22. Report of the Curator of the Pitt Rivers Museum (Department of Ethnology and Prehistory) for the year ending 31 July 1970

Staff Changes
Within 12 months of his appointment to the Lecturership in Ethnology with special responsibility for Asian and Oceanian studies, Mr. P.W. Gathercole, Fellow of Worcester College, has been appointed to the Curatorship of the Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology in Downing Street, Cambridge, and assumes duty there on 1 October, though by special dispensation he will lecture and teach for the Department in Michaelmas Term. The question of his rcplacement had not yet been settled by the end of the academic year.

The newly created post of Assistant Curator has been filled (with effect from 1 January 1970) by Mr. Schuyler Jones, M.A., formerly of the Institute of Social Anthropology, whose special field of interest and fieldwork experience is in the cultural anthropology of Afghanistan, Nuristan, and the Hindu Kush areas of South Central Asia.

Minor Works and Equipment
The only significant Minor Work initiated during the year was the provision of a small service lift, made possible by yet another gift of £500 from the Second Sidbury Trust, to make easy access possible to the two main galleries above the Court of the Museum. The preparatory work for this installation was well advanced by the end of the year.

The only major equipment acquisition was the purchase of a second-hand Xerox 1385 Master-Maker Copier at the bargain price of £90. The application of this equipment is primarily for the making of museum labels and notices by enlargement or reduction of typewritten or drawn and manuscript originals.

Exhibitions
The first comprehensive exhibition of the ethnographic collections made by Reinhold Forster during Captain Cook's second voyage of discovery, 1772-3, long planned as the second special exhibition to be presented in the new Special Exhibition Gallery, was executed under the direction of Mr. P. W. Gathercole, University Lecturer in Ethnology, and was opened to the public on 1 May, 1970 by Sir John Wolfenden, Director of the British Museum, and proved an immediate success. Such exhibitions are of special benefit to the Museum in the stimulus which they provide to detailed scholarly research and to (often much needed) conservation studies and procedures.

Among other revised exhibitions was a new case devoted to a selection of Japanese netsuke, etc., from the Herman Gunther Collection, now satisfactorily to be seen for the first time.

Conservation
Mr. K.H. Walters, Principal Technician, attended the I.I.C. Symposium on Conservation of Stone and Wooden Objects held in New York in June 1970.

Teaching, Research, and External Academic Activities
Mr. D.F.W. Baden-Powell continued work on the Palaeolithic collections held by the Museum, on the comparison of European stone artefacts with those of Africa and India in preparation for a book on the evolution of Stone Age techniques, and has further collaborated with Mr. J.B. Campbell on a study of the cultures of the late Ice Age in Britain. The Stone Age Study-Laboratory in Norham Gardens is extending its scope, and the work of sorting, classifying, and recording more than 9,000 flint and stone artefacts (mainly Palaeolithic) from many countries goes on. A further 700 palaeoliths, mainly Clactonian,from Henley-on-Thames, have been added by Mr. R.J. MacRae to thc existing collection, which totals 4,600 artefacts from this site. This study-sample is now complete, and analysis can proceed. In addition 450 axes, tools and flakes from many British sites have been deposited by the same collector. Mr. Baden-Powell is dealing with over 4,000 specimens acquired from Ipswich Museum. These include assemblages from India (Todd), Palestine (Garrod), Egypt (Seton-Karr), Africa (O'Brien), and East Anglia and Lower Thames (Burchell).

Mr. D. Britton: In addition to his teaching duties in the field of neolithic and later prehistoric archaeology for the Diploma in Prehistoric Archaeology, Mr. Britton acted as Secretary of the Neolithic and Bronze Age Research Committee of the Council for British Archaeology.

Dr. Audrey J. Colson was granted a year's sabbatical leave for the purposes of research and writing.

The Curator served on the Council of the British School of History and Archaeology in East Africa, on the Council of the Royal Anthropological Institute, and on the Advisory Committee of the Horniman Museum of the Inner London Education Authority.

Mr. P. W. Gathercole continued research on several of the Museum's early collections from the Pacific, especially those made by Forster and the Reverend Andrew Bloxam (1825). In association with Dr. A. L. Kaeppler of the Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu (a specialist in Tongan culture), he is preparing a detailed catalogue of the Forster Collection for publication by the Pitt Rivers Museum.

Mr. Schuyler Jones, in addition to his duties as Assistant Curator, has been writing up the results of the anthropological fieldwork he has carried out in Afghanistan.

