Primary Documents Index

PRM PR papers Box 3_Rifle

2015-02-17T17:40:12+00:00

PRM Pitt-Rivers papers Box 3, 3/4/3 and 3/4/4

Two versions of a draft talk given by Pitt-Rivers. It is not known exactly when these drafts were written or given to an audience, or which society or group of people comprised the audience. It is possible to speculate that the talk must have been written shortly after May 1859 when the new Volunteer Force was established in England (see Notes 1 and 2 below). The talk seems to share some content, especially quotations, with his more famous talk to the Royal United Services Institute in 1867-1869, Primitive Warfare I-III (available here). It is unclear which draft is the earlier though the transcriber would speculate the 3/4/4 is Pitt-Rivers' own handwriting written as an earlier draft and 3/4/3 is the later draft (as it incorporates changes made in 3/4/4) written more neatly, possibly by another hand. It is possible that 3/4/3 is the version which Pitt-Rivers spoke from at the meeting, though the handwriting is still very difficult to read and there are many corrections. At the end is a single sheet of the same paper with more handwritten text. This might form part of the same talk but may also relate to a separate talk or publication (see end of 3/4/4).

Box 3/4/3

Having been honoured with an invitation to deliver a lecture on Rifle Shooting, [1] & on the advantages which are likely to be derived from the present volunteer movement, I will endeavour to do so to the best of my ability, altho’ fully sensible how little I shall be able to do justice to the subject of such importance at the present moment.

Having however been engaged for some years in duties connected with training as chief Instructor of Musketry at Hythe & Malta during the organization of the System of Instruction which is now so universally approved of, I may perhaps hope to be able to give you some little information on the subject.

It will be unnecessary for me to lay much stress on the importance of increasing the home force of the Country or to recapitulate the now uncontested maxims respecting the inefficiency of the wooden walls of England or the bridging [insert] of [end insert] the Channel by steam.

The present movement is a proof that these principles are now acknowledged & acted upon. I will therefore say only a few words on the peculiar nature of the steps we are taking to insure ourselves from foreign aggression.

In no other country in the world [insert] would [end insert] such means as we are now adopting be resorted to for the defence of a Country, simply because in no other country would the attempt be attended with success.

We are a peculiar people, & one of these peculiarities is [insert] consists [end insert], our jealousy of those who govern us. We dislike government interference in any thing & want but slight encouragement to economize our National expenditure to the very lowest limits. The spirit of liberty pervades all our institutions, & enterprises, & produces that individuality & independence of character, which makes the Englishman a marked man amongst the rest of his species.

Our canals, our railroads our navigation all those Institutions which in other countries are regulated by Government, are with us conducted by private companies. Until very lately the largest of our Colonial possessions was governed by a private [it is possible ‘private’ was meant to be deleted in an alteration] company; and now it appears we are raising a private [it is possible ‘private’ was meant to be deleted in an alteration] company for the defence of our homes.

I will not be rash enough to assert that the Volunteer Force [2] which is now rising up in this country, will be found equal on an emergency to an equivalent for [insert] ‘for’ crossed out [end insert] the regular army. I am well aware [insert] of [end insert] that many military officers shake their heads at the movement & say that rifle shooting is useless without discipline. Undoubtedly the want of organization & discipline must ever be the weak point in a force so constituted;--and we have a great authority for saying that in all the operations of War the morale bears to the Mechanical, a proportion of three to one. But, is not the morale greatly affected by the Mechanical? Confidence is the result of skill, and the skill of the soldier depends on his being trained to the use of his weapons.

Here then we come to the strong point of our Volunteer system, for it is incontestible [sic] that in accuracy of shooting our Volunteers, being men of a superior stamp of Energy, will excell [sic] any similar force of regular soldiers on the face of the globe.

Of organization & discipline I will therefore say nothing but have those most important qualities of efficiency, to whatever occasion is destined to bring them forth, & confining myself to the third element in the Art of War, the Mechanical, I will before entering upon the most practical part of my subject briefly glance over the History of War, so far as your time & my imperfect information will permit me, & endeavour to discover from past history, to what extent we may expect benefit, by rendering rifle shooting, a national movement. [Inserted notes alongside] Authority to use of courts weapons as a natives [illegible][end insert]

Many of the drawings on the Walls at Thebes, & other places represent men undergoing instruction in these exercises & some of the Instructors are drawn with the heads of birds which is their well known manner of representing their Gods, shewing that here as in Greek Mythology, archery, was so highly estimated as to be attributed to divine origin.

The Ethiopians were celebrated Archers. The Assyrian Sculptures bear ample testimony to the frequency of their [insert] ‘their’ crossed out, the military [end insert] exercises. The Persians prided themselves on Archery, and had an Archer stamped on their earliest coins as an emblem of power. Herodotus says that from 5 years old to the age of 20, they taught them only three things, to ride, to shoot & to speak the truth. The more modern Persians appear to have cultivated the shooting part of their education at the expense of veracity, for we are told somewhere by a distinguished traveller that they profess to split a horse hair with their arrows at the distance of six paces.

David is a memorable example of the triumph of skill over brute force. In the 20th chapter of Judges we are told that when the children of Benjamin gathered themselves together to go out against Israel they had amongst [insert] their people [end insert] them 700 chosen men, left handed every one of them whom could sling stones at a hairs breadth & not miss.

Here I may remark that this is not by any means the only example in which left handed men have been remarkable for skill in the use of arms. Some of the best shots I have seen have been men who fired from the left shoulder & aimed with the left eye.

The Achaeans & Balearians were examples of the value of skill & were much esteemed by the Romans. Livy says that the former practiced at small circles placed at a great distance, & that not only could they hit the heads of their enemies but any part of their [insert] ‘their’ crossed out, the [end insert] face, they aimed at & pierce through all defensive armour. The Balearians were trained from infancy – their mothers placing their food every morning at the top of a pole & only allowing them as much as they could knock down with their slings. When [blank] apparent approached the Balearic Isles he was obliged to cover the outside of his thighs with skins to break the force of the stones thrown from the slings.

In Homers Odyssey there is a passage from which we may learn a lesson even in the present day. Ulysses is described as shooting his arrow through a succession of small rings placed in line at some distance apart – from which we may infer that it was not accuracy only that they aimed at, but flatness of Trajectory; as it would be impracticable to shoot through a succession of small rings without imparting great velocity to the arrow.

This is precisely what we are striving to attain now with our small bore rifles such as the Lancaster, Enfield & Whitworth small bores. The larger Enfield now in use in the service is probably as accurate as is necessary for present purposes – indeed the shooting of our soldiers tho rapidly improving has not yet been brought to correspond with the accuracy of the weapon at long ranges and it is probable that were a more accurate weapon [insert] arm [end insert] placed in their hands no increased effect would result from it on service. Increased initial velocity & the consequent flatness of Trajectory is however a great desideratum; by it the error due to misappreciation of distances is diminished & as judging distance is one of the most difficult parts of the Musketry training to acquire, a flat trajectory becomes a most important quality in a good military rifle. It also causes the bullet to sweep over a large portion of the field of battle without rising higher than the head of an infantry or cavalry soldier, & thereby increasing the chance of hitting in its course some of the enemies lines or columns. No better plan could be devised for testing the merits of a rifle in this respect than by firing through rings in the manner Ulysses is represented to have done.

If it were desirable to multiply examples from ancient history much might be said of the merits of the Roman soldiers, Josephus Polybius & all who have written on the subject attribute their universal success to their skill in handling their arms. Their training we are told was so incessant that they looked forward to a campaign as a release from the fatigues of their ordinary duties.

From the middle ages we may collect many proofs of the good effects of encouraging shooting amongst the people. Sir Walter Scott in Old Mortality describes the Festival of the Popinjay as practised in Scotland towards the latter part of the 17 Century.

“This he says was an ancient game formerly practised with archery but at that time with fire arms. The sport consisted in shooting at the figure of a bird suspended from a pole & decked with [illegible, possibly partly or pretty] coloured feathers, so as to resemble a popinjay or parrot. The competitors discharged their fusees and carbines in rotation at the distance of 60 or 70 paces. whose ball brought down the mark held the proud title of Captain of the Popinjay for the remainder of the day, & was usually escorted in triumph to the most respectable change house in the neighbourhood, where the evening was closed with conviviality, conducted under his auspices, & if he could afford it, at his own expence. [sic]

In Holland in the 13 Century we read of the aristocratic Guild of Cross bow men; the members of which were obliged to prove their noble descent, & to take a solemn oath to devote their whole time to shooting & allow no other pastime or exercise to take up any part of their leisure. Once a year a grand match was held under the patronage of some saint to whose Church steeple, the bird or semblance of a bird hit by the victor, was affixed. The conqueror was the Roi des Arbalettiers, for the coming year, and received a jewelled decoration, which he was entitled to wear for 12 months, after which, he returned it to the Guild to be again contended for.

On the first introduction of the Harquebus [3] into Holland in 1566 great attention appears to have been paid to training as we read in Grimstones History of the Netherlands “The State unwilling to be without such Weapons when need should be, sent for the expertest workmen in that art from all parts of Christendom, & for the skillfullest gunners, to instruct & train their youth, and because the countrie people should not be ignorant thereon; and it was decreed that in every village under their protection, two young men should be chosen to practice this exercise, & for recompence should be freed from all subsidues & impositions, & that these young men at a certain day in the year, should meet at the nearest Castle or City to shoot a mark, when his village that should shoot the best, was for one whole year freed from all tax & tribute.”—

This seems to have given a great impulse to shooting & in after years the Dutch appear to have been celebrated for the effect of their fire. For describing the battle of Malplaquet Chevalier Follard who was an eye witness of what he described, says that the French owed their defeat in a great measure to the superiority of the Dutch Infantry fire, on account of their being better trained by constant practice in the use of their Arms.

But the period which most interests us on account of the parallel which it affords to the movement which is now going on in this country is that, which embraces the archery of our old English bowmen, viz the 14, 15 & 16 Centuries. The English Infantry says, the present Emperor of the French in his “Etudes sur le passé et l’avenir de l’Artillerie” [4] was composed of Archers who used with wonderful ability a bow the length of a man’s stature’. The great efficiency of our men in the use of this weapon was owing mainly to the exertions of King Edward 3, who enforced the practice of archery by every Englishman, on Sundays & holidays. In the days of Edward the 3d [insert] IVth [end insert] a statute was passed ordering that every Englishman should have a bow of his own height, and ordering Butts to be constructed in every Township, also imposing the penalty of a halfpenny on anyone who neglected the practice of Archery. All those now overcrowded districts in & about the City which we somewhat inappropriately call fields, were then in reality the fields in which the butts were erected, & Archery carried on. From this time to the reign of Henry 8th & even Elizabeth the use of the long bow continued to be the favourite exercise of the entire population. Latimer encouraged it from the pulpit, calling it a Godly Act, a wholesome exercise and much commended in Physic. Roger Archer Latin Secretary to Edward 6th Mary & Elizabeth wrote a book upon it which like all his writing was remarkable for the purity of its style.

Previous to the embarkation of the Spanish armada, the Pope sent emissaries to England to report upon the character & resources of the people. In their Report a manuscript copy of which is, I believe in the Vatican Library it is stated that the whole nation took such delight in Archery that there was no rank or progression that did not pursue it [2 or 3 words heavily crossed out] enthusiastically and that the children were taught to draw the bow from the age of 10.

From all this we may see what a firm & lasting hold an institution of this kind may be expected to take in this Country when properly encouraged by the Government & by the press.

Fortunately all attempts which have hitherto been made for the invasion of England have been warded off by the hand of Providence before the enemy reached our shores: but should a hostile force ever effect a landing on our Coasts, there can be little doubt they will meet with such a reception as shall cause them to repent bitterly their rashness in attempting it. I believe that in default of a large standing army raised as in other countries by conscription, nothing will contribute more to this object, than the encouragement of rifle shooting amongst the people. By this means the whole able bodied population of the Country, will be brought half way on the road towards becoming soldiers, when an emergency renders it necessary.

It is now time that I should say a few words on the Instruction in firing of modern armies.

Ever since the introduction of fire arms the English appear to have neglected target shooting In 1676 Lord Orrery complains of the want of it & recommends the use of medals with ribbons or prizes for the best shot. In 1762 & 1777 we find two works which may be considered the first attempts to introduce a uniform system of drill & discipline into our Service. It is remarkable that altho both of these works both of these works enter into the most minute details of the interior economy & management of a Regiment, and includes the most carefully drawn up regulations for Camp and Quarters, with instructions for parade, drill & even cleaning of accountrements, & are apparently got up with the view of leaving no part of the soldiers education untouched – yet there is not one word about instruction in firing in either of them -- & as a proof how little attention was paid to accuracy of fire, we find that at the word “fire” the soldiers were taught to “pull the trigger briskly” thereby prescribing the very fault which in the present day occupied so much of the Instructors time in correcting, as being incompatible with any thing like good shooting. In the former of these works first published by Humphrey Bland Esqre Lieut Genl of his Majesty’s [illegible] & afterwards republished in 1762, the author regrets the absence of any work of the kind since the writings of the Earl of Orrery 50 years previously: so that we may reasonably conclude that the practice of target firing in common with the other suggestions of that Genl were neglected during the whole of this period. The author however speaks highly of the fire of the Dutch Infantry.

In a work on the art of War published in 1809 some rules were given for target practice, recommending that the target should be 5 feet in diameter, & painted in circles in order that the riflemen might calculate their proficiency in firing. But by far the best work that appeared up to that time was a book called “Twenty three years practice with rifle guns” by Ezekiel Baker Gun maker published in 1804—[5]

amongst other useful hints which we get from this work, we may quote the following:

“no noise or conversation to take place whilst any one is presenting or taking aim, as it will take off the attention. The rifle should be held firm in hand, in all positions in presenting to fire: Lying on the belly, it will be found difficult for the left hand to grasp the stock forwards; in that case, the sling or belt should be pulled firmly back, to keep the rifle steady while firing. To fire off hand without a rest; the right foot should be behind the left about 16 inches, the left knee

upright and not bent, the right elbow down towards the body, the butt of the rifle in the hollow of the shoulder, the body easily bent forwards, so that the right eye comes over the great toe of the left foot. If the body is more bent, the man will not stand so easy, nor yet so steady ; the left hand, when presenting, to be forwards on the swell of the stock, the sling under the elbow, which will make it firm and steady. In taking aim, lay the muzzle to the lowest part of the object it is intended to strike, then bringing it up gradually to the part to be aimed at, In taking aim, lay the muzzle of the rifle to the lowest part of the object it is intended to strike, then bring it up gradually to the part to be aimed at, in bringing up the rifle the forefinger to be kept light on the trigger, when up the point intended, draw the front sight into the notch of the back sight, the fire must then hold his breath and pull gradually without any snatching, so as that will alter the direction of the rifle. In taking aim, a solder may sometimes hold his breath so long, as to cause a trembling: in that case, the rifle should be taken down, take breath, and

aim again. As I never could fire so true, as when I took the first sight. ... After the trigger is pulled, keep the rifle firm to the shoulder, till the ball strikes the target at 100 yards, this will be known by hearing the ball strike or hit ; as that will prevent any startling or throwing back the head, as is often the case in firing. A rifleman should practice to pull the trigger, with a wood driver in the cock, till he can fire off his piece, without starling or shaking the muzzle of his rifle.; this is a part that every rifleman should be well acquainted with, as it will make him have more command of his rifle. [Handwritten addition] Here we have the position drill [end addition]

Rifles throwing to the right or left, is sometimes owing to the trigger pulling too hard, and at other times, to the man throwing his head too far over the centre of the stock, which causes a cross-sight. The trigger should not be pulled so hard as to alter the direction of the rifle in firing. If the rifle is found to throw to the right, the back sight should be drove to the left, and the front sight to the right.

Baker recommends, that the soldier should be taught to take aim with both eyes open, this however is not found to be the best way of teaching soldiers, although it may answer well enough for sportsmen who are not stinted as to the amount of ammunition they use in practising themselves.

He also recommends constant practice in judging distance: He says: “A rifleman to judge of

his distance, should be in the habit of stepping his ground, from 1 to 300 paces, or any other distance that may be thought proper; and let him fire at any object at the distance he steps to;- by this continued practice, he may learn to measure the distance with his eye to a tolerable certainty at any time; this he should practice in different places, and in all sorts of weather: in windy weather it is necessary a rifleman should practice; which will instruct him

what allowance to make from the object to be fired at, either to right or left; as the wind has

great power on the ball at long ranges.

In that most excellent and clever work of Dr Robert Jackson’s, entitled “Formation, Discipline and Economy of Armies,” first published in 1804, we find some valuable remarks bearing upon this subject; [6] Confidence he says results from the skill which commands effect, but skill can only be acquired by knowledge of principle and daily practice in application. Every man Is awkward, and most men are diffident, in the use of fire-arms at the commencement of their military career; many are more than diffident. The young soldier often draws the trigger of a loaded musket with symptoms of fear, similar to that of a man who puts a match to the train of a loaded mine. The case is new to him; for the customary mode of training in field-days and firing blank cartridge gives no knowledge of the firelock as armed for war. It is then an instrument of death, and the inexperienced recruit is not always without apprehension

that the explosion may recoil upon himself.”

[reversion to handwritten text] Dr Jackson also complains that the point at which the drill of the soldier chiefly laboured was the superior rapidity of loading & firing in regularly measured time, & that the just direction of the fire which effects destruction scarcely appeared in the calculation. Such explosions he says may intimidate by their noise, but it is a mere chance if they destroy by their impression. The real object of the soldiers study is the discomfiture of the enemy. The justness of aim is the main and ultimate object of Instruction, and as it is the object which a rational system of military instruction might be supposed to inculcate, it is a matter of surprise it should be so little cultivated. The firelock is an instrument of missile force. It is obvious that the force which is missile ought to be directed with aim, otherwise it will strike only by accident. If the destruction of the enemy be the object of a battle, the arrangements of modern Tactic & the drillings of the soldier counteract the purpose. History furnishes proof that the battle is rarely gained by the scientific use of the musket; noise intimidates, platoon firing strikes only at random, and the charge with the bayonet decides the question. He recommends the abandonment of the three deep line of Infantry as being incompatible with effective firing. On the subject of Instruction some valuable hints are given in the following passage

[more pasted in printed extracts]

“The degree of perfection attainable by individuals in the art of firing has great latitude. Some remain inferior to others in spite of all their endeavours to excel. Few fire well without instruction, and without practice. The knowledge how to direct fire upon given points is a most essential part of the mechanical soldier’s study; consequently the office of giving instruction on that head commands especial attention. As the knowledge of it is important to success, it will not be denied that the duty of instruction ought to be committed to persons who are sufficiently master of science to explain the principle upon which perfection depends, who are capable of pointing out the right way of attaining it, and who are themselves capable of shewing, by example, the perfection to which the attainment may be carried. The young soldier judiciously treated, and with the example of instruction judiciously directed, becomes enamoured of his arms, and ultimately of his profession. He perceives that he acquires

knowledge; and, in proportion as he acquires knowledge, he becomes confident in himself. He is thus rendered courageous by art, for courage of a certain description is the product of the practice alluded to.

It is almost superfluous to repeat, that attainment of skill in the use of arms is an important object in war; and, as such, an object to be prosecuted scientifically and steadily. With this view, it is suggested that during the period of military training, and after six months of previous education, three days in the week be set apart for the practice of firing ball-cartridge, and that seven ball-cartridges be allowed to each man for the consumption of the day. This implies some expense of money ; but as the knowledge of firing with ball is the only part of training which forms a soldier expressly for his ostensible purpose, it is in be hoped that the higher powers of the state will consider the subject with its reasons, and institute such a system of military education in all its branches as may attain the end for which an army finds a place among national establishments. It is not pretended to penetrate the reasons which influence the scanty supply of leaden bullets; but it is evident that it is not economical in the true sense of the word. In actions which are fought under common circumstances, one ball does not strike out of one hundred, or even a greater number ; and as it is known that one in three at least will strike within the volume of a man's body, at the distance of one hundred or one hundred and twenty paces, if directed by a hand of the requisite skill, it follows, that one man who is master of this part of his duty is equal to thirty or more who are equally perfect in tactic and manoeuvre, but who have not practised and learned the art of directing fire upon

distant points with care and precision. If this be true, and it is capable of proof, the mode of training suggested in this place is demonstratively economical; for, judging by effect, it may

be said to multiply the army throughout by thirty or a higher number. The advantage of skill over inexperience is here striking, and it is presumed that, if twenty-one ball-cartridges

be fired under good instruction every week, for the space of six months, the proposed perfection will be attained by all such as have a good sight, a steady hand, and a firm

courage.

Besides the qualities of arms considered as arms, the acquaintance which the soldier individually has with them is of importance in assuring that precision in effect which constitutes superiority. In this manner, while the barrel of the musket is straight, and proved to be true as well as strong, the lock ought to be perfect in all its parts, and easy in its movements; for it is obvious to common sense that undue force applied to the trigger

disturbs the level, and thus affects the direction of the ball. But, in addition to the actual perfection of the arms, it is useful that the soldier be familiar with his musket, and correctly acquainted with its properties. By long possession he becomes enamoured and fond of it, as a part of himself. He learns, by practice, the precise charge of powder which gives the best effect; for, though two firelocks may be of the same apparent calibre, there is something in temper not susceptible of measure or estimate by calculation, which considerably modifies results. Hence there is nicety in determining the true measure of the charge according to the temper of the piece, as well as according to distance and other circumstances of the object to be struck, that can only be ascertained by correct and actual experiment; experiment ought

therefore to be applied to the case.

The execution of fire-arms varies according to the nature of the ground and the presentation of objects at nearly equal distances. The first trials with fire-arms arc supposed to be made

on level ground, and the first judgment on the effect is formed from such trial. This we infer from the mode of drilling that Is commonly adopted; but such drilling furnishes only an imperfect illustration of the fact. Military actions do not always, do not even ordinarily, take place on level grounds ; it is therefore proper that the soldier, in order to be properly instructed, be exercised in firing at objects on ground of varied form and aspect, such as

those on which military combats may or do occur. It is necessary, for instance, that he ascertain the distance on the level plain at which he can promise with certainty to strike the object at which he aims, that he ascertain the same effect as directed from a height to a level, or across a ravine or hollow way to another height. If he view all the forms and presentations of the object with a just eye, measure the distances and bearings correctly, and estimate the effect by knowledge previously gained by experience, as he is confident of his power and master of his act, he does not expend his ammunition unskilfully, or squander at random the means on which his own life and the success of the military enterprise depends.

The subject of directing fire rightly is important; and it may be added, in illustration of its importance, that eighty or a hundred thousand ball-cartridges are often fired in the course of

a military action without killing or wounding more than five hundred men. In such case, (and such cases are not rare,) it is evident that there is an expense of ammunition without an effect

commensurate to the expenditure. If the non-effect arise from distance or position, the military officer in command commits on error. If the distance be just distance for action, if the enemy

be duly exposed, and if the troops be carried into the field in a proper manner, and the effect be such as is stated, it is evident that the soldier wants skill, or that he wants discipline and

courage necessary for the direction of the skill which he possesses. Want of skill Is always accompanied with hurry and confusion; and a soldier who wants skill, that is, who is not confident of producing a given effect by a discharge of his musket, has no calculation. He knows that he is in possession of an instrument of destruction. He is ignorant of its true value: he loads and fires in haste and confusion, in hopes of finding himself under the cover of its smoke, or of drowning his fears under its noise. But as he has no skill, and, from want of skill, no precise object in view, the mind is blank, and the act is in a manner void. In this case, the remedy against panic consists principally in the noise and order of the explosions — and that is precarious. On the contrary, the skilful soldier is confident of an effect resulting from his skill. He is master of himself on all occasions, and according to his position, and his bearings, he is almost certain of diminishing the number of the foe by every ball discharged; thus every discharge adds to security, both in his own idea and in reality.

[Back to handwritten text] Dr Jackson was a man of great practical experience as well as scientific knowledge, having been attached to the [insert] Russian [end insert] & other Continental Armies during the War, it is therefore satisfactory to know that he considers the English [the draft ends here, note that 3/4/4 continues from this point]

Notes by transcriber

[1] This paper appears from the reference to the Volunteer Force in paragraph 5, to date from very early in Pitt-Rivers’ life when he was a professional full-time soldier, probably to shorting after May 1859 when the volunteer force was first mooted (see note 2). At this time Pitt-Rivers (then, obviously, actually known as Augustus Lane Fox) had returned from his service in the Crimea (the crisis that impelled the establishment of the Volunteer Force) and his service in the School for Musketry instruction in Malta (in August 1857), was only undertaking regimental duties (i.e. had no actual posting), was living in London and beginning his involvement with learned societies by reading papers at the Royal United Services Institute on June 14 1858 the improvement of the rifle (NB this is not that paper), and the Royal Geographical Society which he joined in March 1859. Until March 1861 he lived under the cloud of a professional dispute about his training methods in musketry (he was eventually acquitted). It is not known who this paper was given to, nor is it included in Bill Chapman’s bibliography—the fullest listing of Pitt-Rivers’ published works. It seems likely, therefore, that it was only read out not published. The two drafts are written on the blue sheets folded into foolscap that Pitt-Rivers used at other times, there is some evidence that hand written lines in pencil were added to 3/4/3, presumably to improve the neatness of the text. The handwriting of 3/4/3 is very different from Pitt-Rivers’ later handwriting, it is possible that it is his own hand, but trying to be neat or (perhaps more likely) it is another’s hand, producing the final copy? One could speculate that the hand was Alice Pitt-Rivers as she is thought by Bowden and Chapman to have been more involved in Pitt-Rivers’ professional career at this stage than later. It is certain that the handwriting differs again from the second version of this draft paper, see 3/4/4, where the handwriting is more similar to Pitt-Rivers’ usual scrawl and there are still crossings out so it would still appear to be a draft, possibly an earlier draft than 3/4/3. Comparisons between the texts of these two drafts and the copy of the printed paper ‘Treatise on Instruction of Musketry’. [Hythe School of Musketry, A.H. Lane Fox. 1854] show that it is very similar with entire passages from that source, indeed virtually identical in the way entire sections are formed. The sources have been shaped in slightly different ways though, and these 2 texts are much shorter than the treatise. One could conclude, therefore, that both were drafts of a spoken paper to an unknown audience after May 1859 which he drew up and are based upon the work in the Instruction of Musketry.

[2] Volunteer Force. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volunteer_Force_(Great_Britain) which states: ‘The Volunteer Force was a citizen army of part-time rifle, artillery and engineer corps, created as a popular movement throughout the British Empire in 1859. Originally highly autonomous, the units of volunteers became increasingly integrated with the British Army after the Childers Reforms in 1881...On 12 May 1859 the Secretary of State for War, Jonathan Peel issued a circular letter to lieutenants of counties in England, Wales and Scotland, authorising the formation of volunteer rifle corps ... and of artillery corps in defended coastal towns. Volunteer corps were to be raised under the provisions of the Volunteer Act 1804 ... which had been used to form local defence forces during the Napoleonic Wars.’

[3] Also spelt Arquebus, early muzzle loaded firearm.

[4] See https://archive.org/details/tudessurlepasse03napogoog, Napoleon III, Paris, 1851. Napoleon III was in power from 1852 to 1870 (so this paper must date within this period).

[5] See https://archive.org/details/twentythreeyear00bakegoog. Note that this extract from Baker’s book is pasted onto the blue sheet from an unknown printed document

[6] https://archive.org/details/asystematicview00jackgoog

PRM PR papers Box 3/4/4

Having been honoured with an invitation to deliver a lecture on Rifle Shooting, & on the advantages which are likely to be derived from the present volunteer movement, I will endeavour to do so to the best of my ability, altho’ fully sensible how little I shall be able to do justice to the subject of such importance at the present moment.

Having however been engaged for some years in duties connected with training as chief Instructor [insert] of Musketry [end insert] at Hythe & Malta during the organization of the System of Instruction which is now so universally approved of, I may perhaps hope to be able to give you some little information on the subject which you can set pr....ty [illegible] arguments [illegible]

It will be unnecessary for me to lay much stress on the importance of increasing our [insert] the [end insert] home force of the Country or to recapitulate the old & [illegible] [insert] now uncontested [end insert] maxims respecting the inefficiency of the wooden walls [insert] of England [end insert, NB not positive it is ‘walls could be valis?] or the bridging of the Channel by steam. The present movement is a proof that these principles are now acknowledged & acted upon. I will therefore say only a few words on the [insert] peculiar nature of the [end insert] steps we are taking to insure ourselves from foreign aggression.

In no other country in the world would such means as we are now adopting be resorted to for the defence of a country, simply because in no other country would the attempt be attended with success.

We are a peculiar people, & one [insert] one of those peculiarities [end insert] consists is our jealousy of those who govern us. We dislike government interference in any thing and want but slight encouragement to economize our National expenditure to the very lowest limits. The spirit of Liberty pervades all our institutions, & enterprises, & produces that individuality & independence of character, which makes the Englishman a marked man amongst the rest of his species.

Our canals, our railroads our navigation all those Institutions which in other countries are regulated by Government, are with us conducted by private companies. Until very lately the largest of our Colonial possessions was governed by a private company; and now it appears we are raising a private [it is possible ‘private’ was meant to be deleted in an alteration] company for the defence of our homes.

I will not be rash enough to assert that the Volunteer Force which is now rising up in this country, will be found equal on an emergency to an equivalent of the regular army. I am well aware that many military officers shake their heads at the movement and say that rifle shooting is useless without discipline. Undoubtedly the want of organisation and discipline must ever be the weak point in a force so constituted, and we have a great Authority for saying that in all the operations of War the morale bears to the Mechanical a proportion of three to one. But, is not the morale greatly affected by the Mechanical, Confidence is the result of skill, and the skill of the soldier depends on his being trained to the use of his weapons. Here then we come to the strong point of our Volunteer system, for it is incontestible [sic] that in accuracy of shooting our Volunteers, being men of a superior stamp of energy, will excell any similar force of regular soldiers on the face of the Globe.

Of organization & discipline I will therefore say nothing but leave those most important qualities of efficiency to whatever occasion is destined to bring them forth. And confining myself to the third element in the Art of War, the Mechanical, I will before entering upon the most practical part of my subject briefly [illegible words crossed out][insert] glance over [end insert] the history of war, so far as your time and my imperfect information will permit me, and endeavour to discover from past history to what extent we may expect benefit, be [sic] rendering rifle shooting, the national amusement.

Commencing with the earliest records known to us, we find amongst the Egyptian frescos ample evidence of the importance they attached to Archery, & other military exercises, altho they were essentially a peaceful nation. Many of the drawings on the Walls at Thebes & other places represent men undergoing instruction in these exercises & some of the Instructors are drawn with the heads of birds which is their well known manner of representing their Gods, [illegible word] shewing that here as in Greek Mythology, [illegible word crossed out] archery, was so highly estimated as to be attributed to divine origin. The Ethiopians were celebrated archers. The Assyrian Sculptures bear ample testimony to the frequency of their military exercises. The Persians prided themselves on [illegible word crossed out] [insert] Archery [end insert] & had an [illegible word crossed out] [insert] Archer [end insert] stamped on their earliest coins as an emblem of [illegible word crossed out] [insert] power [end insert]. [illegible word crossed out] [insert] Herodotus [end insert] says that from the a 5 years old to the age of 20, they taught them only three things, to ride, to shoot & to speak the truth. The more modern Persians appear to have cultivated the cultivated the shooting part of their education at the expense of veracity, for we are told somewhere by a distinguished traveller that they profess to split a [illegible word crossed out] [insert] horse [end insert] hair with their arrows at the distance of six paces. [insert] David is a memorable example of the triumph of skill over brute force. [end insert] In the XXth chapter of Judges we are told that [insert] when [end insert] the children of Benjamin gathered themselves together to go out against Israel they had amongst their people 700 chosen men, left handed every one of them whom could sling stones at a hairs breadth & not miss. Here I may remark that this is not by any means the only example in which left handed men have been remarkable for skill in the use of arms. Some of the best shots I have seen have been men who fired from the left shoulder & [insert] aimed with [end insert] the left eye.

The Achaeans & Balearians were examples of the value of skill & were much esteemed by the Romans. Livy says that the former practiced at small circles placed at a great distance, and that not only could they hit the heads of their enemies but any part of their face they aimed at & pierce through all defensive armour. The Balearians were trained from infancy their mothers placing their food every morning at the top of a pole & only allowing them as much as they could knock down with their slings. When Metellus approached the Balearic Isles he was obliged to cover the outside of his thighs with skins to break the force of the stones thrown from the slings.

In Homers Odyssey there is a passage [insert] from [end insert] which [insert] we may learn a lesson [end insert] even in the present day. [illegible word crossed out] [insert] Ulysses [end insert] is described as shooting his arrow through a succession of small rings placed in line at some distance apart from which we may infer that they would at [several words illegible] it was not accuracy only that they aimed at, but flatness of Trajectory; as it would be impracticable to shoot through a succession of [insert] small [end insert] rings without imparting great velocity to the arrow.

This is precisely what we are striving to attain now with our small bore rifles such as the Lancaster, Enfield & Whitworth small bores. The larger Enfield now in use in the service is probably as accurate as is necessary for present purposes, indeed the shooting of our soldiers tho rapidly improving has not not [insert] yet [end insert] been brought to correspond with the accuracy of the weapon at long ranges and it is probable that were a more accurate weapon placed in their hands no increased effect would result from it on service. [insert] Increased initial [end insert] velocity & the [insert] consequent flatness [end insert] of Trajectory is however a great desideratum; by it the error due to misappreciation of distances is diminished and as [illegible words crossed out] judging distance is [illegible words crossed out] one of the most difficult parts of the Musketry training to acquire, a flat trajectory [insert] becomes a [end insert] most important quality in a good military rifle. It also causes the bullet to sweep over a large portion of the field of battle without rising higher than the head of an infantry or cavalry soldier, & thereby increasing the chance of hitting in its [insert] course [end insert] some of the enemies lines or columns. No better plan could be devised for testing the merits of a rifle in this respect than by firing through rings in the manner Ulysses is represented to have done.

