und Sitte. Unter Mitwirkung des Verfassers ins Deutsche iibertragen von J. W. Spengel und Fr. Poske. 2 vols. Leipzig: Winter. 1873. 8vo. xii + 495 and iv + 472. Preface 1871 translated; translator's preface to German edition, September, 1872. 22: 53-72 19 : 722-740.

(43) Primitive Society: arts. 1 and 2. Contemporary Review, 21 : 701-718 (April, 1873); (June). Eclectic Magazine, N.S., 17 : 641-652; Translated, Znanie (St. Petersburg), 1873. (1. Moral condition of savages; treatment of aged; force of custom; marriage-prohibitions; savage morals under favourable conditions; origin of moral standard—religion and future life—'independent morality'; kinship, the family, blood-covenant, common meal; homicide, head-hunting; theft; utilitarianism. 2. Blood-revenge in Australia, South America, Europe; substitution of law; lex talionis in Abyssinia; vengeance on criminal's family; family responsibility; evolution of idea of legal punishment. Primitive land-law agriculture—digging-stick; Village Community, disintegration under modern conditions. Effects of war on society—patriarchal government superseded by elective chiefship; slavery. Evolution of Society.)

1873. (44) 'Review of Clodd's The Childhood of the World: London, 1873'. Nature, 8: 99-100.

(45) 'Review of Herbert Spencer's Descriptive Sociology, No. I; Collier; English: London, 1873'. Nature, 8: 544-547. (Merits of Mr. Spencer's scheme.)

(46) 'Review of Marshall's A Phrenologist among the Todas: London, 1873'. Nature, 9: 99-101. (Morality; Toda marriage; phrenology; infanticide.)

(47) 'English Dictionaries: Review of A Dictionary of the English Language; Latham: London, 1866-70; and other works'. (Anon.) Quart. Rev., 135: 445-481 (October, 1873).

(48) Letter on same subject. Athenaeum, Nov. 22, 1873.

(49) Lecture: 'The Primitive Social Condition of Man'. Leeds Philosophical and Literary Society, February 4, 1873. Reports Leeds Phil, and Lit. Soc, 1872-3 (title only).

(50) 'On the Relation of Morality to Religion in the Early Stages of Civilization'. British Association, Bradford, 1873 ; Department of Anthropology./ Brit. Ass. R., 148-150. Nature, 8: 498-499. (Growth of ethical religions; marriage; wife-purchase, &c.; disease-spirits; exorcism; manes-worship; future life; great deities.)

(51) 'Refraction of Light Mechanically Illustrated: questions arising out of a lecture at Taunton College School'. Nature, 9: 158-159.

1873-1874 (52) 'Report of the Committee on the preparation of brief forms of instructions for travellers, ethnologists, &c'. British Association, Bradford, 1873. Brit. Ass. R., 482-488. • Belfast, 1874. Brit. Ass. R, 214-218.

1874. (53) Primitive Culture: Researches into the Development of Mythology, Philosophy, Religion, Language, Art, and Custom. 1st American, from the 2nd English edition. 2 vols. New York Henry Holt and Company. 1874. 8vo. viii + 502 and viii + 470. Prefaces 1871 and 1873.

(54) 'The Stone Age, past and present': in 'Half-hour Recreations' in Popular Science, Series I. D.C. Estes. 1874, &c. 8vo. pp. 327-362.  B.M. [8708. bbb. 4]. (Stone Age defined, p. 327; use of natural stones, 328. Unground Stone Age, 329; Drift or Quaternary deposits; geological time; characteristic drift implements; comparison with modern and undated implements. Bone Caves, 332; shell-heaps; state of civilization represented. Ground Stone Age, 334; characteristics; celts, hammers, spears; stone implements as evidence of intercourse—polished celts of green jade in Australia, 337; mere in New Zealand, similar weapon in Peru, 338; worldwide uniformity of certain types. Races without knowledge of metals; Stone Age in America; copper, gold, silver, bronze; legends of foreign teachers; Asia, 343. Stone Age in Asia, 344-349; in Europe, 349; linguistic evidence, 350; Semitic evidence, ceremonial uses, circumcision, embalming, blood-covenant, 351-355. Africa: use of iron, 355; Stone Age, 356, 357; thunder-bolt myth, 357-361; Conclusion.)

(55) Sections in Notes and Queries on Anthropology, for the use of Travellers and Residents in uncivilized lands. Drawn up by a Committee appointed by the British Association for the Advancement of Science. London: Stanford. xviii. History, 27-28. xxviii. Morals, 47-48. Fetishes, &c, 50-58. 60-61. xxxiii. Mythology, 62-63. xxxvi. Customs, 66-67. xxxvii. Taboo, 67-69. lxix. Language, 114-116. lxx. Poetry, 117. lxxi. Writing, 117-118. lxxvii. Fire, 125. xci. Conservatism, 137. xcii. Variation, 137-138. xciii. Invention, 138. xx. Etymology, 36-37. xxii. Arithmetic, 38-39. xxix. Covenants, Oaths, Ordeals, 49. xxx. Religion, xxxi. Superstitions, 59. xxxii. Magic and Witchcraft, See (197), (236).

(56) 'The Relation of Race to Species'. Nature, 11: 129. Illustration. See (35). (Diagrammatic representation of variation; effects of crossing of Europeans; and negroes; development of a species.)

(57) 'The Philology of Slang'. Macmillan's Magazine, 29: 503-513 (April, 1874). Eclectic Mag., N.S., 19: 722-732. (Slang a genuine and influential branch of speech; principles of formation exemplified—onomatopoeic words—abbreviation and contraction—agglutination—variation of internal vowels—metaphor, puns—antiquarian slang—foreign sources.)

(58) 'Review of Fritsch's Die Eingeborenen Sud-Afrikas': Nature, 9: 479-482. (Racial types; language.)

(59) 'Review of Peschel's Volkerkunde: Leipzig, 1874'. Acad., 5: 665. (American culture borrowed.)

(60) 'Review of Herbert Spencer's Descriptive Sociology: Mexicans, Central Americans, Chibchas, and Ancient Peruvians: Breslau, 1872. No. 2. Ancient Scheppig. No. 3. Types of Lowest Races, Negritto Races, and Malayo-Polynesian Races: Duncan. London, 1874. Acad., 6: 298. (American and Asiatic calendars.)

(61) 'Review of Catalogue of the Anthropological Collection lent by Colonel Lane Fox for Exhibition in the Bethnal Green Branch of the South Kensington Museum: Lane Fox; London, 1874.' Acad., 6: 460. (Shields; boomerangs; spear-throwers; bow; blow-gun; single or multiple origin of inventions.)

(62) 'The Degeneracy of Man: Letter on Peschel's Volkerkunde, p. 137'. Nature, 10: 146-147, 205. (Von Martius on degeneracy of Brazilian Indians; Brazilian land-law; Polynesian numerals as evidence of degeneracy.)

(63) Lecture: 'Light'. Wellington Literary Institute, March 3, 1874. Wellington Weekly News, March 5, 1874.

1875. (64) Article 'Anthropology'. Encyclopaedia Britannica, ninth edition, 2: 107-123. (Man's Place in Nature—Origin of Man—Races of Mankind—Antiquity of Man—Language—Development of Civilization; survival in culture.)

(65) 'Review of Bancroft's Native Races of the Pacific States, vol. i London, 1875'. Acad., 7: 428-429. (Eskimo: Asiatic migrations.)

(66) 'Review of Gerland's Anthropologische Beitrage: Halle, 1875'. Acad., 8: 555-556. (Food and the origin of civilization; fixity of race types.)

(67) 'Letter on Orientation'. Times, July 15, 1875, p. 7. (Survivals in Christian ritual.)

(68) Lecture: 'Primitive Civilization'. Leeds Philosophical and Literary Society.

1876 (69) La Civilisation Primitive: traduit de l'anglais sur la deuxieme Edition par Mme Pauline Brunet. 2 vols. Paris: Reinwald et Cie. 1876. 8vo. xvi + 584 and viii 4-597. Prefaces 1871 and 1873.

(70) Article 'Cannibalism'. Encyclopaedia Britannica, ninth edition, 4: 807-809. (Etymology; natural aversion to cannibalism; causes of cannibalism—famine fury or bravado—morbid affection—magic—religion—habit; prehistoric evidence.)

(71) Article 'Demonology'. Encyclopaedia Britannica, ninth edition, 7: 60-64. (Etymology—Demon modified human soul; animistic theory of disease; possession; phantoms; guardian spirits; sorcerers, witches, familiar spirits spiritualistic seances—Hierarchy of spirits; dualism; degradation of deities of hostile religions.)

(72) Article 'Divination'. Encyclopaedia Britannica, ninth edition, 7: 293-294. (Etymology—Artificial divination; haruspication, prodigies, lightning, augury, astrology; lots; association of ideas; symbolism—Natural Divination; dreams; prophetic oracles.)

(73) 'South-Sea Island Mythology: Review of Gill's Myths and Songs from the South Pacific; London, 1876; and other works'. Quart. Rev., 142: 232-251 (July, 1876). * Polynesian Mythology: Grey ; London, 1855. Te Ika a Maui: Taylor ; 2nd edit., London, 1870. Traditions and Superstitions of the New Zealanders: Short- land; 2nd edit., London, 1856. Die Wandersagen der Neuseelander: Schirren; Riga, 1856. (Hervey Islands; sea-faring migration from Asia into Polynesia; Awaiki = West.)

