Report of the Pitt-Rivers Museum, 1933/34

I must again urgently call attention to the ever-increasing difficulty which arises from lack of adequate space, both for exhibition and for methodical storage of specimens. Since the Museum was started, in 1885, there has been no increase in the area available for exhibition, while the growth of valuable series needing proper scientific display has been very great.

What storage space there is, is mostly of a make-shift character, without even guarantee of permanency. The important material which has been brought together with a definite objective in view cannot be made adequately to serve its purpose, and the very severe congestion militates against carrying out my intention to improve the teaching capacity of the Museum and to organize fully its resources for research. For many years I have annually referred to the difficulties of administration due to lack of space, and every year those difficulties have increased. The demands upon the Museum as a teaching centre and for research have steadily grown, and, while every endeavour is made to meet them, it is impossible to make full use of the collections, and much time is wasted in trying to do so under conditions which impose severe limitations and defeat progress.

One of the older cases for the exhibition of fire-arms was structurally altered, so that both sides can be opened, and the contained exhibits were rearranged and relabelled. Additional drawer cabinets, underneath exhibition-cases, have enabled some redistribution of material to be carried out. Many other improvements in the exhibited series were effected in various parts of the Museum.

In the out-buildings—electric lighting was installed in the iron building. In Museum House several wall-screens were erected in some of the rooms which will be used mainly for storage.

The card-catalogue of the collection of Lighting-appliances, presented by me in 1932, was practically completed by Sir Francis Knowles, who also commenced a card-catalogue of the series of primitive Surgical and Medical appliances. I am greatly indebted to him for his valuable voluntary assistance. The cataloguing of the extensive comparative series of Foot-gear was kindly undertaken by Miss A. Powell-Cotton and is still in progress. My assistant, Mr. E.S. Thomas, has brought the existing card-catalogues of series up to date and has been engaged in making special lists of groups of Museum material.

Further progress was made in my study of the extensive collection of Tasmanian stone implements formed by Mr. Westlake. A paper on the Tandu industry and its technique in Nigeria was completed for press; and a monograph upon certain peculiar types of voice disguising ritualistic instruments was nearly completed.
 
I gave the usual courses of lectures, in Prehistoric Archaeology and Comparative Technology, to students for the Diploma in Anthropology. During Hilary Term I gave, in addition, a course of eight lectures to the Tropical African Services students, and a similar course to the students for the Malay Civil Service. Assistance was given by me to a number of people engaged in research work, whose use of the Museum material steadily increases.
 
Special visits from schools and other educational organizations were numerous, well attended, and highly appreciated, giving evidence of increasing recognition of the educative value of the Museum.
 
The list of accessions is a long one, the important donations made by Dr. J.H. Hutton, Mr. J.P. Mills, Capt. R.M. Downes, Mrs. Burrows. Capt. R.P. Wild, and Canon J.D. Payne being especially noteworthy. A full list is appended.

ACCESSIONS BY DONATION.
Two patch-work tibbehs taken at the battle of Omdurman, Sudan. Presented by Miss A. C. Roberts. Quartzite pebble roughened for the fingers, used as hammer, Kangaroo Island, S. Australia. Presented by B. Maegraith, B Sc. Pieces of local metallic tin with beads, &c., made from Jarawa Hills, N. Nigeria. Presented by D. S. Wunsch. 14 small ground stone celts, Bibiani; 25 ditto, Akwatia; 4 unfinished roughly flaked celts, NE. of Akoko; large spherical stone with perforation (unfinished) from diamondiferous gravels, Atiankama; 6 ground stone celts, Topiramang; I ditto, Takrowase; 7 ditto, Dagwin; 1 ditto, Akwatia; 2 ditto, Wioso; 1 ditto, Pusupusu; very small ditto, Tarkwa; 2 long narrow stone celts, Adjumadeum; perforated sandstone hammer, Bole; piece of grooved schist (?arrow-straightener), Matomano—all Gold Coast. Ground stone celt, Nsuta; l3 ditto, Offin R.; 3 ditto, Akrokerri; small ditto, Birrianu; 1 ditto, Pompora; 1 ditto, Wam; 3 ditto, Bekwai; 1 ditto, Oboum; much-rolled unfinished phyllite ?celt, Akrokerri—all Ashanti. Series illustrating the manufacture of bauxite beads comprising the material, bow-drill with point of umbrella-rib, block to hold beads while drilling, and string of finished beads—Bepong, Kwahu Prov., Gold Coast. Series illustrating process of stamping patterns on cotton cloth, comprising 4 wood-blocks, examples of dyes, and 2 cotton cloth bodices dyed and printed with block patterns—Wawasi, Obuasi, Ashanti. Ancient pottery pipe-bowl from an old village site, Obuasi; 3 small brass boxes for gold-dust, brass scoop for gold-dust, small brass spoon, 51 cast-brass weights for gold-dust (human, animal, bird, &c., forms and 3 with swastika designs), 2 carved wood black painted dolls carried by women to induce child-bearing, piece of block-printed and embroidered drill-cloth, Kumasi; 4 samples of dyes and a mordant (all barks), Obomposu, all Ashanti. Presented by Capt. R.P. Wild. Gourd pipe with wooden bowl for smoking hemp, Bobang tribe, Lower Ubangi R., French Congo; pair of penannular anklets with double spurs worn by horsemen, Niellim tribe, Fort Archambaut, L. Chad; 2 pairs of cylindrical ditto, Sara tribe, ibid.; finger-ring of white metal with glass bezel (?from Hausa traders), L. Chad. Beautifully carved koauau, end flute with 3 finger-stops, Maori; dance-garter of coconut fibre with long fringe of human hair, Marquesas Islands. Presented by R. Hottot.  