If it were desirable to multiply examples from ancient history much might be said of the merits of the Roman soldiers. Josephus Polybius & all who have written on the subject attribute their universal success to their skill in handling their arms. Their training, we are told was so incessant, that they looked forward to a campaign as a release from the fatigues of their ordinary duties.

From the middle ages we may collect many proofs of the good effects of encouraging shooting amongst the people.

Sir Walter Scott in Old Mortality describes the Festival of the Popinjay as practised in Scotland towards the latter part of the 17 Century.

This he says “was an ancient game formerly practised with archery but at that time with fire arms; the sport consisted in shooting at the figure of a bird suspended from a pole & decked with partlycoloured feathers, so as to resemble a Popinjay or Parrot. the competitors discharged their fusees and carbines in rotation at the distance of 60 or 70 paces. He whose ball brought down the mark held the proud title of Captain of the Popinjay for the remainder of the day, and was usually escorted in triumph to the most respectable change house in the neighbourhood, where the evening was closed with conviviality, conducted under his auspices, and if he could afford it, at his own expense.

In Holland in the 13th Century we read of the aristocratic Guild of Cross bow men. The members of which were obliged to prove their noble descent, & to take a solemn oath to devote their whole time to shooting & allow no other pastime or exercise to take up any part of their leisure. Once a year a grand match was held under the patronage of some saint, [insert] to [end insert] whose Church steeple the bird or semblance of a bird hit by the victor was affixed. The conqueror was the Roi des Arbalettiers, for the coming year, and received a jewelled decoration, which he was entitled to wear for 12 months, after which he returned it to the Guild to be again contended for.

On the first introduction of the Harquebus into Holland in 1566 great attention appears to have been paid to training as we read in Grimstones History of the Netherlands “[insert] The [end insert] State unwilling to be without such Weapons when need should be sent for the expertest workmen in that art from all parts of Christendom, & for the skillfullest gunners, to instruct & train their youth, and because the countrie people should not be ignorant thereon; and it was decreed that in every village under their protection, two young men should be chosen to practice this exercise, and for recompence should be freed from all [illegible words crossed out] subsidues and impositions, and that [insert] these [end insert] young [insert] men [end insert] at a certain day in the year, should meet at the nearest castle or city to shoot at a mark, when his village that should shoot the best, was for one whole year freed from all tax and tribute.”

This seems to have given a great impulse to shooting and in after years the Dutch appear to have been celebrated for the effect of their fire. In describing the battle of Malplaquet Chevalier Follard who was an eye witness of what he described, says that the French owed their defeat in a great measure to the superiority of the Dutch infantry fire, on account of their being [insert] better [end insert] trained by constant practice in the use of their Arms.

But the period which most interests us on account of the parallel parallel which it affords to the movement which is now going on in this country is that which [illegible words crossed out] [insert] embraces [end insert] the archery of our old English bowmen, viz the 14, 15 & 16 Centuries. The English Infantry says the present Emperor of the French in his “Etudes sur le passé et l’avenir de l’Artillery [insert] Artillerie” [end insert] “was composed of Archers who used with wonderful ability a bow the length of a man’s stature. The great efficiency of our men in the use of this weapon was owing mainly to the exertions of King Edward III, who enforced the practice of Archery by every Englishman on Sundays & holidays. In the days of Edward [illegible] a statute was passed ordering that every Englishman should have a bow of his own height, and ordering Butts to be constructed in every Town ship, also imposing the penalty of a halfpenny on anyone who neglected the practice of archery. All those now over crowded districts in the districts in and about the city which we somewhat inappropriately call fields, [illegible words crossed out][insert] were then in reality the fields [end insert] in which the butts were erected & Archery carried on. From this time to the reign of Henry VIII & even Elizabeth Archery the use of the long bow continued to be the favourite exercise of the entire population. Latimer encouraged it from the pulpit, calling it a Godly Act, a wholesome exercise and much commended in Physic. Roger Archer Latin Secretary to Edward VI Mary & Elizabeth wrote [insert] wrote [end insert] a book upon it which [illegible words crossed out] like all his writing was remarkable for the purity of its style. Previous to the embarkation of the Spanish armada, the Pope sent emissaries to report England to report upon the character & resources of the people. In their Report [illegible words crossed out] [insert] a manuscript copy of which is I believe in the Vatican Library [end insert][insert] it is stated [end insert] that the whole nation took such delight in Archery that there was no rank or progression [illegible words crossed out] that did not pursue it [illegible words crossed out] enthusiastically and that [illegible words crossed out] [insert] children were [end insert] taught to draw the bow from the age of 10. [2 paragraphs crossed out and not transcribed]

From all this we may see what a firm [insert] & lasting [end insert] hold an institution of this kind may be expected to take in this Country it [insert] when [end insert] properly encouraged by the Government & by the press. but Fortunately all attempts which have hither to been made for the invasion of this country [insert] England [end insert] have been warded off by the hand of providence before the arriving on [insert] the enemy reached [end insert] our shores, but should a hostile force ever effect a landing on the coast of England [insert] on our Coasts, [end insert] there can be little doubt they will [insert] meet with [end insert] such a reception as shall cause them to repent bitterly their rashness in attempting it. I believe that [illegible words crossed out] in default of a large standing army, raised as in other countries by conscription, nothing will contribute more to this object, than the encouragement of rifle shooting amongst the people. By [insert] this [end insert] means of which the whole able bodied population of the country will be brought half way on the road towards becoming soldiers when an emergency renders it necessary.

But I have already dwelt too long on

It is now time that I should say a few words on the Instruction of in firing of modern armies.

Ever since the introduction of fire arms the English appear to have neglected target shooting In 1676 Lord Orrery complains of the want of it, & recommends the [illegible words crossed out] use of medals with [illegible word crossed out] [insert] ribbons [end insert] or prizes for the best shot. In 1762 & 1777 we find two works which may be considered the first attempts to introduce a uniform system of drill & discipline into our Service. It is remarkable that altho both of these works [illegible word crossed out] [insert] enter [end insert] into the most minute details of the interior economy and management of a Regiment, and [insert] includes [end insert] the most carefully drawn up regulations for Camp and Quarters, with instructions for parade, drill & even cleaning of accountrements, & are apparently got up with the view of leaving no part of the soldiers education untouched yet there is not one word about instruction in firing in either of them, and as a proof how little attention was paid to accuracy of fire we find that at the word “fire” the soldiers were taught to “pull the trigger briskly” thereby prescribing the very fault which in the present day occupies so much of the Instructors time in correcting as being incompatible with any thing like good shooting. In the former of these works first published by Humphrey Bland Esqre Lieut Genl of his Majesties forces and afterwards republished in 1762, the author regrets the absence of any work of the kind since the writings of the Earl of Orrery 50 years previously, so that we may reasonably conclude that the practice of target firing, in common with the other suggestions of that general were neglected during the whole of this period. The author however speaks highly of the fire of the Dutch Infantry.

In a work on the Art of War published in 1809 some rules are given for target practice, recommending that the target should be 5 feet in diameter, & painted in circles in order that the riflemen might calculate their proficiency in firing. But by far the best work that appeared up to that time was a book [illegible word crossed out] [insert] called [end insert]“Twenty three years practice with rifle guns” by Ezekiel Baker Gun maker published in 1804

(here copy the first number)

(here copy from book)

he [insert] Dr Jackson also [end insert] complains that the point at which the drill of the soldier chiefly laboured was the superior rapidity of loading & firing in regularly measured time, and that the just direction of the fire which effects destruction scarcely appeared in the calculation, Such explosions he says may intimidate by their noise, but it is a mere chance if they destroy by their impression. The real object of the soldiers study is the discomfiture of the enemy. The justness of aim is the main & ultimate object of Instruction, and as it is the object which a rational system of military instruction might be supposed to inculcate, it is a matter of surprise it should be so little cultivated. The firelock is an instrument of missile force, it is obvious that the force which is missile ought to be directed with aim, otherwise it will strike only by accident, if the destruction of the enemy be the object of a battle, the arrangements of modern tactic and the drillings of the soldier counteract the purpose, History furnishes proof that the battle is rarely gained by the scientific use of the musket; noise intimidates, platoon firing strikes only at random, and the charge with the bayonet decides the question.

He recommends the abandonment of the three deep [insert] line of Infantry [end insert] as being incompatible with effective firing.

On the subject of Instruction he gives some valuable hints are given in the following passage

(here copy from the book)

beginning the degree of imperfection and ending /in reality/

Dr Jackson was a man of great practical experience as well as scientific knowledge, having been attached to the Russian & other continental arms [sic] during the war, it is therefore satisfactory to know that he considers the English [insert] we [end insert] as a nation have [illegible] for great [illegible, pl...] aptitude [insert] for [end insert] the use of missile weapons. In his own [illegible 2 words p...] no man contributed more towards the goal of this service but he was ill used by the Government of the day. His [illegible] have appeared in a Gazette & he died in poverty.

[2 paragraphs crossed out]

Altho the forgoing documents appear to have pointed out very clearly what were the requirements of the [4 words illegible] but slight improvement appears to have taken place until the year -------------

[The remainder of the text is on a separate single blue sheet, not tied to the rest of the document]

I cannot conceal from myself that the subject which I have undertaken [insert] propose to bear upon discuss [end insert] in these lectures is one of of [sic] such magnitude that many far better qualified than myself would have been deterred from undertaking it. for not only is a detailed & comprehensive acquaintance with ancient & modern history essential to the proper treatment of so vast a subject but even history itself such as it is handed down to us is silent in regard to many points which have an important bearing on the gradual development [insert] progress [end insert] of a science & [insert] that [end insert] serve as the connecting links in its slow & gradual development. [insert] the [end insert] History [insert] of war [end insert] dwells chiefly on [insert] upon [end insert] those great struggles which have influenced the social & political condition of nations but it does not follow that these [illegible] [insert] they [end insert] are always or even usually those [insert] the ones that [end insert] which have had greatest influence on [insert] upon [end insert] the science itself. The improvement of War Engine [?] & of the military institution of a country usually takes place in peace time when the attention of the community is devoted to social matters & when matters relating to [insert] seen as a [illegible words] [end insert] warlike improvements are for the most part excluded from the records of the period [insert] time [end insert] It is not certainly from those who are prominent in [insert] its [end insert] high office & in the [insert] of [end insert] administration that great improvement originate but rather from those whom retirement most affords them leisure for study & reflection. Such men are entirely deficient in the arts of self advancement it is those destined to live & die in observing the unknown benefactors of their race. and it is not until the noisy struggles of their [illegible] have attracted public attention [insert] notice [end insert] that a great invention becomes known to the world. Nor do such improvements [2 words illegible] command a place in history until [insert] they know [2 words illegible] [end insert] there again in some important transaction upon which favourable attention of the period has been entered. If there was [3 words illegible] at the property of a science from its infancy & [2 words illegible] step of [2 words illegible] established [insert] recognized [end insert] institution was led by [insert] a [end insert] [illegible] & gradual p.. [illegible word] of development to the establishment of others, if we would [illegible] & arrange the whole part as we would and divide the art into its several branches just as we might register the growth of a tree from the seedling to its fruit bearing maturity. The course would lie in lead in to the [insert] super human [end insert] Herculean task of searching out the records of obscure personages in all ages. we should have to invert the whole order of things & bring about in military p.... [illegible] would be termed rear face to the great throughout the entire time of History. Fortunately for us no such Herculean task is [illegible] to the accomplishment of one object, it is sufficient to have acquired by gradual experience in the field of improvement that things are never as they appear to be at the time & seldom as they are handed down to posterity. All ages & our own no less than others abound in new ideas which spring from the minds of men acting unknown to their contemporaries & which a... the period of their recognition in due season. long after their [2 words illegible] they have the when the world is ripe for them perhaps long after those into whose brain providence put dep... then [2 words illegible] to learn they will take their place.

[This could relate to the paper on Rifle shooting, or it might relate to Primitive Warfare, a 3 part series of papers given between 1867 and 1869 at RUSI. I cannot find this text there, but the same kinds of words and phrases are employed]

Transcribed by AP February 2015, notes by AP.

PRM PR papers Box 3_2to3

2015-02-17T17:39:02+00:00

PR papers PRM Box 3

Box 3/2

Box 3/2/1

[Aberlemno Stones} [1] Thoms]

County Buildings

Kirkwall 13 September

1889

Dear Sir

Yours of 8th has reached me here. I remember the pleasure I had in making your acquaintance in my northern dominions. I was so glad while at Lerwick lately to find the Broch of Cleckiminn [2] at last under the Ancient Monuments Act.

I am glad to learn that I can help about the Aberlemno Stones. I may be able to give you a site for them & the protecting cupola but tenants now–a-days fall to be consulted. [?] But for removal of the Stone to the Churchyard I suspect the H... [illegible, see on, typed version suggests Heritors] must be consulted. However I send your letter to my Factors in Forfar (Messrs Myles Solicitors to see what can be done

Yours truly

Geo HM Thoms [3]

General Pitt Rivers

Inspector of Ancient Monuments

Rushmore

Salisbury

Notes

[1] Aberlemno Stones, see http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/propertyresults/propertydetail.htm?PropID=PL_002

[2] Clickimin Broch, Shetland see http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/propertyresults/propertydetail.htm?PropID=PL_070

[3] George Hunter Macthomas Thoms (1831-1903), Sheriff of Caithness, Orkney and Shetland from 1870 to 1899 (see http://www.bbc.co.uk/arts/yourpaintings/paintings/g-hunter-thoms-as-magnus-troil-166289). According to he ‘held the position of 16th Chief, de jure Chief of Clan MacThomas. He was invested as a Fellow, Royal Society of Arts (F.R.S.A.). He was a practising Advocate. He was admitted to Royal Company of Archers. He held the office of Sheriff of Orkney and Zetland. He held the office of Vice-Admiral of the Pentland Firth. He was recognised by the Lord Lyon King of Arms, and matriculated his arms at the Lyons Office in 1884. He was invested as a Fellow, Society of Antiquaries (F.S.A.) (Scot).’ His home was Aberlemno.

--------------

[Aberlemno Stones

Thoms]

[2]

13 Charlotte Square

Edin. 7 Oct 1889

Dear Sir

I am now back at my moorings here for the winter. I am in correspondence with Mr Powrie of Reswallie, [1] to whom you have written & others as to the steps to be taken as to the Aberlemno Stones. As the most important one & the one suffering most injury is on Mr Webster’s property [2] & you mention in your letter to me of 8th Sept that he is willing to have “them moved to a neighbouring place of safety”. I and my friends would wish to know whether you have this consent in writing. He is so poorly at present that unless this be the case it would be imprudent to move further in the matter at present.

You will I hope excuse me writing this question

Yours truly

Geo HM Thomas

General Pitt Rivers

Rushmore

Salisbury

Notes

[1] James Powrie of Reswallie (1815-1895), Geologist and palaeontologist. http://www.scottishgeology.com/geo/famous-scottish-geologists/james-powrie-of-reswallie-1815-1895/

[2] Patrick Webster (see next letter). See http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/descriptions/112080 ‘Flemington, an estate, with an old castle, in Aberlemno parish, Forfarshire, the property of Patrick Webster, Esq. of Westfield. The castle, standing 300 yards E of the parish church, presents a strong and stately appearance. It was inhabited by the proprietor till about 1830, and afterwards was occupied by farmservants. (F.H. Groome, Ordnance Gazetteer of Scotland (1882-4)’. Patrick Webster seems to have died in 1905. His father might have been William Webster who died in 1890, see http://www.ancestor.abel.co.uk/Angus/Aberlemno.html. See also http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/34815/details/flemington+aberlemno/ for a Pictish stone found later on the same site.

------------

[Aberlemno Stones]

[3]

Rushmore

Salisbury

Oct 10th 1889

Dear Sir

When I saw you lately at Flemmington you mentioned that your Father would have no objection to the two sculptured stones on your [insert] his [end insert] property being placed under the Ancient Monuments [insert] Act [end insert] and removed to the Church yard for protection Since then I have been in communication with Sheriff Thoms and Mr Powrie both of whom are much interested in the matter & Mr Thoms has expressed his willingness to give a spot of land near the church yard for the erection of a cupola to protect it.

Before proceeding further however it is necessary to ascertain whether you are in a position to sign the deed of appointment appointing the Commissioners of Works guardians of the monument. I regret to hear that your Father is [illegible] unwell but I should be obliged if you would inform me whether he is well enough to sign the document if it is presented to him or whether you are in a position to act for him in which case I see no reason why the matter should [insert] not [end insert] at once be proceeded with

Your obedient

A Pitt Rivers

[illegible]

Inspector of Ancient Monuments

[illegible]

Patrick Webster Esq

-------------

[4]

Flemington

Oct 22nd 89

Dear Sir

I had your letter about the removal of the Old Stones. As this place is entailed I consulted the other members of my family and I find that they are quite against allowing the stones to be removed off the property but they have no objections to have them put under shelter on the property.

My Father is very poorly but if an arrangement to lift the stones is come to I will sign any document that are required. I am

Yours faithfully

Pat. Webster

Mr A Pitt Rivers

---------------

Rushmore

Salisbury

Oct 28 ‘89

My dear Sir

I enclose an answer just received from Mr Webster by which it will be seen that there is a difficulty about getting the stones moved off the property. I think the best way will be to let the stones be put at once under the Act. This Mr Webster can do by Clause 9 of the Act. After that your Committee will be in a better position to set in whatever direction may be thought desirable.

I enclose by this day’s post a copy of the Aberdeen Journal of the 22nd inst giving an a/c of the Spalding Club [1] which will show you what is being done there in the matter.

Yours very truly

A Pitt Rivers

Notes

[1] Spalding Club see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spalding_Club

-----------

Envelop marked ‘Anc. Mons, Act. / Aberlemno Stones / (a) Sheriff Thom’s letters / (b) Genl. River’s letter to Mr. Webster / (c) Webster’s (Mr.) Reply

----------------------------------------------------

Box 3/2/2

ABERLEMNO

Plates 78 to 81. Vol I

The former of these two remarkable crosses is in the Churchyard at the west end of the Kirk, and the latter stands by the roadside in an adjacent field. The Tracing refers to one which tradition says was set up to commemorate the fall of the Danes under Camus. There are also stones engraved on Plates 71 & 99. The traced Cross is inserted in a pillar of stone & in both cases there seem to have been Cairns of small stones near the Crosses. Ancient graves were were [sic] very frequently discovered.

--------------------------------------------------

Box 3/2/5

[These letters are obviously typed versions of the letters in Box 3/2/1, they were presumably typed by one of Pitt-Rivers’ assistants]

[complete]

Copy No. 1. From Mr. G. Thomas.

ABERLEMNO STONES.

County Buildings,

Kirkwall,

September 13th, 1889

Dear Sir

Yours of 8th has reached me here. I remember the pleasure I had in making your acquaintance in my northern dominions. I was so glad while at Lerwick lately to find the Broch of Clickanim [sic] at last under the Ancient Monuments Act.

I am glad to learn that I can help about the Aberlemno Stones. I may be able to give you a site for them and the protecting cupola but tenants now–a-days fall to be consulted. But for removal of the Stone to the Churchyard I suspect the Heritors must be consulted. However I send your letter to my Factors in Forfar (Messrs Myles, Solicitors) to see what can be done.

Yours very truly,

Geo H.M. Thoms [3]

General Pitt Rivers, Inspector of Ancient Monuments,

Rushmore, Salisbury

Copy No. 2. From Mr. G. Thomas.

13 Charlotte Square

Edinburgh

October 7th 1889.

Dear Sir,

I am now back at my moorings here for the winter. I am in correspondence with Mr. Powrie of Reswallie, to whom you have written & others, as to the steps to be taken as to the Aberlemno Stones. As the most important one & the one suffering most injuries is on Mr. Webster’s property and you mention in your letter to me of 8th September that he is willing to have them moved to a neighbouring place of safety. I and my friends would wish to know whether you have this consent in writing. He is so poorly at present, that unless this be the case it would be imprudent to move further in the matter at present.

You will, I hope, excuse me writing this question.

Yours truly,

Geo. H.M. Thomas

General Pitt Rivers.

Rushmore, Salisbury.

Copy No. 3. From General Pitt Rivers.

Rushmore, Salisbury.

October 10th, 1889.

Dear Sir,

When I saw you lately at Flemmington you mentioned that your Father would have no objection to the two sculptured stones on his property being placed under the Ancient Monuments Act and removed to the Churchyard for protection. Since then I have been in communication with Sheriff Thoms and Mr. Powrie, both of whom are much interested in the matter, and Mr. Thoms has expressed his willingness to give a spot of land near the Churchyard for the erection of a cupola to protect it.

Before proceeding further, however, it is necessary to ascertain whether you are in a position to sign the Deed of Appointment, appointing the Commissioners of Works Guardians of the Monument.

I regret to hear that your Father is still unwell but I should be obliged if you would inform me whether he is well enough to sign the document, if it is presented to him, or whether you are in a position to act for him, in which case I see no reason why the matter should not at once be proceeded with

Your obediently,

A. Pitt Rivers (Lt. General.)

Inspector of Ancient Monuments

in Great Britain

Patrick Webster Esq

Copy No. 4. From Mr. Patrick Webster.

Flemington,

October 22nd, 1889.

Dear Sir,

I had your letter about the removal of the Old Stones. As this place is entailed I consulted the other members of my family and I find that they are quite against allowing the Stones to be removed off the property but they have no objections to have them put under shelter on the property.

My Father is very poorly, but if an arrangement to lift the Stones is come to, I will sign any document that are required.

I am,

Yours faithfully,

Patrick Webster

General A. Pitt Rivers

Copy No. 5. From General Pitt Rivers.

Rushmore, Salisbury

October 28th, 1889.

My dear Sir,

I enclose an answer just received from Mr. Webster, by which it will be seen that there is a difficulty about getting the Stones moved off the property. I think the best way will be to let the Stones be put at once under the Act. This Mr. Webster can do by Clause. 9. of the Act. After that your Committee will be in a better position to set in whatever direction may be thought desirable.

I enclose by this day’s post a copy of the Aberdeen Journal of the 22nd inst., giving an account of the Spalding Club which will shew you what is being done there in the matter.

Yours very truly,

A. Pitt Rivers

George Thoms Esq

Then there is another exact copy of the above, this time marked ‘Incomplete’ in pencil at the top, with at the end another carbon copy of a typed document:

Ancient Monuments Act. 1882.

The Sculptured Stone on the Road-side opposite the School, Aberlemno, Scotland.

This is not a SCHEDULED MONUMENT.

Office of Works.

November 7th, 1889.

Secretary,

I beg to inform you that the under-mentioned owner has intimated his wish to place the Monument on his property, named below, under the Protection of “The Ancient Monuments Act”.

Monument.—The Sculptured Stone on the Roadside opposite the School. Aberlemno, near Forfar, N.B.

Owner.—Patrick Webster Esq.,

Flemington,

Forfar, N.B.

Description of Monument.—This is a Sculptured Stone with a Cross and Figures in relief; one of the most important specimens of its class in Scotland. The accompanying Photographs of both sides, give only an imperfect idea of it, as I was able to wait for a favourable light for taking them. The Sculptures represent hunting scenes and symbols of the usual type found in Early Christian Crosses in Scotland. [1] It is figured in Stuart’s Sculptured Stones of Scotland.vol I. Plates LXXX & LXXXI.

Condition of monument & damage which it has sustained:--It is in fairly good condition, but in a dangerous position on the roadside exposed to stone throwing from the School Children.

Recommendation:--A Committee has been formed to consider the best means of protecting the Stone. Sheriff Thoms has offered a piece of ground close to the Church-yard and a subscription is proposed to be raised for building a cupola over it to protect it from rain.

After the Deed of Appointment has been signed, a further communication will be made to you, as to the measured proposed to be taken and soliciting a Grant in Aid, but, in the meantime it is important to get it under the Act.

Notes

[1] From this description it would seem that this stone is probably the stone described as ‘Aberlemno Roadside Cross Slab’ described on this site http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/propertyresults/propertydetail.htm?PropID=PL_002 or ‘Aberlemno 3’ on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aberlemno_Sculptured_Stones.

Ancient Monuments Protection Act. 1882.

Sculptured Stones at Aberlemno.

Patrick Webster.

15th April, 1890.

The Secretary (with 86604 & 6605/89)

I prepared a Deed of Appointment in the usual form in respect of the two Monuments and forwarded it to Mr. Webster for execution, and I transmit herewith a Copy of a letter which I have to-day received from him that he will sign the Deed provided that the Stones are not removed from his property. I do not think the Act confers any power on the Commissioners to remove the Stones and Mr. Webster would probably desire some formal intimation from the Commissioners that it is not their intention to remove them.

H. Cuffe

Flemington, Forfar, N.B.,

12th April, 1890.

Sir,

I beg to acknowledge receipt of your letter of the 8th current, and also of Deed of Appointment of The Commissioners of Her Majesty’s Works and Public Buildings to be Guardians of the Sculptured Stones on my property at Aberlemno.

You are mistaken in stating that I desire to place these Monuments under the guardianship of H.M. Commissioners of Works, &c, but I have no objection to sign the Deed provided that this does not grant power to remove the Stones form my property.

I am, Sir,

Your obedient Servant,

Patrick Webster.

per James Stewart.

H. Cuffe Esq.,

Solicitor’s Department, Treasury, London.

General Pitt Rivers

What do you advise?

H.R.P. [1] 17th April , 1890.

I see no objection to a formal, intimation being given by the Commissioners of Works that the Stones will not be removed off the property. It frustrates the arrangement originally proposed, viz., that the Stones should be placed on a piece of ground offered by Sheriff Thoms, adjoining the property and adjoining the Church Yard. But if this cannot be carried out, it is nevertheless important to get the Stones placed under the Act, and as soon as this is done I will transmit the correspondence to Sheriff Thoms with a request that his Committee will consider the best means of protecting the Stones upon the property, and state what means, if any, are available locally for carrying it out.

A. Pitt Rivers.

April 21st, 1890.

The Solicitor

Mr. Webster may be informed as General Pitt-Rivers recommends.

H.R.P. 22 Apr.90

Received 23 Apr. 1890

The Secretary

I wrote to Mr. Webster on the 25th April last to inform him that the Stones would not be removed from his property but I have received no further communication from him, nor has he sent me the Deed of Appointment executed.

H.C. 29th January, 1891.

General Pitt-Rivers. H.R.P. 30 Jan. 90

This is one of several instances, in which the owners have changed their mind in consequence of the delay caused by having to lay the case of each Monument before both Houses of Parliament, during Session of Parliament. It should be understood that the owners rarely or never desire to place their Monuments under the Act. They are sometimes persuaded to do so on public grounds, and if taken at once would no doubt sign the Deed of Appointment, but when delay occurs and time is given them to change, they think the matter is not being pursued, and when the Deed of Appointment is sent to them some time afterwards, they frequently refuse or drop the subject.

A. Pitt-Rivers

Feb. 2nd, 1891

Notes

[1] Henry William Primrose (1846-1923) Scottish civil servant, secretary of the Office of Works from 1887 to 1895.

2nd carbon copy of the 2nd version of the typed letters, marked ‘Incomplete’. [not transcribed]

[The following is on usual Office of Works memoranda paper, but carbon copy of typed form above]

[Subject]

Ancient Monuments Act. 1882.

The Sculptured Stone on the Road-side opposite the School, Aberlemno, Scotland.

This is not a SCHEDULED MONUMENT.

[Memoranda]

Office of Works.

November 7th, 1889.

Secretary,

I beg to inform you that the under-mentioned owner has intimated his wish to place the Monument on his property, named below, under the Protection of “The Ancient Monuments Act”.

Monuments.—The Sculptured Stone on the Roadside opposite the School, Aberlemno, near Forfar, N.B.

Owner.—Patrick Webster Esq.,

Flemington,

Forfar, N.B.

Condition of monument & damage which it has sustained:--It is in fairly good condition, but in a dangerous position on the roadside exposed to stone throwing from the School Children.

A. Pitt-Rivers

This monument has been brought under the operation of the Act being included in an Order of Council dated 8th Feb, 1890, which has now lain for 40 days before both Houses of Parliament.

The Solicitor,

Please prepare usual appointment.

H.R.P. 1st April, 1890

Received 1st April, 1890

2nd carbon copy of the above not transcribed

2nd carbon copy of the correspondence starting with letter from H. Cuffe dated 15 April 1890.

-------------------------------------------------

Box 3/3

Box 3/3/1

[Wolfeton House

Dorchester]

Sept 27/ 87

My dear General

I will communicate at once with the Mayor & will let you know directly. I can [?] as to what he says—

I quite agree with you in thinking it most desirable that the Amphitheatre should be safely preserved for those who will come after us – you shall hear again within a few days.

Yours very truly

Albert Bankes [1]

Our united kind regards to Mrs Pitt Rivers & yourself

Notes

[1] Wynne Albert Bankes (1840-1913), see http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/download/GB0031%20D181. Served in the Royal Navy, went to Trinity Hall, Cambridge, trained as barrister. Closely associated with Dorset County Museum. See http://web.prm.ox.ac.uk/sswm/sswm_letters/SSWM_RPR_L52.pdf

-------------

Box 3/3/2

Thurs Sept 29/87

My dear General

Have just heard from the Mayor of Dorchester.

He says that the Amphitheatre is partly in the Boro’ & partly in the Duchy so he thinks the simplest plan will be for you to write a formal letter to him requesting him to assist you by getting [insert] both [end insert] the Permission of his Boro’ Council & also of the Duchy which he kindly offers to do through Mr Holzman [1] the Duchy [insert] of Cornwall [end insert] Secretary.

Mr. Pope promises to write to you also on the subject. [2] Mr. Pope belongs both to the Field Club & to the County Museum & is all in favour of protecting the Amphitheatre.

You can if you like mention this in yr. letter to Mr Pope as it would please him to get him to take all the greater interest in the matter

His address is

Alfred Pope Esq

(Mayor of Dorchester)

Dorchester.

If I can help you further pray let me know

Yours very truly

Albert Bankes

Notes

[1] Sir Maurice Holzmann (1835-1909) Secretary and Keeper of the Records to the Duchy of Cornwall

[2] Alfred Pope, (1842-1934) Solicitor, twice Mayor of Dorchester. He turned Eldridge Pope into a successful family brewing business.

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Box 3/3/3

[South Walk House

Dorchester]

Sep’r 30: 87

Dear Mr Mansel Pleydell [1]

I am very glad the question of preserving our Amphitheatre as a monument of antiquity has been taken up.

Mr A. Bankes has already written to me, at the request of Gen’l Pitt Rivers on this subject and being in London yesterday I called Mr Holzmann the secy of the Duchy of Cornwall with his letter

The Amphitheatre is the [illegible] of the Duchy & as quasi Crown Lands do not he says require to be protected by the “Ancient Monuments Act” However I would suggest that an application be made direct to him by Genl Pitt Rivers as commissioner under the act: when some definite understanding will doubtless be arrived at. It seems to me most important that so interesting a work should be preserved as a monument of antiquity

Believe me

Yours most truly

Alfred Pope

J.C. Mansel Pleydell

Notes

[1] John Clavell Mansel-Pleydell (1817-1902) Dorset antiquary and neighbour of Pitt-Rivers see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Clavell_Mansel-Pleydell

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Box 3/3/4

[South Walk House

Dorchester]

Sep’r 31: 87

Dear Sir

Both Mr A Bankes and Mr Mansel Pleydell have written me as to the desirability of including our Amphitheatre under the “Ancient Monuments Act” I called on Mr Holzmann the secy of the Duchy of Cornwall yesterday with Mr Bankes letter

He assures me that there would be no necessity of including this work in the act as there being quasi Crown [illegible] there is not the least danger of its ever being disturbed. I think however it would be more satisfactory for you to apply to him direct, his address is

Holzmann Esq

Duchy of Cornwall office

Buckingham Pal

London S.W.

where he says he will duly reply to your letter after looking further into the matter.

And I am sure as speaking [?] on behalf of the Towns people of Dorchester we will be very much obliged if you would do so. As it seems to me that so interesting a monument of antiquity should have every protection afforded it.

Believe me my dear Sir

Yours very truly

Alfred Pope

Genl Pitt Rivers

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Box 3/3/5

[Whatcombe

Blandford

and Telegraph]

September 22 1887

My dear General Pitt Rivers

I have written to Mr Pope the Mayor of Dorchester about placing the Amphitheatre under the Act and await his reply with some interest. I have pointed out to him the advantage of placing for it statutory protection, & reminded him of the damage it incurred under the South Western Company’s Act and the fatal consequences had the company carried out its first proposal to run the [illegible] right through. I have been [illegible] with Mr Osmon [sic] Fisher [1] at a bed of river quite about 100 feet above the Valley in which a couple of years ago I found the humerus of Elephan. Mr Fisher’s curiosity was stimulated & we had a day together last week – from the grinding part of a molar besides innumerable fragments of tusk. I received a letter from him this morning in which he says he is almost certain the teeth belong to Elephan Meridionalis a species which belongs to the palaeolithic age—contemporary with E. antiquir.. and has never before been found [illegible] but only in the submerged forests off Cromer. This will be another lustre for the Old County! I think I have added a new [illegible] today to our Botanical List [several words crossed out and illegible] It has only been distinguished from the Well known Spagarium [sic 2] Da... [illegible] within the last two years & is christened S. ne...tum. Another interesting addition to the ornithology of Dorset has just been brought to my notice by one of my favourites when mowing machine last from disturbed a Hen Harrier when sitting upon 4 eggs which he took & unfortunately gave to a London lad who took them away with him & I feel are unfortunately lost.

We enjoyed Mrs Pitt Rivers & Alice’s visit here last week very much. Please remember us to both

Believe me

Yours very truly

J.C. Mansel Pleydell

Notes

[1] Reverend Osmond Fisher (1817-1914) see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmond_Fisher

[2] Possibly peat moss sphagnum?