(74) 'Dammann's Race Photographs: Review of Dammann's Ethnological Photographic Gallery; new edition; London, 1875' Nature, 13: 184-185.

(75) 'Review of Wilson's Prehistoric Man: new edition; London, 1876'. Nature, 14: 65-66. (Metal-working; Americanising of European types.)

(76) 'Remarks on Japanese Mythology'. Anthropological Institute, March 28, 1876. Journ. Anth. Inst., 6: 55-60. (Buddhist and Chinese influence; Japanese nature-myths; go-hei in mythology. In discussion:—story of hero set adrift—fairy food; mirror in Japanese temples.)

(77) 'Review of von Hellwald's Culturgeschichte : Augsburg, 1875'. Acad., 9: 198-199. (Variation of human mind; couvade not connected with patrilineal descent.)

(78) 'Review of Bancroft's The Native Races of the Pacific States, vols, ii-v: London, 1875-6'. Acad., 10: 192-194. (Mexican and Central American calendars, rites, &c.; mound-builders; Asia and Mexico; confession of sins; Norse mythology in America; Mexican Deluge (Coxcox).)

(79) 'Review of Hartmann's Die Nigritier, part I: Berlin, 1876'. Acad., 10: 629-630. (Fellahs as representatives of ancient Egyptians; relation of Berbers; origin of Egyptians; African migration into Europe.)

(80) Lecture: 'Ordeals and Oath's. Proc. Royal Inst., 8 : 152-166. Times, April 10, 1876.

(81) ------------- Macmillan's Mag., Royal Institution, April 7, 1876. 34: 1-11. Pop. Sci. Mo., 9: 307. Living Age, 130: 220. Eclectic Mag., N.S., 24: 59. (Origin of ordeals and oaths—magic and religion. Ordeal—magical basis; religious element imported; salt, shell-fish, water-trembling, weighing, Bible-and-key, water, fire, poison, hot iron, food. Oath, nature of; oaths by sun, head, weapon; symbolic reversal; animal worship; oath of conditional favour; nature of penalties; mundane and post-mundane oaths, lower and higher culture compound nature of English judicial oath—'halidome'—so help me God ' ; administration to children ; social value of oath ; truth.) 1877.

1877 (82) Article 'Eunuch'. Encyclopaedia Britannica, ninth edition, 8: 667. (Oriental; ancient; modern; ascetic.)

(83) 'Sound Vibrations of Soap-Film Membranes'. Nature, 16: 12.

(84) 'Mr. Spencer's 'Principles of Sociology': Review of Herbert Spencer's The Principles of Sociology, vol. i ; London, 1876'. Mind, 2: 141-156 (April 1877). (Mr. Spencer's treatment of the evolution of religion, and Tylor's theory of Primitive Animism; mental condition of primitive man; fetishism; belief in soul; future life, land of souls, Hades, the West, Heaven; belief in spirits demon modified soul; disease; sacrifice; animal-worship, names of ancestors polytheistic gods; euhemerism; hypothesis of verbal misunderstandings.)

(85) -------------- Letter, May 2, 1877. Acad., 11: 392. Answer to Mr. Spencer's letter of April 23; Acad., 11: 367. (Animism date of publication of Philosophy of Religion (see 28) and writing of Primitive Culture.)

(86) Letter, May 19, 1877. Acad., 11: 462 (May 26). Answer to Mr. Spencer's letters of April 23 and May 7; Acad., 11: 367, 416. (Theory of Animism brought before Ethnological Society in its complete elaboration, 1870. See 28.)

(87) Letter, May 28, 1877. Mind, 2: 419-423 (July). Answer to Mr. Spencer's letter of April 19; Mind, 2: 415-419. (Relation of Spencer's views to Tylor's; origin of Animism.)

(88) Letters, June 13, 19. Mind, 2: 429. Answer to Mr. Spencer's letter of June 2.

(89) 'Review of Squier's Peru: London, 1877'. Nature, 16: 191, 192. (Stone circles; round towers; traditions of the Incas.)

(90) 'The Cagots and Gypsies of Prance and Spain: Review of de Rochas' Les Parias de France et d'Espagne; Paris, 1876'. Acad., 11: 392-393. (Cagots not heretics but lepers.)

(91) ''The Child', by Ploss: Review of Ploss' Das Kind in Brauch und Sitte der Volker; Stuttgart, 1876'. Acad., 12: 473-4, 495-6. Pop. Sci. Mo., Suppl., 9: 240-243 (1878). (Survivals in treatment of infants; purification of women; sanitary origin of ceremonies; skull-deformation; infanticide; couvade, sympathetic magic.)

(92) Two Lectures: 'The Philosophy of Language'. London Institution, January 22, 29, 1877. Times, January 23 (p. 5), 30 (p. 6), 1877. 

(93) Lecture: 'Language in its Lower Forms'. Somersetshire Archaeological and Natural History Society, March 22, 1877. Wellington Weekly News, March 29, 1877.

1878. (94) Researches into the Early History of Mankind and the Development of Civilization. 3rd edition, revised. London: Murray. 1878. 8vo. iv + 388. B.M. [2024. b.].

(95) ---------------- New York: Henry Holt & Company. 1878.

(96) 'Backgammon among the Aztecs'. Macmillan's Mag., 39: 142-150 (December, 1878). Pop. Sci. Mo., 14: 491. An expansion of (97). (Combination of draughts and dice ; history of backgammon-group in Old World--Roman, Greek, Persian, Arabian tab, Indian ay & naya, pachisi. America patolli; Asiatic influence on Mexican culture—calendar, bronze, junk theory. North America; Sonora patole; Iroquois Game of the Bowl, plum-stones or peach stones, deer-buttons; Algonquin pugasaing; Huron jeu de plat. Comparison of North American and Asiatic culture.)

(97) 'On the Game of Patolli in Ancient Mexico and its probably Asiatic Origin'. Anthropological Institute, April 9, 1878. Journ. Anth. Inst., 8: 116-131. See (96) and (106). (Backgammon—Arabic forms—pachisi; early accounts of patolli; Huron Game of the Bowl—Iroquois deer-button and peach-stone game; junk theory of Asiatic influence.)

(98) 'A Folk Tale and Various Superstitions of the Hidatsa Indians. Communicated by E.B. Tylor'. Folklore Record, 1: 136-144.

(99) Lecture: 'The Beginnings of Exact Knowledge'. Bath Literary and Philosophical Association, November 15, 1878. Bath Pamphlets, in Shum's Collection of Bath Books (forthcoming), vol. 40: art. 27. Bath Chronicle, November 21, 1878 p. 7.; (Numeration and arithmetic; measures; calendar; geometry.)

1879. (100) Article 'Giants'. Encyclopaedia Britannica, ninth edition, 10: 571-572. (Giant-legends; races of giants; theory of modern degeneracy; statistics; giant-myths accounted for.)

(101) 'Recent American Anthropology': 'Review of Bastian's Die Culturlander des alten Amerika; Berlin, 1878': 'Contributions to North American Ethnology, vol. i; Washington, 1878' 'Matthews' Ethnology and Philology of the Hidatsa Indians Washington, 1878'. Acad., 15: 12-13.

(102) 'Review of The Native Tribes of South Australia: Adelaide, 1878'. Acad. 15: 88-9.

(103) Lecture: 'A Fortnight's Tour in Brittany'. Wellington Literary and Scientific Institute, January 3, 1879. Wellington Weekly News, January 9, 1879. (Stone monuments; journey of soul; All Souls' Day; wrestling; transmission of news; marriage-broker.) 

(104) 'Remarks on the Geographical Distribution of Games'. Anthropological Institute, March 11, 1879. Journ. Anth. Inst., 9: 23-29. (Draughts; kite-flying; cat's-cradle; Asiatic migrations; Asiatic and Polynesian mythologies.) 

(105) Lecture: 'The History of Games'. Royal Institution, March 14, 1879. Proc. Royal Inst., 9: 125. 

(106) ------------ Fortn. Rev., N. S., 25: 735-747. Pop. Sci. Mo., 15: 225. Eclectic Mag., N.S., 30: 21-30. See (96), (97), (103). (Principles for determining migration or re-invention of games; kites; cat's-cradle—Antiquity of games—Hand-games; hot cockles; morra; odd and even—Ball play; ball dance; of hockey—Sedentary games; ch. iii); backgammon group; games ; chess-group—Irregular course of evolution.) hostile ball-games ; stick and ball; evolution games of chance ; divination (Primitive Culture, tdb, pachisi, patolli, North-American gambling

(107) Address to the Department of Anthropology, British Association, Sheffield, August 22, 1879. Brit. Ass. R., 381-389. Journ. Anth. Inst., 9: 235-246. Nature, 20: 413-417. Pop. Sci. Mo., 16: 145-157 (Recent Anthropology). (Evidence of man's antiquity derived from race, language, and culture independent of geological evidence; Quaternary Man; 'primaeval' or 'primitive' as applied to civilization; ancient Egyptians, relation to Chaldaeans priority of bronze over iron; iron in Egypt; Metal Age; comparative study of law and custom; marriage, inheritance; comparative mythology; myth as explanation of fact.)