Sword with long narrow blade, wooden sheath, and red cord sling, Burma; heavy spear for wild pig with red-filled- engraved design on blade, Bhuya, E. Bengal; 3 swords with curved fluted blades and ball pommels, India; jaw-bone of infant with string fringes worn by a mourner, Jarawa, S. Andaman. Collection of cheap copper-gilt native ornaments worn by Malayali, &c., Cochin State, S. India, viz.:— 10 types of necklet, " tiger's claw ", disk, and cylindrical necklet pendants, 2 armlets, flexible anklet, pair of ear-lobe plugs, 4 pairs of earrings, I odd ditto. Also two necklets of polyhedral brass beads, Manipuri; dao with heavy triangular blade and brass handle with red-dyed hair plume, 2 pairs of bamboo tongs, ? Thado Kuki, Manipur; dao with long razor-shaped blade and long thin iron handle, Garo; spear with triangular blade and stout bamboo shaft, ditto with leaf-shaped blade, Khasia Hills; woman's white loin-cloth worked in blue, Biete Kuki; spear with very small leaf shaped blade, rectangular shield decorated with small brass shields and red-dyed hair, Thado-Kuki—all Assam. Iron spear with long narrow blade, Naga, Hukong Valley, Burma Frontier. The following from the Naga Hills, Assam, viz:— Jointed trumpet of bamboo, 2 spears with plain shafts, 3 spears with clipped dyed goat's-hair ornament on shafts, old brown wooden stool cut from the solid from Kishethu, Sangtam; boy's cane dart with palm-spathe "feather" from Sotemi, 4 spears with shafts decorated with human hair and clipped dyed goat's hair, spear with plain shaft, Sema; 7 spears decorated with human hair and clipped dyed goat's hair, 2 spears with plain shafts, baldrick with red-dyed and white goat's hair fringe, ?Sema; 2 spears ornamented with human hair and clipped dyed goat'shair, small embroidered blue cloth bag, Lhota; spear ornamented with human hair and clipped dyed goat's hair, Naked Rengma, Melori; 2 spears similarly ornamented, similar spear, ?Rengma, Dyang Valley; warrior's cloth with white panel decorated with conventional designs in black, Rengma; spear-head, 2 spears with human hair and clipped dyed-hair decoration, Ao; spear with long blade and shaft, ? E. Angami; 3 similar shorter spears, ancient spear with 2 pairs of curved barbs, E. Angami; 2 spears with very large blades and long spikes, I ditto with 3 pairs of curved barbs on the blade, 5 spears ornamented with human hair and dyed goat's hair, l ditto of very rare type with 7 pairs of curved barbs from Kekrima, 2 spears with plain shafts, pair of baldricks with wool fringes, woven in coloured patterns, thatsu, warrior's neck-ornament with cowrie overlay and wide fringes of black and red-dyed hair, Angami; woman's blue breast-cloth with red selvages, black cloth with orange and yellow marginal bands, white cloth with pink-striped black edge-bands, similar coarser cloth, 2 spears ornamented with dyed goat's hair, pair of baldricks with wool fringes and woven lozenge pattern in colour, 1 ditto, smaller, with fringe on one side, ?Angami; 2 iron spears from Tamlu, spear with plain shaft, I I spears ornamented with human hair and dyed goat's hair, blue cloth baldrick with red-dyed goat's hair fringe from Shakchi, large bag of blue cloth elaborately embroidered in several colours from Mon, human skull mounted with buffalo horns with streamers of leaf-strip, cane strip helmet decorated with black hair crest, " horns", and a brass crescent, Konyak; conical cane-work helmet with red-dyed goat's hair crest, spear with 2 tufted bamboo tubes on the shaft, ?Konyak; spear with long blade and shaft decorated with black- and red-dyed hair, Chang; spear with shaft bound ornamentally with cane, ancient spear with black- and red-dyed hair decoration, large white cloth with pink and black stripes, Kacha; 3 spears with red cane decoration on shafts, Kalyo-Kengyu; carved ivory pipe-cleaner and stopper, Phom; rectangular black leather gabled shield, Yachumi; white baldrick with black and red woven ornament and fringes, Rengma, Tseminyu; woman's waist-cloth with red and blue stripes and worked patterns denoting sacrifice of buffalo by her husband, Naked Rengma, Sahunyu; woman's spiked iron staff, ditto with cup top, 5 old guns (3 flint-lock and 2 percussion) with native cane-work repairs, &c., and amulets attached, 6 baldricks with red-dyed and white goat's hair fringes, packet of hornbill feathers, " Naga Hills"; large, heavy, triangular-bladed dao with oblong wooden carrier, dao with long narrow blade and brass-bound and black-lacquered handle. ?Naga Hills. Presented by J.H. Hutton, D.Sc., C.I.E. Forty cast bronze " gold-weights " in the form of animals and other objects, W. Ashanti. Presented by Major J. Sydney Henderson. Three blocks of rock with designs in red ochre from a rock shelter, Bwanjai, Bukoba, NW. Tanganyika Territory. Presented by R.D.H. Arundell. Elaborate carved folding rack for hats and coats, Upper Yangtse R., China; complete writing outfit with colour cakes, &c., ibid.; necklet of 46 beads of various metals and shapes, Japan; woman's toe-peg clog sandals with silver inlay, Egypt; elaborately carved wooden spoon, ditto with linked terminal and loose balls in handle, all carved from the solid, Norway; small nephrite chisel, Maori; sheath-knife with handle and sheath of reindeer antler, Karesuando Lapp, Finmarken; palm-wood bow, Brit. New Guinea; decorated parade-axe with damascened blade, decorated axe-hammer, many-bladed engraved throwing-knife, half-socketed barbed iron spear-head, A.-E. Sudan; sword-stick, English (early XIXth cent.); long trumpet, lur, of hollowed wooden half-plates fitted and spirallybound with birch-bark, Norway; round inscribed wooden plate wilh magnetic compass, Chinese. Presented by Miss E.M. Bubb. Seven festival Christmas cakes served by a girl representing Santa Lucia, Sweden; reed tube of black eye-lash pigment, leather sheath with stile for use with above, rectangular flag- shaped plaited fan of date-palm leaf, Tetuan, Morocco; round fan of plaited and spirally wound ?palm leaf, Easter bread enclosing a red-dyed egg, string of variously-coloured glass rings to protect horses from the Evil Eye, ditto of pale blue glass, Corfu; Easter-bread of bird (?quail) form, Aosta, Italy; miniature clasp-knife and carved wooden pendant (amulets), Cettinje, Montenegro; bunch of mascots, Majorca; Easter lamb of coloured sugar, Syracuse; 7 painted pottery whistles attached to figures (horse, dog, &c.) sold at Christmas, Palma de Mallorca. Presented by Miss E. Canziani. Simple reaping-knife for millet, maize, &c., rough serrated reaping-sickle, native-made iron hoe-blade, wide hoe-blade, native-made socketed axe-blade, ditto adze-blade, ditto ditto with elliptical blade, El Fasher, Darfur; curved serrated iron reaping-sickle, Kharga Oasis, Libyan Desert. Presented by K.S. Sandford, D.Phil. Sansa with gourd resonator and 8 iron tongues and jingles, roughly carved wooden male figure, fly-whisk, sjambok of hippopotamus hide; obtained at the Victoria Falls; Ba Rotse, N. Rhodesia. Presented by Miss H. Orwin. Hollow bronze figure of Buddha from a ruined temple near Peking, China. Presented by G. McGregor. Small basket of bamboo wicker-work, Ceylon. Presented by Dr. A.K. Cyriax. Small ground stone celt, nyatne akuma broken end of scraper or rasp? of pottery or sandstone with reticulated incisions, Mampong, Ashanti. Presented by Capt. R. E. Walker. Small brass folding triangular lantern, Transylvania; small cage for singing cricket, Lisbon. Presented by L.C.G. Clarke M.A. F.S.A. Jews' harp of thin brass with palm-spathe case, Sea Dyak, Sarawak. Presented