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Box 3/3/6

[Whatcombe

Blandford

and Telegraph]

Oct 1 1887

My dear General Pitt Rivers

I enclose you a letter I received this morning from Mr Pope the Mayor of Dorchester. Of which you will see he has called upon the [illegible] Secretary and opened the [illegible] of placing the amphitheatre under the Act. I scarcely think the Prince or his advisors will not [2 words illegible] but not accept the protection the Act offers to protect Monuments

I remain

Yours very truly

J.C. Mansel Pleydell

----------------

Box 3/3/7

Dorchester Dec 1 87

Sir

I did not reply to your note respecting the Amphitheatre earlier, as the Mayor [3 words illegible] I now find him in correspondence with you on the subject Of course I should join in any efforts to keep it intact There is a boundary stone at present on the East side of the bank, it is a thing that I should [3 words illegible] but the Town Surveyor tells me that he is going to post it on the combe of the A... [illegible] still. The boundary stone should be put outside face of the Amphitheatre If you wish to refer to the article &c the illustrations of the Hand of Iron Bronze & other objects found in Balbury [?] Camp Dorset it is in Vol 48 of the Archaeologia. The anchor [?] Bronzes, beast [2 words illegible] that you [6 words illegible]

I am Sir

[4 words illegible]

Ed Cassington [possibly]

Genl Pitt Rivers F.R.S.

---------------------------------------------------------

Box 3/3/8

[Nash Mills

Hemel Hempstead]

June 16 1890

My dear Pitt-Rivers

Many thanks for the sight of the enclosed which I return in case you may like to send it to some one else. I do not think that the amphitheatre at Dorchester is one of the monuments under your charge, but I may mention that I have a letter from [illegible] that it is suffering from the turf being worn through and holes being grubbed in the underlying chalk by the boys of the neighbourhood. Is it worth while writing to the Mayor of Dorchester?

Believe me

Yours most truly

John Evans

-------------------

[Copy]

June 293rd 90

Dear Mr Mansell Pleydell

Thanks for sending me the report of your address it is most useful to give a resumé of the scientific work of the year in the way you have done.

I enclose a typed copy of a letter from Mr Evans the President of the Society of Antiquaries about the [illegible] amphitheatre. I moved in the matter of its protection some time ago the Mayor was in favour of putting it under the act but it belongs to the Duchy of Cornwall & the Duchy refused. I know nothing of the damage reported in the letter but it is a pity it should not been looked after. I always now refer such [illegible] to the local archaeological body and some good has been done in that way perhaps you could take it up

Yrs very truly

A Pitt Rivers

---------------

June 293rd 1890

Dear Sir

I enclose a type written copy of a letter from Dr. Evans President of the Society of Antiquaries relating to some damage done in the Amphitheatre in Dorchester and shall be glad if you should find it in your Power to stop the injury complained of. You will remember there was a previous correspondence on the subject

Yours truly

A Pitt Rivers

The first Inspector of Ancient Monuments in Britain

-----------

[Town Clerk’s Office

Dorchester June 26th 1890]

Sir,

The Mayor has handed to me your letter of the 23rd inst. with enclosure relating to certain damage stated to have been committed to The Maumbury Rings or Amphitheatre at this town. A letter has also been received by the Mayor from Mr Henry Moule the Curator of the Dorset County Museum on the same subject. As I think was pointed out in the previous correspondence to which you allude the amphitheatre is the property of The Duchy of Cornwall and the Corporation of Dorchester has no jurisdiction over it which would enable them to take steps for its preservation.

The Mayor however is much obliged to you for drawing his attention to the matter which he has directed me to bring under the notice of the Duchy authorities.

I remain Sir Yours Obed’t Serv’t

H. Symonds

[illegible] Town Clerk

Lieut. Genl. A. Pitt Rivers

Inspector of Ancient Monuments

Rushmore Salisbury

----------------

Box 3/3/9

Envelop marked ‘Amphitheatre at Dorchester / A.M. Act Correspondence

---------------

Box 3/3/10

[Duchy of Cornwall Office,

Buckingham Gate, S.W.]

7th October 1887

Sir,

I beg to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of yesterday’s date with its enclosure and to inform you that I will submit it at the next meeting of the Prince of Wales’s Council which I expect to take place in the course of the next month.

I think it right to mention at once that the records of the Duchy shew the ancient Amphitheatre at Dorchester, locally known as Maumbury Rings, to belong entirely to the Duchy of Cornwall and I am not aware of a claim having before been raised by the Town Council of Dorchester to any part thereof.

Accordingly the ground enclosed by the ancient walls has been and is still held on tenancy from the Duchy on condition of allowing free access to the public.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your obedient Servant,

M. Holzmann

Lieut General

A. Pitt Rivers F.R.S.

&c &c &c

-------------------

Box 3/3/11

[Duchy of Cornwall Office,

Buckingham Gate, S.W.]

13th December 1887

Sir,

In accordance with my letter of the 7th October last your application of the previous day for placing under the guardianship of the Commissioners of Works, under the provisions of the Ancient Monuments Protection Act 1882, the ancient Roman Amphitheatre at Dorchester locally known as Mambury [sic] Rings, has been submitted to a recent meeting of the Council of His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales and I have been directed to express their regret at being unable to comply with your request.

As your application appears to have been based on the assumption that part only of the Amphitheatre belongs to the Duchy of Cornwall and the other part to the Town Council of Dorchester, I am to inform you that the statement to this effect of the late Mayor, Mr. A. Pope, must have been based on an erroneous impression, which, I am given to understand, is not shared by the present Mayor and other inhabitants of the Town, and that the Duchy Records prove the whole of the Mambury Rings to be parcel of the ancient possessions of the Duchy. The bound stones of the Borough which by sufferance have stood on the mounds merely indicate its limit without implying that the land within such limits is the property of the Town Council.

I am to add that the question of placing the ancient monuments within Duchy possessions under the protection of such an Act as the one referred to above was under consideration in 1873 when a Bill on the subject was first introduced into Parliament, but that after consultation with the Home Office it was then deemed advisable to strike out of the Schedule those monuments including Mambury Rings, which were existing on Duchy lands.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your obedient Servant,

M. Holzmann

Lieut General A. Pitt Rivers F.R.S.

&c &c &c

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Box 3/3/12

Rushmore

Salisbury

Oct 6th 1887

Sir

I beg to request you will have the kindness to inform me whether the Authorities of the Duchy of Cornwall are willing to place their part of the Amphitheatre at Dorchester which belongs to them under the protection of the Ancient Monuments Act. Being the property of two owners I think it most desirable that its preservation should be secured for the future in the manner I suggest. I have applied to Mr. Pope in reference to the part that belongs to the Town Council & he informs me that he is [insert] & they are [end insert] most anxious to have their portion of the monument put under the Act. It is difficult to conceive how any harm or inconvenience would arise to either owner by carrying out the wishes of the Government in this respect and the monument is one of such great interest that I think no steps should be neglected which are calculated to ensure its preservation.

It has I understand already had one narrow escape during the construction of the railway. I enclose copy of the act which is official & by wh. it will be seen that its inclusion under the act will not in any way affect ownership nor does it establish any right of way

I remain

Sir

Your obedient ..

A Pitt Rivers

Lt General

Superintendent [? sic] of Ancient Monuments in Great Britain

------------------

Box 3/3/13

[Crichel

Wimborne]

Friday

My dear General

Thank you very much indeed for your letter. Maiden Castle [illegible, also underlined] are quite [illegible] likely to do what you like there.

Fig excavate

Motel [?] treats the place as if it were his own property – but must I write a letter to this tenant –

Mr H. Duke-Junice [?]

High East St

Dorchester

and tell him when you are coming that also you have got my permission –

I did [illegible] a lot of things [7 words illegible] quite different

..S

Alington [1]

Notes

[1] This appears to be Henry Gerard Sturt, 1st Baron Alington of Crichel. His home was Crichel House, Wimborne. He was a Conservative MP. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Sturt,_1st_Baron_Alington. His handwriting is almost totally illegible!

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Box 3/3/14

[Bridehand

Dorchester]

13 Brunswick Terrace

Brighton

5 Oct 1887

Mr. Robert Williams presents his compliments to General Pitt Rivers and begs to inform him that he is willing to put the two monuments which he mentions under the protection of the Ancient Monuments Act. If Mr. R.W. is expected to put up a notice board he will be glad to be informed the terms of this notice.

-----------------

Box 3/3/15

[on outside] Amphitheatre

Dorchester

Letter to Mayor of Dorchester on the preservation of

30 Sep. 87

Letter to Duchy of Cornwall

6 Oct. 87

Rushmore

Salisbury

30 Sept 1887

Sir

I write as superintendent of Ancient Monuments in Great Britain under the Office of Works to inquire whether you and the Borough Council are willing to place the Amphitheatre at Dorchester under the protection of the Ancient Monuments Act.

The Amphitheatre has I believe once narrowly escaped destruction during the formation of the railway and as you [insert] are [end insert] yourself personally interested in archaeological matters, it is hardly necessary that I should dwell on the importance of securing so interesting a monument from the possibility of being injured in the future.

I enclose a copy of the Act with a preface which is official by which it will be seen that the act of placing a monument under the guardianship of the Commissioners of Works does not in any way affect ownership nor does it establish any right of way that does not already exist.

I am informed that the amphitheatre is party in the Boro’ and partly in the Duchy of Cornwall but Mr. Banks tells me that you are kind enough to say that you will communicate with the Secretary of the Duchy on the subject. Should you be able to do this and obtain the consent both of the Boro’ Council and of the authorities for the Duchy to having this monument included in the Act, I should be much obliged.

I remain,

Sir,

&c &c

A. Pitt Rivers

(2)

To Mr Holzmann

Duchy of Cornwall

Buckingham Gate, S.W.

Rushmore

Salisbury

Oct 6.87

Sir

I beg to request you will have the kindness to inform me whether the Authorities of the Duchy of Cornwall are willing to place that part of the Amphitheatre at Dorchester which belongs to them, under the protection of the Ancient Monuments Act. Being the property of two owners I think it most desirable that its preservation should be secured for the future in the manner I suggest. I have applied to Mr. Pope, Mayor of Dorchester, in reference to the part that belongs to the Town Council & he informs me that he and they are most anxious to have their portion of the monument put under the Act. It is difficult to conceive how any harm or inconvenience would arise to either owner by carrying out the wishes of the Government in this respect and the monument is one of which such great interest that I think no steps should be neglected which are calculated to ensure its preservation.

It has I understand already had one narrow escape during the construction of the railway.

I enclose a copy of the act which is official and by which it will be seen that its inclusion under the act will not in any way affect ownership nor does it establish any right of way which does not already exist

I have the honour &c

A. Pitt Rivers

----------------------------------------

Box 3/3/16

[The Bristol and District Footpath Preservation Society ...]

4 Exchange East

Bristol 10 June 1893

Dear Sir

A Complaint has been made to our Society that there have been certain wrongful encroachments made upon Hambledon Hill which is I believe in the Parish of Child Okeford not far from Blandford and about two miles or less from Shillingstone Station. I believe that both Hambledon Hill and Hodhill have on the top interesting Roman or British Camps and it is stated that encroachments have been made by the Hon. C.B. Portman. I should be glad to be informed if it is so – that the hill in question (Hambledon) was formerly open land, and also if it is true (as asserted) that it has been wrongfully enclosed.

I should also be glad if you were able to furnish me with the names of persons in your locality who might taken an interest in the matter

Yours truly

Rich’d C. Tuckett [2]

Lieut. General A.H.L.F. Pitt-Rivers

Rushmore Lodge

Salisbury

Notes

[1] Cecil Berkeley Portman (1869-1915).

[2] Richard Clapson Tuckett, founder of the South West of England Footpaths Preservation Society and Honorary Secretary of the Bristol and West of England Academy see http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/rd/b92c2ce0-203a-4f72-85fc-392754ea9dbe.

-------------------

Box 3/3/17

[Tenant Hill Circle]

[Ansd May 18/95]

Alona House, Weymouth

May 6 1895

Sir,

About four miles south of Abbotsbury, on the Duke of Bedford’s estate, there is a very rough irregular circle of stones; it is under “the Ancient Monuments Protection Act.” [1]

The inside are is large – under turf.

Would there by any objection to my digging there in the interest of the Dorset Field Club? Of course I should undertake not to touch a stone, & to make good the ground, also, I suppose it would be necessary to get the Duke’s consent.

I beg to remain

Sir,

Your obd servant

Ed. Cunnington

Genl Pitt-Rivers FRS &c &c

Rushton [sic]

Notes

[1] Kingston Russell stone circle, see http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/daysout/properties/kingston-russell-stone-circle/

--------

Copy

Rushmore

Salisbury

May 18/ 95

Dear Mr Cunnington,

It would of course be necessary in the first place to get the Duke of Bedford’s consent for digging at Kingston Russell. Then you would have to apply to the Board of Works, which might be done through me if you thought proper.

Yrs very truly

A. Pitt Riveres

Ed. Cunnington Esq. [1]

Notes

[1] Edward Benjamin Howard Cunnington (1861-1950) see here

------------------

Box 3 / 3 / 18

Large sealed legal-sized envelope marked 'Dorchester Amphitheatre'

--------------------------------------------------------

Box 3 / 3 / 19

Extract from The Gentleman’s Magazine

1768

A quarter of a mile east of Poxwell near the road from Winfrith Newburgh to Weymouth, are fifteen stones, ranged in a circular form; one or two seem to be wanting on the north-east, or perhaps a vacant space was left for an entrance, some of them are quite level with, others but little above the surface of the ground; two on the south-west are 2 feet high and broad some scarce 1. They are extremely rude, irregular, and full of holes, worn by the weather and time, they stand on a stump, on rising ground, round which are the remains of a shallow ditch, The diameter of the circle is 4 1/2 yards eight or nine paces from this are three or four erect stones, which might perhaps have been the remains of another about 200 yards from these, on the north-east are four larger, which perhaps formed another larger circle, or might have been an a... [illegible] to the former.

------------------

Box 3 / 3 / 20

Tracing

Poxwell Circle

by General Pitt-Rivers

Commr for the Act for the Preservation of Ancient Monuments

[2 Tracings]

-----------------

Box 3 / 3 / 21

[on exterior] Anc. M. Act/ Dorset Monuments / Pokeswell Stone Circle

Stone Circle at Pokeswell Dorset

Rushmore

Salisbury

Nov. 2. 1887

Dear Mr Mansel Pleydell

Do you know Co. Cambridge. [1] I am not acquainted with him. He is the owner of a stone circle at Pokeswell near Dorchester which I should like to get put under the act. I will write to him but not knowing him personally it would probably have a better effect if you would not mind taking the trouble of writing to him also. His address is I believe Bloxworth, Wareham.

Yours very truly

A. Pitt Rivers

Notes

[1] This is Colonel Jocelyn Pickard-Cambridge (1828-1900), see https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVM6-Y1BW

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Box 3 / 3 / 22

Bloxworth House

Wareham

Dorset

6/11/87

Sir

I am in receipt of your letter regarding the supposed Druidical remains at Poxwell. I have always had very much doubt as to its being any thing of the kind – but merely a few stones lying about, the refuse of an old quarry –

The picture of it in the Dorset Antiquary book is very much exagerated [sic] as there are no stones lying about that any one could imagine a Circle had existed –

I do not think under any circumstances (whatever there may be there) that it should be brought under the protection of the act.

I am

Yours obtly [obediently]

Jocelyn P. Cambridge

Colonel

-----------------

Box 3 / 3 / 23

[Whatcombe

Blandford.

And Telegraph]

Nov 7. 1887 [1]

My dear General Pitt-Rivers

I find the Circle of Poxwell belongs to Colonel Cambridge. I will ride over to Bloxworth next week & see him about it. His brother who is not on speaking terms & leaves it to me which I will do promptly. I am [2 words illegible] to him of Mr Lee W... [looks like Worms] letter which is disgraceful & mean writing to attack you in a [illegible] paper just as he is [2 words illegible] coming

With affet. remembrances to Mrs Pitt-Rivers

I remain

Yours very truly

J.C. Mansel-Pleydell

Notes

[1] Although the date appears to be November 7th it does not seem to accord with /21 which tells Mansel-Pleydell who owns the site several days earlier?

---------------

Box 3 / 3 / 24

[Whatcombe

Blandford.

And Telegraph]

November 24th 1887

My dear General Pitt-Rivers

At last I have received Colonel Cambridge’s reply which is as disappointing as possible In the first place he is unable to give the Poxwell Circle [illegible] the [illegible] of the Ancient Monuments Act as he is only Life Tenant, but further adds “Even if I had such I shd have been very much disinclined to do so, as [illegible] a thing 4 handed over to [2 words illegible] by any hand of Government it is then not of our keeping & order” rather vague!! This “keeping & order” [illegible] passing management here not tended & [illegible] the relic a...ing to Col. Cambridges statement to me which he considered to be [2 words illegible]. I read your communication to the Conference [?] of Delegates at Man... a committee with the Brit Association with much interest. You certainly have little help & sympathy. I am laid up & rather obliged to take great care of myself the winter is dealing rather roughly with me. I think Liberal Unionism will look up now the Wolveton matter is removed. I hear on every side how l... [in a different hand lavishly] he bribed the poor [illegible] with his F... & T... B... [2 words illegible] a good picking. We had a small but useful meeting of Liberal [illegible] at Wimborne on Saturday Lord [illegible] & Willy Portman were present. [illegible sentence] our very kind remembrances to Mrs Pitt Rivers

I remain

Yours very truly

J.C. Mansel Pleydell

[Transcriber’s apologies for the failure to transcribe this almost illegible letter]

----------------------------------------------

Box 3 / 3 / 25

Rushmore

Feb 7th 1888

Sir

From the remarks that were made at the meeting of the Dorset Natural History Field Club the report of which appeared in your last number. It would appear [sic] as if I had advocated some lesser scheme for collecting scientific information than that which the Club are able and willing to undertake. This however requires explanation. there can be no doubt that the field club is well regarded in collecting and tabulating information upon all the various subjects that fall within its province and this is sure to be well done under the able guidance of Mr Mansel Pleydell the President. Any recommendations that I have made upon the subject have had had [sic] reference to the Ancient Monuments Act only the carrying out of which in Great Britain has been placed in my hands by the Government. The Act is purely permissive and at present relates to prehistoric monuments only nor does the Government propose to include in the Act all the [insert] purchasable [end insert] Monuments that can be obtained but only the most important ones. It would not be right to saddle the country with the expense of maintaining newer monuments that must be left to local societies to look after. It is possible the scope of the act may be extended hereafter meanwhile neither British nor Roman roads have as yet been included to protect a road would require the voluntary cooperation of all the owners over whose property the road passes, Dorsetshire is not very rich in monuments of the better class of prehistoric monuments

Mr Williams has offered the nine stones at Winterbourne Abbas. [1] Mr Sheridan the Grey Mare and Colts [2] and Kingstone [sic] Russell stone circle has been offered by the Duke of Bedford [3] which I think will be accepted & others no doubt may be added to the list.

[on reverse] Dorset Field Club on the Monuments in County Letter to paper about by Genl. P.R. Feb 7’88

Notes

[1] The nine stones at Winterbourne Abbas see http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/daysout/properties/the-nine-stones/. Mr Williams appears to be Robert Williams whose seat was at Bridehead, see http://www.weymouth-dorset.co.uk/winterbourneabbas.html and http://www.weymouth-dorset.co.uk/little-bredy.html

[2] See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Grey_Mare_and_her_Colts and http://www.pastscape.org/hob.aspx?hob_id=450303&sort=4&search=all&criteria=grey%20mare&rational=q&recordsperpage=10

[3] Kingston Russell see http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/daysout/properties/kingston-russell-stone-circle/

------------------------------------------

Box 3 / 3 / 26

[in red ink] Tenant Hill Circle [see note 3 above]

[in pencil] Office

B 6936/ 87

[Number of separate enclosures] Plan and General View of Stone Circle on Tenant Hill, Kingston Russell Farm.

[Subject] Ancient Monuments Act

Stone Circle on Tenant Hill, Kingston Russell Farm near Dorchester.

This is not a scheduled monument

[Memoranda] [written on side] Accepted for O. in C.

Office of Works

Nov. 1. 1887.

Secretary,

I beg to inform you that the under-mentioned owner has expressed his wish to place the monument named below under the protection of the Ancient Monuments Act.

Monument. Stone Circle on Tenant Hill, Kingston Russell Farm, parish of

Owner. The Duke of Bedford

Woburn Abbey, Bedfordshire.

Solicitor. Thomas Wing Esq, Bedford Office, Bloomsbury, London, W.C. * [note at bottom]* to whom the Duke which [insert] wishes [end insert] all further reference on this subject to be made.

Description of Monument. It consists of 18 stones arranged in an irregular circle of about 80 feet average diameter and two stones in line at 180 feet to the S.E. of the centre.

The stones are not large and appear to be prostrate but probably parts of them extend beneath the surface, and the circle appears to be fairly perfect.

Condition of the Monument and Damage which it has sustained. I am not aware of any recent injury having been done to them.

Recommendation for the Protection of the Monument. The usual notice board is all that will be requisite.

Lt. General

Superintendent of Ancient Monuments.

--------------

[in red ink] TENANT HILL CIRCLE

B 6936/ 5. NOV. 87

[Number of separate enclosures] Plan and General View of Stone circle on Tenant Hill, Kingston Russell Farm.

[Subject] Ancient Monuments Act

Stone Circle on Tenant Hill, Kingston Russell Farm near Dorchester.

This is not a scheduled monument

[Memoranda]

Office of Works

Nov. 1. 1887.

Secretary,

I beg to inform you that &c

Monument. Stone Circle on Tenant Hill, Kingston Russell Farm near Dorchester

Owner. The Duke of Bedford

Woburn Abbey, Bedfordshire.

[illegible] Thomas Wing Esq,

Bedford Office,

Bloomsbury, W.C.

to whom the Duke wishes all further reference on this subject to be made.

Description of Monument. It consists of 18 stones arranged in an irregular circle of about 80 feet average diameter and two stones in line at 180 ft to the S.E. of the centre. The Stones are not large and appear to be prostrate, but probably parts of them extend beneath the surface, and the circle appears to be fairly perfect.

Condition &c Monument. I am not aware of any recent injury having been done to them.

Recommendation for the Protection &c.

The usual notice board is all that will be requisite.

A. Pitt Rivers

4963

28 July ‘88

Bedford Office

Bloomsbury

27 July 88

Sir

As the Appointment by His Grace The Duke of Bedford of the Commissioners of Her Majesty’s Works &c to be Guardians of this Monument can only be made on the distinct understanding that the Circle is not to be fenced, I shall be obliged by your written assurance to that effect.

I remain &c

Your obedient servant

Thomas T. Wing

B4963

28 July ‘88

[illegible possibly Mr] [illegible]

Stone Circle Tenant Hill.

TT Wing. For written assurance that the Circle will not be fenced

Memoranda

Genl Pitt Rivers report is still with the solicitor to get the appointment executed.

General Pitt Rivers

The Duke of Bedford wished to have this condition inserted in the Appointment but the solicitor saw objections to this being done. I believe there is no intention of placing a fence round the Circle in which case do you see any reason why this assurance may not ben given by this Board

R.O.P/

28 July 88

Secretary

Having regard to the first paragraph of General Pitt Rivers’ report I think there is no reason why we should not give the Duke the assurance he asks for. The other point raised by General Pitt Rivers is a general one which I will have abstracted from this special file

URJ 3 May 88

approved

H.W.P. 3/8

Letter to Mr Wing 7/8/88

7 Aug 88

To T.T. Wing Esq

Bedford Office

Bloomsbury, W.C.

Sir

In reply to your letter of the 27th ult, I am des’d &c to give you the desired assurance that if the stone circle at Tenant Hill, Kingston Russell, be placed under the guardianship of this Dep’t by His Grace the Duke of Bedford, it shall not be fenced be enclosed by a fence

I am &c

HWP

Bedford Office, Bloomsbury, W.C.

13 Aug. 88

Sir,

I beg to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 7th instant and to inform you that the Duke appointing the Commrs of Her Majesty’s Works &c to be Guardians of this Monument has to day been handed to the Solicitor to the Treasury.

I remain

Sir

Your obed. Servant

Thomas T. Wing

per clg

Deposit appointment

[illegible initials] 14. Aug. ‘88

Deposited DGC 16.8.88

Mr Rivers, for notice board URG 17.Aug.88

The notice board has been ordered at a cost of 25/-

ESR. 8. Sep

Genl Pitt-Rivers

to see

10.Sep.’88

Seen & returned

Sept 19/88

A Pitt Rivers

----------------

Copy

Rushmore

Salisbury

Oct. 1 1887

Lt: General Pitt Rivers presents his compliments to the Duke of Bedford and writes as the Inspector of Ancient Monuments in Great Britain under the Office of Works to inquire whether he is willing to place the stone circle on Kingston Russell Farm, Dorset under the protection of the Ancient Monuments Act. A copy of the Act is enclosed with a preface which is official and by which it will be seen that the act of placing a monument under the guardianship of the Commissioners of Works does not interfere in any way with ownership nor does it establish any right of way. It aims only at securing the preservation of the monument in the future. A tracing of the plan and view of the circle is enclosed.

--------------

[Woburn Abbey]

1887 Oct 13

Dear General Pitt Rivers

I beg to thank you, sincerely, for your letter offering protection to the Stone Circle at Kingston Russell

May I be allowed to place the details of bringing “The Ancient Monuments Protections Act” into operation – in the hands of my Auditor

“Thomas Wing Esq’re

Bedford Office

Bloomsbury

London W.C.

to whom I have written

Believe me

Yours truly

Bedford [1]

Notes

[1] The current Duke of Bedford was Francis Charles Hastings Russell, 9th Duke of Bedford (1819-1891), see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Russell,_9th_Duke_of_Bedford

----------------

I see no reason why the stones should ever be fenced round they are low & not liable to any but wilful damage which could be done as well with as without a fence.

I come more & more of opinion that [2 words crossed out and illegible] on a rule Government should confine itself to [word illegible crossed out] off such protection as this act affords by making the destruction of the monuments illegal & by enabling [illegible] to [illegible] summarily as often commented under it [2 words crossed out] and if the [2 words illegible] is of the same opinion I think it should be [2 words illegible] in order that local archaeological & others interested in the monuments may not rel action [3 words illegible] but look after the monuments themselves & apply the act themselves where it is infringed. It is impossible for an Inspector to [3 words illegible] all the monuments placed under the Act and only very great [4 words illegible] to protect them. Govt cant hold itself responsible as this [illegible] applies now to the with the Solicitor I would recommend that a [illegible] should be taken [3 words illegible] of the notice board on a monument is absolutely [illegible] to enable the act to be ...ed [illegible] if not there are [5 words illegible] the notice board has had to the effect of attracting visitors & actually causing damage to be done [5 words illegible] to look after the monuments. If in some cases it cant be depended [2 words illegible] our [illegible] to act I think it would be desirable.

July 29/88 A.P.R.

[Again, apologies, this is obviously a note written by Pitt-Rivers, possibly to himself, and it is in very small, illegible handwriting. It is clear that relates to Pitt-Rivers views on the workings of the Act after 5 years in post, and therefore if it could be decyphered would be interesting!]

[on reverse][23 Mount Street,

Grosvenor Square

Telephone No 3054]

19 December / 87

Sir,

We have the honour to send herewith our account duly receipted tendering our respectful thanks for cheque to hand to day in settlement of same.

Trusting for further commands

We are Sir

Your most obedient servts.

Holland & Sons [1]

R.W.G.

General Pitt Rivers

[1] Pitt-Rivers was presumably using scrap paper as this is a letter from Holland and Sons who were cabinet makers, see http://antiquesworld.co.uk/holland-sons-antique-furniture/

----------------------------------------------

Box 3/3/27

[in red] GORWELL CIRCLE Grey Mare & Colts

B. 6278

7 Oct 87

[Number of separate enclosures] Plan Section and view of the “Grey Mare & Colts.”

[Subject] Ancient Monuments Act

The remains of the Chambered Long Barrow Known as the “Grey Mare and Colts” near Gorwell Dorsetshire

This is not a scheduled monument.

[Memoranda]

Office of Works

Oct 6 ‘87

Secretary

I beg to inform you &c

Monument. The Remains of the Chambered long barrow known as the “Grey Mare and Colts” [1] near Gorwell, Dorsetshire.

Owner. Robert Williams Esq Bridehead, Dorchester and at the present moment, 13 Brunswick Terrace Brighton

Description of Monument. It is the remains of a chambered long barrow similar to Stoney Littleton and Uleybury, but not in such good preservation. Its plan is an elongated heart shape, the long axis being NW and S.E. 87 ft long by 45 ft greatest breadth and about 3ft average height, the largest end being as usual on the south-east, where there has been a chamber of stones to contain the bones of the dead. Two of the side stones, Nos 1 and 4 of the Chamber, 6’2” and 6’6” high respectively stand erect protruding above the mound which probably originally covered them and the cap stone which may probably have been No. 3. Nos. 2 and 4 also probably formed part of the chamber but they are now prostrate. The tops of other stones appear above the surface and very probably a surrounding revetment of small stones may be found beneath the surface. All this in a ruined condition it is the largest monument of the kind in Dorsetshire, and enough of it remains to show its original design. It is worthy on that account of preservation. Chambered long barrows are unusual in Dorsetshire, tho’ the unchambered ones are commonly found.

Condition &c of Monument. The mound is doubtless lower than in its original condition in which state it may probably have covered the whole of the chamber at the south east end, but this is doubtful. It has probably been opened by treasure seekers in ancient times and Mr. Warne in his “Ancient Dorset” says that a former tenant told him he had opened it and found “many bones” and fragments of pottery. No record was kept and it must therefore be included amongst those monuments which have supplied suffered from the vandalism of past ages.

Recommendation &c

The usual notice board is all that is requisite. It is at the side of a field protected on one side by a hedge, and it is found that the other side becomes encroached upon by the plough, upright stones will have to be put to protect it, but this I think is hardly needed at present.

A Pitt Rivers

Lt Genl

Secretary

Referring to my report on the above named monument, I have to inform you that acting under the impression that it was on the property of Mr. Williams of Bridehead and he also being under the same impression, I named him as the owner of the monument. He has however since informed me that it is just off his property and on that of Mr Sheridan of Kingston Russell House, whose consent to placing it under the Act I have now obtained. The Report must therefore be altered as below:-

Owner

A.B. Sheridan Esq [2]

Kingston Russell House

Dorchester

A. Pitt Rivers

Secretary

It will be necessary to include this in an Order in Council. Till his has been done no steps can be taken by this Board

KRC

7.10.87

The Solicitor

Please prepare appointment

URC 11 July 88

Rec’d July 12

The Secretary

I prepared a deed of appointment in the usual form and forwarded it to Mr Sheridan on the 25th July 1888 for execution. I have received no communication from him on the subject and presume he does not intend to place the Monument under the Guardianship of the Commrs and I therefore return the papers herewith.

H. Cuffe 25. February 1889

General Pitt Rivers

URC 26 Feb 89

My letter reporting the consent of the owner to place this monument under the Act was dated Oct. 6 ’87 and owing to delays caused chiefly by Section 10 of the Act of 1882, the Deed of Appointment was not not forwarded to the owner for his signature until July 25 ’88 a period of over 9 months. It is generally not without reluctance thata an owner consents to avail himself of the Act and when so long a period elapses before the legal documents are sent to him, he is liable to change his mind having probably hoped that the matter had blown over and that he would not be further troubled about it. To this cause I attribute the failure in this case, and in the case of the Nine Stones at Winterbourne Abbas.

A Pitt Rivers

20 April 1889

Notes

[1] See http://www.pastscape.org/hob.aspx?hob_id=450303&sort=4&search=all&criteria=grey%20mare&rational=q&recordsperpage=10

[2] Algernon Thomas Brinsley Sheridan (1845-1931) see http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=83070473

-----------------

Oct. 6 1887

Sir

I beg to inform you that the undernamed owner has [illegible] to [illegible] in place the monument named below under the protection of the ancient monuments.

Monument the remains of the chambered long barrow known as the Grey Mare & Colts near Golwell Dorsetshire

Owner Robert Williams Esq Bridehead Dorchester & at the present moment 13 Brunswick Terrace Brighton

Description of Monument. It is the remains of a chambered long barrow similar to Stoney Littleton and Uley bury, but not in such good preservation its plan is an elongated heart shape, the long axis being NW and S.E. [insert] 87 ft long by 45 ft greatest breadth and about 3 ft average height [end insert], the largest end being as usual on the south-east end, where there has been a chamber of stones to contain the bones of the dead. two of the side stones, [insert] Nos 1 and 4 [end insert] of the Chamber, [insert] 6’2” and 6’6” high respectively [end insert] stand erect protruding above the mound which probably [insert] originally [end insert] covered them & the cap stone which may probably have been No. 3. Nos. 2 and 4 also probably formed part of the chamber but they are now prostrate the tops of other stones appear above the surface & very probably a surrounding revetment of small stones may be found beneath the surface all this in a ruined condition it is the largest monument of the kind in Dorsetshire, & enough of it remains to show its original design and it is on that account worthy of preservation. chambered long barrows are unusual in Dorsetshire, tho’ the unchambered ones are commonly found.

Condition of Monument & damage it has sustained. the mound is doubtless lower than in its original condition in which state it may very probably have covered the whole of the chamber at the South East end, but this is doubtful. it has probably been opened by treasure seekers in ancient times & Mr. Warne in his “Ancient Dorset” says that a former tenant told him he had opened it & found “many bones” and fragments of pottery no record is kept & it must therefore be included amongst those monuments which have supplied suffered from the vandalism of past ages.