(108) 'Remarks on Australian Marriage Laws'. Anthropological Institute, December 9, 1879. Journ. Anth. Inst., 9: 354. (Criticism of Morgan; letters from L. Fison and J. Forrest.)

1880. (109) 'Letter of condolence on the death of Broca'. Bulletin de la Sociéte d'Anthropologie de Paris, 3: 498-499.

(110) 'Anniversary Address'. Anthropological Institute, January 27, 1880. Journ. Anth. Inst., 9: 443-458. Nature, 21: 381 (Anthropology a generation ago—Review of year's work; advance in somatology, philology, archaeology; recent works; papers read before the Institute marriage by capture; Vedic religion; fetichism.

(111) 'On the Origin of the Plough and Wheel-Carriage'. Anthropological Institute, February 24, 1880. Journ. Anth Inst., 10: 74-82; plates and woodcuts. Revue d'Anthropologie 11: 718. Nature, 21: 459-460. Pop. Sci. Mo., 18: 448. (Origin of agriculture; digging-stick; hoe; plough derived from hoe development—Wheel-carriage derived from rollers; evolution of wheel war-chariot; use of cattle.)

(112) -------- additional note on war-chariot. Journ. Anth. Inst., 10: 128.

(113) -------- letter in answer to suggestion made by Miss Peacock. Acad., 18: 347.

(114) Lecture: 'Musical Tone'. Wellington Literary Institute, April 16, 1880. Wellington Weekly News, April 22, 1880.

1881. (115) Anthropology: An Introduction to the Study of Man and Civilisation London : Macmillan & Co. 1881. cr. 8vo. xv + 448. 78 illustrations. Preface, February 1881; select bibliography; B. [189. f. 207]. B.M. [2352. b. 23]. New York : Appleton & Co. 1881. 12mo. xv + 448. Reprinted with corrections, 1889. See (175). Reprinted with further corrections, 1892 (196). Reprinted 1895. Russian translation: St. Petersburg, 1882 (127). German translation: Brunswick, 1883 (135). Spanish translation: Madrid, 1887 (163). Polish translation: 1st edition, Warsaw, 1889 (176). Polish translation: 2nd edition, Warsaw, 1902 (245).

(116) 'The Races of Mankind'. Abridged from chapter iii of Anthropology. Pop. Sci. Mo., 19: 289-311.

(117) 'Review of Fison and Howitt's Kamilaroi and Kurnai: 1880'. Acad., 19: 264-266. (Morgan's theories; origin of exogamy; bull-roarer.)

(118) 'Review of Dorman's Origin of Primitive Superstitions: Philadelphia, 1881'. Acad., 20 : 339. (Dorman's animistic explanation of superstitions; doctrine of future punishment; sorcery; cannibalism; couvade; totemism.)

(119) 'Review of Bock's Head-hunters of Borneo: London, 1881'. Acad., 20: 376-377. (Value of illustrations—Dayaks ; migration from Asia to Archipelago, Polynesia, New Zealand; foreign influences on Dayak culture, Brahmanic, Islamic, European; houses, sepulchres, wood-carving, tatuing—Head-hunting.)

(120) 'Review of Phear's The Aryan Village in India and Ceylon: London, 1880'. Nature, 23: 525-526. (Common fields; patriarchal family; hereditary professions; grants of lands; feudalism.)

(121) 'Review of Dawson's Australian Aborigines: Melbourne and London, 1881'. Nature, 24: 529-530. (Marriage-regulations; avoidance; numerals; story of Pleiades.)

(122) 'Review of Bastian's Die heilige Saga der Polynesier: Leipzig, 1881'. Nature, 25: 28-29. (Polynesian civilization; Maori cosmogony; moon-myth.)

(123) Letter: 'Primitive Traditions as to the Pleiades'. Nature, 25: 150-151. (A reply to Mr. Justice Haliburton's letter. Nature 25: 100, 101.)

(124) Lecture: 'Problems in the History of Civilization'. London Institution, January 24, 1881. Times, January 26, 1881, p. 12.

(125) 'Anniversary Address'. Anthropological Institute, January 25, 1881. Journ. Anth. Inst., 10: 440-458. (Review of recent work; sign language; burial customs; use of stone implements; hypertrichosis; tailed men; relation of Australian and Dravidian languages; survivals in Scotland; communal marriage and avoidance, reformation theory; papers read before the Institute; Pitt-Rivers Collection.)

(126) 'Notes on the Asiatic Relations of Polynesian Culture'. Anthropological Institute, November 22, 1881. Journ. Anth. Inst., 11: 401-404. Revue d'Anthropologie, 12: 563. (Dyak architecture; nose-flute; Asiatic and Polynesian mythology; swan maiden.)

1882. (127) Anthropologiya: vvedenie k isyceniio celovka i tsivilizatsii. Translated by E.C. Evena. S. Petersburg. 1882. 8vo. xxv + 434 + ii. Editor's preface to Russian edition; select bibliography; 78 illustrations.

(128) 'The Study of Customs'. Macmillan's Mag., 46: 73-86 (May, 1882). (Philosophical speculation applied to customs—Mr. Herbert Spencer's Ceremonial Institutions; Japanese custom of wearing two swords; shaking hands; tatuing; hair-cutting of criminals; mourning colours; Methods of dealing with evidence:—historical method—horse at funeral; geographical method nose-flute; inferential method—days of the week, sabbath, seven planets.)

(129) 'Review of Elton's Origins of English History : London, 1882'. Nature, 25 : 501-502. (Hesperides; races of England; customs of inheritance; survivals; Mithra.)

(130) 'Review of Shway Yoe's The Burman : London, 1882'. Nature, 26: 593-595. (Importance of knowledge of native habits; animistic view of dreams propitiation of spirits; Buddhist doctrine of Karma and transmigration; Buddhist morals; Hindu influence on Burma; dancing as expression of emotion; tattoo.)

(131) ------- letter on the ' tattooed man '. Nature, 27: 6.

(132) Lecture: 'A Visit to Athens'. Wellington Literary Institute, January 13, 1882. Wellington Weekly News, January 19, 1882.

(133) Four Lectures on 'The History of Customs and Beliefs'. Royal Institution, April-May, 1882. Times, May 18, 1882. See (127). I. April 8. The Study of Customs; its difficulties, and the untrustworthiness of speculative explanations—Criticism of Mr. Herbert Spencer's mode of treatment—Available methods of tracing the origin of customs—Historical method; example, the funeral horse-sacrifice—Geographical method; example, the nose-flute—Inferential method; example, the week and week-days. II. April 25. Travelling of ideas and customs from Old World centres of civilization into the Par East, Polynesia, and America—Hindu marriage- ceremonies—Use of cycles in magic and time-measuring—Early astronomy the Seven Heavens—The Elements and Ages of the World—Means of distinguishing between diffusion and re-invention of thoughts and arts. III. May 2. Origin and migration of myths—Metaphor and mythical fancy Key to nature-myths in phrases, riddles, &c.—The Raising of the Land—The Symplegades—The World swallowed up by Night—The four cardinal points- Deluge traditions. IV. May 9. Means of distinguishing ideas and institutions in early stages of growth, from broken-down remains of higher culture—The Polynesian and South African problems—Early conceptions of nature—Animism—Effects of early social, philosophical, and religious ideas in the civilized world Conclusion.

(134) Lecture: 'Original and Borrowed Civilization'. Leeds Philosophical and Literary Society, November 28, 1882. Reports Leeds Phil, and Lit. Soc. 1882-1883 (title only).

1883. (135) Einleitung in das Studium der Anthropologic und Civilisation. Deutsche autorisirte Ausgabe von G. Siebert ... Brunswick: Vieweg. 1883. 8vo. xix + 538. Preface 1881; preface to German edition; 78 illustrations. B.M. [10007. g. 34],

(136) Article 'Magic'. Encyclopaedia Britannica, ninth edition, 15 : 199-206. (Origin of term; magical beliefs and practices—Magic of lower races magicians; fetiches—Egyptian, Babylonian, Assyrian magic; divination; astrology—Greek and Roman magic; omens—Philosophic and theurgic magic; names and spells—Asiatic magic, Hindu, Tibetan, Chinese—Magic in Christendom—Origin of magic; association of ideas.)

(137) Article 'Mexico (ancient)'. Encyclopaedia Britannica, ninth edition, 16 : 206-214. (Name—History; migration from Asia and Polynesia; Asiatic influence on civilization; calendar, zodiac, four ages, planetary spheres, patolli. (See 97.) Picture-writing; native chronicles—Civilization; government; palaces; war Religion; mythology; teocalli; prayer; incense; fasting; festivals; mocking—Picture-writing; calendar; sacred fire—Education; marriages; funerals—Agriculture and food; clothing and ornaments; metal-work; art and pastime—Central American culture; architecture.)

(138) Two Lectures on 'Anthropology'. University Museum, Oxford, February 15, 21, 1883. Oxford Mag., 1: 88, 111. (February 21, 28, 1883.) Nature, 28: 8-11, 55-59. Science, 1: 525 ; 2 : 57. I. Evolution and anthropology; barrow-builders of England; races of Fiji, craniology, grammar; hair and race development of culture; ages of stone and metal; survivals; dreams, offerings to dead—Geography of negro and negrito; types of white race; influence of Egypt. II. Borrowing of culture; Eskimo; degeneration of culture; Veddas; evolution of culture; sign language—Magic; divining-rod; worm knot; astrology Anglo-Israelites—Claims of anthropology; the Pitt-Rivers Collection.