by H.G. Beasley. Sandstone morpholith, long and curved with bevelled edge, collected as a "Fuegian implement " (1880). Straits of Magellan. Presented by Donald Gunn.. M.B. Specimens collected by the late S. D. Burrows in New Guinea, viz:— Woman's fringe skirt, wapa of fibre and bark, 4 ditto of red-dyed grass, penis-sheath of dwarf-coconut shell, man's groin-guard of … shell, man's ornament of boars' tusks on bark and string-work, long decorative composite hair-comb, coronet or necklet of kangaroo teeth, carved grotesque male figure of flat wood worn by youths at initiation ceremony, 3 tops of paddles or digging sticks carved with human faces, lime spatula of black wood with bead and seed decoration, carved and painted cylindrical drum with forked base, tall hour-glass shaped drum with handle and monitor skin membrane, rattle made of a Queensland bean, basket of plaited, palm-leaves on the midrib, small basket of slit palm-leaf streamers twill-plaited, 4 small conical fish-traps lined with thorny calamus rachides, 2 archers' wristguards of sago-palm spathes, 3 slings of plaited fibre, 2 head-hunter's bamboo decapitating knives, club with perforated stone disk head and shaft coloured black and red, almond-shaped ground stone axe-blade; all Fly River district. Club with knobbed stone head, carved bark belt, kava, worn by initiated men, hour-glass shaped drum with carved designs and cut-out handle, 5 carved coconut-shell spoons, carved wooden fusiform ceremonial tablet, carved sub-oval ditto, small carved dumb-bell-shaped ditto, carved wooden disk with central hole and swastika-like design, 3 dwarf coconuts carved into ?pigs' heads used as receptacles and amulets; all Papuan Gulf district. Club with perforated stone- disk head, 2 ground stone oval axe-blades, I7 unbarbed fish-hooks, 5 trimmer-floats of palm-midrib, fish-net of fine fibre with shell sinkers and wooden floats, bamboo tobacco-pipe with burnt designs, globular lime-gourd, large ditto decorated with beads and banana-seeds with boar's tusk on the stopper, carved ebony lime-spatula, carved coconut-shell water-flask; all Massim district and E. Brit. New Guinea. 2 large bamboo bows with cane strings, 2 palm-wood ditto, 7 long painted reed arrows with Cassowary claw tips, 5 ditto with multi-barbed bone tips, 4 ditto with bone point and barks carved of one piece, 4 ditto bone-pointed with large separate barb, 7 ditto with bone blade-points and small barb, 5 ditto ditto without barb, 11 similar arrows mostly bone-pointed; all Fly River. Two bamboo-bladed arrows with carved foreshafts, 5 bone-tipped single-barbed arrows with foreshafts carved with stylized human heads, 7 ditto carved with purely ornamental designs, 8 arrows bone-pointed and single-barbed with little or no carving, I ditto double pointed, Daudai; 6 very long arrows with reed shafts ornamentally scraped and stained, with bamboo blades (3) and painted barbed foreshafts (3), ?ibid. 2 arrows with long foreshafts and many bone barbs, 6 arrows with foreshafts carved into overlapping cones, mostly with other carved ornament, 7 smaller arrows similarly carved with pink earth rubbed in, 9 long arrows with various carved and barbed foreshafts, 2 ditto spirally carved, 4 smaller arrows with slight spiral groove, 2 small arrows with a cone carved at the tip, 5 triple-pointed barbed fish-arrows, arrow with forked foreshaft and 2 bamboo blades, bird-arrow with blunt wooden point; Daudai. Three heavy palm-wood spears, 3 lighter ditto with carved designs rubbed with lime, 3 ditto without carving; Massim type. Heavy fish-spear with expanded top fitted with a cone of palm-wood points; no locality. Presented by Mrs. Borrows Combined percussion pistol and knife with brass barrel and horn handle, dug up near Cheltenham; barbed hook of salmon-poacher's gaff, River Wye, Radnorshire; miniature barbed iron spear for catching razor-shells in the sand, Fishguard,: Pembrokeshire. 3 wire-headed brass pins dug up at Newton Ferry, Outer Hebrides; carved stone panel from an Indian temple. Presented by Dr. O. Wild. Tanged and barbed flint arrowhead, found in Norham Rd., Oxford. Presented by Mrs. D. Manning. Coconut-scraper with serrated iron blade on a collapsible stool carved from a single block of wood; Dar-es-Salaam, E. Africa. Presented by J.C. Trevor. Nodule of iron pyrites found with 3 others in plaster under the roof of a cottage, evidently regarded as "thunder-bolts" and placed there as a protection from lightning; Shaw, near Newbury, Berks. Presented by Rev. P. Williams M.A. Modern sling of plaited coloured wool, double composite hair-comb, brass spoon with pointed handle for tooth-pick, &c., Bolivia; 7 rough stone arrowheads, Antofagasta Pampa, Chili; 14 small tanged and barbed arrowheads of quartz, obsidian, &c,, found on the surface, Tiahuanacu, Titicaca region, Peru. Also the following from an ancient grave at Quillagua, Rio Loa, N. Chili, viz:– Two hand-made pottery flasks, one with face on the neck and suspension loops, 2 plain pottery bowls, small globular pot for pigment or cosmetics, 2 small wooden pigment-pots, a double wooden ditto, small wooden paint-box with lid of membrane, round coiled basketry tray, ditto with black and red designs, 2 wooden handles for carrying pots, bowl of a wooden spoon, stone spindle-whorl, curved pointed wooden tool ? for modelling pottery, 2 palm-wood pins, parts of 6 arrows (3 with remains of feathers), double-barbed bone harpoon-point, 2 barbless ditto, barbless copper fish-hook, 2, composite double combs, 2 notched end-flutes with 5 stops of ? vulture wing bone; part of a composition mummy-mask, 2 tassels of animals' tail-tufts, 4 short cords of plaited grass, wooden peg perforated at the top, small net bag. Presented by Mrs. Jones. Necked ring-vase with cut-paper ornament made of membrane layered over a clay cone afterwards removed. Rajputana. Presented by F.F. Monk. 2 composite bows, China; raincoat of grass on network, Japan. Also objects collected by donor in Brit. E. Africa, viz:— 6 carved and painted shields worn on the arm by boys under-going initiation, wooden armlet with highstanding loop, knob-headed club, hide quiver with g poisoned arrows, 4 painted hide shields, 6 hide shields, Kikuyu; short-sword, sime with hide sheath, Nandi, Kenya Province; boy's shield of parallel sticks, Lumbwa, E. Prov., Uganda; large hide shield, pottery jar with rounded base, Jaluo, S. Kavirondo. Club with enlarged pointed head, rough wooden 5-stringed lyre, 2 large, deep, round baskets. Presented by Major J.G. Le Breton. Specimens collected by donor in N. Nigeria, c. 1932, viz:—End-flute of wood with horn bell-mouth and 4 large stops, the whole encased in leather, side-blast trumpet of antelope's horn with terminal stop, very large lute with body of a large calabash, with 3 hide strings and jingle-plate of iron rings, monochord fiddle with gourd body covered with monitor skin and cord and bow of horse-hairs, Gwari, Kuta Chiefdom; similar fiddle with hide cover and jingle at the top of the neck, lute similar to the above described but smaller, Gwari, Riga Chikun Chiefdom; 2 short notched bamboo end-flutes with 2 stops, very small side-blast trumpet of bush-buck's horn with terminal stop, Gwari, Guni Chiefdom. 