Dr. D. A. Roe. Having completed lecturing and teaching duties on the Old and Middle Stone Age for the Diploma in Prehistoric Archaeology, Dr. Roe made preliminary preparations for a major field research project on the British Lower Palaeolithic sites, in collaboration with a former student, Dr. C. G. Sampson. With a research grant from the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research, he visited East African and Zambian Lower Palaeolithic sites and began a study of the implements for publication under the auspices of Professor J. Desmond Clark and Mrs. M. D. Leakey.

We gratefully acknowledge valuable voluntary work in the Balfour Library by Mr. Robert MacKilligin and in the Museum by Mrs. Elizabeth Sandford Gunn, who has helped with preparation of the items for the Cook Exhibition and continued with the identification and accessioning of ethnographical specimens.

Miss Blackwood has attended to the requirements of visiting research workers, replied to requests for information received through the post and also spent time on the identification of specimens which visitors have brought in. The Regional, Subject and Donors' Card Indexes have again been admirably maintained by her, and she has also catalogued and labelled a number of new accessions. Once again she has served on the Committee of the Folklore Society and on the General Committee of the Field Studies Council.

Mr. John B. Campbell, Jr., completed laboratory studies, including faunal, pollen, granuiometric and stratigraphic analyses, on English and Welsh Palaeolithic material from seven sites excavated in 1968 and 1969. Carbon specimens from these sites were also accepted by the British Museum Research Laboratory for radiocarbon dating. Final processing on these and other Upper Palaeolithic studies on cultural material and environmental and chronological evidence has since been undertaken with a view to full publication

Publications
Blackwood, Beatrice. 'Museum News.' Folklore, Winter 1969.

Blackwood, Beatrice. The Classification of Artefacts in the Pitt Rivers Museum, Oxford. Pitt Rivers Museum: Occasional Papers on Technology, No. 11.

Britton, D. (with Aileen Fox). 'A continental palstave from the ancient field system on Horridge Common, Dartmoor, England.' Proc. Prehist. Society, XXXV, 1969, 220-8.

Britton, D. 'The Heathery Burn Cave revisited: an essay towards the reconstruction of a well known archaeological discovery.' British Museum Quarterly (in press).

Campbell, J.B. (1970). 'The Upper Palaeolithic Period' in J. B. Campbell, et al., The Mendip Hills in Prehistoric and Roman Times. Bristol Archaeological Research Group, Spec. Publ. No. 1, Chapter 1.

Campbell, J.B. (1970). 'Pollen analysis of the entrance deposits.' Appendix 2 in Excavation of the Dead Man's Cave, North Anston, by G. F. White. Worksop Archaeological Research Group, Publ. No.1.

Campbell, J.B. (1970). 'Preliminary report on 1969 excavations at Creswell Crags.' Derbyshire Archaeological J., 89.

Fagg, B.E.B. Review of Fagan, Brian M., Phillipson, D. W., and Daniels, S. G. H., Iron Age Cultures in Zambia, Vol. 2: Dambwa, Ingombe Hede and The Tonga (London, Chatto & Windus, 1969). Nature, 15 Nov. 1969, p. 263.

Fagg, B.E.B. Review of Lips, Julius E., The Savage Hits Back (reprinted from the 1937 edition by University Books Ltd., New York, 1966). African Affairs, 68, 273, October 1969, p. 373.

Fagg, B.E.B. Review of J. D. Clark, Kalambo Falls Prehistoric Site, Vol. 1 (C.U.P., 1969). African Affairs, 69, 274, Jan.1970, pp. 85-6.

Fagg, B. E. B. (with S.J. Fleming). 'Thermoluminescent dating of a terra cotta of the Nok Culture, Nigeria.' Archaeometry, 12, Part 1, Feb. 1970, pp. 53-5, with 1 plate.

Gathercole, P. From the Islands of the South Seas, 1773-4 An exhibition of a collection made on Captain Cook's Second Voyage of Discovery by J. R. Forster: A Short Guide. Oxford, Pitt Rivers Museum,1970.

Gathereole, P. Review of Brookfield, H.C., Pacific Marketplaces: a Collection of Essays (Canberra: Australian National University Press, 1969). Man, N. S. 5, 1970, p. 157.

Gathercole, P. Review of Green, R. C., and Davidson, J. M. (eds.), 'Archaeology in Western Samoa, vol. 1.' (Bull. Auckland Inst. and Mus., 6, 1969). Man, N.S. 5, 1970, pp. 139-40.

Jones, Schuyler. 'The Waigal "Horn Chair".' Man, 5, No. 2, pp. 253-7, with 6 plates, 1970.

Roe, D.A. Prehistory: an Introduction. 286 pp., Macmillan, 1970.

Roe, D.A. The Palaeolithie seetion of 'An archaeological survey and policy for Wiltshire.' Wiltshire Archaeological Mag., 64 (1969), pp. 1 -18.