Recommendation for the protection of the monument the usual notice board is all that is requisite it is at the side of a field protected on one side by a hedge, and if it is found that the other side becomes encroached upon by the plough, upright stones will have to be put to protect it, but this I think is hardly needed at present.

the remains of a chambered long barrow known as the Grey Mare & Colts Gorwell Dorsetshire

Secretary

Referring to my report on the above named monument, I have to inform you that acting under the impression that it was on the property of Mr. Williams of Bridehead and he also being under the same impression, I named him as the owner of the monument he has however since informed me that it is just off his property and on that of Mr Sheridan of Kingston Russell House, whose consent to placing it under the Act I have now obtained. The Report must therefore be altered as below:-

Owner

A.B. Sheridan Esq Kingston Russell House

Dorchester

Anc. Mons Act

Gorwell Long Barrow “Grey Mare & Colts”

Consent Report

--------------

[Grey Mare & Colts]

[Bridehead

Dorchester]

24 Oct. 1887.

My dear Genl Pitt Rivers

On 27 Sep you wrote to my Father as Inspector of Ancient Monuments with respect to two places on his property – which he has been glad to have included under the provisions of the Act.

I now find however that a suspicion is correct which I had before – but could not verify till I came down – that one of them is just off the property -- & one that of A.B. Sheridan. It is the long barrow of which I enclose the drawing -- & perhaps you will write to him direct. His address is

Kingston Russell House

Dorchester.

Should you want at any time during the winter to come & look at these or any other monuments about it will give Mr. Williams & myself much pleasure if you will make any use you can of this house.

Besides the two ancient monuments we have close by a curious valley full of (apparently) glacier stones.

Believe me

Yrs truly

R Williams junior

---------------

Nov 1st

Sir

My husband wishes me to say in answer to your note that he would be very glad to place the Long Barrow [2 words illegible] The Grey Mare & Colts under the protection of the Ancient Monuments Act. Apologizing for the delay that has occurred I remain

Yrs truly

M.L. Sheridan [1]

Notes

[1] Mary Lothrop Sheridan, (?-1918) Algernon’s wife. This letter is dated to 1887 by the following letter

--------------

[Rushmore

Salisbury]

March 1 89

Sir

On the 1st Nov 88. Mr Sheridan informed me that you wished to place the Grey Mare & Colts under the Ancient Monuments Act but f []?] a communication received to day from the Office of Works it appears that the usual documents were sent to you for signature and that no reply has been received [5 words illegible] whether you [2 words illegible] to place the monument under the act I think you received a copy of the Act from me

yours obediently

A Pitt Rivers

---------------

[Frampton Court

Dorchester]

9th [?] March 89

Sir

I thank you for your letter but I think it quite unnecessary to place the Grey Mare & Colts under the Ancient Monuments Act, as its quite impossible for any one to hurt it.

Yours obediently

Algernon B. Sheridan

------------------------------------

Box 3/3/28

[in red] Anc Mons DORSET

[Subject] Tenant Hill Circle

Winterbourne Abbas Stones

Gorwell Circle “Grey Mare and Colts”

Dorchester Amphitheatre

Poxwell Circle

Dorset Field Club (on Anc: Mons: in Dorset)

--------------------------------------

Box 3/4/1

[The National Trust ...]

13th July 1899

Dear Sir,

I beg to inform you that the Special Committee appointed to consider the question of obtaining legislative protection for places of historic interest or natural beauty will meet at this address on Wednesday 22nd Feb’y at 5 pm.

At Sir Robert Hunter’s request I enclose the draft of two Bills drawn up by him

Yours faithfully

Ambrose M. Poynter [2]

Secretary

Lt Genl A Pitt-Rivers

Notes

[1] Robert Hunter (1844-1913) solicitor, civil servant and co-founder of the National Trust.

[2] Ambrose Macdonald Poynter (1867-1923) see here

[Copies of the printed draft bills not transcribed but available as scans]

-----------

Transcribed by AP January - February 2015 notes by AP

PRM PR papers Box 3_1

2015-02-17T17:38:14+00:00

PR box 3 / 1 transcriptions

All of the letters in this subsection have been transcribed. A full listing of all the Pitt-Rivers’ letters in the PRM is available here. All notes about aspects of the letters were also prepared by the transcriber, Alison Petch. Transcriptions and notes were prepared between January and February 2015. Please note: all of this Box 3/ 1 section are tagged together using a stationery tag through hole in top left.

[Stamp: Office of Works B 6856 30 Oct 1898]

[Subject] Public Buildings Estimates 1897-8

Protection of Ancient Monuments

[Memoranda]

General Pitt Rivers,

Will you be so good as to state before the 15th, prox. what sum you consider should be provided in the Estimates for 1897-8 for this service.

It has been the practice of late years to take a sum of £100 per annum

[Illegible initials]

30 Oct 96

[Different handwriting, if it is Pitt-Rivers’ it is much neater than usual] Since 1891 the Ancient Monuments Act has been virtually in abeyance, in consequence of the decision of the Board of Works, that I should no longer endeavour to obtain fresh monuments, but that “the Act being permissive the attitude of the Government should be passive.” If this working of the Act is still considered satisfactory, I see no reason why any additional sum should be noted beyond what is necessary to keep the Monuments now under the Act in good repair. I have no opinion to offer on the subject. My letter to Mr Primrose [1] of the 20th Feb 1891 sufficiently explains my views, but I think it desirable to take this opportunity of referring to the subject, in case dissatisfaction should be expressed on the part of archaeologists, and in order to show that it was not by my desire that the Act was discontinued. There has been some private correspondence with the owners of monuments since 1891, and some good done, but nothing contrary to the general tenor of my instructions. I have no knowledge whether the sum of £100 is sufficient or even whether it has been drawn.

Nov 14th 1896 A Pitt Rivers

[Different handwriting] FO[illegible]

What has been expended last year & up to this date this year?

[illegible initials]

23.11.96

[Different handwriting] B[illegible]

Expenditure as follows

1895-6 = £17.11.3

1 Apl – 24 Nov. 96 = £1.9.6

[illegible initials]

24.11.96

[Different handwriting] Secretary

What provision should be made for 1897-8?

[illegible initials]

26.11.96

[Different handwriting] General Pitt Rivers

Comparing the way in which you worked the Act during the first 7 years with the working of it during the past 5 have you any reason to think that the intention of those responsible for the act has been neglected of late?

2. Are you aware of any monuments of interest and importance which would have been scheduled had this Dept taken the initiative?

3. Do you know of any important monuments which are neglected owing to the fact that they are not scheduled?

[illegible initials] 26 Nov 96

Notes

[1] Henry William Primrose (1846-1923) Scottish civil servant, secretary of the Office of Works from 1887 to 1895.

Cover sheet

‘Office Establishment.

Genl. A. Pitt-Rivers.

(Inspector of Ancient Monuments)

[Stamp Office of Works B 1121 26 Feb 1891]

Establishment

Genl Pitt-Rivers

Inspector of Ancient Monuments

[Memoranda]

Finance Div’n

I have informed Genl Pitt Rivers that the F.C. agrees to this proposal

H.W.P. [1]

28/2

2/3

[Different handwriting] Mr Worsfall

To note the further payments sh’d be made

J.W.

[Different handwriting] Noted

5.3.91

[Different handwriting] B. b[illegible]

5.3.91

[Different handwriting] But [?Put] by

[illegible initials]

Ap 93

[Typed copy letter]

[Stamp Office of Works B 1121 26 Feb 1891]

Rushmore

Salisbury

February 25th 1891

Dear Mr Primrose [1]

It is now nearly two years since the Ancient Monuments Act has been worked on the new system, and carried out according to your instructions, viz., on the principle that “the Act being Permissive, the attitude of the Government should be passive”. As I expected the result has been that no additional Monuments have been added to the list. I do not think this view of the Act is other than the correct one, but it is, as you know, quite contrary to the principle on which I worked it for the past [insert] first] 7 years. My private Archaeological Staff, consisting of 4 assistants, has been used during the whole of that time, but during the last 18 months or two years, beyond correspondence, occasional inspections, and the construction of models of the Monuments, respecting which a proposal will, I believe, be made to the Government by the United Archaeological Societies of the country, there has not been much to do.

I have been asked to form one of a Committee of the Society of Antiquaries, for the purpose of memorializing the Government on the subject of a change in the Act, but, being a Government Officer, I do not think it would be correct for me to have anything to do, ostensibly, with new suggestions. I have, however, told them I would attend the Committee, and give them any information they wanted.

Meanwhile, as the office as become very nearly a sinecure during the last 18 months, I think it would be desirable, in order to meet hostile criticism, if it should occur, that my pay as Inspector should cease. I do not propose to retire from the office at present, unless the First Commissioner thinks it desirable, as I might be of use in advising the Government, but I should be glad if you would intimate to the Treasury that at my request the pay should be discontinued.

Yours truly,

A Pitt-Rivers

P.S.—I do not think that any damage is being done to pre-historic Monuments at the present time.

Notes

[1] Henry William Primrose (1846-1923) Scottish civil servant, secretary of the Office of Works from 1887 to 1895.

[Stamp: Office of Works B 454 1 1 Jan 1889]

Establishment

Lieut. Genl Pitt-Rivers

Treasury – Copy of lr [letter] addressed to War Off [War Office] respecting the Retired Pay of

[Memoranda]

p.p. Dim

General Pitt Rivers

To see

H.W.P. 1/1/89

[Pitt-Rivers’ handwriting] Seen & returned

Jan 7th 1889 A Pitt Rivers

J Warisun

To see

[illegible initials]

9.1.89

[Different handwriting] B bw

Seen

18 Jan 89

[Different handwriting] Pully

[illegible]

21.1.89

[In reply to this Letter the following Number should be quoted] 20346/ 88

[Treasury Chambers]

31 December 1888

[Stamp: Office of Works B[illegible] 1 Jan 1889]

Sir

[I am directed by the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty’s Treasury to transmit herewith for] your [information] with reference to Mr Primrose’s letter of 20 instant [insert] B 7365/ 88 [end insert] [a copy of a letter of to-day’s date which My Lords have caused to be addressed to] The Financial Secretary War Office [on the subject] of Lieutenant General Fox-Pitt-Rivers’s Retired Pay &c as Inspector of Ancient Monuments.

[I have the honour to be,]

Sir

[Your most obedient Servant.]

[illegible signature]

The First Commissioners of Works

[Carbon]

20346/88 31 December 8

[Stamp: Office of Works B[illegible] 1 Jan 1889]

Sir,

The Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty’s Treasury direct me to acquaint you for the information of the Secretary of State that they have only just received a Report from the Office of Works upon Mr. Knox’s letter of the 24th August [insert] 48368/ 19 [end insert] and Mr De la Bere of the 17th ultimo, respecting the issue of Lieutenant General Fox-Pitt-Rivers Retired pay in conjunction with his Civil Emoluments as Inspector of Ancient Monuments.

I am to say that, as the Officer in question accepted his Civil Employment before the passing of the Superannuation Act 1887, the Rules under Section 6 of that Act cannot apply to him without his consent: and assuming that he does not give such consent, his case must be governed by the Rules formerly in force based on the Appropriation Act of 1870, under which his Retired pay may be issued to him in full without requiring any abatement from his Civil Emolument as from 1st January 1883.

My Lords desire me to ad... [piece of paper lost] that, although Lieutenant General Pitt-Rivers’s public spirit and Co... [piece of paper lost] of Archaeology lead him to spe... [piece of paper lost] almost, if not quite, the whole [of] his Salary in travelling and o.. [other] services connected with his Civil appointment, it is, technically, employment of profit, and therefore ought to have been mentioned [in] his Declarations for Retired Pay [possibly bit of text missing with piece of paper lost] as My Lords understand, will always be so in future

I am, Sir,

Your obedient Servant

[To] The Financial Secretary War Office

[Stamp: Office of Works B7365 23 Nov 1888]

[Subject] Treasury Reference No. 18309/88

Establishment

Lt. Genl. Fox Pitt-Rivers War Off. Further for issue of Retired Pay although he is in receipt of civil salary as Inspector of Anc. Mon’ts

[Memoranda]

[Insert] B5617/88 & pp Genl Pitt-Rivers 4/9 [end insert]

General Pitt Rivers

With gr... [illegible] the previous papers which appear to have been referred to you on the 4th of August [insert] September [end insert] last

KRG

21 Nov 88

[Pitt-Rivers’ handwriting] All previous papers returned herewith

Nov 24 1888 A Pitt Rivers

[insert] H.W.P. 18/12

[different handwriting] 20.12.’88

My Lords

In returning herewith the papers relating to the claim of General Pitt-Rivers to draw retired army pay in combination with his Civil Salary as Inspector of Ancient Monuments, referral to [illegible], orders of 28 Augst & 19 Nov last, I have the honour to submit herewith copy of a memor’a and accompanying papers, which Gen’l Pitt Rivers has prepared in explanation of the circumstances of the case.

It cannot I think be [illegible word crossed out] denied that, in the strictly literal sense of the term, the office which Genl P.R. holds under this Board is an officer [insert] [illegible] [end insert] of Profit – On the other hand I am satisfied that as a matter of fact Genl P.R. has derived little of any, [insert] (the [end insert] actual profit [insert] which Genl P.R. has derived [end insert] from it [insert] is much below the sum he has received in salary [end insert], and that, if any accurate account of his disbursements in connection with his work as Inspector could be purposed -- a process which [insert] I fear [end insert] wd. not now be practicable – it wd. show that but a small balance, if any, over his receipts in return – [illegible] circumstances it will be for [illegible] to determine whether a [illegible word crossed out][illegible] can be given to the position which Genl. P.R. has taken up in regard to his civil offices – such as will cover his omission to include a reference to it in his declaration to the W.O.—an omission which, while technically incorrect, appears to have been made in perfectly good faith, and to be not entirely at variance with the actual facts—not result of the actual facts

I am ...

[different handwriting] HWP for JC

[added to side in same handwriting] Dis PMR 20.12.88 [illegible]

General Pitt Rivers

to see

H.W.P. 20/12

Seen & returned

Dec 21 1888 A Pitt Rivers

(See B1/ 89)

[Stamp: Office of Works B5617 30 Aug 1889]

[Written along fold Entd T.L.B. no 82 pa 618

[Subject] Treasury Reference, No. 14133/88

Establishment

War Office – Lt Genl Fox-Pitt-Rivers to draw retired pay as well as Civil Salary

[Memoranda]

[insert] 184677/88 1 file DWn [end insert]

General Pitt Rivers –

Would you supply a memo’r for submission to the Treasury, explaining the grounds on which you consider that your appointment as Inspector of Ancient Monuments is not an “Employment of Profit”

H.w.P. 3/9

[Different handwriting, not Pitt-Rivers’s, presumably a copyist] Secretary,

The necessity for economy had been impressed upon me by successive First Commissioners and I had taken the office with an understanding on my part that it would be a labour of love and not an “employment of profit.” The amount appropriated to the preservation of the monuments was at first quite insufficient only £100 a year and I suggested that if that amount was increased I would curtail my expenses to make up for it. The amount appropriated to the protection of the monuments had been increased to £200 a year and since 21st July / 84 I have not sent in any charge for travelling expenses, altho’ I have travelled as before, I append a statement of the journies [sic] I have made expressly for the purpose of Anc: Mons: since 21st July / 84 altho’ that does not represent the work done because I have taken other opportunities of seeing all the monuments I could at other times. An assistant is quite necessary for the proper survey of the monuments, plans, sections, and drawings of which have been sent in with each monument that i have reported upon. I have employed and taken an assistant about with me on all my journeys. The work could not be done without him within a reasonable time, I have done this entirely at my own expense. I have a regular staff, consisting of 3 assistants whom I employ entirely upon archaeological work allied to that of the office I hold. On one occasion I had them all employed at the same time on Inspection work in different parts of Galloway, I myself going from village to village to superintend the work.

It is very difficult in this way to draw an exact line between private archaeological work and official work.

I may also mention that by a correspondence (see A8977, Nov 7 1883) it was arranged that I should make excavations in certain works for the purpose of ascertaining their nature, and whether they are worthy of Government protection. I have done this on two occasions, firstly at the Pen Pits, my privately printed report on which is annexed. It was ascertained that the popular view of these works was erroneous and that instead of being a large British metropolis of great extent and importance, they were only the remains of an extensive quarry for querns in ancient times, and as such not worthy of Government Protection. The second instance was that of Bokerley Dyke where I made an important discovery, the report upon which is being prepared privately.

I have obtained the owners sanction to put a part of this important earthwork under the Act and the usual application for so doing will be sent in shortly. In both these cases I found that it would not be advisable to charge the Government with the expense of the excavations. Archaeologists whose opinions were set aside by the result of my excavations were naturally dissatisfied. It would be presented that Government was aiding in my private archaeological work, indeed one dissatisfied archaeologist did commence an agitation with that view until he found himself over a pit-fall. It would never do to charge the expense of these excavations to the public. Government would be accused of profligate expenditure and my own private work would be discredited. I have therefore abstained from bringing the subject to the notice of the Office of Works, altho’ the correspondence would justify me in doing so. The cost of these undertakings was considerable

This will show I think that a great part of my official work is done at my own expense and I am inclined to think that under the present view of Parliament on the subject it is not advisable that the expense of my office should be much increased, but it will have to be increased if it is to be placed on a permanent footing.

The annexed copy of Lord Stalbridge’s letter [1] will perhaps explain the nature of the work that I undertook

[strip of paper cut out and stuck in, with Pitt-Rivers’ handwriting]

A. Pitt Rivers.

Lt: General,

Inspector of Ancient Monuments

Notes

[1] Richard de Aquila Grosvenor, 1st Baron Stalbridge (1837-1912), MP, in 1882 he was Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasury (he was in that post from 1880-1885). See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Grosvenor,_1st_Baron_Stalbridge

Treasury Reference

14133/ 88

B5617/88

War Office

24 Aug ‘88

Lt. Genl. Fox-Pitt-Rivers – To draw retired pay as well as Civil Salary

As this Office accepted his civil employment before the passing of the Superannuation Act 1887, he need not come under the new Rules – and the old Rules do not require any abatements from his emoluments

But does the Office of Works admit that his salary of £250 is not remunerative? The test is his paying Income Tax or not

(sa) GL R. 28/8

Refer to the First Comm’r of Works for observations

(sd) [that is, signed] GL. R.

28/8

28368/ 19 B:5617/88

Financial Sect’ys Dept

War Office

24th Aug 1888

Sir,

I am directed by the Secretary of State for War to request that you will inform the Lords Comm’rs of HM. Treasury that owing to Lieut. Genl. Fox Pitt Rivers having omitted to include in the declarations upon which he draws his Army non-effective Pay a statement that he holds the appointment of Inspector of Ancient Monuments, his case has never been been submitted to Their Lordships with a view of proper authority being given for him to draw non effective Pay together with the Salary of his civil appointment. The omission on Lieut Genl. Fox-Pitt-Rivers part has arisen from the fact that he has not regarded his appointment as “Employment of profit”; he having accepted it to render a public service and upon the understanding that his salary would be expended in work connected with the Office he holds.

He took up the appointment with a salary of £250 a year, on the 1st Jan’y ’83 when he was already on the Retired List of the Army with Retired Pay equal to unattached pay at £1.5.0 a day – the rate he is still in receipt of. Under these circs he would appear to be entitled to the benefit of Rule 16 of the Treasury Rules under the Superannuation Act, 1887, which in effect allows of the case being dealt with under the Appropriation Act, 1870, and of his drawing both Retired Pay and Civil Salary in full, I am to request that you will submit this view of the matter for Their Lordships favourable consideration.

I have to,

(sd) A.H. Knox

The Secretary

Treasury

[On Office of Works crested paper]

18309 / 88

B.7355/ 88

17 Nov. 88

War Office

Lt. Gen: Fox-Pitt-Rivers

Fur: for issue of Retired Pay altho’ he is in receipt of civil salary as Inspector of Ancient Monuments.

Minute

Refer to the First Commr of Works, with reference to 14133/88 referred to him on 29th August last.

G.L.R. 19/11

[On Office of Works crested paper]

18309 / 88

B.7355

Financial Secretary’s Department,

War Office.

17 November 1888

Sir,

I am directed by the Secretary of State for War to request that you will move the Lords Commissioners of H.M. Treasury to favour him with an early reply to the letter from this Office of the 24th August last, 48368/19 submitting for Their Lordships approval that authority be given for the issue of the Retired Pay of Lieutenant General Fox Pitt-Rivers in full, notwithstanding that he is in receipt of Civil Salary as Inspector of Ancient Monuments.

I have &c,

(sd.) H.J. de la Bère

The Secretary

to the Treasury

S.W.

Copy

B5617/ 88

[Subject] Ancient Monuments Act

Appointment of Inspector Letter from Lord Richard Grosvenor

[Memoranda]

Nov. 9 1882

My dear General Pitt-Rivers,

I am requested by Mr. Gladstone [1] to ask you if you will give the Government & the country the benefit of your great archaeological knowledge by accepting the appointment of Inspector under the Ancient Monuments Act passed during this last summer.

We believe that there is no one in England who could fill the post so well as yourself, as besides a thorough knowledge of all the Anc: Monuments in question which you possess, your position as a land owner will enable you to bring more weight to bear on the present proprietors of some of the Monuments, and there will be tact required in the managements in the case of the first appointed Inspector under the Act. Should you intimate to me your acceptance of the Appt. and such I hope will be the case, and so I need hardly say does Mr. Gladstone you will receive further communications as to the duties, salary &c

I am,

Yours faithfully

Richard Grosvenor

Genl. Pitt-Rivers

Notes

[1] Gladstone was then Prime Minister

[The following appears to be in Pitt-Rivers’ handwriting]

[On Office of Works crested paper]

B5617/ 88

Ancient Monuments Act

Account of Journies [sic] of inspection made by General Pitt Rivers since 21 July 1884

1884 July

London to Bakewell Derbyshire for Hob’s Hurst’s House [sic] [1] and on to Manchester. Returned owing to bad weather

1885 August

London to Keswick for Stone Circle on Eskdale Moor [2], Ravenglass [3], Whitehaven, Penrith, Shap Stone Circles [4]; Edinburgh, Castle Cary [sic] for Roman Wall [5], Woodhouse Lees to see Mrs. Fraser Tytler about Edm’s Hall [6], Oban for serpentine mound [7], Iona [8], Gairloch [9], Stornoway, Callernish [sic] Stones [10], Pictish Tower at Carloway [11], Barvas [12], Broch of Brogan [13], Morsgail (beehive houses) [14], Garry-na-Hine [15], Cool, Strathpeffer [16], Kinnahaird [17], Tumulus near Loch Achilty [18], Vitrified fort at Knockfarrel [19], Stones at Clacham Gorach [20], Dingwall, Blackmuir on the Catsback near Strathpeffer [21], Golspie [22], Carril Broch [23], Thurso, Kirkwall [24], Ring of Brogar [sic] [25], Stennis Stone Circle [26], Maeshow [sic] [27], Broch of Lingrow [sic] [28]; Sutherlandshire for Lairg [29], Altnahura [sic] [30], Dun Creggan Broch, Dun of Dornadilla [31], Inverness for Kinchyle [32], Leys Circle [33], Craig Phadrig (vitrified fort) [34]; Aberdeen.

1886 October

London to Carlisle, Ruthwell for Runic Cross [35], Roman Camp at Ecclefechan [36], Crofts Moat at Castle Douglas [37], Moat [sic] of Urr [38], Whithorn for St Peter’s Stone [39], St Ninians Cave [40], Newton Stewart [41], Cairn near Cree Bridge in the parish of Minnigaff [42]. Sculptured stones in Minnigaff Church [43], Drumfern Cairn [44], Dranandow [sic] Stones [45], Kirkmadrine Stones [46], Balgreghan Moat, Balmurray for Laggangairn [sic] Standing Stones [48].

1887 August

London to Sheffield for Carlswark, Derbyshire [49], Bailey at Bradfield [50], Camp Green at Hathersage [51], Roman Camp at Brough near Hope, Derbyshire. [52]

1887 June [sic]

Rushmore to Old Sarum [53] and Stonehenge [54]

1887 September

Rushmore to Dorchester for the Amphitheatre [55], Maiden Castle [56], Stone Circle at Winterbourne Abbas [57], Hell stone circle near Portisham [58], Stone Circle at Poxwell [59], Grey Mare and Colts (Long Barrow) [60]

1887 October

London to Whithorn for Rispain, (Roman Camp) [61], Whithorn Priory for stone crosses [62], St Peter’s Stone near Whithorn [63], Chapel at the Isle of Whithorn [64], Port William for Barsalloch Fort [65], Drumtrodden [sic] standing stones [66], Cup marked stones at Drumtrodden [sic] Farm [67], Blairbowie Stones [68], Druchtag Moat [sic] [69], White Cairn of the Airelich [70], Wigton for Torhouse Circle [71], Glenluce for Wells of the Rees [72], Cairni-na-gat

(Three assistants were employed constantly on this tour)

1888 September

Rushmore to Bathampton for Camp [74] and Wansdyke [75]; Cirencester and Chedworth for Roman Villa [76]; Cheltenham to see Lady Nicholson about Ch... [illegible] [77]; Tenbury for Titterstone Clee Hill [78]; Stroud for Uleybury [sic] Long Barrow [79], Newport, Caerleon [80], Roman Villa at Llanwit [sic] Major [81] Crosses at Llanwit [sic] (2) [82]; Caermarthen [sic] for 3 crosses at Trausmaur [sic] [83]; Cross at Llanfihangel-ar-arth [84]; 2 crosses at Llandilo [sic] [85]; Brigend [sic] for 5 crosses at Margam [86]; Cross at Tythegston [87]; Cross at Marthyr Maur [sic] [88]; Llangan [89] Returned to Bath for Stantonbury Camp [90], Wansdyke near Englishcombe

Plans, Sections and Drawings were taken of nearly all the monuments named above

Notes on Inspector sites visited

[1] Hob Hurst’s House, see http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/daysout/properties/hob-hursts-house/

[2] There are several stone circles that might qualify for this description, elsewhere this is described as Burn Moor (or Burnmoor) near St Bees

[3] Possibly http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glannoventa

[4] Probably part or all of http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shap_Stone_Avenue

[5] Antonine Wall, Castlecary, near Cumbernauld, see http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/propertyresults/propertydetail.htm?PropID=PL_006

[6] Woodhouselees, Midlothian, site cannot be identified but presumably marked here http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/search/?keyword=Woodhouselees&submit=search

[7] Serpent Mound, Loch Nell, Argyll, see http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=19474 or possibly http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/22891/details/loch+nell/

[8] Iona, Inner Hebrides, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iona

[9] Gairloch, Wester Ross, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gairloch, possibly to see a Pictish stone

[10] Callanish stones, Isle of Lewis, see http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/propertyoverview.htm?PropID=PL_051

[11] Dun Carloway, Isle of Lewis see http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/propertyresults/propertydetail.htm?PropID=PL_102

[12] Barvas, Isle of Lewis, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barvas

[13] Not identified, presumably one of these http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/search/?keyword=lewis+broch&submit=search

[14] Isle of Lewis. See http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/134218/details/lewis+garry+morsgail/. Presumably the ones mentioned here, http://www.boydharris.co.uk/w_bh13/130413.htm

[15] Garynahine, Isle of Lewis see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garynahine

[16] Strathpeffer, Ross and Cromarty, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strathpeffer

[17] Kinnahaird Highland see http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/12425/details/kinnahaird/

[18] Achilty henge, see http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/12470/contribution/achilty/

[19] Knock Farril, Highland. See http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/12782/details/knock+farril/

[20] Heights of Bray, see http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/12930/digital_images/heights+of+brae/

[21] Cat’s Back is a ridge near Strathpeffer also called Druimchat, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strathpeffer. The specific site has not been identified.

[22] Golspie, Sutherland see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golspie

[23] Cannot be surely identified, appears to be called Craig-Carril or Carroll broch

[24] Orkney islands

[25] The Ring of Brodgar, Stenness, Orkney, see http://www.orkneyjar.com/history/brodgar/index.html

[26] See http://www.orkneyjar.com/history/standingstones/index.html

[27] Maeshowe, Orkney, see http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/propertyresults/propertyoverview.htm?PropID=PL_205

[28] Lingro Broch, Orkney see http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/2348/details/broch+of+lingro/

[29] Lairg, Sutherland, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lairg

[30] Altnaharra, Sutherland, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altnaharra

[31] Dun Dornaigil Broch, see http://www.discoversutherland.co.uk/altnaharra_broch.php

[32] Possibly Kinchyle of Dores, near Scaniport, Highland see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scaniport

[33] Cannot identify site

[34] Criag Phadrig, see http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/13486/details/craig+phadrig/

[35] Ruthwell cross, see http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/index/places/propertyresults/propertydetail.htm?PropID=PL_240

[36] Burnswark Roman Fort, Dumfries and Galloway see http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/66626/details/burnswark/

[37] Cannot be identified

[38] Mote of Urr, Dumfries and Galloway, see http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/64982/details/mote+of+urr/

[39] St Peter Stone, Whithorn, Dumfries and Galloway see http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/63128/details/whithorn+st+peter+stone/&biblio=more [see also note 63]

[40] St Ninian’s Cave, Whithorn, Dumfries and Galloway see http://www.whithorn.com/history-local-sites.asp?localsiteID=8

[41] See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton_Stewart

[42] Creebridge Cairn, Dumfries and Galloway see http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/63432/details/creebridge/

[43] Minnigaff, Dumfries and Galloway, see http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/296972/details/minnigaff+old+parish+church+burial+ground+cross+slabs/

[44] Drumfern cairn, Dumfries and Galloway see http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/63026/details/drumfern/

[45] Drannandow stones, see http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/63578/details/drannandow/

[46] Kirkmadrine, Dumfries and Galloway, one of these see http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/search/?keyword=Kirkmadrine+&submit=search

[47] Balgreggan, Dumfries and Galloway, probably http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/311693/details/balgreggan/

[48] Laggangarn, Dumfries and Galloway, see http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/62495/details/laggangarn/

[49] Now known as Carl Wark, Sheffield, North Yorkshire, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Wark

[50] Bailey Hill, High Bradfield, South Yorkshire see http://list.english-heritage.org.uk/resultsingle.aspx?uid=1013217

[51] Camp Green, Church Bank, Hathersage, see http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=MDR4217&resourceID=1023

[52] Brough-on-Noe Roman Camp see http://www.roman-britain.org/places/navio.htm

[53] http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/daysout/properties/old-sarum/

[54] http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/daysout/properties/stonehenge/

[55] Maumbury Rings, see http://www.maumburyrings.co.uk

[56] http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/daysout/properties/maiden-castle/

[57] The nine stones, Winterbourne Abbas see http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/daysout/properties/the-nine-stones/

[58] Hell Stone Portesham see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hell_Stone

[59] See http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=8374

[60] Long barrow near Abbotsbury, See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Grey_Mare_and_her_Colts

[61] Rispain, see http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/propertyresults/propertydetail.htm?PropID=PL_234

[62] Whithorn Priory, see http://www.whithornpriorymuseum.gov.uk

[63] St Peter Stone, Whithorn, Dumfries and Galloway see http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/63128/details/whithorn+st+peter+stone/&biblio=more [see also note 39]

[64] St Ninian’s Chapel, see http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/propertyresults/propertydetail.htm?PropID=PL_267&PropName=St%20Ninian's%20Chapel

[65] Barsalloch Point, Dumfries and Galloway see http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/62816/details/barsalloch+point/

[66] Drumtroddan Standing Stone see http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/62762/details/drumtroddan/

[67] There are several cup and ring marked stones near Drumtroddan see http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/62794/details/drumtroddan/ and http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/62767/details/drumtroddan/ and http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/62751/details/drumtroddan/.

[68] These appear to be a reference to Blairbowie, in Aberdeenshire, where there is a standing stone see http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/238843/details/east+blairbowie/ but also other monuments

[69] Druchtag Mote Hill, Dumfries and Galloway see http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/62746/details/druchtag+mote+hill/

[70] Airelich Cannot be identified, possibly Meikle Findowie, Perth and Kinross, see http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/26198/details/meikle+findowie/

[71] Torhousekie, Dumfries and Galloway see http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/62843/details/torhousekie/

[72] Killgallioch, Dumfries and Galloway see http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/62493/details/killgallioch/

[73] Cairn-Na-Gath, Dumfries and Galloway see http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/62319/details/cairn+na+gath/

[74] Bathampton Camp see http://list.english-heritage.org.uk/resultsingle.aspx?uid=1002480

[75] Wansdyke see http://www.wansdyke21.org.uk

[76] Chedworth Roman Villa see http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/chedworth-roman-villa/

[77] Unfortunately Lady Nicholson cannot be identified and neither can the site which is illegible but looks like Chikanim (which is not correct).