3-stringed lute with hide-covered wooden body and horse-hair strings, Hausa, Zaria Province; 5-stringed wooden harp covered with hide, with iron wire strings, Fort Lami, French Sudan. Presented by Capt. W.R. Crocker. Plaited woollen tump-line for carrying loads, Ancient Peru. Presented by Capt. A.W. Fuller. Specimens collected by donor from the Tiv (Munshi) of Benue Province, N. Nigeria, viz.:— Iron-bladed dagger, elaborately mounted dagger with sheath and arm-ring hung with brass pellet-bells, iron parade-axe, the hilt mounted with brass head and pommel, massive brass armlet with pellet-bells, heavy brass finger-ring with bird design in relief, iron ember-tongs for lighting pipes (worn on the neck), wooden beer-ladle with burnt designs, 7 gourd bowls (one lidless) with burnt designs. Also the following cult ritual objects, viz.:—2 carved figures male and female (atsuku) smeared with cam-wood powder and used in hunting-rituals, 2 pottery human heads to "house" ancestral spirits, very large musical rasp with wooden tray resonator (ivu-ul) rasped with a cow's jaw and used in ritual to expel evil spirits, single membrane drum gbande used with the rasp; wooden figure of a leopard (tribal totem) placed by the ivu-ul; abume bull-roarer to scare evil spirits, horn of small buffalo "danced" with others round a diviner to induce hypnosis, pair of divining chains, agbendi of snakes' vertebrae with crocodile scutes and beads used for divination by inspecting the scutes when thrown, similar agbendi with mango seed-shells instead of the scutes, serum chain by which a healthy person who has died magically (by drowning, &c., or unknown cause) is dragged from the grave to be eaten for ceremonial or magical purposes, ikbande mat for the body of a child sacrificed and eaten as above. igbe leopard-skin disguise worn during rites to expel evil, quiver of poisoned porcupine quills to kill an enemy by mimetic magic. Also a mall hand-made pottery jar found (1930) by engineers 30 ft. below river-bed level in a water-worn niche in the rock , Benue R., Makurdi, Benue Prov. Presented by Capt. R.M. Downes Fountain pen for melted wax used in batik work, Java. Presented by L.H. Dudley Buxton D.Sc. Morpholith dug up at Holwell, Sherborne, Dorset, resembling a fossil human skull. Presented by Mrs. Beatrice Warren. 4 carved wooden clubs, Fiji lslands. Presented by A.T. Collier Small gourd with burnt ornament and ? silver bombilla for drinking mate tea, S. America. Presented by Lady Evans. Friction-drum with internal friction-stick formerly used to summon people for war, and now only for dances; almost obsolete, Balamba, Ndola, N. Nigeria. Presented by Capt. T.S. Fox-Pitt. Diple, double clarinet cut from one piece of wood, the mouth-piece carved with a human face, Kerka River Falls, Dalmatia; engraved wooden drinking-cup with large flange-handle, Casa, Popovici, Slavonia (1875). Presented by Sir Arthur Evans M.A. D.Litt., F.R.S. Flint scraper of Moustierian facies from Bradley Farm Quarry, Cumnor. Presented by R. Brown. Globular hollow flint such as oven lamps were made from Berkshire Downs, flint "scraper" made by donor by percussion only, ditto made by percussion and pressure flaking, quartz hammer used for the above, 2 leaf-shaped blades of Brandon flint flaked all over, made by donor. Roughly trimmed flint implements and flakes, found on the surface at Higworth Farm, Hayling Island, 5 scrapers and flakes, part of a flaked celt, 9 end- and side-scrapers, a nozzle-scraper, and trimmed and untrimmed flakes, all probably neolithic, from brick-pits, Rustington; flint implements (3 scrapers, flakes, and a flaked nodular flint), ibid. and Clapham Corner; 3 flint implements from a ploughed field, Toddington, Littlehampton; I3 ditto (6 scrapers, 3 worked points, and 4 trimmed and untrimmed flakes),Yapton; core-wedge from brick-pit, Barnham, Sussex; flint scraper and trimmed flake, Radley. Hand-axe made of a large outside boulder flake, roughly flake-trimmed (cleaver type), from a bora Wangwibinda. Near Armidale, New South Wales. Presented by Sir F. Knowles Bart. Specimens collected by Rev. Dr. S. W. Payne, R.N. (chaplain, H.M.S. Curacoa) in the S. Pacific (1855), viz.:— 2 throwing-clubs, ula with ball heads (one elaborately carved), 2 ? basalt adzes bound with sinnet to angled hafts, hand-adze for bread-fruit of turtle carapace, large 4-legged kava bowl cut from the solid, similar smaller ditto, very small ditto, round shallow wooden kava-scoop with short handle (rare), five-pronged "cannibal-fork" of palm-wood strips (rare), all Fiji Islands. Narrow light wooden shield with black and red painted relief carvings (the back used as "hearth" for firemaking by "ploughing" method), ~ sharp-edged paddle-headed wooden clubs, 4 spatulate ditto, 3 shells used as canoe ornaments, 3 coconut water-flasks (2 with pearl-shell "eyes"), small wooden elliptical food-bowl with handles; long glaive-club with curved flat doubled-edged head, ditto with carved human figure on handle, 3 miniature ditto for dances carved and engraved with fish, birds, &c., pointed paddle with lanceolate blade and crutch handle, San Cristoval; all Solomon Islands. 2 carved painted clubs with canoe-shaped heads, Santa Cruz. Slender club with star head, New Hebrides. Double-ended wooden pudding-knife, Banks Islands. Gourd water-vessel in sinnet net-work, Loyalty Islands. Bamboo tobacco-pipe (New Guinea type), ?Melanesia. Also, from S. Africa, knobkerry with asymmetrical carved ballhead; pair of dance-rattles of fruit-shells worn below the knee, ?BaRotse. Presented by Rev. Canon J.D. Payne M.A. Ornamental wooden spoon with chain, carved of one piece of wood, Norwegian; bamboo tobacco-box with engraved and scraped designs, Seman, Perak; ketet box of wood and hide for holding fur garments, Nandi, Kenya, E. Africa; bowl-shaped temple-gong of bronze (Yuen dynasty), large bronze urn, the surface hung with 99 bronze rings (a lucky number), Manchuria; lacquered pillow, Chinese origin; necklet of animal's incisor teeth, Brit. New Guinea; lime-spatula with chevron designs, Massim, New Guinea; bow made of riveted staves of baleen of unusual type, ?Asiatic; miniature palm-wood bow with reinforcing string, British Guiana; piece of fossilized wood and piece of kauri gum, New Zealand; girl's fringed and beaded waist-belt with flap, Zulu; 2 arrows with socketed blades and palm-leaf " feathering ", Equatorial