Roe, D.A. (with J.M. Graham). 'Diserimination of British Lower and Middle Palaeolithic handaxe groups using canonical variates.' World Archaeology, 1, 3, pp. 322-42 (338-42).

Roe, D.A. (for private circulation). A Metrical Study of Handaxe Assemblages from Kalanlbo Falls, Torralba and Selected British Sites (15 pp.,8 fig.,10 tables).

Roe, D.A. Review of F. Wymer's Lower Palaeolithic Archaeology in Britain as represented by the Thames Valley, Antiquity, 43, 172 (1969), pp. 326-7.

Museum Publications
Occasional Papers on Technologv, No. 11, The Classification of Artefacts in the Pitt Rivers Museum, Oxford. (25s.)

Occasional Paper No. 10 is still in the final stages of being seen through the press and may confidently be expected during the coming year.

(Peter Gathercole). From the Islands of the South Seas, 1773-4. Pocket quarto, 25 pp. (1s. 6d.)

(Alan Villiers). Captain Jallles Cook: A Tribute. Pocket quarto,7 pp., illustr. (1s.)

Mr. T. K. Penniman has continued with documentary work on the forthcoming illustrated calalogue of the Hermann Gunther Collection of Japanese netsuke, and good progress is being made.

Accessions
The most important single collection acquired during the year was the gift by Mrs. Dorothy Ward and her family of a comprehensive collection of material culture from Sarawa and Brunei, made by her late husband, Mr. Arthur B. Ward, while serving as Senior Resident to Sir Charles Brooke, Second Rajah of Sarawak. An invaluable gift was made by Professor E. E. Evans-Pritchard of a unique collection of recordings on wax cylinders of Azande music made by him in the Southern Sudan in the 1920s. Included in this gift was an early Edison phonograph as well as a collection of slides, photographs, and negatives of Nuer and Azande subjects. We are extremely grateful to Mr. Michael Pitt-Rivers for the gift of the original metal-clad caravan used as his site office by Lieutenant-General Augustus Henry Lane Fox Pitt Rivers during his Cranborne Chase excavations. Among other valuable accessions the following gifts are most gratefully acknowledged. Miss E.M. Almcdingen: lace head-scarf, eighteenth or early nineteenth century, given by the Empress Eugénie to donor's grandmother. Mr. P.O. Arrowsmith: North Nigerian short sword, British bush knife, and an example of late nineteenth-century German pewter. Mr. C.F.C. Beeson: an early Polynesian stone adze. Mr. and Mrs. L. Bennett: musical instrument from Sarawak, plucked pipe from Mozambique, and Egyptian double pipe. Mr. J. Campbell: Palaeolithic stone point, and cast of another, from Creswell Crags, Derbyshire. Mrs. M. Cazalet: piece of tapa cloth from the Fiji Islands. Miss Josephine Chaney: model of Sir Francis Drake's ship The Golden Hind. Mr. R. Colson: embroidercd cap from the Northern Sudan, and two specimens of brass-work from the Trucial States, Arabia. Mr. W.B. Dawkins: leaf-shaped blade. Mrs. R.M. Downes: harvest trophy from Begbroke, Oxfordshire. Mr. H. Hicks: Palaeolithic flint implements. Mr. Hugh Hottot: woman's dress, Kashmir. Mr. R.J. Kennett: quiver with nine arrows. Leicester Museum: (from the Ratcliffe College Collection) Abyssinian deacon's cross, carved nut, metal dispatch case, African staff, African knife, a plaque, and a sundial. Professor Sir Wilfrid Le Gros Clark: painted wooden representation of the rhinoceros hornbill bird made by the Dyaks of Sarawak, Borneo, and a piece of fine hand-woven Dyak cloth. Mrs. D. Mayers: elaborately carved wooden stand for plants, and other specimens from India, and a European swordstick. Mr. D. Minihan: coffee pot of beaten copper and brass from the Trucial States, Arabia. Mr. Jeremy Montagu: bagpipes used in Rome during the season of Epiphany. Dr. K.P. Oakley: decorated egg prepared in Westmorland on Good Friday 1970 for the traditional 'egg-pacing', Bushman ostrich-egg water carrier. The Warden, Rhodes House: a Zulu shield. Mrs. O. Robertson: four specimens of brass work from Northern Nigeria. Mr. C.R. Stonor: a woman's skirt from the southern Abor Hills, Assam, and a flute from the Congo. Mr. P.J. Trezise: a pair of Australian clapsticks. Miss E. Torr: an imitation elephant hair bracelet. Mr. R.S. Ward: beaded bottles, knives, and carved tusks from Nigeria. Professor E.K. Waterhouse: Maori cloak, Fijian slit-gong, and a collection of photographs from Australia.

BERNARD FAGG