[78] Titterstone Clee Hill, Shropshire see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titterstone_Clee_Hill

[79] Uley Bury, Gloucestershire, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uley_Bury

[80] Caerleon, Newport, South Wales, see http://cadw.wales.gov.uk/daysout/Caerleon-roman-fortress-baths/?lang=en

[81] Caermead Roman Villa, Llantwit Major see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llantwit_Major_Roman_Villa

[82] Llantwit Major crosses see http://www.illtudsgalileechapel.org.uk/britains-earliest-centre-of-learning/the-celtic-crosses/

[83] Trawsmawr cross, I can find references via google to stones and crosses at Trawsmawr but not to a specific reference

[84] This cross cannot be identified, though the village is in Carmarthenshire, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llanfihangel-ar-Arth

[85] Actually Llandeilo, Carmarthenshire. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llandeilo for reference to 2 fragments of celtic cross found there

[86] See here http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margam_Stones_Museum. Margam is a suburb of Port Talbot, Neath

[87] see 88

[88] Merthyr Mawr, crosses now found at St Teilo churchyard

[89] Llangan, is probably Llangain in Carmarthenshire where there are three standing stones see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llangain

[90] Stantonbury Camp, Somerset, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stantonbury_Camp

[91] Wansdyke see http://www.wansdyke21.org.uk

DuB5617/88

[Service] Establishment

B4677 / 1888

[Drafted by] [illegible initials]

[Copied by] [illegible initials]

[Examined by] [illegible initials]

[Dispatched by] [illegible initials]

[Entered] [illegible initials]

H.W.P. 10/8

[To] The Under Sec’y of State War Office

10 Aug 1888

Sir,

With ref. to the letter from this Dept. of the 23rd ulto. (on W.O. no 48368/15), I am [illegible] &c to explain [insert] state [end insert] for the info’n of the Sec’y of State for War, that since July 1884 Genl. Pitt-Rivers has made no claim on acct. of travelling or personal expenses, altho’ the Bd. have reason to know that his disbursements during the intervening [insert] subsequent [end insert] period [insert] between that date & the present time [end insert] must have been considerable

HWP

I am &c

[Service] Establishment

B4677 / 1888

[Drafted by] [illegible initials]

[Copied by] [illegible initials]

[Examined by] [illegible initials]

[Dispatched by] [illegible initials]

[Entered] [illegible initials]

[illegible initials] 23 July 88

[illegible initials] July 88

[Subject] Gen Pitt Rivers

To: The Under Sec of State War Office

23 July 1888

Sir

In reply to Mr [illegible, possibly Davis’] letter of the 17th inst. No. 48368/ 15, I am [2 words illegible] you for the inf. of the Sec of State for War, that Gen. Pitt Rivers has received from this Dept since the 1st of Jan 1883 a salary of £250 per an with his actual expenses of locomotion, and an allowance for personal expenses of £1 for every night of absence from home

I am &c

HWP

Finance Div’n

What was the last date on which General Pitt-Rivers sent in an account for travelling expenses

H.W.P. 9/8/8

Sir

For the period to 21 July ’84 see annexed paper

J.W.

9.8.8

[illegible] W.O. that since July 84 General Pitt Rivers has made no claim on account of travelling or personal expenses although the Bd have reason to know that his disbursements during the period must have been considerable.

H.W.P. 9/8

Letter to W.O. 1078 [illegible initials]

[Stamp] Office of Works B 4677 18 July 1888

[Subject] Establishment War. Off. For particulars of emoluments of Genl. Pitt Rivers as Inspector of Anc: Monuments

[Memoranda]

Acquaint War Office that General Pitt Rivers has received since the 1st Jany 1883 a salary of £250 a year with his actual expenses of locomotion & an allowance for personal expenses of £1 for every night of absence from home

[illegible initials possibly RRP]

19 July 88

Letter 2.3.7.88 JF

No 48368/ 15

[Financial Secretary’s Department, War Office]

[Stamp][Office of works B4677 18 July 1888]

17th July 1888

Sir,

I am directed by the Secretary of State for War to request that you will have the goodness to state the emoluments which Lieutenant General Augustus Henry Lane Fox-Pitt-Rivers receives in respect of his employment as Inspector of Ancient Monuments in Great Britain, and also the date from which he became entitled to such emoluments.

I have the honor [sic] to be,

Sir,

Your obedient Servant,

[illegible but possibly Thos CB Cave][1]

The Secretary

Office of Works

Notes

[1] Possibly Thomas Cave-Browne-Cave (1835-1924), according to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cave-Browne-Cave_baronets he was ‘third son of the ninth Baronet, was Deputy Accountant-General of the Army from 1897 to 1900 and a Commissioner of the Royal Hospital Chelsea from 1899 to 1923.’

[Subject] Travelling Expensees of Genl Pitt Rivers

[Memoranda]

Mr Willis

The last claim for Travelling Exps received from Gen’l Pitt Rivers was for the period to 21 July 1884

JRB

15.9.87

Reserve

H.W.P. 16/9

[Stamp] Office of Works 10695 2 Jun 1884

[Subject] Establishment Uncashed Salary Orders of General Pitt-Rivers Future mode of payment

[Memoranda]

Genl. Pitt-Rivers

The orders issued to you for salary (for £20 in each case) on the 24th April, 24 May & 24th Aug’t 1883 have not been presented at the office of the Paymaster Gen’l for payment. if not so presented & cashed before the expiration of the present month they will lapse.

It might be convenient to you that, in future, all payments to you should be made through your Bankers, if you would like this course adopted perhaps you will be good enough to say so on this paper & to give their names

J.W.

2/6/84

I have mislaid the 3 orders of the 24 April 24 “May & 24 “August above referred to & should feel much obliged if this & all subsequent orders could be paid to my Bankers Messrs Cox & Co Craig’s Court [1]

A Pitt Rivers

Jun 25 1884

Noted for future payments

J.R.B.

25.6.84

Mr Wilis –

The outstanding Orders for Salary due to Gen’l Pitt-Rivers for the months of April, May & Aug’t ’83 were cashed on the 28th ult’o

W.W.

9 July 84

B but

Put by

[illegible initials]

11 July ‘84

Notes

[1] Cox & Co, later known as Cox & Kings, agents and bankers to the British Army. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cox_%26_Kings and http://www.lloydsbankinggroup.com/Our-Group/our-heritage/our-history/lloyds-bank/coxs--kings-army-agents/. The company were at Craig’s Court until 1888.

Orders issued to Gen’l Pitt Rivers uncashed

Sch

98 1144 – 24 April 83

210 2242 24 May

529 5963 24 Aug

Mr Collier asked to cause the words “per Cox & Co” to be added to Genl Pitt Rivers’s name in the Schedules containing above orders

25 June 84

J.W

* I have this day, left at Messrs Cox & Co, Craigs Court, duplicated of the above orders (per Messrs Cox & Co being added) & have explained that the orders should be cashed on or before the 30th instant

26 June ‘84

[Office of Works crested writing paper]

[Stamp] Office of Works 13661 8 Nov 1883

My dear Mitford [1]

I enclose herewith the account of travelling expenses & personal allowance which I conclude may be useful in connection with the other questions relating to my duties which I have referred to you.

Yours ever truly

A Pitt Rivers

[On reverse] Mr Willis

When paid

ABM

Nov.8.83

Prep’d for payment

[illegible initials]

13 Nov ‘83

A Div

Put by

[illegible initials]

15 Nov ‘83

?Destroy

Notes

[1] Algernon Bertram Freeman-Mitford (1837-1916) see http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/35048. Note, the two men were distantly related through Pitt-Rivers' wife. Secretary at the Office of works from 1874 to 1886.

[Stamp] Office of Works A 2255 31 Jan 1883

[Subject] Establishment

Treasury

Gazetting in Sch B of Office of Inspector of Monuments

[Memoranda]

Noted

[illegible initials]

Mr Woodfall

938

[illegible initials]

Jan [illegible] 1883

Noted

[illegible initials]

10 Feby’y ‘83

[illegible]

[illegible initials]

15 Feb ‘83

Noted

J.M.

6 Mar ‘83

Extract from London Gazette of 23 Feb. 1883

“The Comm’rs of H.M. Works, &c with the concurrence of the Lords Comm’rs of H.M. Treasury, hereby give notice that the undermentioned office is added to Schedule B of the Order in Council of the 4th of June 1870, viz

Inspector of Ancient Monuments

in Great Britain

“Treasury Chambers

Jan. 30, 1883”

[Along side] Ent’d J.L. Bk 59 Page 211

[Treasury Chambers]

30 January 1883

1794/83

[Stamp] Office of Works A 2255 31 Jan 1883

Sir,

With reference to your Report of the 24th instant (A 17552/ 82) I am directed by the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty’s Treasury to acquaint you that My Lords have given directions for the insertion of the following notice in the London Gazette viz:--

“The Commissioners of Her Majesty’s Works and Public Buildings, with the concurrence of the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty’s Treasury, hereby give notice that the undermentioned office is added to Schedule B. of the Order in Council of the 4th of June 1870, viz

Inspector of Ancient Monuments in Great Britain

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your obedient Servant,

J.A. Cole

[Service] Establ.

A17552/ 1882

[Drafted by] RB

[insert] ABM [end insert]

[Copied by] [illegible]

[Examined by] RB

[Dispatched by] WHL

[Entered] JLBk [?] 59 Page 117

24 Jan 1883

[To] The Treasury

My Lords,

With reference to your Ldps’ [Lordships] letters No 17877 & 18522 of the 11th, & 22nd of Nov’r last, I beg leave to acq’t [acquaint] your Ldps that [insert] I propose that [end insert] the appt. [appointment] of Genl A. Pitt-Rivers as Inspector of Ancient Monuments for in Great Britain will [insert] shall [end insert] take effect from the 1st instant

The Board see no objection to the proposal made in the last paragraph of the earlier of the letters above quoted, & I shall therefore be obliged by your Ldps’ causing the necessary notice to be inserted in the London Gazette, adding the appointment in question to Schedule B of the Order in Council of teh 4th of June 1870.

I am &c

G.S.L.

[Along side] Ent’d J.L.Bk 58 Page 54

18552

[Treasury Chambers]

22 November 1882

[Stamp] Office of Works A17552 23 Nov 1882

Sir,

I am directed by the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty’s Treasury to inform you with reference to Their Lordships’ letter of the 10th instant, that My Lords have been pleased to appoint General A. Pitt-Rivers F.R.S. to be the Inspector of Ancient Monuments for Great Britain under the Act 45/46 Vic, cap 73.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Rich’d Grosvenor

The First Commissioners of Works

C.C.P.

[on reverse]

Noted

[illegible initials]

First Commr

From what date is Gen’l Pitt Rivers’ appointment to run? This will affect the action of salary

ABM.

Jan.20.83

From Jan of this year

[illegible] Jan 22

Report to Treasury

24.1.83

Mr Woodfall

Jan.22.83

A.B.M.

[Along side] Ent’d J.L.Bk 57 Page 722

17877/82

[Treasury Chambers]

11th November 1882

[Stamp] Office of Works A17108 13 Nov 1882

Sir,

With reference to your Report of the 1st instant, relating to an appointment of an Inspector under the Ancient Monuments Protection Act, 1882 (45 & 46 Vict. Cap: 73) I am directed by the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty’s Treasury to acquaint you that My Lords sanction your proposal that an Inspector should be appointed with a Salary of £250 a year, who will be allowed his actual expenses of locomotion when travelling on the public service together with an allowance for personal expenses of £1 for every night of absence from home. Provision for the salary and expenses of this Officer should be made in the estimate for the Office of Works and Public Buildings for the year 1883/4.

My Lords will select a suitable person to hold this appointment and the name of the person selected will be communicated to you in due course.

The duties of the Officer in question will be confined to the ancient Monuments in Great Britain to the exclusion of Ireland.

He will not be required to give his whole time to public service and will not be entitled to Superannuation, and accordingly My Lords propose, if you see no objection to cause a notice to be inserted in the London Gazette adding the Office in question to Schedule B of the Order in Council of the 4th of June, 1870, under the title of “Inspector of Ancient Monuments in Great Britain.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your obedient Servant

Leonard Courtney [1]

The First Commissioner of Works

[on reverse] Noted for Estimates [illegible initials]

Notes

[1] Leonard Courtney, 1st Baron Courtney of Penwith (1832-1918) MP, from 1882 Financil Secretary to the Treasury

[Service] Ancient Monuments act, 1882

A14137/ 1882

Salary of Inspector

[Drafted by] [illegible]

[Copied by] E.M. Dixon

[Examined by] [illegible]

[Dispatched by] [illegible]

[Entered] JJBk [?] 57 Page 641

[insert] ABM [end insert]

1st Nov’r Oct 1882

The Treasury

My Lords,

I beg leave to acknowledge the receipt of Mr. Cole’s letter of the 28th of Sept. last, no. 16087, with reference to the duties & emoluments of the Inspector to be appointed under the Ancient Monuments Act of last session and, in reply, to acquaint your Lordships that the Act contemplates treating the Irish Ancient Monuments separately from those of England & Scotland inasmuch as the Commrs of Works are constituted the guardians of such monuments in England & Scotland [insert] only [end insert] and the Board of Works of Ireland for those in Ireland. [With respect to Ireland I beg leave to point out that already, under the Act for Disestablishing the Church of Ireland, a very considerable number of ancient monuments, (over 630), consisting of ancient buildings, stones, round towers & dolmens, formerly the property of the Church, were handed over to the Board of Works and are under their guardianship and that, for the purpose of their inspection & preservation, an Inspector has been appointed at a salary of £200 p.a. with travelling expenses [insert] expenses of locomotion and in addition [end insert] maintenance at the rate of £1 per day when travelling. As, however, only 18 monuments are scheduled in the Act of last year [insert] the present session [end insert] for Ireland it would seem that the inspection of these additional Monuments and the working of the Act may be ent..sted [word illegible in full] to the Inspector of the Board of Works, without any, or, at all events, with a very small increase of salary.

With reference to England & Scotland I beg leave to point out that 50 monuments are scheduled in the Act with power to add to their number by order in Council, and that the Inspector to be appointed should, in the first year after his appointment, visit all these & put himself in relation to their owners with a view to the monuments being placed under the guardianship of the Act. In future years, however, the Inspector will not be required to visit each monument annually but only at such intervals as may appear to be necessary.

Under these circs. I am of opinion that the person to be selected [insert] for the duties [end insert] should be some eminent archaeologist who would be willing to devote a part of his time to the work but who would not be expected to be continually [insert] continuously [end insert] at this Office, and, in this view, I would propose that the salary should be £250 per ann., with travelling expenses, &c as in the case of the Irish Inspector

I am &c

G.S.L.

[On Office of Works crested paper]

A14137/82

ABM [in red pencil]

Write to Treasury in reply to their letter of Sept. 28 that with reference to the duties & emoluments of the Inspector to be appointed under the Ancient Monuments Act of last session that the Act contemplates treating the Irish Ancient Monuments separately from those of England & Scotland inasmuch as the Commissioners of Works are constituted the authority for guardians of such monuments in England & Scotland and the Board of Works of Ireland for those in Ireland – With respect to the Ireland, I am point out that already under the Act for Disestablishing the Church of Ireland a very considerable no of ancient monuments, consisting of ancient buildings, stones, raised towers & dolmens formerly the property of the Church were handed over to the Board of Works and are under their guardianship and that for the purpose of their inspection & preservation an Inspector has been appointed at a salary of 200£ pa with travelling expenses and maint’ce at the rate of 1£ per day when travelling; that inasmuch as only 18 monuments are scheduled in the Act of last year for Ireland I thi it would seem that the guardiansh inspection of these additional monuments might & the working of the Act may be [illegible] to the Inspector of the Board of Works, without any or at all events with a very small increase in salary –

That with reference to England & Scotland point out that 50 monuments are scheduled in the Act with power to add to their numbers by Order in Council, that the Inspector to be appointed should in the first year after his appointment, visit all these & put himself in relation to their owners with a view to the monuments being placed under the guardianship of the Act, but that in future years the Inspector will not be required to visit each monument yearly but only at such intervals as may appear to be necessary

that under these circs. I am of opinion that the person to be selected for the duties should be some eminent archaeologist, who would be willing to devote a part of his time to the work but who would not be expected to do be continuously at this Office –

that in this view I would propose that the salary should be 250£ pa with travelling expenses as in the case of the Irish inspector

GR [posslbly GSL] Oct 31

[Along side] Ent’d J.L.Bk 57 Page 456

16087

[Treasury Chambers]

28th September 1882

[Stamp] Office of Works A14137 29 Sep 1882

Sir,

I am directed by the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty’s Treasury to inform you that they contemplate the appointment of an Inspector under the “Ancient Monuments Act, 1882”: but before deciding on the salary to be assigned to the post, they would wish to be furnished with a report from you upon the duties and emoluments which in your opinion should be attached to it.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your obedient Servant,

J.W.Lyle [?]

The First Commissioner of Works

[on reverse] Letter to Treasury

[illegible initials]

1 Nov ‘82

[Printed pamphlet]

[handwritten on top] A14137 / 82

[Stamp] Supplied for the Public Service

Ancient Monuments Protection Act, 1882

[45 & 46 Vict. Ch. 73]

Arrangements of Sections A.D. 1882

Section

1. Short title of Act.

2. Power to appoint Commissioners of Works guardians of ancient monuments

3. Power of Commissioners to purchase ancient monuments.

4. Power to give, devise, or bequeath ancient monuments to Commissioners.

5. Inspectors of ancient monuments.

6. Penalty for injury to ancient monuments.

7. Recovery of penalties

8. Description of Commissioners of Works, and law as to disposition in their favour

9. Descriptions of owners for purposes of Act.

10. Additions to Schedule by Order in Council

11. Definitions.

Schedule, containing List of Ancient Monuments to which Act applies.

[Public.—73.]

[45 & 46 Vict.] Ancient Monuments Protection Act, 1882. [Ch. 73]

Chapter 73.

An Act for the better protection of Ancient Monuments. A.D. 1882

[18th August 1882.]

Be it enacted by the Queen’s most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:

1. Short title of Act. This Act may be cited for all purposes as the Ancient Monuments Protection Act, 1882.

2. Power to appoint Commissioners of Works guardians of ancient monuments. The owner of any ancient monument to which this Act applies may, by deed under his hand, constitute the Commissioners of Works in this Act mentioned the guardians of such monument.

Where the Commissioners of Works have been constituted guardians of a monument, they shall thenceforth, until they shall receive notice in writing to the contrary from any succeeding owner not bound by such deed as aforesaid, maintain such monument, and shall, for the purpose of such maintenance, at all reasonable times by themselves and their workmen have access to such monument for the purpose of inspecting it, and of bringing such materials and doing such acts and things as may be required for the maintenance thereof.

The owner of an ancient monument of which the Commissioners of Works are guardians shall, save as in this Act expressly provided, have the same estate, right, title, and interest, in and to such monument, in all respects, as if the Commissioners had not been constituted guardians thereof.

The expressions “maintain” and “maintenance” include the fencing, repairing, cleansing, covering in, or doing any other act or thing which may be required for the purpose of repairing any monument or protecting the same from decay or injury. The cost of maintenance shall, subject to the approval of Her Majesty’s Treasury, be defrayed from moneys to be provided by Parliament.

3. Power of Commissioners to purchase ancient monuments. The Commissioners of Works, with the consent of the Treasury, may purchase out of any moneys which may for that purpose be from time to time provided by Parliament any ancient monument to which this Act applies, and with a view to such purchase the Lands Clauses Consolidation Acts shall be incorporated with this Act, with the exception of the provisions which relate to the purchase and taking of lands otherwise than by agreement. In construing the said Lands Clauses Consolidation Acts for the purposes of this Act, this Act shall be deemed to be the special Act, and the Commissioners of Works shall be deemed to be the promoters of the undertaking.

4. Power to give, devise, or bequeath ancient monuments to Commissioners. Any person may by deed or will give, devise, or bequeath to the Commissioners of works all such estate and interest in any ancient monument to which this Act applies as he may be seised or possessed of, and it shall be lawful for the Commissioners of Works to accept such gift, devise, or bequest if they think it expedient so to do.

5. Inspectors of ancient monuments. The Commissioners of Her Majesty’s Treasury shall appoint one or more inspectors of ancient monuments, whose duty it shall be to report to the Commissioners of Works on the condition of such monuments, and on the best mode of preserving the same, and there may be awarded to the inspectors so appointed such remuneration and allowance for expenses, out of moneys provided by Parliament, as may be determined by the Commissioners of Her Majesty’s Treasury.

6. Penalty for injury to ancient monuments. If any person injures or defaces any ancient monument to which this Act applies, such person shall, on summary conviction, be liable, at the discretion of the court by which he is tried, to one of the following penalties; (that is to say,)

(1.) To forfeit any sum not exceeding five pounds, and in addition thereto to pay such sum as the court may think just for the purpose of repairing any damage which has been caused by the offender; or,

(2.) To be imprisoned with or without hard labour for any term not exceeding one month.

The owner of an ancient monument shall not be punishable under this section in respect of any act which he may do to such monument, except in cases where the Commissioners of Works have been constituted guardians of such monument, in which case the owner shall be deemed to have relinquished his rights of ownership so far as relates to any injury or defacement of such monument, and may be dealt with as if he were not the owner.

7. Recovery of penalties Offences and penalties under this Act shall be prosecuted and recovered in manner provided by the Summary Jurisdiction Acts.

The expression “Summary Jurisdiction Acts”—

(1.) As regards England, has the same meaning as in the Summary Jurisdiction Act, 1879; and

(2.) As regards Scotland, means the Summary Jurisdiction (Scotland) Acts, 1864 and 1881; and

(3.) As regards Ireland, means, within the police district of Dublin metropolis, the Acts regulating the powers and duties of justices of the peace for such district or of the police of such district; and elsewhere in Ireland, the Petty Sessions (Ireland) Act, 1851, and any Act amending the same.

In England any person aggrieved by any decision of the court acting under the Summary Jurisdiction Acts may appeal to a court of general or quarter sessions.

8. Description of Commissioners of Works, and law as to disposition in their favour. The expression “The Commissioners of Works” means as respects Great Britain the Commissioners of Her Majesty’s Works and Public Buildings, and as respects Ireland the Commissioners of Public Works in Ireland.

Each of the said bodies, that is to say, the Commissioners of Her Majesty’s Works and Public Buildings as respects Great Britain and the Commissioners of Public Works in Ireland as respects Ireland, shall be incorporated by their said names respectively, and shall have perpetual succession and a common seal, and may purchase or acquire by gift, will, or otherwise, and hold without license in mortmain, any land or estate or interest in land for the purposes of this Act; and any conveyance, appointment, devise, or bequest of land, or any estate or interest in land under this Act to either of the said bodies, shall not be deemed to be a conveyance, appointment, devise or bequest to a charitable use within the meaning of the Acts relating to charitable uses. In the case of an ancient monument in Scotland, a duplicate of any report made by any inspector under this Act to the Commissioners of Works shall be forwarded to the Board of Trustees for Manufactures in Scotland, and it shall be the duty of the Commissioners of Works in relation to any such monument, to take into consideration any representations which may be made to them by the said Board of Trustees for Manufactures.

9. Descriptions of owners for purposes of Act. The following persons shall be deemed to be “owners” of ancient monuments for the purposes of this Act; that is to say,

(1.) Any person entitled to his own benefit, at law or in equity, for an estate in fee, to the possession or receipt of the rents and profits of any freehold or copyhold land, being the site of an ancient monument, whether such land is or not subject to incumbrance:

(2.) Any person absolutely entitled in possession, at law or in equity, for his own benefit, to a beneficial lease of land, being the site of an ancient monument, of which not less than forty-five years are unexpired, whether such land is or not subject to incumbrances; but no lease shall be deemed to be a beneficial lease, within the meaning of this Act, if the rent reserved thereon exceeds one third part of the full annual value of the land demised by such lease:

(3.) Any person entitled under any existing or future settlement, at law or in equity, for his own benefit, and for the term of his own life, or the life of any other person, to the possession or receipt of the rents and profits of land of any tenure, being the site of an ancient monument, whether subject or not to incumbrances in which the estate for the time being subject to the trusts of the settlement is an estate for lives or years renewable for ever, or is an estate renewable for a term of not less than sixty years, or is an estate for a term of years of which not less than sixty are unexpired, or is a greater estate than any of the foregoing estates:

(4.) Any body corporate, any corporation sole, any trustees for charities, and any commissioners or trustees for ecclesiastical, collegiate, or other public purposes, entitled at law or in equity, and whether subject or not to incumbrances, in the case of freehold or copyhold land, being the site of an ancient monument, in fee, or in the case of leasehold land, being the site of an ancient monument, to a lease for an unexpired term of not less than sixty years.

Where any owner as herein-before defined is a minor, or of unsound mind, or a married woman, the guardian, committee, or husband, as the case may be, of such owner, shall be the owner within the meaning of this Act; subject to this proviso, that an married woman entitled to her separate use, and not restrained from anticipation, shall for the purposes of this Act, be treated as if she were not married. Every person deriving title from any ancient monument from, through, or under any owner who has constituted the Commissioners of Works the guardians of such monument shall be bound by the deed executed by such owner for that purpose; and where the owner of any land, being the site of an ancient monument, is the tenant for life, or in tail, or heir of entail in possession in Scotland, having a power of sale over such land, either under the terms of a will or settlement, or under an Act of Parliament, any deed executed by such owner in respect of the land, being such site as aforesaid, of which he is so tenant for life or in tail, shall bind every succeeding owner of any estate or interest in the land.

10. Additions to Schedule by Order in Council. Her Majesty may, from time to time, by Order in Council declare that any monument of a like character to the monuments described in the Schedule hereto, shall be deemed to be an ancient monument to which this Act applies, and thereupon this Act shall apply to such monument in the same manner in all respects as if it had been described in the Schedule hereto.

An Order in Council under this section shall not come into force until it has lain for forty days before both Houses of Parliament during the Session of Parliament.

11. Definitions. The following expressions shall, except in so far as is inconsistent with the tenour of this Act, have the meaning herein-after assigned to them; (that is to say,)

The word “settlement” includes any Act of Parliament, will, deed, or other assurances whereby particular estates or particular interests in land are created, with remainders or interests expectant thereon:

“Lands Clauses Consolidation Acts.” 8 & 9 Vict, c. 18, 8 & 9 Vict. c.19. The expression Lands Clauses Consolidation Acts, 1845, and other Acts amending the same; and as respects Scotland, the Land Clauses Consolidation (Scotland) Act, 1845, and any Act amending the same; and as respects Ireland, the Lands Clauses Consolidation Acts, 1845, and the Acts amending the same, so far as respects Ireland:

“Ancient Monuments to which Act applies.” The expression ancient monuments to which Act applies” means the monuments described in the Schedule hereto, and any other monuments of a like character of which the Commissioners of Works at the request of the owners thereof may consent to become guardians; and “ancient monument” includes the site of such monument and such portion of land adjoining the same as may be required to fence, cover in, or otherwise preserve from injury the monument standing on each site, also the means of access to such monuments.

The Schedule

List of Ancient Monuments to which Act applies

England and Wales

NB see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Monuments_Protection_Act_1882 where these sites are listed and linked to location etc

	County	Parish
The tumulus and dolmen, Plas Newydd, Llandedwen, Anglesea.	Anglesea [sic].	Llandedwen
The tumulus known as Wayland Smith's Forge, Ashbury, Berkshire.	Berkshire	Ashbury
Uffington Castle	Berkshire	Uffington
The stone circle known as Long Meg and her Daughters, near Penrith,	Cumberland	Addingham
The stone circle on Castle Rigg, near Keswick,	Cumberland	Crosthwaite
The stone circles on Burn Moor	Cumberland.	St. Bees
The stone circle known as The Nine Ladies, Stanton Moor	Derbyshire	Bakewell
The tumulus known as Arborlow	Derbyshire	Bakewell
Hob Hurst's House and Hut, Baslow Moor	Derbyshire	Bakewell
Minning Low	Derbyshire	Brassington
Arthur’s Quoit, Gower	Glamorganshire	Llanridian
The tumulus at Uley	Gloucestershire	Uley
Kits Coty House	Kent	Aylesford
Danes Camp	Northamptonshire	Hardingstone
Castle Dykes	Northamptonshire	Farthingston
The Rollrich [sic] Stones	Oxfordshire	Little Rollright
The Pentre Evan Cromlech	Pembrokeshire	Nevern
The ancient stones at Stanton Drew	Somersetshire	Stanton Drew
The chambered tumulus at Stoney Littleton, Wellow	Somersetshire	Wellow
Cadbury Castle	Somersetshire	South Cadbury
Mayborough, near Penrith	Westmoreland	Barton
Arthur’s Round Table, Penrith	Westmoreland	Barton
The group of stones known as Stonehenge	Wiltshire	Amesbury
Old Sarum	Wiltshire	------
The vallum at Abury, the Sarcen stones within the same, those along the Kennet Road, and the group between Abury and Beckhampton	Wiltshire	Abury
The long barrow at West Kennet, near Marlborough	Wiltshire	West Kennet
Silbury Hill	Wiltshire	Abury
The Dolmen (Devil’s Den), near Marlborough	Wiltshire	Fyfield
Barbury Castle	Wiltshire	Ogboume, St. Andrews, and Swindon

List of Ancient Monuments to which Act applies

Scotland

	County	Parish
The Bass of Inverury	Aberdeenshire	Inverurie
The vitrified fort on the Hill of Noath	Aberdeenshire	Rhynie
The pillar and stone at Newton-in-the-Garioch	Aberdeenshire	Culsalmond
The circular walled structures called "Edin’s Hall," on Cockburn Law	Berwickshire	Dunse
The British walled settlement enclosing huts at Harefaulds in Lauderdale	Berwickshire	Lauder
The Dun of Dornadilla	Sutherlandshire	Durness
The sculptured stone called Suenos Stone, near Forres	Elgin, Sutherlandshire	Rafford
The cross slab, with inscription, in the churchyard of St. Vigeans	Forfarshire	St. Vigeans
The British forts, on the hills, called "The Black and White Catherthuns."	Forfarshire	Menmuir
A group of remains and pillars, on a haugh at Clava on the banks of the Nairn	Inverness	Croy and Dalcross
The Pictish Towers at Glenelg	Inverness	Glenelg
The Cairns, with chambers and galleries partially dilapidated	Kirkcudbrightshire	Minnigaff
The Catstane, an inscribed pillar	Linlithgow	Kirkliston
The Ring of Brogar and other stone pillars at Stennis in Orkney, and the neighbouring pillars	Orkney	Firth and Stennis
The Chambered mound of Maeshowe	Orkney	Firth and Stennis
The stones of Callernish	Ross	Uig
The Burgh of Clickanim	Shetland	Sound
The Pictish tower at Mousa in Shetland	Shetland	Dunrossness
The inscribed slab standing on the roadside leading from Wigton to Whithorn and about a mile from Whithorn	Wigtonshire	Whithorn
Two stones, with incised crosses, on a mound in a field at Laggangairn	Wigtonshire	New Luce
The pillars at Kirkmadrine	Wigtonshire	Stoneykirk

List of Ancient Monuments to which Act applies

Ireland

	County	Parish	Barony
The earthern enclosure and mounds called the Navan Fort	Armagh	Eglish	Armagh
Stone monuments and groups of sepulchral cists in Glen Maulin	Donegal	Glencolumbkille	Banagh
The earthern and stone inclosure known as Grimm of Aileach	Donegal	Burt	West Innishowen
The earthen inclosure and Cromlech called the Giant's Ring near Ballylessan	Down	Drumbo	Upper Castlereagh
The earthern fort at Downpatrick (Dunkeltair)	Down	Downpatrick	Leoale
Stone structure called Staigue Fort	Kerry	Kilcrogham	Dunkerron
The earthern mound at Greenmount	Kerry	Kilsaren	Ardee
The stone monument at Ballyna	Mayo	Kilmoremoy	Tyrawly
Cairns and stone circles at Moytura	Mayo	Cong	Kilmaine
The tumuli, New Grange, Knowth and Dowth	Meath	Monknewton and Dowth	Upper Slane
The earthworks on the hill of Tara	Meath	Tara	Skreen
The earthworks at Teltown (Taltin)	Meath	Teltown	Upper Kells
The earthworks at Wardstown (Tlaghta)	Meath	Athboy	Lune
The two central tumuli on the hills called Slieve Na Calliagh	Meath	Loughcrew	Fore
The Cairn at Heapstown	Sligo	Kilmacallan	Tirerrill
Sepulchral remains at Carrowmore. The cairn called Miscaun Mave or Knocknarea	Sligo	Kilmacowen	Curbury
The cave containing Ogham inscribed stones at Drumloghan	Waterford	Stradbally	Decies without Drum
The stone monument called the Catstone and the cemetery on the hill of Usnagh	Westmeath	Killare	Rathconrath

Box 3/1/2

Copy

The National Trust

1 Great College Street

Westminster, London, S.W.

Jan. 8th, 1897.

The Secretary of Her Majesty’s Public Works,

12 Whitehall Place, S.W.,

Sir,

I am desired by my Committee to draw your attention to the wanton destruction of prehistoric remains at Sherburton Common, Dartmoor, and in particular of the Ancient Stone Avenue at Bel Tor, by [insert] road [end insert] contractors. Such monuments are numerous in this part of Devonshire, and my Committee would be glad to learn whether Her Majesty’s First Commissioner would be likely to see his way towards entering into co-operation with owners to bring such monuments within the scope of the Ancient Monuments Protection Act, 1882.

I have, Sir, the honour to remain,

Yours faithfully,

Lionel Curtis

Secy.

These monuments are not in the schedule to the Ancient Monuments Protection Act, but they seem to be of a class which might be brought within the operation of the Act by order in Council, and taken in charge by the Board with the consent of the owners whoever they may be.

H.J.H. Jan 9/97

General Pitt-Rivers,

For observations.

R.L. 10 Jan. 1897.

Transcribed by AP January 2015, all notes by AP

Pitt-Rivers papers PRM Box 3 Part 1

2015-02-04T15:06:29+00:00

PR box 3 / 1 transcriptions

All of the letters in this subsection have been transcribed. A full listing of all the Pitt-Rivers’ letters in the PRM is available here. All notes about aspects of the letters were also prepared by the transcriber, Alison Petch. Transcriptions and notes were prepared between January and February 2015. Please note: all of this Box 3/ 1 section are tagged together using a stationery tag through hole in top left.

[Stamp: Office of Works B 6856 30 Oct 1898]

[Subject] Public Buildings Estimates 1897-8

Protection of Ancient Monuments

[Memoranda]

General Pitt Rivers,

Will you be so good as to state before the 15th, prox. what sum you consider should be provided in the Estimates for 1897-8 for this service.

It has been the practice of late years to take a sum of £100 per annum

[Illegible initials]

30 Oct 96

Nov 14th 1896 A Pitt Rivers

[Different handwriting] FO[illegible]

What has been expended last year & up to this date this year?

[illegible initials]

23.11.96

[Different handwriting] B[illegible]

Expenditure as follows

1895-6 = £17.11.3

1 Apl – 24 Nov. 96 = £1.9.6

[illegible initials]

24.11.96

[Different handwriting] Secretary

What provision should be made for 1897-8?