Pygmies, C. Africa; begging-bowl of Seychelles coconut, Hindu. Root of Black Bryony brought in by a labourer of Headington, Oxford, as a "mandrake" of magical potency (1916), 17 ?bronze coins of Ptolemy and 12 Roman and Greek coins showing disk form imperfectly developed. Outfit of a modern gun-flint maker including-hammers for quartering, flaking, and knapping, block and stake for knapping, ox leg-bone stake-cover, iron pick-head for quarrying flint, and 7 "facing flints" for walls made by Fred Snare; large flint cone-of-percussion, 2 ditto with replaceable negative cone, and 2 complete flint rings all made by Fred Snare, Brandon, Suffolk. Flint flake with complete cone-of-percussion in place of bulb, long flint flake showing marginal convergence following the ridge of previously formed flake-scars. Old iron ratchet pot-hook or "hangle", swinging iron grilling-hanger, large iron ''fagging-hook", Devon; hob-nailed leather boot (late medieval) dug up in Oxford (1920); early iron horse-shoe and iron claw-hammer, same data. Presented by H. Balfour M.A., F.R.S. F.S.A. Long club with knobbed stone head, Cloudy Bay; miniature carved spatulate club, small betel-nut mortar with carved pestle, lime-spatula carved with human figure, 2 ditto with carved flanges at the top, I ditto slightly carved, Trobriand Islands; I bone ditto with bead ornament, shell nose-bar, D'Entrecasteaux Islands; triangular wooden hair-comb, Woodlark Islands; carved coconut shell spoon, 3-pronged wooden comb with carved human face, dwarf coconut carved into a pig's head, in a string bag (amulet), Orokolo; small lime-gourd with burnt designs, Rigo dist.; 2-pronged bone comb with feathers at the top, Purari Delta; necklet of cone-shell bases, Tatana Island, Port Moresby: musi kaka, large ornament of turtle-shell with large shell eyes and covered with red (abrus) and black seeds with edging of boar's tusks, held in the teeth when fighting, Koiari, near Warirata; 2 cone-shell armlets with black seeds and bead ornament, 2 armlets of trochus shell, 2 currency-sticks of trade tobacco, 2 ear-rings of coconut-shell edged with coix lacryma seeds: all British New Guinea. Ornament of Pteropus teeth and trade beads with turtle-shell spacers, Solomon Islands; necklace pendant of a small whale-tooth, Gilbert Islands; stone adze-blade from a grave, pair of poi balls used in dances, lump of kauri gum, New Zealand. Girl's bead-work belt, Kafir, S. Africa; rice-reaping knife, Malay type; wooden ladle with coconut-shell bowl, 7 Malayan; painted wooden doll elaborately dressed, English; jointed marionette figure of an ? Indian juggler with balls juggled when worked with strings, no locality. Presented by Miss E.E. Gage-Brown. Pair of flint-lock pistols, heavily rifled and silver inlaid, English. Presented by P. Elford M.A. Cup of bucchero ware with loop handle dug up at Orvieto, Etruscan. Presented by Miss K. Balfour. Small sansa with 9 iron tongues and gourd resonator; Transkei natives, S. Africa. Presented by Sir Charles Sherrington O.M. G.B.E. F.R S. Slender barbless bronze fish-hook (XIIIth cent. A.D.), 2 large barbed iron ditto, c. A.D. I850, Antwerp; 2 brass pins with wire-wound heads, (XVIth cent. A.D.), I ditto with riveted head (XVIIth cent. A.D.), bronze pin of folded flat metal for repairing kettles, &c., Termonde: Belgium. Presented by Dr. G.L.P. Hasse. Long-barrelled smooth-bore flint-lock musket, smooth-bore percussion musket with hinged back-sight, percussion rifle with octagonal barrel and hinged back-sight, ditto with hinged. back-sight and tubular foresight; all muzzle-loading: English. Presented by Gifford Ambler. 5 cores of agate, flaked and so apparently used as implements, near Columbus, Ohio, U.S.A. Presented by Emerson F. Greenman. Stone implements collected at Namarua, Winton, Queensland, viz.: 2 hand-axes ground to a cutting-edge, rough ovate blade flaked all over with traces of grinding, ovate ? hand-axe ,bevelled by battering to an edge (? unfinished), flake from a ground stone implement, delicately trimmed (? borer), spheroidal sandstone pounder, parts of 2 rubbing-stones, flakes of various stones used by natives, piece of ochreous stone (source of yellow ochre). Presented by R. C. Knowles. Rectangular heavy wooden board with short handle, found in a marsh, Austral Islands; tablet of palm-leaves with simple designs (an ideographic script) on one side, E. Pacific. Presented by W. Scoresby Routledge, M.A., F.S.A. Warrior's belt of bark overlaid with plates of metal, ? Konyak, Naga Hills, Assam. Presented by the Rt. Hon. Sir John Simon, G.C.I.E., &c., &c. Brass " fire-devil " in the form of a bird on a water-boiler, the beak forming a fine jet for the steam to blow up a fire, S. Tibet or ?Darjiling. The late Mrs. E.E. Pope, bequest. 44 water-colour sketches of S. American peoples (made early in XIXth cent.). Presented by Miss Wakefield. Adjustable dram measure for gun-powder charges (XIXth cent.), ditto ounce-measure for shot (xixth cent.), felt wads for breech-loading cartridges (XIXth cent.), hand machine for turning in the open end of pin-fire cartridges after loading, English. Presented by R.T. Gunther M.A. Coloured plaster-cast of a realistic elk's head found in a Late Neolithic site, Huittinen, Satakunta Prov., SW. Finland. Presented by the National Museum of Finland. Specimens collected by donor in the Balkan States, viz.:—Carved wooden end-flute with 6 finger-stops, Djakova. Carved and engraved ditto ditto with cleaning and oiling rod, Devich Monastery, Kosovo, wooden spoon with hinged folding handle and whistle (to call attendant), Berat, elaborately carved Spoon, Scutari, leather tobacco-pouch with flint and steel, Duragini tribe, wooden mouthpiece of a hookah used as a cigarette-holder, Kroja, silk spindle with wooden whorl, Tirana, pistol ramrod containing ember-tongs for pipe-lighting, Scutari, dental forceps of iron made by gipsies, ibid., furka distaff of the Moslem Albanians of Gusinje, ditto of the Christian Shala Albanians, Thethi, leather bag for wool ball when spinning, all Albania; 4-stringed lute tamboritza of the Moslem Albanians, Ochrida, Macedonia;frula,wooden flageolet with 6 stops and wide mouth-piece, Sarajevo, wooden salad-spoon and fork inlaid with sllver wire, ibid., clasp-knife with goat's horn handle, all Bosnia; double wooden flageolet carved in one piece with fipple mouthpieces, floral pattem, and 3 and 4 finger-stops, Belgrade, Serbia; wooden tobacco-box carved with arms of Montenegro, clasp-knife with chased silver hilt (part of a bride's outfit), Niksic, gusle, monochord fiddle with bowl-shaped body, the neck carved with heroic and symbolic emblems (horseman, lion, &c.), Njegushi; all Montenegro. Presented by Miss M.E. Durham. Specimens collected by donor among the Ibo tribe, S. Nigeria, viz.:— Locally made kitchen-knife used by women, ditto