(139) 'Old Scandinavian Civilization among the Modern Esquimaux'. Anthropological Institute, June 12, 1883. Journ. Anth. Inst., 13 : 348-357; Plates. Revue d'Anthropologie, 13: 534. (Early accounts of Esquimaux; xviii. century authors; costume; blubber lamp; nith songs

1884. (140) Article 'Oath'. Encyclopaedia Britannica, ninth edition, 17: 698-702. (Origin of term; nature of oath; history; classification of forms; swearing in early Christendom; profane swearing; survivals of heathenism political, ecclesiastical, and legal oaths in modern civilized nations.)

(141) Article 'Ordeal'. Encyclopaedia Britannica, ninth edition, 17: 818-820. (Etymology—Processes of divination; appeals to corpse; ordeal combined with oath; cursed food and drink; fire, water, hot iron; combat.)

(142) 'Introduction to Samoa a Hundred Years Ago: George Turner London, 1884'. 8vo. B. [2068. e. 3]. B.M. [2374. b. 16]. (Rapid changes; development from spirit to deity; Tongo incarnate in the owl; ceremonial survival of cannibalism; communism.)

(143) 'Memoir of George Rolleston', in Scientific Papers and Addresses by George Rolleston, M.D., F.R.S., arranged and edited by William Turner, M.B., LL.D., F.R.S. 2 vols. Oxford, Clarendon Press. 1884. 8vo. Reprinted for private circulation. B. [S. Nat. Sci., 395 a]. B.M. [2251. e. 5].

(144) 'Archaeology in America'. American Architect: Boston; 16: 151.

(145) 'Review of Im Thurn's Among the Indians of Guiana: 1883'. Nature, 29 : 305-307. (Classification of tribes; pile-houses; animism; law of vengeance (Kenaima); magicians; spiritualistic seances.)

(146) 'American Aspects of Anthropology': Address to the Section of Anthropology, British Association, Montreal, August 28, 1884. Brit. Ass. R., 899-910. Nature, 30: 448-457. Science, 4: 217 (abstract). Pop. Sci. Mo., 26 : 152. (Flint implements; antiquity of man; palaeolithic man in Asia; Eskimo; Scandinavian exploration—Origin of Americans ; migration from Asia; land connexion; uniformity of type; Asiatic and American languages; social system; matriarchy, matrilineal descent, rules of residence, exogamy, avoidance, totemism—Asiatic and Mexican cosmogonies and calendars ; magic j patolli and pachisi—Distribution of culture-plants and pottery in North and South America ; northward drift of civilization—Anthropology in Canada.) 1884.

(147) 'North American Races and Civilization'. Section of Anthropology, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1885.  Philadelphia, Penn. Science, 4: 345. (Asiatic migration into North America; diversity of American languages antiquity of man in America; social condition: maternal descent.)

(148) 'Customs of North American Tribes'. October Meeting of the National Academy of Sciences, Newport, R.I., 1884. Science, 4: 396. (North American and Asiatic customs; tradition or re-invention, 'homogeny' or 'homoplasy'.)

(149) 'How the Problems of American Anthropology present themselves to the English mind'. Anthropological Society of Washington, October 11, 1884. Science, 4: 545. Post, Washington, October 12, 1884. National Republican, Washington, October 13, 1884. (Conservatism in America; Society of Friends; Memnonites—North American ceremonies; Ute and Zufii bull-roarers; re-invention or historical connexion; Iroquois and Zufii picture-writing; the heart line; Mojave bark girdle; Ute funeral custom; water, soul-bridges—Development in civilization; Pitt-Rivers Museum; Christy collection; systematic collection and arrangement—Bureau of Ethnology—Position and practical value of anthropology; 'survivals'; effects of political bias.)

(150) Lectures as Reader in Anthropology in the University of Oxford. University Museum, 1884. Hilary Term: 'Development of Civilization—Arts of Life'. (Flint implements and their uses, with practical illustrations. Oxford Mag. 2: 20.) Easter Term: 'Development of Arts and Sciences'. (Gesture language—gesture and voice—interjectional and onomatopoeic language—the study of language in its relation to Anthropology—art of counting. Oxford Mag., 2 : 228, 247, 265, 298.) Michaelmas Term: 'Intellectual Development of Mankind'. (The Pueblo Indians and their culture—Ethnology of North America—writing. Oxford Mag., 2 : 371, 394, 410, 452.)

1885. (151) 'Archaeology: Appendix to Anthropology'; Daniel Wilson; New York, 1885. 8vo. (Humboldt Library, No. 71.) 

(152) 'The Patriarchal Theory: Review of McLennan's The Patriarchal Theory; London,1885'. Academy, 28: 67-68. (Theory of the patriarchal family twenty years ago; development of McLennan's views; Primitive Marriage; matriarchal theory; Maine's Theories of Primitive Society, 1883; the Roman paternal family patria potestas and agnation.)

(153) 'Review of Bourke's The Snake-dance of the Moquis of Arizona London, 1884'. Nature, 31 : 429-430.

(154) 'American Anthropology: Review of Ten Kate's Reizen en Onderzoekingen in Nord Amerika; Leyden, 1885'; and other works. Nature, 32 : 593-594. (Classification of Pueblo tribes; social organization; antiquity of man in America; stone implements.)

(155) Letter: 'The Arabian Matriarchate': June 23, 1885. Acad., 27: 459. A reply to Dr. Redhouse's Notes on Prof. E.B. Tylor's Arabian Matriarchate, propounded by him as President of the Anthropological Section of the British Association, Montreal, 1884, in Journal of Royal Asiatic Society. (Position of maternal uncle in Arabia.) Dr. Redhouse replied, June 29. Acad., 28: 14. letter, August 7.

(156) ---------- letter, August 7.  Acad., 28 : 105. (Wilken's letter in Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde van Nederlandsh-Indie. )

(157) 'Report of the Committee on the scientific examination of the country in the vicinity of Mount Roraima in Guiana'. British Association, Aberdeen, 1885. Brit. Ass. R., 690.  

1885-1898 (158) 'Reports of the Committee ... appointed to investigate the physical characters, languages, and industrial and social conditions of the North-Western Tribes of the Dominion of Canada. Appointed at Montreal, 1884'. British Association. I. Aberdeen, 1885: Brit. Ass. R., 696-708. II. Birmingham, 1886: 285. III. Manchester, 1887: B.A.R., 173-200. 233-255. V. Newcastle, 1889: B.A.R., 797-893. 553-715. VII. Cardiff, 1891: B.A.R., 407-449. B.A.R., 545-615. Short report, Nottingham, 1893: 1894: B.A.R., 453-463. X. Ipswich, 1895: B.A.R., 522-592. XL Liverpool, 1896: B.A.R., 569-591. XII. Toronto, 1897: B.A.R., 791 (title), and B.A.R., 1898, 628-688. IV. Bath, 1888: VI. Leeds, 1890: VIII. Edinburgh, 1892: B.A.R., 653. IX. Oxford,

(159) Lectures as Reader in Anthropology. University Museum, Oxford, 1885. Hilary Term : I, II, III. Early History of the Arts ,and Sciences. (Numeration—Weights and Measures.) IV, V, VI. Passages in Herodotus relating to Anthropology. (The Lake-dwellers—the Scythians—funeral rites.) Oxford Mag., 3: 44, 61, 83, 104, 126, 149. Easter Term: Development of Mythology, Magic, Games, &c. Michaelmas Term: Social and Religious Systems. (Degrees of relationship—origin of religious ideas in primitive society Animism—Animism and mythology.) Oxford Mag., 3: 387, 405, 443.

1886. (160) Article 'Salutations'. Encyclopaedia Britannica, ninth edition, 21: 235-237. (Embrace; kiss; caresses; crouching, prostration, kneeling, bowing; un-covering; grasping hands; words of greeting.)

(161) Article 'Anthropology' in A Manual of Scientific Enquiry: 5th edition; London, 1886. Art. vii, p. 225. See (31).

(162)  Lectures as Reader in Anthropology. University Museum, Oxford, 1886. Hilary Term: Mankind—their distribution, antiquity, and early condition. Easter Term: Origins of Civilization. Michaelmas Term: Modes of Expression—Gesture-signs, natural sounds, pictures; language, writing.

(163) 'Antropologia: Introducción al Estudio del Hombre y de la Civilización. Traducida del inglés por Don Antonio Machada y Alvarez ...Madrid: Falcon. 1887. 8vo. xiii + 529. Preface, 1881; special preface to Spanish edition ; select bibliography 77 illustrations.

(164) 'Review of Lang's Myth, Ritual, and Religion: 2 vols.; London, 1887'. Acad., 32: 277. (Origin of myth in early stages of human knowledge.)

(165) 'Account of a 'Witches' Ladder' found in Somerset'. British Association, Manchester, September 2, 1887; Section H. Brit. Ass. R., 900 (title only). See Folklore Journal, 5: 1-5.

(166) Lectures as Reader in Anthropology. University Museum, Oxford, 1887. Hilary and Easter Terms : Development of Arts as illustrated in the Pitt-Rivers Museum. Michaelmas Term: I, II, III. Development of Missile Weapons IV, V, VI. Origins of Ornamental Form and Decoration.