[illegible initials]

26.11.96

[Different handwriting] General Pitt Rivers

2. Are you aware of any monuments of interest and importance which would have been scheduled had this Dept taken the initiative?

3. Do you know of any important monuments which are neglected owing to the fact that they are not scheduled?

[illegible initials] 26 Nov 96

Notes

[1] Henry William Primrose (1846-1923) Scottish civil servant, secretary of the Office of Works from 1887 to 1895.

Cover sheet

‘Office Establishment.

Genl. A. Pitt-Rivers.

(Inspector of Ancient Monuments)

[Stamp Office of Works B 1121 26 Feb 1891]

Establishment

Genl Pitt-Rivers

Inspector of Ancient Monuments

[Memoranda]

Finance Div’n

I have informed Genl Pitt Rivers that the F.C. agrees to this proposal

H.W.P. [1]

28/2

2/3

[Different handwriting] Mr Worsfall

To note the further payments sh’d be made

J.W.

[Different handwriting] Noted

5.3.91

[Different handwriting] B. b[illegible]

5.3.91

[Different handwriting] But [?Put] by

[illegible initials]

Ap 93

[Typed copy letter]

[Stamp Office of Works B 1121 26 Feb 1891]

Rushmore

Salisbury

February 25th 1891

Dear Mr Primrose [1]

It is now nearly two years since the Ancient Monuments Act has been worked on the new system, and carried out according to your instructions, viz., on teh principle that “the Act being Permissive, the attitude of the Government should be passive”. As I expected the result has been that no additional Monuments have been added to the list. I do not think this view of the Act is other than the correct one, but it is, as you know, quite contrary to the principle on which I worked it for the past [insert] first] 7 years. My private Archaeological Staff, consisting of 4 assistants, has been used during the whole of that time, but during the last 18 months or two years, beyond correspondence, occasional inspections, and the construction of models of the Monuments, respecting which a proposal will, I believe, be made to the Government by the United Archaeological Societies of the country, there has not been much to do.

Yours truly,

A Pitt-Rivers

P.S.—I do not think that any damage is being done to pre-historic Monuments at the present time.

Notes

[1] Henry William Primrose (1846-1923) Scottish civil servant, secretary of the Office of Works from 1887 to 1895.

[Stamp: Office of Works B 454 1 1 Jan 1889]

Establishment

Lieut. Genl Pitt-Rivers

Treasury – Copy of lr [letter] addressed to War Off [War Office] respecting the Retired Pay of

[Memoranda]

p.p. Dim

General Pitt Rivers

To see

H.W.P. 1/1/89

[Pitt-Rivers’ handwriting] Seen & returned

Jan 7th 1889 A Pitt Rivers

J Warisun

To see

[illegible initials]

9.1.89

[Different handwriting] B bw

Seen

18 Jan 89

[Different handwriting] Pully

[illegible]

21.1.89

[In reply to this Letter the following Number should be quoted] 20346/ 88

[Treasury Chambers]

31 December 1888

[Stamp: Office of Works B[illegible] 1 Jan 1889]

Sir

[I have the honour to be,]

Sir

[Your most obedient Servant.]

[illegible signature]

The First Commissioners of Works

[Carbon]

20346/88 31 December 8

[Stamp: Office of Works B[illegible] 1 Jan 1889]

Sir,

I am, Sir,

Your obedient Servant

[To] The Financial Secretary War Office

[Stamp: Office of Works B7365 23 Nov 1888]

[Subject] Treasury Reference No. 18309/88

Establishment

Lt. Genl. Fox Pitt-Rivers War Off. Further for issue of Retired Pay although he is in receipt of civil salary as Inspector of Anc. Mon’ts

[Memoranda]

[Insert] B5617/88 & pp Genl Pitt-Rivers 4/9 [end insert]

General Pitt Rivers

With gr... [illegible] the previous papers which appear to have been referred to you on the 4th of August [insert] September [end insert] last

KRG

21 Nov 88

[Pitt-Rivers’ handwriting] All previous papers returned herewith

Nov 24 1888 A Pitt Rivers

[insert] H.W.P. 18/12

[different handwriting] 20.12.’88

My Lords

It cannot I think be [illegible word crossed out] denied that, in the strictly literal sense of the term, the office which Genl P.R. holds under this Board is an officer [insert] [illegible] [end insert] of Profit – On the other hand I am satisfied that as a matter of fact Genl P.R. has derived little of any, [insert] (the [end insert] actual profit [insert] which Genl P.r. has derived [end insert] from it [insert] is much below the sum he has received in salary [end insert], and that, if any accurate account of his disbursements in connection with his work as Inspector could be purposed -- a process which [insert] I fear [end insert] wd. not now be practicable – it wd. show that but a small balance, if any, over his receipts in return – [illegible] circumstances it will be for [illegible] to determine whether a [illegible word crossed out][illegible] can be given to the position which Genl. P.R. has taken up in regard to his civil offices – such as will cover his omission to include a reference to it in his declaration to the W.O.—an omission which, while technically incorrect, appears to have been made in perfectly good faith, and to be not entirely at variance with the actual factss—not result of the actual facts

I am ...

[different handwriting] HWP for JC

[added to side in same handwriting] Dis PMR 20.12.88 [illegible]

General Pitt Rivers

to see

H.W.P. 20/12

Seen & returned

Dec 21 1888 A Pitt Rivers

(See B1/ 89)

[Stamp: Office of Works B5617 30 Aug 1889]

[Written along fold Entd T.L.B. no 82 pa 618

[Subject] Treasury Reference, No. 14133/88

Establishment

War Office – Lt Genl Fox-Pitt-Rivers to draw retired pay as well as Civil Salary

[Memoranda]

[insert] 184677/88 1 file DWn [end insert]

General Pitt Rivers –

Would you supply a memo’r for submission to the Treasury, explaining the grounds on which you consider that your appointment as Inspector of Ancient Monuments is not an “Employment of Profit”

H.w.P. 3/9

[Different handwriting, not Pitt-Rivers’s, presumably a copyist] Secretary,

It is very difficult in this way to draw an exact line between private archaeological work and official work.

The annexed copy of Lord Stalbridge’s letter [1] will perhaps explain the nature of the work that I undertook

[strip of paper cut out and stuck in, with Pitt-Rivers’ handwriting]

A. Pitt Rivers.

Lt: General,

Inspector of Ancient Monuments

Notes

[1] Richard de Aquila Grosvenor, 1st Baron Stalbridge (1837-1912), MP, in 1882 he was Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasury (he was in that post from 1880-1885). See here.

Treasury Reference

14133/ 88

B5617/88

War Office

24 Aug ‘88

Lt. Genl. Fox-Pitt-Rivers – To draw retired pay as well as Civil Salary

But does the Office of Works admit that his salary of £250 is not remunerative? The test is his paying Income Tax or not

(sa) GL R. 28/8

Refer to the First Comm’r of Works for observations

(sd) [that is, signed] GL. R.

28/8

28368/ 19 B:5617/88

Financial Sect’ys Dept

War Office

24th Aug 1888

Sir,

I have to,

(sd) A.H. Knox

The Secretary

Treasury

[On Office of Works crested paper]

18309 / 88

B.7355/ 88

17 Nov. 88

War Office

Lt. Gen: Fox-Pitt-Rivers

Fur: for issue of Retired Pay altho’ he is in receipt of civil salary as Inspector of Ancient Monuments.

Minute

Refer to the First Commr of Works, with reference to 14133/88 referred to him on 29th August last.

G.L.R. 19/11

[On Office of Works crested paper]

18309 / 88

B.7355

Financial Secretary’s Department,

War Office.

17 November 1888

Sir,

I have &c,

(sd.) H.J. de la Bère

The Secretary

to the Treasury

S.W.

Copy

B5617/ 88

[Subject] Ancient Monuments Act

Appointment of Inspector Letter from Lord Richard Grosvenor

[Memoranda]

Nov. 9 1882

My dear General Pitt-Rivers,

I am,

Yours faithfully

Richard Grosvenor

Genl. Pitt-Rivers

Notes

[1] Gladstone was then Prime Minister

[The following appears to be in Pitt-Rivers’ handwriting]

[On Office of Works crested paper]

B5617/ 88

Ancient Monuments Act

Account of Journies [sic] of inspection made by General Pitt Rivers since 21 July 1884

1884 July

London to Bakewell Derbyshire for Hob’s Hurst’s House [sic] [1] and on to Manchester. Returned owing to bad weather

1885 August

1886 October

1887 August

London to Sheffield for Carlswark, Derbyshire [49], Bailey at Bradfield [50], Camp Green at Hathersage [51], Roman Camp at Brough near Hope, Derbyshire. [52]

1887 June [sic]

Rushmore to Old Sarum [53] and Stonehenge [54]

1887 September

1887 October

(Three assistants were employed constantly on this tour)

1888 September

Plans, Sections and Drawings were taken of nearly all the monuments named above

Notes on Inspector sites visited

[1] Hob Hurst’s House, see here

[2] There are several stone circles that might qualify for this description, elsewhere this is described as Burn Moor (or Burnmoor) near St Bees

[3] Possibly here

[4] Probably part or all of here

[5] Antonine Wall, Castlecary, near Cumbernauld, see here

[6] Woodhouselees, Midlothian, site cannot be identified but presumably marked here here

[7] Serpent Mound, Loch Nell, Argyll, see here or possibly here

[8] Iona, Inner Hebrides, see here

[9] Gairloch, Wester Ross, see here, possibly to see a Pictish stone

[10] Callanish stones, Isle of Lewis, see here

[11] Dun Carloway, Isle of Lewis see here

[12] Barvas, Isle of Lewis, see here

[13] Not identified, presumably one of these here

[14] Isle of Lewis. See here. Presumably the ones mentioned here, here

[15] Garynahine, Isle of Lewis see here

[16] Strathpeffer, Ross and Cromarty, see here

[17] Kinnahaird Highland see here

[18] Achilty henge, see here

[19] Knock Farril, Highland. See here

[20] Heights of Bray, see here

[21] Cat’s Back is a ridge near Strathpeffer also called Druimchat, see here. The specific site has not been identified.

[22] Golspie, Sutherland see here

[23] Cannot be surely identified, appears to be called Craig-Carril or Carroll broch

[24] Orkney islands

[25] The Ring of Brodgar, Stenness, Orkney, see here

[26] See here

[27] Maeshowe, Orkney, see here

[28] Lingro Broch, Orkney see here

[29] Lairg, Sutherland, see here

[30] Altnaharra, Sutherland, see here

[31] Dun Dornaigil Broch, see here

[32] Possibly Kinchyle of Dores, near Scaniport, Highland see here

[33] Cannot identify site

[34] Criag Phadrig, see here

[35] Ruthwell cross, see here

[36] Burnswark Roman Fort, Dumfries and Galloway see here

[37] Cannot be identified

[38] Mote of Urr, Dumfries and Galloway, see here

[39] St Peter Stone, Whithorn, Dumfries and Galloway see here [see also note 63]

[40] St Ninian’s Cave, Whithorn, Dumfries and Galloway see here

[41] See here

[42] Creebridge Cairn, Dumfries and Galloway see here

[43] Minnigaff, Dumfries and Galloway, see here

[44] Drumfern cairn, Dumfries and Galloway see here

[45] Drannandow stones, see here

[46] Kirkmadrine, Dumfries and Galloway, one of these see here

[47] Balgreggan, Dumfries and Galloway, probably here

[48] Laggangarn, Dumfries and Galloway, see here

[49] Now known as Carl Wark, Sheffield, North Yorkshire, see here

[50] Bailey Hill, High Bradfield, South Yorkshire see here

[51] Camp Green, Church Bank, Hathersage, see here

[52] Brough-on-Noe Roman Camp see here

[53] See here

[54] See here

[55] Maumbury Rings, see here

[56] See here

[57] The nine stones, Winterbourne Abbas see here

[58] Hell Stone Portesham see here

[59] See here

[60] Long barrow near Abbotsbury, See here

[61] Rispain, see here

[62] Whithorn Priory, see here

[63] St Peter Stone, Whithorn, Dumfries and Galloway see here [see also note 39]

[64] St Ninian’s Chapel, see here

[65] Barsalloch Point, Dumfries and Galloway see here

[66] Drumtroddan Standing Stone see here

[67] There are several cup and ring marked stones near Drumtroddan see here and here and here.

[68] These appear to be a reference to Blairbowie, in Aberdeenshire, where there is a standing stone see here but also other monuments

[69] Druchtag Mote Hill, Dumfries and Galloway see here

[70] Airelich Cannot be identified, possibly Meikle Findowie, Perth and Kinross, see here

[71] Torhousekie, Dumfries and Galloway see here

[72] Killgallioch, Dumfries and Galloway see here

[73] Cairn-Na-Gath, Dumfries and Galloway see here

[74] Bathampton Camp see here

[75] Wansdyke see here

[76] Chedworth Roman Villa see here

[77] Unfortunately Lady Nicholson cannot be identified and neither can the site which is illegible but looks like Chikanim (which is not correct).

[78] Titterstone Clee Hill, Shropshire see here

[79] Uley Bury, Gloucestershire, see here

[80] Caerleon, Newport, South Wales, see here

[81] Caermead Roman Villa, Llantwit Major see here

[82] Llantwit Major crosses see here

[83] Trawsmawr cross, I can find references via google to stones and crosses at Trawsmawr but not to a specific reference

[84] This cross cannot be identified, though the village is in Carmarthenshire, here

[85] Actually Llandeilo, Carmarthenshire. See here for reference to 2 fragments of celtic cross found there

[86] See here here. Margam is a suburb of Port Talbot, Neath

[87] see 88

[88] Merthyr Mawr, crosses now found at St Teilo churchyard

[89] Llangan, is probably Llangain in Carmarthenshire where there are three standing stones see here

[90] Stantonbury Camp, Somerset, see here

[91] Wansdyke see here

DuB5617/88

[Service] Establishment

B4677 / 1888

[Drafted by] [illegible initials]

[Copied by] [illegible initials]

[Examined by] [illegible initials]

[Dispatched by] [illegible initials]

[Entered] [illegible initials]

H.W.P. 10/8

[To] The Under Sec’y of State War Office

10 Aug 1888

Sir,

HWP

I am &c

[Service] Establishment

B4677 / 1888

[Drafted by] [illegible initials]

[Copied by] [illegible initials]

[Examined by] [illegible initials]

[Dispatched by] [illegible initials]

[Entered] [illegible initials]

[illegible initials] 23 July 88

[illegible initials] July 88

[Subject] Gen Pitt Rivers

To: The Under Sec of State War Office

23 July 1888

Sir

I am &c

HWP

Finance Div’n

What was the last date on which General Pitt-Rivers sent in an account for travelling expenses

H.W.P. 9/8/8

Sir

For the period to 21 July ’84 see annexed paper

J.W.

9.8.8

H.W.P. 9/8

Letter to W.O. 1078 [illegible initials]

[Stamp] Office of Works B 4677 18 July 1888

[Subject] Establishment War. Off. For particulars of emoluments of Genl. Pitt Rivers as Inspector of Anc: Monuments

[Memoranda]

[illegible initials possibly RRP]

19 July 88

Letter 2.3.7.88 JF

No 48368/ 15

[Financial Secretary’s Department, War Office]

[Stamp][Office of works B4677 18 July 1888]

17th July 1888

Sir,

I have the honor [sic] to be,

Sir,

Your obedient Servant,

[illegible but possibly Thos CB Cave][1]

The Secretary

Office of Works

Notes

[1] Possibly Thomas Cave-Browne-Cave (1835-1924), according to here he was ‘third son of the ninth Baronet, was Deputy Accountant-General of the Army from 1897 to 1900 and a Commissioner of the Royal Hospital Chelsea from 1899 to 1923.’

[Subject] Travelling Expenses of Genl Pitt Rivers

[Memoranda]

Mr Willis

The last claim for Travelling Exps received from Gen’l Pitt Rivers was for the period to 21 July 1884

JRB

15.9.87

Reserve

H.W.P. 16/9

[Stamp] Office of Works 10695 2 Jun 1884

[Subject] Establishment Uncashed Salary Orders of General Pitt-Rivers Future mode of payment

[Memoranda]

Genl. Pitt-Rivers

J.W.

2/6/84

A Pitt Rivers

Jun 25 1884

Noted for future payments

J.R.B.

25.6.84

Mr Wilis –

The outstanding Orders for Salary due to Gen’l Pitt-Rivers for the months of April, May & Aug’t ’83 were cashed on the 28th ult’o

W.W.

9 July 84

B but

Put by

[illegible initials]

11 July ‘84

Notes

[1] Cox & Co, later known as Cox & Kings, agents and bankers to the British Army. See here and here. The company were at Craig’s Court until 1888.

Orders issued to Gen’l Pitt Rivers uncashed

Sch

98 1144 – 24 April 83

210 2242 24 May

529 5963 24 Aug

Mr Collier asked to cause the words “per Cox & Co” to be added to Genl Pitt Rivers’s name in the Schedules containing above orders

25 June 84

J.W

26 June ‘84

[Office of Works crested writing paper]

[Stamp] Office of Works 13661 8 Nov 1883

My dear Mitford [1]

I enclose herewith the account of travelling expenses & personal allowance which I conclude may be useful in connection with the other questions relating to my duties which I have referred to you.

Yours ever truly

A Pitt Rivers

[On reverse] Mr Willis

When paid

ABM

Nov.8.83

Prep’d for payment

[illegible initials]

13 Nov ‘83

A Div

Put by

[illegible initials]

15 Nov ‘83

?Destroy

Notes

[1] Algernon Bertram Freeman-Mitford (1837-1916) see here. Note, the two men were distantly related through Pitt-Rivers' wife. Secretary at the Office of works from 1874 to 1886.

[Stamp] Office of Works A 2255 31 Jan 1883

[Subject] Establishment

Treasury

Gazetting in Sch B of Office of Inspector of Monuments

[Memoranda]

Noted

[illegible initials]

Mr Woodfall

938

[illegible initials]

Jan [illegible] 1883

Noted

[illegible initials]

10 Feby’y ‘83

[illegible]

[illegible initials]

15 Feb ‘83

Noted

J.M.

6 Mar ‘83

Extract from London Gazette of 23 Feb. 1883

Inspector of Ancient Monuments

in Great Britain

“Treasury Chambers

Jan. 30, 1883”

[Along side] Ent’d J.L. Bk 59 Page 211

[Treasury Chambers]

30 January 1883

1794/83

[Stamp] Office of Works A 2255 31 Jan 1883

Sir,

Inspector of Ancient Monuments in Great Britain

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your obedient Servant,

J.A. Cole

[Service] Establ.

A17552/ 1882

[Drafted by] RB

[insert] ABM [end insert]

[Copied by] [illegible]

[Examined by] RB

[Dispatched by] WHL

[Entered] JLBk [?] 59 Page 117

24 Jan 1883

[To] The Treasury

My Lords,

I am &c

G.S.L.

[Along side] Ent’d J.L.Bk 58 Page 54

18552

[Treasury Chambers]

22 November 1882

[Stamp] Office of Works A17552 23 Nov 1882

Sir,

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Rich’d Grosvenor

The First Commissioners of Works

C.C.P.

[on reverse]

Noted

[illegible initials]

First Commr

From what date is Gen’l Pitt Rivers’ appointment to run? This will affect the action of salary

ABM.

Jan.20.83

From Jan of this year

[illegible] Jan 22

Report to Treasury

24.1.83

Mr Woodfall

Jan.22.83

A.B.M.

[Along side] Ent’d J.L.Bk 57 Page 722

17877/82

[Treasury Chambers]

11th November 1882

[Stamp] Office of Works A17108 13 Nov 1882

Sir,

My Lords will select a suitable person to hold this appointment and the name of the person selected will be communicated to you in due course.

The duties of the Officer in question will be confined to the ancient Monuments in Great Britain to the exclusion of Ireland.

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your obedient Servant

Leonard Courtney [1]

The First Commissioner of Works

[on reverse] Noted for Estimates [illegible initials]

Notes

[1] Leonard Courtney, 1st Baron Courtney of Penwith (1832-1918) MP, from 1882 Financil Secretary to the Treasury

[Service] Ancient Monuments act, 1882

A14137/ 1882

Salary of Inspector

[Drafted by] [illegible]

[Copied by] E.M. Dixon

[Examined by] [illegible]

[Dispatched by] [illegible]

[Entered] JJBk [?] 57 Page 641

[insert] ABM [end insert]

1st Nov’r Oct 1882

The Treasury

My Lords,

I am &c

G.S.L.

[On Office of Works crested paper]

A14137/82

ABM [in red pencil]

that in this view I would propose that the salary should be 250£ pa with travelling expenses as in the case of the Irish inspector

GR [posslbly GSL] Oct 31

[Along side] Ent’d J.L.Bk 57 Page 456

16087

[Treasury Chambers]

28th September 1882

[Stamp] Office of Works A14137 29 Sep 1882

Sir,

I have the honour to be,

Sir,

Your obedient Servant,

J.W.Lyle [?]

The First Commissioner of Works

[on reverse] Letter to Treasury

[illegible initials]

1 Nov ‘82

[Printed pamphlet]

[handwritten on top] A14137 / 82

[Stamp] Supplied for the Public Service

Ancient Monuments Protection Act, 1882

[45 & 46 Vict. Ch. 73]

Arrangements of Sections A.D. 1882

Section

1. Short title of Act.

2. Power to appoint Commissioners of Works guardians of ancient monuments

3. Power of Commissioners to purchase ancient monuments.

4. Power to give, devise, or bequeath ancient monuments to Commissioners.

5. Inspectors of ancient monuments.

6. Penalty for injury to ancient monuments.

7. Recovery of penalties

8. Description of Commissioners of Works, and law as to disposition in their favour

9. Descriptions of owners for purposes of Act.

10. Additions to Schedule by Order in Council

11. Definitions.

Schedule, containing List of Ancient Monuments to which Act applies.

[Public.—73.]

[45 & 46 Vict.] Ancient Monuments Protection Act, 1882. [Ch. 73]

Chapter 73.

An Act for the better protection of Ancient Monuments. A.D. 1882

[18th August 1882.]

1. Short title of Act. This Act may be cited for all purposes as the Ancient Monuments Protection Act, 1882.

(2.) To be imprisoned with or without hard labour for any term not exceeding one month.

7. Recovery of penalties Offences and penalties under this Act shall be prosecuted and recovered in manner provided by the Summary Jurisdiction Acts.

The expression “Summary Jurisdiction Acts”—

(1.) As regards England, has the same meaning as in the Summary Jurisdiction Act, 1879; and

(2.) As regards Scotland, means the Summary Jurisdiction (Scotland) Acts, 1864 and 1881; and

In England any person aggrieved by any decision of the court acting under the Summary Jurisdiction Acts may appeal to a court of general or quarter sessions.

9. Descriptions of owners for purposes of Act. The following persons shall be deemed to be “owners” of ancient monuments for the purposes of this Act; that is to say,

An Order in Council under this section shall not come into force until it has lain for forty days before both Houses of Parliament during the Session of Parliament.

11. Definitions. The following expressions shall, except in so far as is inconsistent with the tenour of this Act, have the meaning herein-after assigned to them; (that is to say,)

“Lands Clauses Consolidation Acts.” 8 & 9 Vcit, c. 18, 8 & 9 Vict. c.19. The expression Lands Clauses Consolidation Acts, 1845, and other Acts amending the same; and as respects Scotland, the Land Clauses Consolidation (Scotland) Act, 1845, and any Act amending the same; and as respects Ireland, the Lands Clauses Consolidation Acts, 1845, and the Acts amending the same, so far as respects Ireland:

The Schedule

List of Ancient Monuments to which Act applies

England and Wales

NB see here where these sites are listed and linked to location etc

	County	Parish
The tumulus and dolmen, Plas Newydd, Llandedwen, Anglesea.	Anglesea [sic].	Llandedwen
The tumulus known as Wayland Smith's Forge, Ashbury, Berkshire.	Berkshire	Ashbury
Uffington Castle	Berkshire	Uffington
The stone circle known as Long Meg and her Daughters, near Penrith,	Cumberland	Addingham
The stone circle on Castle Rigg, near Keswick,	Cumberland	Crosthwaite
The stone circles on Burn Moor	Cumberland.	St. Bees
The stone circle known as The Nine Ladies, Stanton Moor	Derbyshire	Bakewell
The tumulus known as Arborlow	Derbyshire	Bakewell
Hob Hurst's House and Hut, Baslow Moor	Derbyshire	Bakewell
Minning Low	Derbyshire	Brassington
Arthur’s Quoit, Gower	Glamorganshire	Llanridian
The tumulus at Uley	Gloucestershire	Uley
Kits Coty House	Kent	Aylesford
Danes Camp	Northamptonshire	Hardingstone
Castle Dykes	Northamptonshire	Farthingston
The Rollrich [sic] Stones	Oxfordshire	Little Rollright
The Pentre Evan Cromlech	Pembrokeshire	Nevern
The ancient stones at Stanton Drew	Somersetshire	Stanton Drew
The chambered tumulus at Stoney Littleton, Wellow	Somersetshire	Wellow
Cadbury Castle	Somersetshire	South Cadbury
Mayborough, near Penrith	Westmoreland	Barton
Arthur’s Round Table, Penrith	Westmoreland	Barton
The group of stones known as Stonehenge	Wiltshire	Amesbury
Old Sarum	Wiltshire	------
The vallum at Abury, the Sarcen stones within the same, those along the Kennet Road, and the group between Abury and Beckhampton	Wiltshire	Abury
The long barrow at West Kennet, near Marlborough	Wiltshire	West Kennet
Silbury Hill	Wiltshire	Abury
The Dolmen (Devil’s Den), near Marlborough	Wiltshire	Fyfield
Barbury Castle	Wiltshire	Ogboume, St. Andrews, and Swindon

List of Ancient Monuments to which Act applies

Scotland

	County	Parish
The Bass of Inverury	Aberdeenshire	Inverurie
The vitrified fort on the Hill of Noath	Aberdeenshire	Rhynie
The pillar and stone at Newton-in-the-Garioch	Aberdeenshire	Culsalmond
The circular walled structures called "Edin’s Hall," on Cockburn Law	Berwickshire	Dunse
The British walled settlement enclosing huts at Harefaulds in Lauderdale	Berwickshire	Lauder
The Dun of Dornadilla	Sutherlandshire	Durness
The sculptured stone called Suenos Stone, near Forres	Elgin, Sutherlandshire	Rafford
The cross slab, with inscription, in the churchyard of St. Vigeans	Forfarshire	St. Vigeans
The British forts, on the hills, called "The Black and White Catherthuns."	Forfarshire	Menmuir
A group of remains and pillars, on a haugh at Clava on the banks of the Nairn	Inverness	Croy and Dalcross
The Pictish Towers at Glenelg	Inverness	Glenelg
The Cairns, with chambers and galleries partially dilapidated	Kirkcudbrightshire	Minnigaff
The Catstane, an inscribed pillar	Linlithgow	Kirkliston
The Ring of Brogar and other stone pillars at Stennis in Orkney, and the neighbouring pillars	Orkney	Firth and Stennis
The Chambered mound of Maeshowe	Orkney	Firth and Stennis
The stones of Callernish	Ross	Uig
The Burgh of Clickanim	Shetland	Sound
The Pictish tower at Mousa in Shetland	Shetland	Dunrossness
The inscribed slab standing on the roadside leading from Wigton to Whithorn and about a mile from Whithorn	Wigtonshire	Whithorn
Two stones, with incised crosses, on a mound in a field at Laggangairn	Wigtonshire	New Luce
The pillars at Kirkmadrine	Wigtonshire	Stoneykirk

List of Ancient Monuments to which Act applies

Ireland

	County	Parish	Barony
The earthern enclosure and mounds called the Navan Fort	Armagh	Eglish	Armagh
Stone monuments and groups of sepulchral cists in Glen Maulin	Donegal	Glencolumbkille	Banagh
The earthern and stone inclosure known as Grimm of Aileach	Donegal	Burt	West Innishowen
The earthen inclosure and Cromlech called the Giant's Ring near Ballylessan	Down	Drumbo	Upper Castlereagh
The earthern fort at Downpatrick (Dunkeltair)	Down	Downpatrick	Leoale
Stone structure called Staigue Fort	Kerry	Kilcrogham	Dunkerron
The earthern mound at Greenmount	Kerry	Kilsaren	Ardee
The stone monument at Ballyna	Mayo	Kilmoremoy	Tyrawly
Cairns and stone circles at Moytura	Mayo	Cong	Kilmaine
The tumuli, New Grange, Knowth and Dowth	Meath	Monknewton and Dowth	Upper Slane
The earthworks on the hill of Tara	Meath	Tara	Skreen
The earthworks at Teltown (Taltin)	Meath	Teltown	Upper Kells
The earthworks at Wardstown (Tlaghta)	Meath	Athboy	Lune
The two central tumuli on the hills called Slieve Na Calliagh	Meath	Loughcrew	Fore
The Cairn at Heapstown	Sligo	Kilmacallan	Tirerrill
Sepulchral remains at Carrowmore. The cairn called Miscaun Mave or Knocknarea	Sligo	Kilmacowen	Curbury
The cave containing Ogham inscribed stones at Drumloghan	Waterford	Stradbally	Decies without Drum
The stone monument called the Catstone and the cemetery on the hill of Usnagh	Westmeath	Killare	Rathconrath

Box 3/1/2

Copy

The National Trust

1 Great College Street

Westminster, London, S.W.

Jan. 8th, 1897.

The Secretary of Her Majesty’s Public Works,

12 Whitehall Place, S.W.,

Sir,

I have, Sir, the honour to remain,

Yours faithfully,

Lionel Curtis

Secy.

H.J.H. Jan 9/97

General Pitt-Rivers,

For observations.

R.L. 10 Jan. 1897.

Pitt Rivers Museum Pitt Rivers papers Box 2

2015-01-21T11:48:01+00:00

Transcriptions of correspondence held in Box 2, Pitt-Rivers papers, Pitt Rivers Museum

See here for introduction

Pitt-Rivers Box 2 transcriptions

Not all of the letters have been transcribed. A full listing is available here. The decision about which letters were ‘worth’ transcribing was taken by the transcriber (Alison Petch) alone based upon her research into Pitt-Rivers’ life and career and also her catalogue of the Pitt-Rivers papers and therefore reflects (to some degree) her personal bias. All notes about aspects of the letters were also prepared by the transcriber. Note that unlike the catalogue order (or the order they were kept in by Pitt-Rivers), these transcriptions are listed together in on-going communication order so that a conversation about a site or set of sites can be followed. The relevant sites are shown below as titles in bold

Transcriptions and notes were prepared between November and December 2014.

Box 2 / P2

Copy

Ancient Monuments Department Office of Works

6 Nov. 1883

Secretary,

During the last fortnight I have been engaged in making excavations in the Collection of Pits commonly known as the pits near Stourton on the borders of Wilts, Dorset, and Somerset.

These pits ever since the time of Camden who mentions them in his Brittannia [sic] (?) have formed a subject of warm dispute amongst Antiquaries up to the present time, S [insert] s [end insert] ome [ie some] affirming that they were only merely quarries for obtaining stone for millstones (querns), others believing them to be the remains of habitations. Learned papers have been written in favour of the latter hypothesis. [insert] and it has been suggested that a portion of the mound be placed under the protection of Government [end insert]

As the collection of pits has been estimated at 20,000 implying a population of something like 100,000 people, the collec existence of a prehistoric town of such a size would completely revolutionize our [insert] naturally alter irreconciled ideas as to the social condition of the Britons previous to the time of the Romans. The pits are being rapidly destroyed for obtaining stones for roadmaking, and before all trace of them is obliterated, it appeared to me desirable that an attempt should be made to ascertain by means of excavations which of these hypotheses is the correct one.

A committee of the Somersetshire Archaeological Society with which I was connected made some excavations a few years ago which resulted in their reporting that the evidence was in favour of quarries, but several of the Committee appended riders to the Report expressing their dissent from this view, and it was not favourably generally accepted in the locality.

Under these circumstances, I decided to make a complete section through the hill laying bare the undisturbed rock and cutting through the pits to ascertain whether any sufficiently reliable evidence could be obtained to set at rest the [insert] a [end insert] question which has so long been regarded as the crux of antiquaries.

The result has been to confirm fully the report of the Committee of the Somerset Archaeological Society and shew that the pits were undoubtedly made to obtain stone for querns, six of which unfinished and cast aside as useless were found in one of the pits. Not a fragment of pottery or any signs of human habitation have ben found in any of the excavations made by me.

I am therefore of opinion that there is no evidence which would justify me in recommending that any portion of these pits should be placed under the protection of the Ancient Monuments Act.

My object is now in bringing the subject to your notice is to request a decision from the First Commissioner of Works as to whether I may consider my time officially employed whilst making these investigations.

As regards the expense of the excavations I consider my salary with any addition from my private purse that I may think it desirable to make is amply sufficient to cover the cost of such excavations.

But as my time is in a great measure under the control of the Government I would ask to be informed whether an inquiry of this nature bearing on the nature [insert] selection [end insert] of the monuments to be recommended for the protection of Government, is to be considered part of my duty duties.

I would observe that my reason for postponing reference to you until after the investigation had been completed, was in order that I might be able to state whether or not the inquiry had been conclusive. Excavations of this kind are often inconclusive, and I did not think it advisable to refer a question relating to my duties as the Inspector of Ancient Monuments until practical results had been obtained.

I have the honour to be

Sir

Your obedient servant

A. Pitt Rivers

Lieut General

Inspector of Ancient Monuments

----------

Copy

Office of Works

A8977

7 Nov. 1883

Ancient Monuments Protection

General Pitt Rivers

Duties of the Inspector of Ancient Monuments

Memoranda

First Comments

I am certainly of opinion that the Excavations of such pits and other similar work is distinctly such as would come under the head of the official Duties of the Inspector of Ancient Monuments.

There is a point raised by General Pitt Rivers which may be of some importance in the future viz: the defraying of the expense of such excavations by the Inspector himself.