small surgical knife also used for painting designs on the body, ditto iron eyed needle, woman's ornamental bone hair-pin, small lidded case of palm-leaf for cowrie money, long palm-frond rattle of seeds in plaited capsules wound on the leg for dancing, woven vari-coloured bag of palm-leaf fibre, elephant's-hair armlet with carved ivory elephant pendant, bamboo bull-roarer , (? Ibo). Presented by Miss W.B. Yeatman Specimens collected by donor in Egypt, viz.:— Serrated iron sickle, frankincense eaten by women to sweeten the breath, penannular iron anklet worn by a pregnant woman who has lost children, smaller ditto worn by a child as protection from the karineh folded inscribed palm-leaf strip worn by a child to cure a cough. Purpura shell hung outside a house-door to keep away owls, Cairo. Open-work basket only made at El-Allam and Ibshwai; ancient potsherd (?XVIIIth dyn.) with imprints of cords to support pot before baking, set of 3 glass phials in a silk bag for eye-paints, wooden model of siga "board" and pieces, reed pen for writing charms, woman's necklet-amulet of red composition-beads with crescent and star pendant, camel's hair bound on the head and stomach to cure a child's cough, alum rubbed on the brow of a child and burnt to cure effects of the Evil Eye, shell of a freshwater mussel moistened and rubbed with a black stone to produce "milk" to cure sore eyes, 2 small wax male and female figures used in black magic, "corn-bride", arusa, made of plaited corn ears kept for luck and to promote fertility, El-Lahun; all Fayum. 2 imitation date-stones ("dates of jealousy") to prevent young children being jealous of a new-born child, Meir, Asyut; 2 acorns for the respective sexes used as above, Dashtut; brass pellet-bell to protect a child from the Evil Eye, Beni Suef; hen's egg dyed red used in special games on Coptic Easter Monday and sometimes at Moslem mulids Upper Egypt. Presented by Miss W.S. Blackman Four flint flakes of Clactonian type with cone-bulbs, Twydale, Gillingham, Kent. Presented by A.S. Barnes. Specimens collected by Rev. R. H. Tutty of Kieta, Bougainville, Solomon Islands, viz.:— Two ground stone adze-blades, adze-blade of Terebra shell for hollowing canoes, belt of fine woven fibre, St. Matthias Island, Melanesia; currency-string of rough shell-beads, small ground stone celt hafted in the bend of a cane and bound and cemented with putty-nut, ? Bougainville (E. Coast), Solomon Islands. Presented by Miss B. Blackwood B.Sc. M.A. Shirt of chain-mail with riveted links, Kano, N. Nigeria. Presented by J.M. Fremantle M.A. Musical instruments collected by donor in N. Nigeria, viz.:— Small single-membrane drum, Turu, with pedestal body, sometimes sung or whistled into at the open end, pair of primitive clarinets, tsiriki of corn-stalk with open ends and reed cut near one end to blow horizontally, used as dog-calls in hunts, Hausa, Sokoto; kura of corn-stalk, perforated and whirled on a string, used as above, Hausa (Katsina), sahundu, buzzer, made of a slip of palm-wood ,worked with a cord-loop through 2 holes, Yoruba (Kabba, Nupe). Presented by P.G. Harris. Wooden foldingsun-dial used by Basque herdsmen, Pyrenees. Presented by W.H.B. Somerset M.A. Four partly ground basalt adze-blades, Savaii Island, Samoan Islands. Presented by J. W. Gray F.G.S. Specimens collected by donor in the Naga Hills, Assam, viz.:— Two figurines, male and female, of grey stone with wool ear-ornaments and costume details in black, white, and brown paint, side-flute of green bamboo with one finger-stop, barber's triangular composite comb of bamboo, young man's large wooden fighting-top with cord, model house-ornament panel with carved mithan (buffalo) heads, woman's small blue red-edged body-cloth, woman's faded black skirt with white lines, 2 dolls made of maize-heads and black cloth used as house ornaments, 5 toy mithan heads of folded palm-leaf strip, toy models of conch-shell ornaments (snail-shells), pair of bamboo toy bracelets, boy's grass toy model of a man's dress-belt, toy bird of plaited bamboo strip, toy hoe with wooden blade, toy sledge for dragging memorial stones in play, bamboo toy gun with cane spring and trigger, toy model of a log rice-beer vat, toy model of a plank carved with mithan heads (house-front of a man who has sacrificed mithan), toy model of dhan pounding-board, boy's doll of carved flat wood, bamboo spoon with notched handle, 3 spherical house-ornaments of bamboo representing a tree-wasp's nest, highly conventionalized figure of a hornbill carved out of a stick, model of a drinking-horn (house-ornament) of wrapped palm-leaf, necklace of cane, wood, and pith, and 2 models of carrying bands (house ornaments), puzzle made of a cane and 2 string loops with a bead on each, well-made model of a panelled house-front with door and 4 panels carved with human and mithan heads, puzzle of 2 interlocked cane-strip loops with a string-loop to get free, bamboo guard for a sore shin, black cloth with blue and white lines worn by youths and girls on feast-days, warrior's long ear-pendant of black human hair and red cane-strip, warrior's (head-taker's) neck-ornament of cowrie-covered canvas with a fringe of black- and red-dyed hair and a hair-tasselled (red, white, and black) carved human " bust " as pendant, E. Angami; bamboo-strip winder for making cotton-wool ear-p!ugs, W. Angami; magic bundle of earth, hair, and leaves, of symbolical potency, for laying a curse on a village, fuse of rolled cane-bound bark to carry fire to the fields, rice-beer strainer to admit clear liquor on the vat surface, Rengma; herdsman's long trumpet of graduated bamboo tubes with gourd trumpet-mouth, side-flute of long-noded cane with one stop, man's double comb of splints bound to a long wooden pin, woman's ditto of splints clamped and neatly bound, beer-drinking ladle of a small long-necked split gourd, 2-pronged iron hook for taking meat from the pot, boy's fusiform wooden top, man's dance waist-cloth of white with fringe edged with coloured needlework, ginger-grater of a cane with natural excrescences, triangular bone spoon for use when the hands are very dirty, young man's necklet of red and yellow cane- and orchis-strip with red-dyed goat's hair and wool and green beetle elytra raider's ear-circlets with red-dyed hair fringes, very long ear-pendant of a green moss with tasselled inflorescence, small toy model of a conical carrying-basket, 3 syrinx pipes (boy's) of cane stem bound with leaf, cane-strip hoe with tied crossed ends, cylindrical bamboo tinder-box with cap-lid containing steel, flint, and tinder, stoppered bamboo tube for "nicotine water ", collar of bark overlaid with yellow and red cane with cowrie ornament and 2 long tassels of strings of alternate red and white lengths of quill with cowrie terminals, worn by one who has taken