1887-1892 (167) 'Reports of the Committee appointed to edit a new edition of 1892. Anthropological Notes and Queries'. British Association. I. Manchester, 1887 : Brit. Ass. R, 172. II. Newcastle, 1889: B.A.R., 186. III. Leeds, 1890: B.A.R., 547. IV. Cardiff, 1891: B.A.R., 404. V. Edinburgh, 1892: B.A.R., 537.

1888. (168) 'Introduction to Aino Folk Tales: B.H. Chamberlain: London, 1888'. 8vo. viii + 57. B.M. [Ac. 9938/11]. (Early accounts of Aino physical characteristics; Aino language, place-names; in Japan; mythology, Japanese and native elements; folk-lore and primitive philosophy.)

(169) 'Notes on Powhatan's Mantle, preserved in the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford'. Internationales Archiv fur Ethnographie, 1: 215-217. Plate. Nature, 39: 232. (Powhatan used as Algonquin tribe name and title; Tradescant's Virginia collection; shell-work.)

(170) 'Savages': Letter on The Arithmetic of the Lower Races'. Times, September 17, 1888. (Decimal system founded on use of digits.)

(171) 'On a Method of Investigating the Development of Institutions applied to Laws of Marriage and Descent'. Public Lecture, Oxford, June 7, 1888. Oxford Mag., 6: 431. Journ. Anth. Inst., 18: 91-92.

(172) ------------ British Association, Bath; Section H. September 7, 1888. Brit. Ass. R, 840. Times, September 8, 1888.

(173) ------------ Anthropological Institute. November 13, 1888. Journ. Anth. Inst., 18: 245-272. Nature, 39: 143. (Avoidance, relation to customs of residence, teknonymy; 1 evirate; couvade Priority of maternal system; transition from maternal to paternal system marriage by capture—Relations of exogamy and classificatory system; cross-cousin marriage; relation of capture and exogamy; origin of exogamy in political considerations. In discussion:—statistical principles.)

(174) Lectures as Reader in Anthropology. University Museum, Oxford, 1888. Hilary Term: Anthropological Elucidation of Passages in Greek and Latin Authors. Easter Term: Races and Languages of the World. ------------ Public Lecture : June 7. See (170). Michaelmas Term: Race, Language, and Civilization. ---------- Report of the Reader in Anthropology for 1888. Oxford Univ. Gaz., 19: 405.

1889. (175) Anthropology: an Introduction to the Study of Man and Civilization. 2nd edition, revised. London: Macmillan & Co. ; and New York, 1889. cr. 8vo. xv + 448. Preface, 1881; select bibliography: 78 illustrations.

(176) Antropologia. Wstep do Badania Czlowieka i Cywilizacyi. Translated by Aleksandra Bakowska. 1889.

(177) Letter: 'The Fertilization of the Date-Palm in Ancient Assyria': May 31, 1889. Acad., 35: 396.

(178) 'Notes on the Modern Survival of Ancient Amulets against the Evil Eye'. Anthropological Institute, March 12, 1889. Journ. Anth. Inst., 19: 54. (Origin of face-brasses in Latin phalerae.)

(179) Lectures as Reader in Anthropology. University Museum, Oxford, 1889. Hilary Term: The Anthropology of the Higher Nations. Easter Term: The Anthropology of the Higher Nations Aryans. Michaelmas Term: Development of Religions. --------- Report for 1889. Oxford Univ. Gaz., 20: 396.

1889-1890 (180) Ten Lectures on Natural Religion. Gifford Lectureship: University of Aberdeen, December 1889 and January 1890. December, 1889. I. Introductory—Antiquity and Early Condition of Man. Natural Religion, treated by methods of Natural Science, forms a branch of Anthropology or the Science of Man, so that an introductory account of this science becomes necessary—Anthropology rests on the principle of the high antiquity of Man. The division of the human species into Races, the formation of Families of Languages, and the rise of Civilizations, being shown by the monuments of Egypt and Babylon to have already taken place as early as 3000 to 5000 b.c, a long period antecedent to this is required—Means of estimating this period given by Geology. Time required for rivers to excavate their valleys, since the early ages when Man inhabited Europe together with the Mammoth and other extinct mammals—Condition of Man in the Palaeolithic period illustrated by his rudely-chipped stone implements, contrasted with the finer and polished implements of the more modern Neolithic period—Problem how far the state of savages of the early Stone Age is represented by that of savages surviving into modern times—Stone implements of Tasmania compared with those of European drift-men—Analogy between modern and remotely ancient savages as bearing on the Development of Civilization. II. Development and Transmission of Culture. Through all branches of Culture, development depends on similar operations of mind. It is thus possible to learn, from invention and progress in material arts, the principles to be applied to the study of intellectual and religious institutions—Inventions do not arise by sudden and spontaneous efforts, but by gradual and progressive modifications—Illustration from the history of fire-arms—The directing tendency in development is often that of practical utility, but it may be some other motive—Illustration from head-dresses of Priesland—Development cannot be safely conjectured from a single stage, but requires study of the series of stages—Illustration from the history of ball-games—Method of determining whether similar arts or customs in different regions were independently invented, or derived from a common source—Illustration from certain games allied to backgammon in the Old and New World. III. Natural Theology and Natural Religion. The term 'Natural Theology' due to Varro, the Roman grammarian—Raymundus de Sabunda—Expediency as an avowed ground for belief in past ages, now discountenanced Theory of the invention of religion for political purposes untenable—Rise of the theory of Natural Religion as implanted in, or reasoned out by, Primitive Man; Herbert, Voss, Wilkins, Clarke, Butler—This so-called Natural Religion, defined as mainly consisting of Monotheism and the doctrine of Future Retribution, is an artificial extract from the religions of cultured nations, and in no way corresponds with the actual religions of the lower races—Scheme of the philosophic framework of the religions of the world: its basis in Animism or the Doctrine of Souls—The religions of low and early races exemplified in that of the Tasmanians; comparison of its doctrines with those familiar to the modern civilized world. IV. Souls. The Human Soul as defined in early stages of culture—The Australian race as representatives of Prehistoric Man—The Soul conceived as breath, blood, shadow, &c.; these terms not originally metaphorical, but expressions of primitive science—The Life-soul and the Phantom-soul; their combination; the doctrine of Several Souls of Man—The Life-soul; its departure the cause of death, trance, sickness, sleep, and dreams—The Phantom-soul ; its appearance in dreams and visions—Development of the early doctrine of Soul, and its representation in Art. V. Souls (continued). The Phantom-soul; its appearance in dreams and visions—Souls of Animals, Plants, and Objects generally—Materiality and Mortality of the Soul, as defined in Early Animism—Egyptian religion earliest recorded conceptions of Immateriality and Immortality—Later definitions of the Soul in Classic and Christian philosophy—Rise of independent Psychology. January, 1890. VI. Future Life. Existence of the Soul after death—Ghosts haunting or returning to their home or burial-place; efforts of the living to propitiate or expel them; funeral sacrifices and feasts—Departure of the soul to a distant country, mountain, or island; Western location of Region of Souls Underworld or Hades; Heaven—Life of Departed Souls—Doctrine of Continuance—New application and survival of Funeral Sacrifices—Rise of the Doctrine of Retribution; its history. VII. Spiritual Beings. Spirits pervading the world—Demons; regarded as souls of the dead, or as of similar nature—Their functions as causes of actual events; their division into Good and Evil—Demons as causes of disease the doctrine of demoniacal Possession and Obsession constitutes a primitive Theory of Medicine—Cure by exorcism—Inspiration by Demon; Oracle-possession—Familiar spirits—Belief in Witchcraft involves early explanations of real phenomena—Its supersession by Science. VIII. Spiritual Beings (continued). Souls of ancestors regarded as Patron-Spirits—House-Spirit—Guardian Genius—Festival of the Natal Genius; its survival in the modern world—Winged Spirits—The Winged Figures of Assyria—Fertilization of the Date-Palm—Hebrew Cherubim—Greek and Roman genii—Angels in Christian Art. Nature 41: 283. Science 15: 126. IX. Mature Spirits. Nature regarded in early religion as animated by Souls, or Spirits similar to Souls—Nature-Spirits; Water-Spirits, Nymphs, Nixes; Tree and Forest Spirits, Elves, Fairies—Nature Deities; Heaven, Earth, Sea, Sun, Moon, Rivers, Mountains, &c.—Polytheistic Deities; their anthropomorphic character; their transmission from one national religion to another—Supremacy in Polytheism. X. Polytheism—Pantheism.—Monotheism. Doctrine of the Supreme Deity in Polytheism; its distinction from Monotheism—Introduction of belief in a Supreme Being among uncultured races from Christianity and Mohammedanism; the 'Great Spirit'—Good and Evil Principles in Dualism— Eise of Pantheism and Monotheism—Connexion of Religion and Philosophy. See (188) 1890-9

1890. (181) 'Preface' to Ling Roth's The Aborigines of Tasmania: Halifax, 1890 B. [247194. d. 3]. B.M. [10492. f. 32]. (Tasmanians as representatives of palaeolithic man; stone-implement-making; comparison with man of Mammoth Period in Europe.)

(182) ------- 'Supplementary Note': 2nd edition; Halifax, 1899. B.M. [10492. ff. 24]. (Progress made in anthropological study of Tasmanians; implements, collection in Pitt-Rivers Museum, Oxford; comparison with European implements scrapers—plateau flints of Kent; traces of palaeolithic civilization in West Australia and New Zealand. See Early History of Mankind, p. 195.)