General Pitt Rivers’s successor may be a poor man and unable to so such work at his own expense. I think therefore that in future such examinations as are made should be paid for out of public money. But in that case the Inspector would have to seek the authority of the Board before commencing operations as to the cost of which he would have to furnish an estimate.

A.B.M. [1]

Commr.

But if the work should be such as the Board could not authorize, it will still be open to General Pitt Rivers to conduct the investigations at his own cost in which case although the investigation would be private as far as cost is concerned the time as employed would be distinctly reckoned as devoted to official work.

G.S.L. [2] Nov. 30. 83

General Pitt Rivers

to see

A.BM.

Nov 30. 83

Seen and returned to the Secretary

Dec 11 1883

A. Pitt Rivers

Notes

[1] Algernon Bertram Freeman-Mitford (1837-1916) see here. Note, the two men were distantly related through Pitt-Rivers' wife. Secretary at the Office of Works from 1874 to 1886.

[2] George Shaw Lefevre (1831-1928) see here.

---------------------------------------------------------

Box 2 / R1

Newcastle upon Tyne 2 Dec 1887

My dear General,

Excuse my delay in replying to your letter respecting the bringing of the Roman Wall or some portions of it under the protection of the Ancient Monuments Act. There will be considerable difficulty in doing so, and before writing to you at length upon the subject I am consulting those who are interested in it. I have already spoken to the Duke of Northumberland and Lord Percy upon the matter and I am now in communication with Mr Clayton. [1] I think it is of the utmost importance that you should visit us as you propose in the Spring and see for yourself the existing state of things. You would meet with a very warm reception from the legates and pro-prietors of the day.

I am my dear General

Yours faithfully

J. Collingwood Bruce [2]

General Pitt-Rivers F.R.S., F.S.A.

Rushmore

Salisbury

---------------

Roman Wall Antonine

Hadrian’s

Durham 13 Sept 1889

My dear Pitt Rivers

I see you are at Newcastle for the Brit. Assoc. Meeting. I shall not be over, having had a long, though not a severe attack of gout, which still hangs about me & makes me completely useless. Now that you [sic – missing word are?] in the Northern parts it will be most desirable that you should make an examination of the Roman Wall from the engineering point of view. This has never been undertaken and no one is so competent as yourself to handle it. The controversy as to the builder of the wall & the relative date of the Earth work & stone work has been revived in the Sep. number of the Archaeological Review I confess I have always entertained the belief that the two were quite distinct systems, built at different times, though for the same purpose. At one of our local archaeological meetings this year, I mentioned my dissent from the at present received view & this being reported I shortly drew attention to the matter & I show in the Athenaeum that Mr Clayton had invited you to Chesters with a view to your examining with the question. I hope you will be able to do this, for the question is one of very great importance and which ought to have the most competent [illegible] available

Yours sincerely

W Greenwell

--------------

Roman Wall Antonine

Hadrian’s

15 Sep 1889

My dear Pitt Rivers

I hear you have two surveyors with you and are therefore in the best position to examine the wall & earthwork satisfactorily. I had hoped to have seen you today when I could have talked this matter over with you. You should see the district near Hum... [name illegible] (Italian Chesters) and then that between Chesters and Greenhead. The great question is whether the wall and Earthworks are parts of one system made by the same hands, or two separate systems of defence.

It will be a thousand pities if, now that you are in the district, you should not get this work done, which would go a long way to settle the question. I hear you were at Chesters, but were not able to see anything except the camp there

Believe me

Sincerely yours

W Greenwell

-------------------

Roman Wall Antonine

Hadrian’s

17 Sep 1889

My dear Pitt Rivers

I am extremely sorry to have missed seeing you today. I got a telegram yesterday, without any name, to say “I will come to Durham tomorrow morning” I had an engagement to meet a man at Jarrow in the afternoon & left by the 2.55 train, having then come to the conclusion that my unknown telegrapher was not coming. Had I been certain that it was you & that you would be over if not in the morning then sometime during the day I would have broken my engagement, but under the circumstances I kept it & so lost the opportunity of seeing you. I should like to know what you propose as regards the Roman Wall, for if you are going to be at work on it I would come and have a look at you & have some talk about it.

How long do you propose to stay in the north?

Yours sincerely

W Greenwell

----------------

[The Grand Hotel Trafalgar Square London]

Roman Wall Northumberland

Hadrian’s

Sep 25th 1889

Dear Gen: Pitt-Rivers

Yours was forwarded to me in Town & before leaving today for Bath I write to thank you for the same & to express regret that we did not meet at Chollerford the examination of the Roman Wall & Vallum requires us you say some care and time before arriving at any sound conclusion as to the relative dates We drove from Chollerford to Housesteads & saw sufficient at the different points we examined to puzzle us at the place ie Black Carts Farm the Vallum seemed to be commanded by superior heights on the South but then a possible attack from the south possibly at a date when the danger of an enemy from the north for which the murus was built was lessened so that both murus and aggers [?] might have been built within a few years of each other but I should like to hear some matured opinion on the subject. Did you see that magnificent work on the left bank of the Tyne had we walked sufficiently far to the South we may have found a camp or some fortification on that height as an outwork in other places The vallum appears to be quite subsiduary to the murus. It appears to me as an ignoramus in military matters that the vallum aggers [?] were certainly raised against an attack the foundations of the bridge for what purpose could the covered way have been made a subsequent work clearly

Let me know when you purpose digging again at Wansdyke & I shall try and keep myself for a visit

Very [illegible] yours

HH Winwood [3]

Winwood Roman Wall

Notes

[1] John Clayton (1792-1890) Antiquarian and town clerk for Newcastle, see here

[2] John Collingwood Bruce (1805-1892) see here

[3] Reverend Henry Hoyte Winwood (1831-1920) Geologist see here.

----------------------------------------------------------------

Box 2 / R2

The Precinct

Rochester

8.3.90

To Lt Gen’l Pitt Rivers F.R.S. &c

Sir

On my return I found your letter & cheque enclosed, for which I am obliged, & rejoice to hear that you are none the worse for your accident. I have received percussion to excavate at Richboro’.

I am

Sir

Yours obed’y

George Payne

---------

The Precinct

Rochester

15.3.90

To Lt Gen’l Pitt Rivers F.R.S. &c

Sir

I was at Richborough yesterday making arrangements with the owner & tenant about the proposed excavations & am pleased to say had no difficulty in settling the matter. To my surprise the owner informed me that he would sell the castrum with the five acres contained within it & that if necessary he would set apart a certain strip of land all round it for a cart track. As you told me, when I had the pleasure of writing you, that you had some idea of buying the property when last put up to auction, I pressed him to ascertain if he were in earnest, and found that it was so. Now as he is willing to divide the castrum from the farm I hasten to let you know before it gets to other persons ears. The owner is rather a second-rate farmer type of man and cares naught for the ruin & does not seem grasping for a fancy price. I should think something might be done in the matter & forward his address

Mr W. Wilson

Little Slatenborough

Eastry

Kent.

I shall be only too glad to do anything for you in interviewing or writing if desired.

I am

Sir

Yours obed’y

George Payne

------------------

The Precinct

Rochester

20 Mch 1890

To Lt Gen’l Pitt Rivers F.R.S. &c

Sir

I am very sorry to hear that you are indisposed but trust that you may speedily recover. My dear Father’s wonderful life was brought to a close yesterday morning. I have written to Mr Willson [sic] agreeably to your kind request.

Yours obed’y

George Payne

---------------

G. Payne on Richborough

The Precinct

Rochester

27 Mch 90

To Lt Gen’l Pitt Rivers F.R.S. &c

Sir

I forward the enclosed for your consideration. It would be necessary for anyone buying the place to take the slope of the bank down to the Railway fence, therefore this with the track all round the walls makes an extra two acres. I should mention that Mr Wilson has no idea who is in treaty for the property. Trusting you have recovered from your recent indisposition.

Believe me

Yours obed’y

George Payne

----------------

Little Slatenborough

Eastry

Nr Dover

March 26, 1890.

Dear Sir,

I have delayed answering your letter in consequence of my Solicitor looking of the Deeds of the Farm. He now informs me that I can sell the ground as freehold with the Castle Walls standing thereon and with out any restriction as to digging for minerals &c &c ---

Your proposal to take the Balk in down to the Railway fence on the East side and round the outside of the Walls where it is not cropped with Corn would take I estimate about 7 acres of land—

I now propose to offer to sell it for £1000 the purchaser to pay all legal expences [sic] attending the transfer of the said property: and for any compensation if required to the Tenant Mr G. Solley who holds on a yearly Tenantcy.

I remain

Yours faithfully

W. Wilson

--------------

Ansd

[Kent Archaeological Society

The Precinct

Rochester

Kent]

3 Apr 1891

To Lt Gen’l Pitt Rivers F.R.S. &c

I should be very glad to know your final decision about Richboro’, as if you do not purchase it I should try and arrange a plan for excavations to be commenced in the autumn. I find that the brushwood around the Megalithic Remains at Coldrum has been cut down this winter so that the monument may be seen to advantage. Do you think you could spare time to see it with me shortly? Your best way would be to come by the L. C. & D.R [1] to Meopham station I would meet you there & have a landau in readiness. Your train would leave Victoria 9.13 a.m and that would enable you to return early in the afternoon.

I am

Yours obed’y

George Payne

---------------

The Precinct

Rochester

3 May 1890

To Lt Gen’l Pitt Rivers F.R.S. &c

Sir

I will attend to the form next week. The delay concerning Richboro’ is not due to me. I am promised the information required in a few days. A Surveyor in that district to whom I have spoken, in confidence, says the value of the land would be about £700 & he thinks that, taking into consideration the parting with a ruin of especial interest & the chance of antiquities being found that the £1000 asked for not unreasonable

Mr Leveson Gower [2] & Mr Roach Smith [3] are of the same opinion.

I am

Yrs obediently

George Payne

----------------

Anc Mons

The Precinct

Rochester

2 July 1890

To Lt Gen’l Pitt Rivers F.R.S. &c

Sir

I went to Trottiscliffe yesterday and paved the way for the protection of the Megalithic Remains at Coldrum. The parson rejoiced at what I proposed to do in the matter, and as he is an old friend of the owner, he has promised to intercede. I have written twice for particulars as to the price paid by Mr Willson for Richborough Farm, but the information does not come to hand. I hope you will purchase the “castrum” nevertheless. I have received notice of the Arch’l Congress at the Antiquaries & observe that the County Survey is again on the Agenda papers. My opinion is, the only way to bring that matter to a head is for the Council of the Antiquaries to select a certain man in each County and officially invite him to undertake the work. If some decline, try others & so on until all have promised. Unless something of this kind is done discussion after discussion is useless. If you attend will you propose this, providing it accords with your views! Should you not be present shall I make the proposition? I am shortly going with Col Trench to look into the discoveries at Shoeburyness. It seems to have been a neglected corner. He has shewn me your letters in reference thereto—

I remain

Sir

Yours obed’y

George Payne

Notes

[1] London, Chatham and Dover Railway

[2] Granville Leveson Gower, possibly (1815-1891) here or Granville William Gresham Leveson-Gower, (1838–1895) see here

[3] Charles Roach Smith (1807-1890) see here

------------------------------------------------------------

Box 2 / R4

Ansd Oct. 24/ 93

Xthwaite

Keswick

Oct 15 [1]

Dear Sir

Will you kindly tell me what is the actual position of the Department of which you are Head for the Protection of Ancient Monuments.

Am I right in thinking that you are not a corporation, and have really no power to hold land – nor acquire it –

(2) That you are a sub department of the Works & Forests

I ask because many of us are of opinion that the time has come for forming a Trust to be incorporated under the Companies Act that shall be all to acquire & hold lands for the nations use

We are really interested either because of their natural beauty or of their historic worth & we are anxious in no way to touch upon ground laready covered Indeed it has been suggested that it would be possible perhaps to throw in our lot with yourself & strengthen your hands.

This I suppose could not be done except by your assent & assent of Parliament. And I write tentatively to you to ask if you think it could be so arranged

Yrs obediently

HD Rawnsley [2]

--------------

Ansd Oct. 24/ 93

Xthwaite Vicarage

Keswick

[Tyn-y-Ffynon

Barmouth

North Wales]

Oct 22 [3]

Dear Sir

I write again fearing my letter may have been misaddressed, to ask if it would in your judgement be possible for the Ant Monuments Protection Department to continue with a National Scenery & Historic Site Trust which we are about to form. This Trust will be incorporated under the Companies Act & will be c...ed [illegible] to hold any land bequeathed for the National use & enjoyment and to obtain by purchase any Historic House or site that ought to be preserved.

Lord Rosebery [4] is anxious to know if your Department would [insert] or could [end insert] cooperate with such a Trust. I cannot say – My one idea is that you are not a corporation & cannot hold land.

Yrs truly

HD Rawnsley

we are anxious not to multiply organisations

------------

[There are 3 copies of the following letter, one in Pitt-Rivers’ handwriting and 2 typed copy letters]

Rushmore

Salisbury

Oct, 24th, 1893

Dear Sir,

In reply to your letters of the 15th and 22nd Oct., which press of business has prevented my answering sooner, I enclose a copy of the Ancient Monuments Act, which will show you what the powers of the Act are. The question of enlarging the scope of the Act has been frequently suggested, but it is quite out of my power to say what the intention of the Government, if any, might be on the subject. I may, however, say that our experience has been that, in so far as prehistoric Monuments are concerned, it has been found, that the owners of them, when they take an interest in them, as most do, are by far the best protectors of them, being generally on the spot, and having as a rule the means of doing so.

A good deal was done during the first 7 years of the Act, which resulted in drawing public attention to the interest that is taken in the matter. This had a salutary effect, and I think that very little damage is being done to Ancient Monuments now. My department is under the Office of Works.

As to the question of including Historical and picturesque sites under the Act, or any other Act, that is a large question, which I am not competent to deal with. It is possible there might be special cases to which such powers might be advantageous, but as a rule, my own opinion is that private owners are the best protectors of such places. They are nearly always accessible to the public, and that is better to give them every encouragement, than to attempt to take them out of their hands, which would entail an enormous expense on Government; and there is no reason to suppose any Government would be willing to incur such an outlay, and it would probably be very badly administered.

Yours obediently

Notes

[1] Presumably 15 October 1893

[2] Hardwicke Drummond Rawnsley (1851-1920) see here

[3] Presumably also 1893

[4] Archibald Philip Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery see here

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Box 2 / S3

The Dell, Llanelly

Oct’r 28/ 86

My dear Herbert

If you can spare the time kindly give me your opinion on the following Archaeological matters. At Balgreggan I found among the Land [?] Hills (where the flint arrow heads have been discovered) a small water worn heart shaped stone about 5” x 3” with a hollow in the centre about an inch deep, as if worn by human agency, say possibly in sharpening tools of some sort. The nature of the stone is gritty and suitable I should say for grinding purposes. I found it embedded in a bed of peat among the Land hills. The stone is now in the Balgreggan Smoking room, where you can get it, if it sounds worthy [Drawing][Red line dividing the above text from the following] In Breconshire, while inspecting some drainage, I came across three large mounds, about 20 yards apart in a ploughed field, formed of quarried stones, grown over with grass, then bushes &c. They were pointed out as supposed burying places. On examining them, I found that one of them had apparently been examined and opened up, as in the top there were very large slabs of stone lying about – and five of six of them stuck in an upright position so as to form a tomb apparently – One of the mounds had been partially removed by the tenant for making roads – This was stopped some years ago.

On examining the part quarried I noticed two large slabs underneath the mass of loose stones – in an upright position & at right angles to each other, apparently forming a tomb such as had already been opened up & which I have referred to. I will be visiting this neighbourhood in about a fortnight & have given directions to have this tomb opened when there.

Can you throw any light on these mounds? What are they? If burying places, did the inhabitants simply add to the heap as they died or are they burying places for the privileged party? It seems as if they were for many, as my tomb which I intend opening is on the edge of the mound and the [illegible] already opened in the centre.

The mounds vary in size The largest about 30 by 20 yards and 4 yds high.

With love to Mary

Yours affect’aly

W.M. Stewart

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Box 2 / S5

Sueno’s Stone

Earlsmill, Forres

2 Sep., 1884

Sir,

I am favoured with your Letter of 31st ult.. I am sorry I had not the pleasure of seeing you when you were north.

I will submit your proposal about the t..ing [illegible] of the “Sueno Stone” to the Earl of Moray [1] and let you know the result. His Lordship, as you would see, has put a substantial fence around the Stone and keeps it nicely

I am, Sir,

Your obed’t Serv’t

William Brown [2]

Lieut Genl Pitt-Rivers

Rushmore

Salisbury

------------

Sueno’s Stone

Earlsmill, Forres

12 Sep., 1884

Sir,

With reference to your Letter of 31st ult. and my reply of 2nd Inst. I have now to mention that I submitted your Letter about placing the “Suenos Stone” under the protection of the Ancient Monuments Act to the Earl of Moray, and I am desired by his Lordship to say that he prefers not to take advantage of the Act. The Earl of Moray, as you saw, has erected a very substantial fence around the “Suenos Stone”, and it will be very carefully protected by his Lordship. Lord Moray would be glad to consider any suggestions you may be pleased to give as to the preservation of the Stone.

I am, Sir,

Your obed’t Serv’t

William Brown

Lt. Genl. A. Pitt-Rivers

Inspector of Ancient Monuments

Rushmore

Salisbury

----------------

Clava (continued) [3]

It evidently is a cemetery, and with the knowledge we have acquired from the examination of them in Ireland, there cannot be much hesitation in ascribing it to that dynasty which was represented by KING BRUDE, when St Columba, in the 6th century, visited him in his “Mumitis,” on the banks of the Ness.

SUENO’S STONE [insert in red] done [end insert] The Forres Pillar, commonly called Sueno’s Stone, is situated about half a mile to the east of Forres, in the parish of Rafford, on the north side of the highway, and occupies the position in which in all probability it originally was placed. The stone steps round the base (which conceal part of the sculpture) are modern, and were placed as supports to the Pillar, by a late Countess of Moray, Lady Ann Campbell. [4] It is a hard sand stone, 23 ft in height above ground, and said to be 12 ft more under ground, although this point may well be doubted. The breadth of the base is four feet, the thickness about 15 inches. .. [there appear to be dashes in ink here in the handwritten copy, and part of the original text has been omitted] Popular tradition as in the case of the Mortlach Stone, has connected this pillar with a supposed defeat of the Danes under their General Sueno; & it has been called a Runic & Scandinavian Monument, on the very unlikely assumption that the Northmen erected this monument to commemorate their own defeat. It is worthy of being noted, that in 1813, when digging into a mound close to the pillar, 8 human skeletons were found. In the Parish of Rafford several ancient coffins, formed of slabs of undressed free-stone, have been found at various times. In one of these were discovered several ornaments of jet. None of these graves were covered by cairns, although, of these, many are to be found in the parish. Near Blervie Castle there is a Druidical Circle, known as “The Temple Stones”. “Sculptured Stones of Scotland” [5]

Wigton [insert in red] not done [end insert] The fragment of [insert] at [end insert] Wigton is in the churchyard of the burgh, and seems to have formed the lower part a pillar or cross, having on one end a tenon, as if for putting into a stone pedestal. It is of freestone, and is now used as the headstone to a grave. No other fragments of it could be discovered.

“Sculptured Stones” p. 35 pl. 102

Vigeans St. near Arbroath [underlined in red] (Scheduled) [insert in red] done [end insert] This broken Cross stands in the Churchyard of St Vigeans, near Arbroath. A few years ago it formed, along with the fragment of another Cross (represented in Plate 71, No: 3, part of the pavement at the bottom of the a stair in the church. In the panel, on one edge of the Cross, is an incised inscription, which appears to resemble the inscribed characters on many Irish monuments. The panel on the opposite edge is filled with scroll ornament. A part of one of these Crosses forms the footstep in which the [text ends here]

Notes

[1] George Philip Stuart, 14th Earl of Moray

[2] William Brown was a factor and JP.

[3] This obviously originally formed part of a larger document, though it is not clear what that document was—it is written in Pitt-Rivers’ handwriting—it is possibly part of a report to the Office of Works or else his library notes before an Inspector’s tour?

[4] Lady Anne Campbell, daughter of Archibald Campbell, 9th Earl of Argyll, her second marriage was to Charles Stuart, 6th Earl of Moray. She died in 1734.

[5] This appears to be a reference to Sculptured Stones of Scotland by John Stuart, published in 1856. This section of text appears on page 9, see https://ia600402.us.archive.org/24/items/sculpturedstones01stua/sculpturedstones01stua.pdf. Pitt-Rivers’ transcription is accurate (but not complete as he omitted a section about representations of the stone).

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Box 2 / S8

Ansd June 8/ 98

[Tintinhull,

Bowler’s Road Hill,

Salisbury.]

7 June 1898

Dear Sir,

Permit me to draw your attention to the great danger to Stonehenge calling for immediate consideration. This month encampments will be near, navvies will soon be at work upon the three lines of Railway: two of the G.W. Ry [1] and one of the S.W. Ry [2] – there will be two, if not three, Stations in close vicinity. For thirty years past I have visited “The Stones”—including the three years at the Sunrise of Midsummer Day—that of 1887 was, fortunately, in a bright & absolutely cloudless atmosphere—even equal to the experience I had of a sunrise over Etna in 1878—Of Stonehenge – on the first view of its Sunrise, I took sketches and drawings—The Late Rev. Ed. Duke, of Lake House [3] told me I had been exceptionally fortunate—To show the interest I have long taken, I may allude to my many visits; I have consulted the Literature of the subject by reading the book, in the Brit. Museum, & elsewhere hence, I feel apprehensive of the risk incurred by the influx of civilians “—in their thousands”, on bicycles & carriages, and the 80,000 troops in the District – since visitors have wilfully damaged & carried away chippings.

Provision for the Refreshments of Visitors, and space for horses & carriages should be provided.

Why should not the English Government do for Stonehenge, what the Italian Government does for Italy: viz: purchase the site, surround it with a Wall or fence; appoint an Army Pensioner to [insert] keep [end insert] grass?

Sir John Lubbock promised me every help in his power & said you could give us the most effective assistance.

Can I give you any help?

My Town address is:--

The Royal Societies Club, St James St., W.

I am, Sir,

Yours truly

J. Lardner Green [4]

F.R.Met.Soc

General Pitt Rivers

----------------

Copy

Rushmore

Salisbury

June 8th, 1898.

Dear Sir,

In reply to your letter of the 7th inst., Can you give or obtain for me any authoritative information upon the following two points.

1st. What is the nearest distance to which any of the three lines you speak of will run to Stonehenge. This affects the question whether the trains could shake the ground on which the stones stand.

2nd. What is the distance to the nearest station. This affects the question of the accession of visitors. I do not think there will be any accession of visitors that cannot be met by the posting of one or if necessary two extra policemen or an army pensioner if desirable. The visitors could not overturn the stones if they wished to do so; and as to the chippings I doubt whether even now that is carried on to any extent.

The owner, Sir Edmund Antrobus, is of no use. He will not listen to any representation that is made to him on the subject, and the existing Act of Parliament cannot deal with the matter in any way.

If you can give me any reliable information upon these points it would be of use. Hitherto I have not been able to obtain any authoritative information on the subject, and I am not certain whether the points have even been settled as yet.

Yours truly,

A. Pitt-Rivers

J. Lardner Green Esq.,

Salisbury.

Notes

[1] Great Western Railway

[2] London and South Western Railway

[3] Edward Duke (1779-1852) see here

[4] James Lardner Green, Member of the Royal College of Surgeons, Fellow of the Royal Medical or Microscopical Societies (or possibly the Meteorological Society as per his signature?)

Note: http://www.savestonehenge.org.uk/byrail.html states, ‘In 1902 a branch railway line opened from a junction with the main Salisbury to London line near Newton Tony to Amesbury and Bulford. ... The branch line to Bulford continued to be extensively used but following the end of the second world war the passenger service was withdrawn due to intense bus competition in 1952. However, the line continued for freight until 1963.’ This may have been one of the lines mentioned by Lardner Green. It is not clear how close it came to Stonehenge. See here for more information about this branch line which was constructed under a light railway order dated 24 September 1898 (ie just after the correspondence above). The same page also says, ‘No more schemes were proposed until the passing of the Light Railways Act in 1896. The Great Western Railway swiftly saw the advantages of this scheme and proposed a route which was very similar to their failed scheme of 1883. This light railway was to run up the Avon Valley, Bristol to Amesbury from Bemerton via Stratford, Woodford, Dunford and Wilsford. From Amesbury, the line was to run to Pewsey via Durrington, Netheravon, Upavon and Manningford. The line was authorised on 6th August 1898. These are likely to be the lines discussed by Lardner Green. The webpage concludes, ‘In the meantime, the War Office had been purchasing large areas of the Salisbury Plain, and had already commenced negotiations with the LSWR for a light railway (very similar to the 1882 scheme) which would run from Grateley station and over the plain to Newton Tony to Amesbury to a terminus just east of Shrewton, making the line 10 miles and 62 chains long. It was intended to serve both the new military camps and the agricultural community. This line was authorised as the Amesbury & Military Camp Light Railway. Of the two proposals, this scheme won out because the Great Western Railway's proposal involved crossing over four miles of land owned by the War Department, (and because the War Department was siding with the LSWR) forcing that company to abandon the idea.^’

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Box 2 / T1

Memoranda on Thornborough Camps near Tanfield

These are three circular entrenchments lying very nearly in a line with [insert] one [end insert] another from NW to SE. A line drawn through the centres of the two most distant does not pass quite through the centre of the middle entrenchment but as the country was probably wooded when they were constructed this slight deviation from the straight line is probably unintentional. The two to S are much injured by ploughing but evidently were all built on the same plan. In the centre is a circular plateau on the level of the ground outside; this is surrounded by a ditch, except at the NW and SE when the ditch is discontinued so as to serve as entrance to the central plateau from NW & SE. Then comes a [illegible looks like berin]; and then the earth from the ditch is formed into a vallum concentric from [insert] with [end insert] the berin and ditch, except at the NW and SE when the vallum is broken off, leaving passages in continuation of the passages across the ditch.

What is the object of these entrenchments? Clearly they were not built for defence, the fact of the ditch being inside of the vallum is conclusive on this point.

Had there been only one it might be considered as a place for judicial duels the central plateau being the “ring” in wh. the combatants would engage, the ditch, with a palisade round serving to separate the combatants from the spectators, the berin & inner slope of the vallum serving for the spectators. But there are three in number. Now ‘Arthur’s Round table” near Penrith is similarly constructed; this is a rough section not to scale [Drawing] It is described in Fergusson’s Rude Stone Monuments but not having the book at hand I am obliged to rely on memory. Here we see central plateaus (only slightly raised in the centre, which is not the case in Thornborough.) ditch berin, and vallum outside of ditch. So too the vallum and ditch are broken off to NW, thus leaving access to the central plateau, and may or may not have been also to SE, but it is injured by the construction of a road. To the north west, some 200 yards off, i.e. in a line through the break in the vallum, is Mayborough camp. This is a circle formed by a simple vallum without a ditch, the materials being stones from the neighbouring river Eden, with an entrance to SE. through a break in the vallum i.e. looking straight to north west entrance of the Round Table. A dolmen and menhir stood in the centre of the circle, two large stones on either side of the entrance, and apparently an avenue of stones led from the one to the other entrenchment.

At the great temple of Abury [sic] near Marlborough the vallum is outside, and the ditch inside, with a narrow berin between.

It seems to me tolerably certain that these circles at Thornborough and Maborough [sic] were meant for some religious ceremony, part of which consisted in a procession from one to the other. We may conceive the priests entering by the north west entrance of the most northern circle at Thornborough at daybreak on some day when the sun rises in the SE & sacrificing in the central ring, the ditch keeping the profane lacity at a respectful distance, Or the berin may have been eats [?] for the chiefs, while the under-scrubbery, or perhaps the women, stood around or sat on the slopes of the vallum. The sacrifice ended, the procession would move to the second and thence to the third of the circles. The dolmen in the centre of Mayborough camp points to a burial, and so to burial rites. The circle at Abury [sic], with it’s [sic] row of Sarsen stones inside the ditch, and it’s [sic] system of double stone circles in the centre of the great circle, the flat plain to the South with Silbury Hill and it’s [sic] ditch to the South cut in this form [Drawing] All point to some religious motive, and the flat plain between Silbury Hill and the circle, with downs rising on either side suggest solemn processions from one to the other.

It may be observed that according to the ordinance map 6 scale sheet 102 the most southern of the Thornborough circles is shown as being entered only from the NW It’s [sic] plan is accordingly somewhat in this form X [link to Drawing] A very common form of these circles on incised stones, found in so many districts is very similar to this, such as this [Drawing] can this throw any light on the meaning of the incised stones

Walter Morrison [1]

Jan 31 1878

-----------------

[Bradfield Rectory

Sheffield)

11 October 1887

Dear General Pitt Rivers

I enclose a paper on the Camps near Tanfield and I wish it contained more information. You will gather from it, I hope, some idea of these wonderful places, and I hope if you are in this part of Yorks next summer you will go there. I could arrange for your reception by Mr G. Clarke of Tanfield House [2] and I would meet you there myself. If these so called camps were now and then called temples I think it would be a more probable explanation of their construction. Miss Gordon Cumming in her book of the Hebrides compares the old earthworks and serpent mounds there with the exactly similar sun temples in the Himalaya mountains, and she compares the customs of the highlanders with the Indians who do everything “sunwise” down to passing the bottle and dealing cards! It would be interesting to know some day from statistics taken by you how many mounds like Bradfield are found in close juxtaposition to a church. There are 3 mounds so situated in this part of the country and I have no doubt many more could be found. Please do not trouble to return the paper on Thornborough.

Believe me

Yours truly

Reginald A. Gatty [3]

----------------

[Ancient Monuments]

Durham 5 Sep 1887

Answered

My dear Pitt-Rivers

I have just returned home to find your very handsome & valuable book, which I will read carefully. Many thanks for it. The subject is a very interesting and curious one and it is well it has fallen into the hands of one so able to illustrate in more ways than one. It is a remarkable fact this very small stature of those people, and one not easy to account for, but there cannot be a doubt that this extraordinary almost dwarfishness was normal in the district. We may look forward to your account of the examination of the barrows, I hope before long. The stature of the people buried in them I understand does not vary from the ordinary one of the round barrow people. Chester, [4] who came this evening talks [illegible] he has seen you & that you are on a tour of inspection. You did not appear to know of this three circular structures, similar to Arthurs Round Table, near Tanfield, there is one or more on a moor, Halton I think is its name, near Ripon. A letter to the Rev. W.C. Lukis [5] Wath Rectory, Ripon would give you all the requisite information Have you seen Arbor Low in Derbyshire, it is a structure of the same nature.

You went, I understand, to see a mound fortification near Sheffield. There is one of [illegible] very [illegible] of that type at Elsdon in Northumberland, which ought to be put in the schedule. There is another not so fine but a large and remarkable one at Bishopton in this county.

I am going to finish up some barrows in the East Riding this autumn, I start work about the 20th. If you are coming north could you not pay me a visit here, you have never, I think, seen Durham

Yours [illegible]

W Greenwell

[All with large envelop marked ‘Memoranda on Thornborough Camps near Tanfield with Mr Gatty's letter (of Bradfield Rectory) and Canon Greenwell's Owner:- G. Clarke Esq Tanfield House Ripon’

[1] Possibly the Walter Morrison described here

[2] George R. John Clarke, see here.

[3] Reginald A. [Alfred?] Gatty (1845-?) Landowner

[4] Presumably Greville John Chester (1830-1892) see here

[5] William Collings Lukis (1817-1892) Antiquary see here

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Box 2 / T6

1 [in blue]

Private

ansd

Boraston Rectory

Tenbury

Ap. 23. 1888

Dear Sir

Sir John Lubbock has referred me to you with respect to a matter on which I wrote to him. He says he is sure you will do anything you can in the matter.

One of the most conspicuous features in this part of the country is the (Blue) Clee Hill. The top of it, called Titterstone, overlooks Ludlow, and on that side is very sharp and precipitous. Round the top are the remains of ancient walls. Some people think they are Druidical remains. Others think that they are the relics of an old British encampment. [insert] X [end insert]

[Added note] X There was a battle just below fought by Ostorius in a valley which is now called Horse Ditch – but the proper name of it is said to be Ost’s Ditch]

In either case the site is a most interesting one, and ought to be jealously guarded by all lovers of antiquities.

Quite recently one of the Stone Companies in the Clee has begun to push its operations towards the top. They have now actually reached the old walls, and are, I believe, carting away the loose stones which lie easy to their hand.

If you could do anything under the new act to check this vandalism you would be conferring a great boon on many people in this neighbourhood who from an antiquarian as well as from a picturesque point of view look on Titterstone as a very sacred spot.

I am told that it would in no way prejudice the workmen’s interest that operations should be confined to the lower parts of the hill. There is plenty of stone unworked there. But it [insert] pays the company better to work the stone where it [end insert] lies loose on the top.

Faithfully yours

F. Wayland Joyce [1]

-----------------

2 [in blue]

ansd

Boraston Rectory

Tenbury

Ap. 28. 1888

Dear Sir

Thank you for your letter and information. I am writing to day to a person who I think may have influence with the Lord of the Manor in which Titterstone is situated.

I am afraid I am not draughtsman enough to give you any plan or section of the spot. But you might be able to examine it on the ordinance map at Stanford’s (?) or some other geographer when you are next in town.

Ludlow is the nearest railway station to Titterstone, but that means a 5 miles drive at least, or more, up a steep hill.

My house is a mile from Tenbury Station. If ever you are in this neighbourhood I would gladly drive you from there.