a head (probably unique),imitation in red wool of an ornament of red-dyed hair, worn by a man who has not taken a head, Naked Rengma; woman's indigo cloth with white stripes, woman's skirt with red bands and blue stripes and blue, red, and yellow lines and cross-lines Burma frontier), man's blue cloth covered with red-dyed dog's hair squares, Kalyo-Kengyu; woman's indigo skirt with grey panel, skirt of wife of a man who has sacrificed mithan of indigo with grey side-panel and cowries sewn on in designs, rich woman's indigo skirt with red bands, bright blue selvages, and cowrie designs, cloth of a man who has sacrificed mithan with black and white bands and woven red and black lozenge design, rich girl's blue cloth with white lines and embroidered white bands, bait-holder of grass stems for a bird-trap, all Sema; woman's white puttees worked in black and pink lines, pair of pig's trotters on a stick used by boys to make tracks in a hunting game, tattooing tool of lemon thorns in a plant stem and mallet of plant stem, set of cane-slips for applying tattoo-pigment, strainer-spoon for eating the rice in rice-beer, porcupine-quill prick for making spathe buttock-pads worn by women carrying water, currency-string of threaded pieces of cane and chank-shell, girl's necklace of grass-stems, S. Sangtam; carved wooden face with horns and ear-ornaments of hair, hung in a new morung (communal house) until a real " head " is got to replace it, Independent Ao; pair of 4-branched stiff tassels wrapped with red and black thread, worn on the head by one who has killed an elephant, Thado-Kuki. Also the following:—Large heavy white cloth of a man who has sacrificed mithan Memi Naga; woman's blue cloth worked with red and white " asterisks " with tassel-fringe of red-dyed goat's hair, girl's scarf and waist-cloth of white with woven and worked patterned ornament in colours, with fringe, Kabui Naga; " elephant-cloth ", samphi of indigo with red selvages, embroidered with conventional designs of animals, &c., in red, white, and yellow, Imphal; all Manipur State. Indigo cloth with red and white lines and cross-lines worn by a man who has given all the feasts of merit, woman's indigo skirt with elaborate woven white designs, Lushai, Lushai Hills. Four ground stone celts, Nungru, Sadiya Frontier Tract. Oval tobacco-box of shaved bamboo, Chulikata Mishmi, Upper Assam. Presented by J.P. Mills M.A., I.C.S.

ACCESSIONS BY PURCHASE.
Series illustrating the making of flasks of membrane moulded over a clay cone in Lucknow, India, viz:—Hollow clay cone, ditto with membrane overlaid, 7 finished vessels of various sizes. (J. Hutton D.Sc. C.l.E.) Pointed flint implement with crust-covered butt (chellean type), Wolvercote, Oxon. (G. Warrington.) Ancient Peruvian objects, viz:—2 tall painted beakers, bowl with painted serpent designs, ditto with bird designs, small ditto with conventional figure, 2 pieces of tapestry with geometrical patterns (one in colours), fragment of embroidered polychrome cloth, all Nasca; band of tapestry with multiple warp in 3 colours, Paracas; fringed polychrome tapestry panel with grotesque animal and other designs, Tiahuanacu; 2 notched flutes of reed with 7 stops (one with burnt designs), bunch of coloured yarns, woven bag for coca leaves with coloured lozenge designs, large piece of brown cloth with open-work designs, ditto of cloth in lozenge patterns (double warp), patchwork piece of cloth dyed in patterns by "stopping-out " process, fragment of tapestry with fret- and other designs, embroidered and tapestry bands with coloured bird, &c., designs, band of double warp stuff with zoomorphic designs, bands woven in conventional red and yellow designs, long belt with bird designs and panel worked with red birds on white, long belt with fret designs, and band of red cloth with worked zoomorphic designs, piece of an open work tapestry band, miscellaneous textile fragments. Long thorn pins with and without natural heads, wooden ? pin with large head, silver hair-pin with spatulate top, 2 copper ditto, flat copper pin or spatula, 4 long needles with eyes, stout needle with large eye, 6 spindles with whorls, 15 painted spindle-shafts and 32 plain ditto, 2 tapered rods with deep communicating grooves on opposite sides with seeds to run loosely in them and one with carved monkey at one end, 12 bamboo rods flat and pointed at each end, barbless copper fish-hook, small steatite ring. 6 strings of stones, shell, &c., beads, necklet of black and red beads, ditto with small pearl, shell, and red stone plaques inset with turquoise, 2 small pear-shaped white and black stone pendants; all from graves. Five bowls painted respectively with leaf, crayfish, mythical figure, and conventional bird (2) designs, wide-mouthed beaker with modelled and painted human face, globular jar with loop-handles painted with grotesquebird-human designs, double-necked flask with painted humming birds; Nasca. Also pottery end-flute of " ocarina " form with 3 stops and moulded demon figure, Quiche, Guatemala; plain drilled stone tube, ditto with terminal cross-fluting, pendant made of a stone tube ground down, conventional stone figure drilled at the ends, small grotesque pottery figure (?fertility charm), bird-shaped pottery whistle with 2 stops, ditto tortoise-shaped with 4 stops, ditto in form of grotesque human figure. (Puttick and Simpson.) Carved wooden seated figure with tattooed face and chest, Konyak; cane wrist-cuff overlaid with cowries, ?Ao; bag made of a bear's foot with hair and claws, all Naga Hills, Assam. 2 carved human figures, Bahr-el-Ghazal, S. Sudan, ebony figure holding a staff, French Camerun. 3 hard-wood clubs, British Guiana; ceremonial palm-wood spear with blade-like head and carved barbs, Upper Amazon; 2 obsidian-bladed spears (one with an unusual obsidian barb), Admiralty Islands; long spear with cassowary-claw tip and fish-spine barbs, 2 light spears with leaf-wrapped butts and feather ornament, 2 clubs with elliptical stone head, New Britain; bamboo spear with long foreshaft and leaf blade of palmwood, New Hanover; fusiform perforated shell weight on a cord for capturing frigate-birds, Gilbert Islands; painted wooden dance-club with expanded head, Santa Cruz Islands; spear cupped for spear-thrower with carved confluent barbs, N. Australia; Maori feather-box carved all over; plain wooden tapering spear, ? New Zealand; long palm-wood spear pointed both ends; Massim, New Guinea; sling of coarse cord, Sierra Leone; small bow with cane string & I2 small arrows "feathered" with leaf, 6 with plain pointed, 6 with barbed iron heads, Pigmy tribe, forest region, C. Africa; single-membrane drum with carved tubular body and handle in human form, needles, striker, and wood-block pattern used in tattooing, Sarawak Borneo; woman's small curved sheath knife worn