(183) 'Review of White's Ancient History of the Maori: London, 1889'. English Historical Review, 5: 391. (Maori myth, tradition, genealogy; Maui myth and matrilineal pedigree.)

(184) 'The Winged Figures of the Assyrian and other Ancient Monuments'. Society of Biblical Archaeology, June 3, 1890. Proc. Soc. Bibl. Arch., 12: 383-393. Plates. (Assyrian and Egyptian winged figures ' tree of life; fertilization of date-palm; significance in Assyrian nature-worship; honeysuckle pattern; influence on Hebrew, Classical, and Christian art.) See Gifford Lecture, viii. (180).

(185) Lecture: 'Anthropology'. Bristol University College, September 30, 1890.  Western Daily Press, Evening News, Bristol Times, Bristol Mercury, October 1, 1890. (Relation of anthropology to mechanics—stone implements, origin of handles; decorative art—palm and honeysuckle pattern; physics—magnet Animism; Tasmanian religion.)

(186) Lectures as Reader in Anthropology. University Museum, Oxford, 1890. Hilary Term: Development of Religions. Easter Term: Early Development of Institutions: Family and Tribe; Property; Penal Law; Government. Michaelmas Term: Elementary Anthropology.------- Report for 1890. Oxford Univ. Gaz., 21: 501.

1890-1892. (187) 'Report of the Committee appointed to investigate the habits, customs, physical characteristics, and religions of the natives of India'. British Association, Leeds, 1890. Brit. Ass. R., 547. Edinburgh, 1892. Brit. Ass. R., 615-617.

1890-1891 (188) Ten Lectures on Natural Religion. Gifford Lectureship: University of Aberdeen, December 1890 and January 1891.  December, 1890. I. Spirit Intercourse. Communication of Spiritual Beings with Man in Dreams and Visions; Incubation—Oracular Possession and Obsession; Inspiration—Remains of the Dead inhabited by the Soul; relic-worship Images associated with, or inhabited by, Spirits; Idolatry—Transition from the Animistic doctrine of Spirit acting on Matter to the scientific doctrine of Force. II. Bites and Ceremonies. Image-worship as a means of communication with deities—Prayer and Sacrifice as exemplified in the religions of lower and higher races. III. Rites and Ceremonies (concluded). Fasting—Narcotics—Temples and Shrines—Festivals—Rites kept up in sport. IV. Magic. Magic based on Association of Ideas—Symbolic practices bewitching by images, &c. Sympathetic Medicine; Evil Eye; Divjnation Astrology; Days of the Week—Relation of Magic to Animism ana its place in Development of Thought. V. Ideas of the Universe. Barbaric and ancient theories of the Universe; Heaven; Hades—The Sun's descent at night into Hades; its disappearance behind mountains—Upraising of Sky; Sun-gates—Planetary spheres; Buddhist, Moslem, Christian systems. January, 1891. VI. Primitive Society. Marriage-systems; maternal and paternal family; Marriage by capture, service, purchase ; Exogamy—Introduction of religious control into marriage institutions. VII. Primitive Society (continued). Primitive Morality independent of Religion; its apparent irregularity due to difference in circumstances and stages of development—Kinsfolk and strangers; infants; the aged and incurable—Direct and indirect acts—burying, setting adrift, immuring. VIII. Primitive Society (concluded). Transformation of Social Conduct-Gift and Trade; Vengeance and Criminal Law—Collective Responsibility Individualism—Introduction of religious control over moral and social laws. IX. Diffusion of Rites and Beliefs. Rosaries; Jain, Buddhist, Hindu, Mohammedan, Christian—Modern diffusion of accounts of a Deluge Geological myths—Methods of distinguishing native from imported ideas in the religions of the world. X. Causation in the Universe. Transition from Spiritual to Physical Theory of Nature; Newton's Principia—Theological and Philosophical Causation; Free-will and Necessity in the earlier and later stages of culture—Conclusion. See (180).

1891. (189) Primitive Culture: Researches into the Development of Mythology, Philosophy, Religion, Language, Art, and Custom. 3rd edition, revised. 2 vols. London (Oxford pr.) : Murray. 1891. 8vo. xii + 502 and viii + 471. Prefaces, 1871 ; 1873 ; September, 1891. Paging of 2nd edition retained. B. [247115. d. 38, 39]. B.M. [10007. cc. 25]. 

(190) 'History of Marriage: Review of Westermarck's History of Human Marriage ; London, 1891'. Acad., 40: 288-289. (Use of term 'marriage'; relation of Westermarck's views to those of Darwin and A. E. Wallace; 'promiscuity'; Tylor's own position on problems of primitive society (see 173); statistical method; prohibition of marriage between kindred; exogamy; aversion; patriarchal and maternal systems; sexual selection.)

(191) 'The Limits of Savage Religion'. British Association, Cardiff; Section of Anthropology. August 21,1891.; Brit. Ass. R., 800. Nature, 44: 511.

(192) --------- Anthropological Institute, November 10, 1891. Journ., Anth. Inst., 21 : 283-301. Nature, 45: 71. Times, November 21, 1891. (Errors of observation; Great Spirit; Mandan deluge-myth; gods in South America; ideas of future life—West Australian Motogon and Chenga Baiame and other deities of South-east Australia; ideas of future life Tasmanian beliefs.)

(193) 'Charms and Amulets'. International Folk Lore Congress, 1891. Trans. Internat. Folk Lore Congress: 387-393. (Guliwill from Australia; onion stuck with pins; corp-cre; witches' ladder; worm-knot; cimaruta, &c.)

(194) 'Discussion on General Pitt-Rivers' paper on Typological Museums'. Society of Arts, December 16, 1891. Journal of the Society of Arts, 40 : 121. (The Pitt-Rivers Museum; use of typological collections.)

(195) Lectures as Reader in Anthropology. University Museum, Oxford, 1891. Hilary and Easter Terms: Elementary Anthropology. Michaelmas Term : Origin and Development of Language and Writing. ------- Report for 1891. Oxford Univ. Gaz., 22: 394.

1892. (196) Anthropology: an Introduction to the Study of Man and Civilization. 3rd edition revised. London: Macmillan & Co. 1892. cr. 8vo.

(197) Sections in Notes and Queries on Anthropology: edited for the Council of the Anthropological Institute by John George Garson, M.D., and Charles Hercules Read, F.S.A. 2nd edition, London: the Anthropological Institute. 1892. 12mo. x + 242. Coloured Plate. First part entirely re-cast; second part revised and additional chapters written. xvi. Fire, 112. xvii. Invention, 113. xviii. Variation, 114. xx. Conserva- tism, 116. xxii. Writing, 118. xxvii. Religion, Fetishes, &c, 130. xxviii. Mythology, 140. xxix. Superstitions, 142. xxx. Magic and Witchcraft, 144. xxxii. Morals, 146. xxxiii. Covenants, Oaths, Ordeals, 149. xxxv. Customs, 151. xlii. Etymology, 170. xliii. Language, 171. xliv. Poetry, 174. xlv. History, 175. lx. Arithmetic, 209. See (55) 1874, (236) 1899.

(198) 'Couvade'—the genesis of an anthropological term: Letter, Nov. 2, 1892. Acad., 42: 412. Answer to letter from Dr. Murray. Acad., 42: 389. (Authority for term in French literature.)

(199) -------- Letter, Dec. 6, 1892. Acad., 42: 542. (Basque and Bearnese couvade.)

(200) 'Anniversary Address'. Anthropological Institute, January 26, 1892. Journ. Anth. Inst., 21: 396-411. (Review of recent work; plateau implements; origin of art; Malagasy art position of Berber languages; anthropological work of Wilken and Moseley).

(201) 'The Tasmanians as representatives of Prehistoric Man'. Ashmolean Society, Oxford, May 30, 1892. Oxford Mag., 10: 377 (notice). See (207) 1893.

(202) 'A Stone Age Basis for Oriental Study': Inaugural Address, Section of Anthropology: Ninth International Congress of Orientalists: London, September, 1892. Trans. Ninth Internat. Congress Orientalists, 2: 805-813. Smithsonian Reports, 1893: 701-708. (Palaeolithic Egypt; Tasmanian implement-making; Tasmanian morals, language, religion, not below normal savage level; permanence as well as development possible in culture—Neolithic culture; South Sea Islanders aborigines of Beluchistan and China; Hindu and Egyptian traditions Migration of culture from higher to lower nations; Asiatic influence in Polynesia and New Zealand.)

(203) Lectures as Reader in Anthropology. University Museum, Oxford, 1892. Hilary Term: Early Stages of Literature and Science. Easter Term: Early Stages of Science and Art. Michaelmas Term: Anthropology as related to Ancient and Modern History. --------- Report for 1892. Oxford Univ. Gaz., 23 : 626.

1893. (204) 'Folk Rhymes: Review of Baring-Gould's Strange Survivals London, 1892': and 'Northall's English Folk Rhymes; London, 1892'. Academy, 43 : 73.

(205) 'Anniversary Address'. Anthropological Institute, January 24, 1893. Journ. Anth. Inst., 22: 377-384. (Review of recent work; importance of structure of language; Blackfeet Indians, phonetics, kinship terms, &c.) 