in the hair Java; needle-case of reindeer antler and leather, Lapp, Finmarken. The following from Orokolo, British New Guinea:—4 dwarf coconut amulets carved as ? pig's heads. Large bull-roarer carved with double-ended human figure, ditto forked and carved with crocodile, ditto carved with human and crocodile figures, tablet carved with nude human figure, ditto carved and paintcd with crocodile figure and pattern on respective sides, carved and painted staff with stylized human head, long narrow ritual tablet covered with bark-cloth with relief patterns of applied leaf midribs painted red and white, 2 bark belts (kava) carved with patterns, long wooden forked fishing-trimmer carved with human stylized face with triple knotted line (the central one for bait, the others to catch the gills of the fish). (Hooper.) Large stone tea-pot elaborately mounted in brass and copper, long narrow paper scroll (? from a prayer-wheel), paper-sheet block-printed with 3 stupas and text (Lamaistic), ditto with demon and inscription in a circle, long straight single-edged sword with khud-stick scabbard, ditto almost straight with iron pummel, Tibet; 2 single-edged short swords, the hilts brass-mounted and scabbards covered with leather and metal, ? ibid.; part of a wooden latticed window, Citadel of Ghisnel; broad-bladed single-edged sword with tulwar hilt, small parrying-shield mounted on steel-pointed Black-buck horns, Benares; elephant-goad with terminal steel blade and spike below, brass-mounted ditto with hook and spike, large thin steel quoit, chakra with presentation inscription, India; single-edged sword with carved hilt, Illanun, Malay Archipelago; kris with flamboyant blade and brass-covered sheath, Malay; 2 ceremonial daos with brass hilts and hair-tufts, Lakher, Chittagong Hill Tracts; dao with square-ended blade, N. Burma; 3 reflexed painted composite bows with bundle of painted arrows, India; wooden club with carved pear-shaped head, painted wooden thread-winder, ?ibid.; pair of small brass-bowled tobacco-pipes in silk sheath, Japan; metal pipe with water-holder and tobacco-box, 2 razors with short heavy blades, compass and wooden sundial with hinged lid and rotating vernier, printed book with folded pages, 3 small soapstone recumbent figures of men, China; 2 carved lime-spatulae, Massim, New Guinea; long flexible spear-thrower, grooved wooden club, Australia; native wooden ladle, Africa; axe with T-shaped engraved iron blade and long haft, 3 reed arrows with barbed iron head (one feathered), 2 wooden spoons with burnt designs and carved loop handles, Rhodesia, S. Africa; gourd box with star-shaped lid, ? W. Africa; S-shaped wooden strigil, S. Nigeria; club with expanded head and transverse ribs, Samoa; wooden bowl carved into seal form, 2 wooden spoons with painted " eye " designs, Haida, Queen Charlotte Islands; 2 plain spoons of mountain sheep's horn, NW. Coast, N. America; miniature wicker rattle, British Guiana; rare ceremonial palm-wood baton with broad blade and cruciform end, bound with cotton painted with designs, Piro tribe, Upper Yucayali R., Peru. Rare flint-lock pistol with double trigger, with chased brass mountings representing fighting scenes, &c., ? German.  Also, from Edward Lovett's collection:—Exchequer tally (dates 1818, 1821), 5 hop-picker's split tally-sticks (XIXth cent.), Kent, English; 1 ditto (not split) notched in groups of 5, ?turkey leg-bone with tally-notches, no locality; 9 tinder-box steels (8 looped), English; I ditto of oval ring form, Dutch; hand fire-drill and 2 "hearths", Somaliland; 2 round copper "slut" lamps, green-glazed pottery saucer-lamp used by peasants (1894), Rome; ancient pottery lamp for 5 wicks, Roman; pottery money-box, Sicily; 2 cups and a jug of hand-made pottery, (XIXth cent.), Isle of Lewis, N.B.; ancient pottery rattle (pig and rider) from a child's grave, Cyprus; steatite pipe-bowl, Kaffir, S. Africa; small pipe of copper and white metal in wooden sheath with tobacco-box, similar ditto with all-metal pipe and carved bamboo sheath, Japan. Pottery whistle of urn form, 3 pottery bells with swing clappers, no locality; shepherd's plaited cord sling, Syria. Partly ground neolithic flint celt, East Dean, Sussex; flint flake worked all over the anti-bulb surface, Udny, Aberdeen; 4 flint-flakes, large ?gun-flint, and 3 pieces of banded flint for fancy strike-a-lights, &c., made by gun-flint makers at Villentrois, Indre, France; pair of re-united flakes from a gun-flint maker's core, 10 forgeries of flint arrow-heads, &c., Brandon, Suffolk. Old ground flint celt reflaked all over by William Knowles; ancient flint flake reflaked and showing depth of white patination, no locality. (Stevens.) 7 cast-brass finger-tables used in taking snuff, Kunav clan Tiv (Munshi) tribe, Benue Province, N. Nigeria. (Capt. R.M. Downes.) Italian lute with ivory inlay, with leather case. (A.A. Kennedy.) Blubber-hook of walrus-ivory with wooden shaft, ice crowbar, of narwhal tusk with hide thong, Eskimo; 2 clubs with lozenge-shaped heads, both carved (one with figures of men, &c.) Fiji Islands. (Glendining.) Specimens collected by vendor in Ashanti, W. Africa, viz:—Small wooden bow with flat cane string and quiver with one iron-headed arrow, old leather-covered wooden quiver. Pottery figure of woman and child and ditto of an askari Fra-Fra; outfit of a native sorcerer comprising 3 stone celts, human figures, jaws of animals and bird-skulls, &c., N. Territory; 3 straight 2 edged steel-bladed swords with cross-hilts and leather scabbards, curved single-edged sabre and scabbard, 2 "machetes" with leather sheaths, ornamented sheath for a "machete", axe with engraved stirrup-shaped brass blade, carved wooden female figure holding her breasts (?Nigerian origin), netted girdle with cowrie jingles for dancing, ditto of hide with brass pellet jingles and loose rings, 12 illiterate Arabic charms in leather cases, Hausa, Kurmasi; 2 cire-perdue cast brass armlets, ditto brass figures of crocodile and cat-fish, barrel-drum with single membrane with long pegs, Kumasi; 5 perforated quartz disks from diamondiferous gravels (?currency), Akwatia. (S.C. Sinclair.) Old-fashioned heavy wooden plough with iron share and coulter for 4-horse tandem team (recently disused), Vale of Evesham. (Allan Gray.) Cast-copper rod with funnel jet and small " branches " (? currency), string head-ring overlaid with black tree juice worn attached to the hair by a Zulu induna, S. Africa; wooden female figure, ?Mendiland; kissipenny ( T-shaped iron currency-rod), Liberia-Sierra Leone region, W. Africa. (Mrs. E. M. Burra.) 2 ?bronze arrow-heads, 3-edged (one socketed, one perhaps tanged), 4 iron ditto tanged and shouldered, 4 socketed iron ditto (like crossbow quarrels), found near the Double Gate, Great Wall of China. (S.G. Hewlett, M.A.)

HENRY BALFOUR