(206) 'Remarks on a Collection of the Rude Stone Implements of the Tasmanians, showing them to belong to the Palaeolithic or unground stage of the implement-maker's art'. Anthropological Institute, March 21, 1893. Journ. Anth. Inst., 23: 52. Nature, 47: 527. (Moral level of Tasmanians.)

(207) 'On the Tasmanians as Representatives of Palaeolithic Man'. Anthropological Institute, March 21, 1893. Journ. Anth. Inst., 23: 141-152. Plates. See (201) 1892. (Early accounts of implements; mineralogical data; method of sharpening, handling, use— Comparison with European palaeolithic implements; scrapers; hafting—Degeneracy of Tasmanians—Summary of Tasmanian culture.)

(208) Lectures as Reader in Anthropology. University Museum, Oxford, 1893. Hilary Term: Anthropology of Social and Political Institutions. Easter Term: Anthropology of Moral and Religious Institutions. Michaelmas Term: Races of Mankind as classified by Language, Civilization, and History. --------- Report for 1893. Oxford Univ. Gaz., 24: 584.

(209) 'Report of the Committee on Uniformity in the Spelling of Savage and Barbaric Languages and Race Names'. British Association, Nottingham, 1893. Brit. Ass. R, 662.

1894. (210) 'T. H. Huxley as Anthropologist'. Fortn. Rev., N.S., 58: 310-311.

(211) 'On the Diffusion of Mythical Beliefs as Evidence in the History of Culture'. British Association, Oxford; Section H. August 9, 1894. Brit. Ass. R, 774. Nature, 50: 439. (Asiatic influence on pre-Columbian culture of America; Bridge of the Dead Mexican and Buddhist Journey of the Soul.)

(212) 'On some Stone Implements of Australian Type from Tasmania'. British Association, Oxford; Section H. August, 1894. Brit. Ass. R, 782.

(213) 'On the Occurrence of Ground Stone Implements of Australian Type in Tasmania'. Anthropological Institute, December 11, 1894. Journ. Anth. Inst., 24: 335-340. Plate. (Comparison with European palaeolithic implements question of hafting; description of specimens.)

(214) Lectures as Reader in Anthropology. University Museum, Oxford, 1894. Hilary and Easter Terms: Races of Mankind as classified by Language, Civilization, and History. Michaelmas Term: Intellectual Development of Mankind, Language, Writing, Arithmetic, &c.------- Report for 1894. Oxford Univ. Gaz., 25: 546.

1895. (215) 'Pleyte's Batak Tales : Review of Pleyte's Bataksche Vertellingen Utrecht, 1894' Acad., 47: 308-309.

(216) Two Lectures on 'Animism as shewn in the Religions of the Lower Races'. Royal Institution, March 28, April 4, 1895. Times, March 30, April 6, 1895. I. Accounts of the religions of savage and barbaric races—Effects of intercourse with the civilized world—Communication with foreign nations proved by Deluge-traditions, &c.—Animism of lower races reduced to its native elements. II. Classification of Religions under the Animistic system—Tasmanians as modern representatives of Prehistoric Man in the Palaeolithic period Tasmanian Animism—American Indians as representatives of Prehistoric Man in the Neolithic period—American Animism—The Classic or Graeco-Roman Stage of Animism—Comparison with the great religions of the modern world.

(217) Lectures as Reader in Anthropology. University Museum, Oxford, 1895. Hilary Term: Early Stages of Knowledge—Science, Magic, Mythology, History. Easter Term: Anthropology of Social and Political Institutions.

(218) Lectures as Professor of Anthropology in the University of Oxford. University Museum, 1895. Michaelmas Term: The Relation of Savage Life to the Higher Forms of Civilization.----- Report for 1895. Oxford Univ. Gaz., 26: 579. 

(219) ----------- Public Lecture: 'The Patriarchal and Matriarchal Family Systems'. University Museum, Oxford, October 24,1895.

1896. (220) 'Cywilizacja Pierwotna. Badania rozwoju mitologji, filozofji, wiary, mowy, sztuki i zwyczajdw'. Translated from the 3rd English edition by Z. A. Kowerska (Madame Rzad) ; with preface, biographical sketch, and notes by Jan Karlowicz. 2 vols. Warsaw: The 'Glos': F. Czernak. 1896, 1898. 8vo. iv + 433 and iii + 416. Editor's preface; biography; prefaces, 1871, 1873, 1891; notes. B.M. [10007. dd. 6].

(221) 'Introduction' to The History of Mankind. An English translation from the 2nd edition, 1894-5, of Ratzel's Volkerkunde: London, 1896. B.M. [7002. h, 3]. (Value of illustrations; of museum specimens; grouping of ethnographic collections; Pitt Rivers Museum. Decorative art of savages—Native and borrowed culture; study of material culture valuable for study of social, moral, and religious institutions—State of anthropological science.)

(222) 'On American Lot-Games, as Evidence of Asiatic Intercourse before the Time of Columbus.' In Ethnographische Beitrage ... dem Professor Adolf Bastian gewidmet zu seinem 70sten Geburtstage am 26. Juni 1896. Internationales Archiv fur Ethnographie, suppl. to ix, pp. 55-67. Coloured plate, and figures. B. [1902. c.]. (Relation of pachisi and patotti—Backgammon; Arabic form; Chinese; mentions in Sanskrit literature; later history—Early mentions of patolli; spread of game northwards; Apache lot-game; Huron game of the Bowl Iroquois game of deer-buttons—Summary of evidence.) Copy available here

(223) 'The Matriarchal Family System'. Nineteenth Century, 40 : 81-96 (July, 1896). (Patriarchal theory of primitive family; McLennan's Primitive Marriage 'promiscuity'—Maternal descent kinship; aversion—Priority of paternal or maternal system—Maternal system associated with residence in wife's family; Sumatra, Formosa, Kasia, Garo; Pueblo Indians; North America (1) social causes exogamy; peace, Queensland—Origin of maternal system: Banzai, Ashanti residence ; inheritance, the Erbtochtermann numerical strength—Effect of paternal family instinct; elopement, capture, purchase—Regularity of human action; scientific method; advantage of anthropology over other sciences in dealing with more direct evidence.)

(224) 'The Formation of the Family : Review of Grosse's Die Formen der Familie und die Formen der Wirthschaffc ; Freiburg & Leipzig, 1896'. Nature, 55 : 51. (Economic classification of mankind; division of labour between the sexes; maternal clan and family; exogamy not derived from aversion to marriages of near kin.)

(225) 'Steinmetz on the Evolution of Punishment : Review of Steinmetz's Ethnologische Studien zur ersten Entwicklung der Strafe Leiden, 1894'. Academy, 49: 49. (Law of vengeance; formalization; duel; family discipline the community; vengeance and chastisement in relation to religion ghost-fear; future punishment and reward.)

(226) 'The Hale Series of Huron Wampum Belts: Notes and addenda to Four Huron Wampum Records: a Study of Aboriginal American History and Mnemonic Symbols; by Horatio Hale, M.A. (Harvard)' ... Anthropological Institute, December 8, 1896. Journ. Anth. Inst., 26: 248-254. Figures. (Date shown to be recent by European method of drilling beads.)

(227) Lectures as Professor of Anthropology. University Museum, Oxford, 1896. Hilary Term: Ancient and Barbaric Life as related to Higher Civilization. Easter and Michaelmas Terms: Structure and Development of Language; Classification of Mankind by Language. Picture-writing and Phonetic-writing.-------- Report for 1896. Oxford Univ. Gaz., 27: 634.

(228) Public Lecture: 'North American Picture-writing, with special reference to a series of historical Wampum Belts of the Hurons'. November 23, 1896.

1897. (229) Lectures as Professor of Anthropology. University Museum, Oxford, 1897. Hilary Term: Early Stages of Knowledge—Science, Magic, Mythology, History. Easter Term: Anthropology of Social and Political Institutions. Michaelmas Term: Anthropology of Social, Moral, and Religious Institutions. --------- Report for 1897. Oxford Univ. Gaz., 28: 590.

1898. (230) 'Remarks on the Totem Post from the Haida village of Masset, Queen Charlotte Islands, now erected in the grounds of Fox Warren, near Weybridge.' Journ. Anth. Inst., 28: 133-135. Plate. (Haida genealogy.)

(231) 'Remarks on two British Columbian House-posts with totemic carvings, in the Pitt Rivers Museum, Oxford'. Journ. Anth. Inst., 28: 136-137. Plate. L'Anthropologie, 10: 230. (House-posts belonging to Haida-Tsimshian group of tribes; totem-myth Killer-Whale; conventional art; representation of embodied spirit; Killer-Whale myth and modern Indian belief in a good and evil deity.)

(232) 'Remarks on Totemism, with especial reference to some Modern Theories respecting it'. Anthropological Institute, May 24, 1898. Journ. Anth. Inst., 28: 138-148. Nature, 58: 189. A Paper arising out of the preparation of an address to a meeting of a philosophical society in Oxford under the presidency of Professor Sanday, on certain views on the anthropology of religion contained in the works of Mr. J.G. Frazer and Dr. F.B. Jevons. (Tylor's position on Totemism; his first writings on the subject, 1867; influence of McLennan—'Totemism,' existing confusion in terms—McLennan's Primitive Marriage, 1865; totems and exogamy; Worship of Animals and Plants totemism proper in North America; Long's Ojibway totem a confusion of totem and manitu; McLennan's extension of the term; origin of deities Florida, Fiji—Frazer's Totemism, 1887; Samoa; incarnation-animals; generalization in primitive philosophy; 'species-deities'; Patagonian family-deities Haida totem-clans and creation-legends—Exaggeration of position of totemism in history of religion—Jevons' Introduction to the History of Religion; hypothetical 'totem-sacraments'—Recent history of subject McLennan, Herbert Spencer; Frazer's Golden Bough; soul-transference, external soul in folk-lore—Wilken's view of origin of totems; Animism  ... of the Malay Archipelago, 1884-5 ; animal-worship; transmigration of souls—Codrington's The Melanesians; soul-transference—Baldwin Spencer's Tribes of Central Australia; exogamous system of the Arunta; churinga, local totems— Exogamy and totemism, existing independently and combined; social action of totem.)

(233) 'The Survival of Palaeolithic Conditions in Tasmania and Australia, with especial reference to the modern use of unground stone implements in Western Australia'. British Association, Bristol; Section of Anthropology. September 9, 1898. Brit. Ass. R., 1014. Journ. Anth. Inst., 28 : 199. Nature, 59: 162. (Quasi-palaeolithic character of Tasmanian implements; character of Australian implements recently palaeolithic; use of chipped stones in Australia ground stone hatchets introduced from Torres Straits; resemblance between Australian and prehistoric European skulls.)

(234) 'Speech on the final report of the Committee on the North-Western Tribes of Canada'. British Association, Bristol, September 10, 1898. Nature, 59: 162. See Brit. Ass. R., 628. See (158) 1885.

(235) Lectures as Professor of Anthropology. University Museum, Oxford, 1898. Hilary Term: Ancient and Barbaric Stages of Culture compared with Advanced Civilization. Easter Term: Anthropology of Ancient Civilized Nations. Michaelmas Term: Development of Culture—Arts of Life. ------ Report for 1898. Oxford Univ. Gaz., 29: 614.

1899. (236) Sections in Notes and Queries on Anthropology; edited for the British Association for the Advancement of Science by John George Garson, M.D., and Charles Hercules Read, F.S.A. 3rd edition. London: the Anthropological Institute. 1899. 12 mo. xii + 252. Coloured plate. Edited by a Committee of the British Association of which Prof. E. B. Tylor, F.R.S., is chairman.' Sections as in 2nd edition. See (55) 1874, (197) 1892.

(237) Lectures as Professor of Anthropology. University Museum, Oxford, 1899. Hilary Term : Development of Culture —Arts of Life. Easter Term: Anthropology in Classical Literature. Michaelmas Term: Classification of Mankind by Race, Language, and Civilization.--------- Report for 1899. Oxford Univ. Gaz., 30: 714.

1900. (238) 'The Stone Age in Tasmania as related to the History of Civilization'. British Association, Bradford; Section H. September 5, 1900. Brit. Ass. R., 897. Journ. Anth. Inst., 30: Reviews and Miscellanea, 37. Nature, 62: 636-637. (Tasmanian culture below that of Man of Mammoth Period in Europe; stone implements, arts of life, mythology; animism.)

(239) On Stone Implements from Tasmania: Extracts from a letter by J. Paxton Moir. Exhibition of Tasmanian Implements. Anthropological Institute, November 27, 1900. Journ. Anth. Inst., 30: 257-262. Plates.


(240) Lectures as Professor of Anthropology. University Museum, Oxford, 1900.
Hilary Term: Anthropology in Ancient Literature.
Easter Term: Early Stages of Civilization—Arts of Subsistence and Protection.
Michaelmas Term: Development of Language; Writing; Arithmetic. --------- Report for 1900. Oxford Univ. Gaz., 31: 672.
1900

(241) Reports of the Committee on the Ethnological Survey of 1902. Canada. British Association.
(Nominated at Liverpool, 1896; reported 1897, 1898, 1899.) 
IV. Bradford, 1900: Brit. Ass. R., 468-568. V. Glasgow, 1901: Brit. Ass. R., 409, 410. VI. Glasgow, 1902: Brit. Ass. R., 353-449.

(242) Enquiry as to 'Serjeant Bettesworth.' Notes and Queries, 9th series, 7: 127.

1901. (243) Lectures as Professor of Anthropology. University Museum, Oxford, 1901. Hilary and Easter Terms: Social, Political, and Religious Institutions of the Ancient Civilized Nations, as compared with those of Savage and Barbaric Peoples. Michaelmas Term: Race, Language, and Civilization. ------------- Report for 1901. Oxford Univ. Gaz., 32: 650.

(244) Public Lecture: Totems and Totemism, with special reference to the Totem-post from British Columbia in the University Museum. University Museum, Oxford, November 22. Oxford Mag., 20: 108.
(Origin of exogamy not in aversion but in political considerations.) See (247).

1902. (245) Antropologja. Wstep do Badania Czlowieka i Cywilizacji ... Translated by Aleksandra Bakowska. Second edition. Warsaw: Stefan Demby, 1902. la 8vo. xi + 446. Photograph; preface, 1881; select bibliography; 78 illustrations.

(246) Anthropology: supplement under corresponding headings to article in Ninth edition.
 Encyclopaedia Britannica, tenth edition, 25: 464-467. (Tasmanians as representatives of low palaeolithic man—stone implements, weapons, food, clothing, arts, language, numeration, religion, social life.)

(247) Lectures as Professor of Anthropology. University Museum, Oxford, 1902. Hilary Term: Anthropological Evidence in Ancient Literature. Easter Term: Early Stages of Civilization—Language, Writing, Arithmetic, &c. Michaelmas Term: Outlines of Anthropology. ------------- Report for 1902. Oxford Univ. Gaz., 33: 548.


(248) A Note on a Haida Totem-post lately erected in the Pitt Rivers Museum at Oxford. Man, 1902, 1. Coloured plate: illustrations. (Description use of word 'totemism'.)

(249) Malay Divining Bods. Man, 1902, 40.


(250) Memorandum on the present state and future needs of Anthropology in Oxford: in Statements of the needs of the University; Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1902. 8vo. p.70. B. [Oxon. 8vo. 692].

(251) Report from the Delegates of the Oxford University Museum (signed, on behalf of the Heads of Museum Departments). Ibid., p. 84.

1903. (252) Primitive Culture: Researches into the Development of Mythology, Philosophy, Religion, Language, Art, and Custom. Fourth edition, revised. 2 vols. London (Plymouth pr.): Murray, 1903. 8vo. xii + 502 and viii + 471). Prefaces, 1871, 1873, 1891; October, 1903. Noticeable alterations; I. 167—Vocal Tone ; II. 234-238—Totemism. B. [S. Hist civ. 21 / 1, 2] B.M. [2024. b].

(253) Lectures as Professor of Anthropology. University Museum, Oxford, 1903.
Hilary Term: Race, Language, and Civilization.
Easter Term: Development of Letters, Numerals, Weights and Measures.
Michaelmas Term: Anthropological Reconstruction of History. ------------- Report for 1903. Oxford Univ. Gaz., 34 : 560.

1904. (254) Review of Reports of the Cambridge Anthropological Expedition to Torres Straits: vol. v: Sociology, Magic, and Religion of the Western Islanders. Manchester Guardian, October 12, 1904, p. 5. (Aetiological myths and folk-lore parallels.)

(255) Lectures as Professor of Anthropology. University Museum, Oxford, 1904. Easter Term: Prehistoric Man.
Michaelmas Term: Anthropology in Ancient History. ---------- Report for 1904. Oxford Univ. Gaz., 35: 572.

1904-1906. (256) Preliminary Report of the Committee on the present state of Anthropological Teaching. British Association, Cambridge 1904.
 Brit. Ass. R., 341 (title). --------- Second Report. British Association, York, 1906. Brit. Ass. R., 701.

(257) Committee for Anthropology: Paper 1. Memorandum on the Position of Anthropology in the University. Submitted to the Hebdomadal Council, Michaelmas Term, 1904. Oxford: privately printed.


(258) Committee for Anthropology: Paper 2. Memorandum on a proposed Diploma Course in Anthropology. Hilary Term, 1905. Oxford: privately printed.

1905. (259) Introductory note to an anonymous Obituary Notice of Professor Adolf Bastian. Man, 1905 : 76.


(260) Lectures as Professor of Anthropology. University Museum, Oxford, 1905.
Hilary Term: Race, Language, and Civilization. Michaelmas Term: Origin and Diffusion of Languages. ---------- Report for 1905. Oxford Univ. Gaz., 36: 612.


1906. (261) Lectures as Professor of Anthropology. University Museum, Oxford, 1906.
Hilary Term: Prehistoric Man.
Easter Term: Race, Language, and Civilization. Michaelmas Term: Early Stages of Art and Knowledge. -------- Report for 1906. Oxford Univ. Gaz., 37: 663.
1907.

(262) Lectures as Professor of Anthropology. University Museum, Oxford, 1907.
Hilary Term: Early Stages of Art and Knowledge.
Easter Term: Races of Mankind.
Announced for Michaelmas Term: Anthropological Evidence in History (especially Classical).

-------------------

1883. Section Anthropology in Hints to Travellers, 5th ed., pp. 222-243. London, R.G.S., 1883.

1889. Section Anthropology in Hints to Travellers, 6th ed., pp. 371-392. London, R.G.S., 1889. 

Transcribed by AP February 2013