Yours truly

F. Wayland Joyce

------------

3 [in blue]

Ansd

7 Eaton Place

May 3rd

Dear Gen’l Pitt Rivers

A letter has been forwarded to me from you, about some supposed old remains on the Clee Hill. If you would like to see them we shall be very happy to see you at Kyre Park [2] any time after this month and take you there – I have also been asked to write to the owner Sir Charles Boughton [3] as you suggest

truly yrs

Frances C Baldwyn-Childe [4]

My sister Mrs Seymour [5] has returned to Knoyle for a few days previous to leaving England for several months

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4 [in blue]

[Cartrefle

Menai Bridge,

N. Wales]

8 May 88

My dear Mrs Baldwyn Childe

I am very sorry that we are not going to be in London just directly so that we might have taken the advantage we should have liked to have done of the knowledge of your whereabouts – There is however unfortunately a dairy conference coming off in Ludlow on the 17th, at which we have promised to assist, & to house people who the managers want to have put up, a matter that is less easy for them at a time when the owners of most of the large houses are away.

With regard to the work of the stone companies, I do not think there has been or will be much done to make even an antiquarian uncomfortable. There are as you know several remains of stone circles on the platform of the top which are supposed to have been places of burial, & the whole of these are surrounded with what has been no doubt at one time a loose stone wall, but long beyond the memory of man there has been nothing but a pile of stones, in some place entirely gone, but in most others to be still traced. The total length of the wall may measure a mile. You will see a perfectly good map of the whole in the square of the 6 inch ordinance map (sheet 72 S.E.) which shows also the position of the quarries who may be before long the offenders.

I am afraid it would be difficult for me to interfere in the working [insert] of the latter [end insert] as the managers have spent several thousand pounds in developing the work, & of course can only secure [?] themselves by following the stone wherever it is of good quality, but there is this satisfaction that for every foot of surface ground they take they must to attain the level of their works, take it from 80 to 100 feet in depth, so that practically it would be impossible to fix the distant age when their work would prevent [?] the course of the vallum being traced, & this is absolutely the only feature of interest about it.

I shall be delighted if I am able at the time General Pitt Rivers comes to Kyre, to accept your kind invitation to meet him. I think however it might be that the easiest approach to the spot on [insert] the hill [end insert] would be by the tramway from Bitterley the end of which is shown on the map I have mentioned. If this shd be so we should be delighted to make Downton of use to you & Baldwyn Childe & your guest. To approach the place from Kyre would involve a walk from the inn on Ludlow & Cleobury Road of nearly two miles – A very delightful run however, it is a little rough.

Lady Boughton wishes me to give you her best & say how much she will like my plan if it is decided upon.

Believe me

very sincerely

CH Rouse-Boughton

We go home on Friday

-----------------

5 [in blue]

7 Eaton Place

May 11th

Dear Gen’l Pitt Rivers

I think I had better send you Sir Charles Boughton’s letter to me in answer to mine – carrying out your suggestion of writing to the owner when any doubt or difficulty arose with regard to “ancient monuments” –

If it is not very difficult for you to visit the West of England in June or July I still think it would be a great satisfaction to those who think mischief is being done to have your verdict—and I think the neighbourhood is interesting and would repay the trouble of coming—

We shall be very happy to see you and I think it would be best to go as Sir Charles suggests from Downton (if you come) to the Clee Hill –

truly yrs

Frances Baldwyn-Childe

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6 [in blue][NB the whole front page of the letter is crossed out]

Boraston Rectory Tenbury

Sept. 20. 1888

Dear Mrs Baldwyn Childe,

I am sorry none of us will be able to avail ourselves of your kind invitation to the missions to Seamen Gathering next Wednesday.

Some of us were at Titterstone two days ago. They were taking away the South face of the top part. Miss Hope Edwardes [6] was with us.

A man who works there told me lately that they had come across some of the most perfect building he had ever seen in the course of their demolition. Do you not think that at all events something might be done to get them to leave a certain portion where the work is peculiarly perfect, there at all events a portion of the wall might be left as a relic

Yours very truly

F.W. Joyce

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7 [in blue]

[Kyre Park

Tenbury

Worcestershire]

Sep 21st

Dear General Pitt Rivers

I have received the enclosed this morning I think if you could manage to pay a visit here and see the Titterstone Clee Hill – it would be a great satisfaction to the people and not uninteresting to yourself.

truly yrs

Frances Baldwyn Childe

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8 [in blue]

Copy sent off Sep. 30th/ 88

Cheltenham Sept 30

Dear Mrs Childe

As the quarrying is going on rapidly at Titterstone I think I had better send you a letter at once about it at once without waiting for the drawing of the masonry which we could not see on account of the fog [insert] mist [end insert]. Certainly a dense fog with rain in which we could not see twenty yards was not a condition of atmosphere that one would have selected for examining a camp on the top of a hill and I doubt whether we should have attempted it if you had not boldly led the way, but I think we saw enough in feeling our way along the line of loose stones and small earthen bank which marked the rampart to make sure that it was a British camp of the usual type following the natural defensive brow of the top of the hill in such a way as to command its slopes in the best manner. We could see also that like all British camps the size of the wall was proportioned or rather in an inverse proportion to the strength natural strength of the ground being large [insert] larger [end insert] where the slope is more gentle on the outside & smaller where it is steeper. On the west side where it is precipitous there was no wall & on the east where the slope is least and there must originally have been the higher rampart it appears to have been removed probably for building [insert] modern [end insert] walls [insert] round fields [end insert] or for the same purposes for which the hill is now being quarried, but Mr Joyce’s information who knows the hills so well seems to leave little doubt that it formerly encircled the whole hill and was probably a well built wall of dry masonry [insert] all round [end insert] altho now to all external appearance it is only a bank of loose stones. Unfortunately the quarry men in digging into the hill have selected the very part [?] on the South Side where the wall is not preserved & where I was able to take a section of it. In so doing they have cut up, by the accounts of the workmen, 80 feet + to [insert] old [end insert] well, to which must be added at least 50 feet more which has already begun to crack & fall down & which is railed off from [insert] on account of [end insert] being dangerous, in doing this In cutting through the wall they have exposed a section of it on each side of the quarry and we are informed that beneath the loose stones on the surface at the base a well built portion of the foundation of dry masonry [insert] has been found at the base [end insert] which the work [insert] man [end insert] described to Mr Joyce as being the best built wall he ever saw and if it resembles other British walls of the same kind it may well be so, but we must take thus upon hearsay as the fog did not enable us to see the section across from the other side, and on the same side, we could not get at it, being flush with the face of the quarry. Sir Charles Broughton is [several words illegible] in a letter which I saw of his, in thinking that it will be some time before they do serious damage to the camp. They are actually at the present moment cutting away the past of the whole wall which is best worth preserving and if anything could be done to turn the direction of the quarry so as to leave the remaining portion of this more perfect part of the wall it would be well worth the attention of those concerned about it. If I am asked which [sic] Government would interfere in the matter, I may say at once that I don’t think they would because it would probably involve compensation and it would not be right to tax the county [insert] for that extent [end insert] for such a purpose. But I think that locally, as Sir Charles Broughton seems desirous of meeting the wishes of the archaeologists some arrangement might be made that would [insert] save [end insert] the next portion of the rampart. I may mention that at the “Danes Camp” near Northampton this is one of the monuments scheduled in the act a nearly similar case occurred where the ground had been let to us and was mined carefully. The company having worked up to the rampart were going to destroy it Since the archaeologists & others interested in the camp agitated & the result in this the company very liberally determined to take only a small cutting through the rampart to admit their railway & carts & then worked all the ground inside & out leaving the ramparts untouched except at the spot where they had cut through. Of course this [illegible] the camp a good deal as it destroyed the slopes of the ground inside & out which had determined the position of the rampart but it was better than destroying it altogether and if something of the same kind could be done at Titterstone it might be the means of preserving a good part of the wall, altho I wish very much the quarry had been in any other part of the hill. I think that if the lock stones [?] on the top were removed from a piece of the wall say 20 feet or so to the wall up to the top of the quarry where I took the section it would probably shew the built foundations and enable [insert] you [end insert] to ascertain the original thickness of the wall. If this was done it would be necessary to fence it round to preserve it. Perhaps a high wire fence with fiched [?] wires would be best as it would enable visitors to see the foundation through it and at the same time keep them from injuring it. If you think this letter would be of any service in promoting this object of your wishes pray make any use of it you think best. Again thanking you for a pleasant visit and for the opportunity of seeing Titterstone and your beautiful place

I am

Yours faithfully

A Pitt Rivers

------------------

9 [in blue]

Childe

Kyre Park,

Tenbury,

Worcestershire.

Oct 2nd. / 88

Dear General Pitt Rivers

I think we are all very much indebted to you for such an exhaustive and interesting account of the Titterstone I will forward it to Sir Charles Broughton and let you hear what he says – I wish he could have met us there. The elements certainly were not kind—and I am afraid your recollections of Shropshire will not be bright ones. I hope however that you were none the worse for the long walk in the fog—which certainly proved to be much more of an undertaking than any of us bargained for!—

I enclose the “omelet” my cook is vague as to the quantities and seems to have manufactured it by a happy rule of thumb—I hope yours will be as successful in making one you like. With our united kind remembrances

Sin yrs

Frances Baldwyn Childe

Mr Childe has just discovered when he wanted to pay for our waggonette that the bill had been mixed up with yours – and desires me to send you this cheque which he believes is the amount you paid.

-----------------

10 [in blue]

Ansd

Boraston Rectory, Tenbury

Oct 2. 1888

My dear Sir,

I fear this sketch is useless. The man is an educated man, tho’ a great sot, and I thought he would be able to turn out something more finished.

Faithfully yours

F.W. Joyce

I trust you were not the worse for your long day here.

[Inside the letter a drawing and

Clee Hill

Ludlow

1st Oct 1888.

Revd Sir,

I trust the accompanying sketch will prove to be what you require. I took it from the top left hand corner of the quarry, and traced the foundation of the all as far as I could see. I have endeavoured to show the formation of the stone and the position in which they are laid as correctly as I can

Your obedient servant

C. Renacre

Rev F. Joyce

Boraston.

-------------------

Titterstone Clee Hill

[Kyre Park,

Tenbury,

Worcestershire]

Aug’st 9th

Dear Gen’l Pitt Rivers

Will it suit you to come and pay us a visit and the Clee Hill – sometime this month – next week or the week after? I shall certainly (both for your sake and mine) try to make the ascent a little easier this time than it was last – and I hope that sun will shine upon us.

I enclose an Extract from a Shrewsbury paper – which I think may interest you. I should like to have it back

truly yrs

Frances Baldwyn Childe

“Craven Place” is the Inn we stopped at

----------------------

Anc Mons

Baldwyn Childe

Kyre Park

Tenbury

March 7

My dear General

I have received the enclosed from the President of the Shropshire Archaeological Society – Do you think it would be possible for you to pay us a visit again this next summer? if so the Club could arrange their visit doubtless to suit you You certainly did not visit our country under very favourable conditions and I think you would find much that you might care to see if you had a few days leisure. With Mr. Childe’s kind remembrances truly yrs. Frances C. Baldwyn Childe

You shall have another Omelet! and some tea!

--------------------

Stokesay

Craven Arms

5 March 90

Dear Mr Childe

I am very much obliged by your sending me Gen’l Pitt Rivers’s letter & have submitted it to one of our most active members & he fully coincides with me that the matter should be specially taken up by the club, & good photographs secured before any further injury has been done to the camp.

Is it at all likely that the General could be induced to pay it another visit, &, possibly, under more favourable circumstances than the last. If this could be brought about, there would be little difficulty in arranging for the club to meet him, & they would be thankful for any suggestion he might make.

I take the liberty, if you will allow me, to keep Genl Pitt Rivers letter until our annual meeting, which will take place shortly, as I have no doubt it would greatly interest several of our members

Believe me

Yrs sincerely

JD La Touche [7]

Notes

[1] Frederick Wayland Joyce (1852-?)

[2] Kyre Park see here

[3] Sir Charles Henry Rouse-Boughton (1825-1906) he lived at Downhall Hall near Ludlow Shropshire

[4] Frances Christina Baldwyn-Childe nee Leighton (1832 or 1833-1930)

[5] Isabella Leighton (1834-1911) she was married twice, the second time to Alfred Seymour in 1866. See here. Knoyle is near Salisbury so presumably Pitt-Rivers knew Isabella and Frances socially.

[6] Ellen Charlotte Hope-Edwardes, author of a book about her travels in Egypt (Eau du Nil) in 1882 and transcriber of Shropshire parish records.

[7] James Digues La Touche see here

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Box 2 / U1

[Athenaeum Club

Pall Mall S.W.]

18/1/84

Dear Sir

Sir John Lubbock refers me to you as the Inspector under his Ancient Monuments Act.

My object is to call attention to the fact that the White Horse on the Hill below Uffington Castle, Berks, has fallen into such a state that it is not visible from the Railway (about a mile 1/2 distant) except to those who like myself know precisely where to look for it & scarcely at all even to them. If the turf is once allowed to grow on it it will be lost like the others which once existed in England (13 I believe) & which have entirely disappeared. I trust you may be able to avert this & am yours very truly

Thos Hughes [2]

Notes

[1] The Athenaeum was also Pitt-Rivers’ club

[2] see here

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Box 2 / W3

Crown Hotel

Wetheral

Carlisle

Ap. 12/ 83

Dear Gen: Pitt Rivers

Yours has been forwarded to me here where I am looking out for a change of wind for some salmon fishing so that I fear my answer will not be so satisfactory as I could wish owing to absence from notes &c. The Uffington White Horse is in easy reach of us by team to Uff: station & I would meet you there when I return home unless you could run down to Bath accept a bed at my house & then we both go on together the next day—when I last saw it a “scouring was much wanted. The owner thereof I cannot just now remember but fancy it belongs to a Peer beginning with the letter C (rather vague information you will think) not Carnarvon. As to any other prehistoric monuments in the neighbourhood there is a Cromlech near Tracey Park [1] on the northern slopes of Lansdown of which only two stones remain, one [insert] of the three original ones [end insert] has disappeared already & I am not clear whether the second has not followed the same fate [illegible]? C.R. Davy of Tracy Park is the owner. [2] Then there is the Wansdyke [2 words illegible] I was lucky enough to get the last traces of it in a field in in Claverton Down plotted down by the Ordinance Survey just before leaving Bath last week. then again there is the chambered tumulus at Stoney Littleton [3] which when I saw it last year had the day light let in at the upper end. Lord Hilton [sic] of Ammerdown Park [4] is the possessor to whom I wrote a letter about its present state to which letter no reply was vouchsafed. But if you will fix any day after next week for a visit to Bath I will make homeward tracks & meet you. There is much to see in our parts the Roman bath you ought to see certainly.

A line will reach me here up to the beginning of next week. Do you know these parts Corby Castle seat of the Howards is opp: these windows & the Priory of Wetheral close & believe me

Very truly yours

HH Winwood [5]

----------------

[11 Cavendish Crescent, Bath]

April 26/ 83

Dear Gen: Pitt-Rivers

Wednesday or Thursday next week will be quite convenient for me & we shall be happy to offer you a bed on either or both of those days.

Very truly yours

HH Winwood

I will make enquiries respecting the proprietors

-------------------

[11 Cavendish Crescent, Bath]

Unless I hear to the contrary I meet you on Thursday at the Swindon platform at 1.0.50 am

Ap. 29

Dear Gen: Pitt-Rivers

Your proposed plan received this morning will suit me so long as I can get to the Swindon Station on Friday in time for the 4.12 train to Bath. this I can we [insert] can [end insert] do or at least I can do after seeing the White Horse by driving on to Swindon instead of returning to Uffington station I think.

The Thursday excursion to Marlboro will do very well & I will meet you at the Swindon Station at the time [illegible] in time for the 11.10 to Marlboro: but I would suggest that instead of returning to Swindon we go on to Devizes & catch the 4.50 pm train for Bath arriving at the latter place 6.35 pm. It is only some 4 or 5 miles from Silbury Hill to Devizes and we can either take a trap on from Marlboro or have a trap to meet up from Devizes at the foot of the hill. We shall pass thro Wansdyke & see a lot of “tumps” if the plough has not obliterated them. But I fear by the present arrangement you wont be able to see over Roman Bath which is really worth seeing unless you make a little longer stay with us

Very truly yours

H H Winwood

--------------

[11 Cavendish Crescent, Bath]

Dear Gen: Pitt Rivers

I return to Bath this day (Friday) somewhat earlier than I expected & shall be happy to join you in an expedition to Stanton Drew or any where else whenever you like but it must be some time before the last fortnight in July & believe me

Very truly yours

HH Winwood

London

June 29/ 83

----------------

[11 Cavendish Crescent, Bath]

July 10/ 83

Dear Gen: Pitt-Rivers

I shall be glad to go with you on Thursday & will try & find out to whom it belongs

Yours

HH Winwood

---------------

[11 Cavendish Crescent, Bath]

July 16/ 83

Dear Gen: Pitt-Rivers

Lord Hylton with “y” not “i” hope you did not experience that vicious thunderstorm on the heights of Uley Bury – if so shall expect to find some of your remains there tomorrow as I go there with Cotteswold Club

HHW

----------------

[Winwood]

[Bath Royal Literary and Scientific Institute]

Ap 18/ 89

Dear General Pitt-Rivers

I congratulate you on the Samian ware finds but I wish you had not found that iron knife below the original surface line had you found it above that line it would have been much more in accordance with preconceived notions! I have been pondering on that find and the following thoughts came up. If the iron knife was found below the surface it was not contemporary with the peoples who threw up the rampart it must have been older and from its position very much older sufficiently old to have seen all the rubble debris above the solid chalk and several inches of turf to form before covered by the material thrown up by the folk who were making the rampart so that if the knife be Roman (it can’t be earlier) then you must make the rampart considerably younger and throw the people who made it back into post Roman times. Can those noble earthworks be made by any peoples subsequent to the Roman period? impossible therefore I must be an agnostic on the knife or else a “cowardly infidel”, I simply write you my thoughts which of course are all worthless. Congratulate you on the fact that your diggings have not been altogether profitless & remain

Very truly yours

HH Winwood

[on reverse in black Oct 6 17

July 25 pp]

Notes

[1] Tracey Park is presumably Tracy Park near Wick, Avon. I can find a drawing of a cromlech there in Nottinghamshire Archives, but not a reference to the site except to standing stones nearby on page 808 of Gloucestershire: The Vale and the Forest of Dean By David Verey, Alan Brook.

[2] Reverend Charles Raikes Davy

[3] Stone Littleton long barrow see here

[4] Actually Lord Hylton, probably Hedworth Jolliffe, 2nd Baron Hylton see here.

[5] Reverend Henry Hoyte Winwood (1831-1921), amateur geologist see here

-------------------------------------------------------------

Box 2 / W5

3 Gloucester Row

Weymouth

17 Ap. 1883

My dear Sir,

I am not sure that you will remember me as a Lover of Geology and Archaeology at the meetings of the British Association. The last time I had the pleasure of seeing you was at the meeting at Dublin. Since then I have been an invalid and unable to attend public meetings of any kind. You know, however, my daughter, Lady Hooker, [1] for some time ago she told me she had been visiting you.

My object in now writing to you will be explained by the enclosed newspaper slips. “An Old Visitor” is myself and I wrote upon the subject to Sir John Lubbock who refers me to you as the “Inspector of Ancient Monuments” Perhaps if you could give poor Worle you attention you might be the means of saving future desecrations. Believe me to remain

Yours faithfully

W.S. Symonds

I am very much interested here is some remarkable Drifts which indicate some extensive earth movement since the Mammoth period and Cavern History in England.

------------

[Newspaper clipping]

THE ENCAMPMENT

We can boast of a British encampment which even that celebrated and clever antiquary, the Rev. F. Warre acknowledged was “one of the most remarkable and mysterious relics of antiquity that he had anywhere seen,” and yet ten uot of every dozen Westonians disregard it, and are ignorant of and careless about it. Encroachments, horrible encroachments, have already been made upon it; loads upon loads of the stone of which its walls were formed have been carted away for ornamental rockeries or for building purposes, and have even been used for the degrading purpose of patching the Kewstone road. The loose stone outworks facing Cardiff are now condemned we hear, and the sight of the ominous surveyor’s pegs makes our heart ache, and sorrowfully we think that what we have heard must be only too true. The Birkett-road, a good enough scheme, however, cannot be made unless some of the hill is scarped away, so everything must give way to the improvement craze, the road must be formed, and a snap of the fingers for the old British camp. Before long we do hope that the excellent provisions of Sir John Lubbock’s Ancient Monuments Preservation Act will be made to extend to Worlebury, and so effectually save what remains of it from wanton destruction and preserve, for the benefit of antiquarians yet to be born, that which the Westonians now despise and ignore. E.B.

--------------------

[Newspaper clipping]

WORLEBURY AND ITS CLAIM UPON WESTONIANS

SIR,-- I have read with great interest the remarks of “E.B.” in the Weston-super-Mare Gazette for March 24th, on the British Camp, on Worle Hill, called Worlebury. I have, in my time, travelled far and wide in search of Archaeological and Natural History lore wherever I could find it. I visited Weston well nigh forty years ago, when it was a very different place from the present fashionable town, and I can recall the delight with which antiquarian friends, now dead and gone, first looked upon “the mysterious relic of antiquity,” as Mr. Warre calls Worlebury. It was then far more perfect, especially on the western side, than it is now. I visited Weston later on for the purpose of investigating the history of the Banwell bone caves, and knew “old Beard” right well, and the “test bone” with which he declared he puzzled Professor Owen. He was in possession of a fine skull of Bos longifrons somebody gave him, which was found at Worlebury, and the lower jaw of an ancient Celt, with the teeth worn down to the gums. I was again at Weston-super-Mare some twelve or fifteen years ago, and it appears to me that more stone has been carted away from the western rampart since that period. As a mere visitor from time to time I am altogether ignorant respecting the proprietorship of Worlebury, or whether the inhabitants of Weston-super-Mare have it in their power to prevent the reckless demolition of the encampment “for ornamental rockeries, or for building purposes, or for patching the Kewstoke road.” But if they have let me implore them with “E.B.” to save one the grandest relics of antiquity in the British Isles from further desecration. What would the Romans say if road surveyors quarried the Coliseum? What would Malvernians say if they caught a fellow carting away at the entrenchments of the Herefordshire Beacon and Camp Hill? Surely the Westonians of the 19th century, who can find money to build such streets, villas, institutes, and churches, I see have arisen as if by magic, should shield themselves from those anathemas of a future generation which will assuredly await the destroyers of Worlebury.

An Old Visitor

-------------------

Park Lodge, Weston super Mare

Sep, 4. 1883

Dear Sir

In conjunction with my friend Mr C.W. Dymond [3] C.E., F.S.A. I am occupied in writing a Memoir on Worlebury to accompany be illustrated by a very careful plan and plates &c. I have long wished to have some conference iwth you on the matter & should be very glad, if you can visit Weston during this autumn, to shew you all the relics from Worlebury here and at Taunton, & the information which I have written, with some letters from my friend the late Rev. F. Warre, Mr Martin Atkins & others. [4]

I believe I am the only survivor in Weston of those engaged in the exploration in 1851-4. The late Prof’r Rolleston [5] would have come to visit me & inspect this tump, but his lamented death prevented it.

I have been deeply interested in your paper on Caburn Camp in the Archaeologia.

If you can visit Weston in October or November I will ask Mr Dymond (who now lives in Bath) to meet you here. We are very desirous of losing no time in preparing for the press. Believe me

Yours faithfully

Henry George Tomkins

(late Victor of Branscombe)

Hon Local Secy Somerset Archaeol Socy

Major Gen. Pitt Rivers

-------------

Park Lodge, Weston super Mare

Sep, 10. 1883

Dear Sir

I beg to thank you for your letter just received & the copy of the Ancient Mon’ts Act which you have been so good as to send me.

Will you oblige me by accepting a printed paper on Worlebury which I enclose.

It is of earlier date than the last work done by Mr Dymond & myself in examination of the ramparts, pits, & trenches & we can now add much information in detail.

I shall have to be at Reading during the week of the Church Congress which begins on the 2nd Oct’r & trust it will be convenient to you to visit Weston after that week. October is generally a fine & pleasant month here.

Two or three years ago I corresponded with Sir J. Lubbock as to the protection of Worlebury under the contemplated act, but it did not seem practicable to include it in the Schedule.

I cannot but think that Mr Cecil Smyth Pigott [6] the present owner may be found willing to agree to the protection of the ramparts & perhaps one special pit lined with dry masonry, which his grandfather provided with good fencing for a time for its preservation. (see p. 7 of my paper & drawing at the end.)

The protection of the ramparts is earnestly desired by all who take any interest in this important stronghold. I trust you will be able to visit Dolbury on the Mendips when you are in this neighbourhood. [7] There you will see on the ramparts a face of dry masonry in the style of the work at Worlebury.

I am Dear Sir

yours sincerely

Henry George Tomkins

Major Genl Pitt Rivers

I shall be very much obliged by a long notice of your visit as you can conveniently give me that I may communicate with Mr Dymond at Bath.

[The copy of the paper which Tomkins sent still survives with the letter, a scan can be found at http://web.prm.ox.ac.uk/pittrivers_pdf/PRBox2_W_5.pdf

---------------

[Park Lodge,

Weston-super-Mare]

5 Larkstone Road

Ilfracombe

July 7. 1884

Dear Sir

Your letter has found me here. We are staying at Ilfracombe till (probably) th end of this month & I am sorry for the delay. But I will write today to Mr Cecil Smyth Pigott the Lord of the Manor of Weston to whom Worlebury belongs. He is quite a young man & is much interested in archaeological matters & lately invited me to help him in unearthing a Roman villa near Yatton on land of his.[8]

Will you be so good as to send a copy of the act to Mr Pigott (Cecil Smyth Pigott Esq The Grove Weston super Mare) as I have not my copy here, & I will tell him I have requested this. And I will write to you as soon as I hear from him, or probably he may write to you himself. His father in law Mr Ruscombe Poole [9] is a solicitor & acts as his steward. He is an educated & enlightened man in such things, & I hope the right thing may be done to preserve the ramparts & some pits as specimens.

By the way, some very interesting pits (dwellings, with hearths &c) have been carefully opened by Mr Henry Cunnington of Devizes on Beckhampton Down within the last 3 or 4 weeks. [10]

Also Prof’r Sayce wrote to me a little while ago that he had hit upon a palaeolithic settlement [insert] I think he said [end insert] on the hill above Banwell Castle.

Possibly you may be glad to hear of these discoveries.

I should be particularly glad to have an opportunity of meeting you at Weston if it were possible.

Believe me

Dear Sir

Sincerely yours

Henry George Tomkins

I trust you received my letter & printed paper at Rushmore.

Notes

[1] Hyacinth Hooker, (1842-1921) Her second marriage (and his) was to Joseph Dalton Hooker (1817-1911) the English botanist, and explorer and Director of Kew Gardens

[] Reverend William Samuel Symonds (1818-1887), English geologist, see here.

[3] Charles William Dymond (1832-1915) see here.

[4] Rev. Francis Warre, Rector of Cheddon Fitzpaine in Somerset, Edwin Martin Atkins (1808-1859) J.P. F.S.A. from Kingston Lisle, Berkshire see here.

[5] George Rolleston (1829-1881) see here

[6] Cecil Hugh Smyth Pigott (1860-1893) lived at Brockley Hall, Somerset

[7] Dolbury Hillfort, see here

[8] Roman villa at Wemberham, Somerset Levels, see here

[9] Joseph Ruscombe Poole, Bridgwater, Somerset.

[10] See here, he was an amateur archaeologist and, presumably, the wine merchant father of Edward Benjamin Howard Cunnington?

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Box 2 / W9

[in red crayon] Ansd Wansdyke

[Cherhill Rectory

Calne, Wilts]

Sept: 8th 1888

Dear Sir,

I have been over to Calstone to see about lodgings for your two clerks, & have found what I think ought to do very well for them at the village shop-keeper’s. She (Mrs Bowsher) [1] & her daughter are rather better-class sort of people, & can let the men have one good well-furnished sitting room, and one bedroom about 17 x 14 ft. This contains one large bed, & one folding bed, of good size, both quite clean & well-found. The house is attached to the village “Free Library” & has a large reading rom belonging to it which the men could also have to themselves until Oct. 1, when it reopens for the winter. In case they objected to the double-bedded room I dare say that I could find another bedroom in the village close by. Mrs Bowsher would undertake to wait upon & board the men, & would I am sure do it well. The house is within an easy mile of the furthest point on the Wansdyke to which we walked the other day.

I have been reading with great interest the paper of which you kindly gave me a copy & especially that part of it in which you unfold your scheme for an anthropological museum arranged in concentric rings. [2] It has always seemed to me so very curious to trace the way in which nations at a similar point of civilization has a tendency to develope [sic] nearly similar types of workmanship -- & that not only as to plan & use but quite as remarkably in both forms & ornamentation. This would be – I hope I may say, will be – brought before the eyes of students more clearly than it has ever been before, & may perhaps enable them to evolve a law in such matters which has hitherto escaped formalization.

Would you very kindly tell me where & when your paper on the distribution of the Bow was published? It is a subject in which I have always been much interested & which I did my best to work up some 14 or 15 years ago, though taking a considerably less wide scope than that of your enquiries. I should like very much to learn more on the subject.

In case I can be of any further use in the matter of the lodgings, I hope that you will command me. Mrs Bowsher has never before let her rooms, & was not prepared to say what she would charge for them until she knew exactly what amount of board & waiting upon, &c, the men would want.

Believe me to be, Dear Sir,

yours faithfully

W.C. Plenderleath [3]

-----------------

[Cherhill Rectory

Calne, Wilts]

March 27th 1889

Dear Sir,

I am very much obliged by your letter of yesterday. I shall hope to come up & see the work, & need scarcely say that if I can be of any use to you or to your men, I should be most glad.

Yours faithfully,

W.C. Plenderleath

-----------------

Plenderleath

[Cherhill Rectory

Calne, Wilts]

April 12th 1889

Dear Sir,

I took leave to call upon you yesterday afternoon at Devizes I live too far off to ask you to be at the trouble of returning my visit, but if you should be inclined to inspect Oldbury Camp [4] which is just above my house & in some respects a very remarkable earthwork, I should be sincerely pleased if you would come & take lunch here on any day in next week except Monday or Friday & then allow me to shew you the way to it. I trust that you may by this time have another find upon the Wansdyke.

Yours faithfully

W.C. Plenderleath

Notes

[1] Sarah Bowsher, (?1827-1896) who ran the village shop in Calstone and was married to William Bowsher, see here

[2] Reference to Pitt-Rivers, A.H.L.F. 1888. [c]. 'Address as President of the Anthropological Section of the British Association, Bath, September 6, 1888', Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science (1888), pp. 825-835. see here.

[3] William Charles Plenderleath (1831-1906) see here.

[4] This appears to be a reference to the earthwork called Oldbury Castle, see here

-----------------------------------------------------------

Box 2 / W10

[Skrine]

Claverton Manor

Bath

Sept 21

My dear Sir

We were sorry not to see you today & to have your opinion of the Hampton Camp & the excavations I have [illegible] especially as it was a very fine day. Mr Sayce tells me you could come on Tuesday next and that we could meet you there – If this is the case I shall be happy to send my carriage for you to the train – which I believe you named 10.5 from Salisbury 12.2 in Bath. This would give you time to see the camp & what is said to be the Wansdyke on this side of the river—but not to trace it on the other side at Warleigh, if you are returning the same evening to your home.

Indeed I think you would find a good deal to interest you in the Camp and the remains of foundations of old walls outside it.

Should you desire to prosecute your inquiries further we can offer you a bed here & should be very pleased to see you. Believe me

Yours truly

HD Skrine [2]

---------------

Skrine

[British Association

Bath Meeting

Sept, 1888

Reception Room

Alfred Street

H.D. Skrine of Claverton Manor Bath has a piece of Wans Dyke on his property at Hampton Down and in the valy [sic] of the Avon between Claverton Down & the opposite side [3]

Notes

[1] This might be Bathampton Camp, see here

[2] Henry Duncan Skrine (1815-1901)

[3] This appears to be a note on BAAS notepaper, perhaps made after discussion with Professor Sayce about Skrine, in Pitt-Rivers’ handwriting.

------------------------------------------------------------------

Box 2 / W11 [1]

[Ansdwrd]

4 Barnard Villas

Bath

Sept. 16/ 88

Dear Genl. Pitt-Rivers,

I have been in correspondence with Mr Skrine about the excavations you proposed to make on his estate: as we have both been laid up with severe colds, we have been obliged unable to have a talk together on the subject. He tells me that he would be very glad to see you next Friday, or, should that day be wet, on Wednesday week. Bradshaw [1] informs me that your train from Salisbury reaches the Great Western Station at Bath at 12.5. I would meet you there [insert] if either of the datres named were convenient to you [end insert] & take you at once to Claverton Manor, & after lunch we could examine the ground. Mr Skrine is delighted with your idea, & is now studying your book wh. I have lent him.

What a very successful meeting we have had, at all events so far as “Section H” is concerned!

Yours faithfully

A.H. Sayce

[on reverse Mr Sayce’s letters Claverton]

--------------

[Ansdwrd]

4 Barnard Villas

Bath

Sept. 19/ 88

Dear General Pitt-Rivers,

Mr Skrine tells me that he will be engaged the greater part of next Wednesday, so that if Friday prove wet or inconvenient to you, he would be glad to see you next Tuesday. But I hope you will be able to come here next Friday: I will meet you at the Great Western Station at 12.5 in Mr Skrine’s carriage, as one of my father’s horses happens to be laid up, & we will drive at once to Claverton Manor where you will find lunch awaiting you. There will be plenty of time afterwards to examine the ground to be excavated & to arrange a plan of operations.

Please let me have a post-card to say if you can come next Friday.

Yours faithfully

A.H. Sayce [3]

[on reverse Sayce]

----------------

[Re Wansdyke

Sayce]

4 Barnard Villas

Bath

Sept. 23/ 88

Dear General Pitt-Rivers,

Mr Skrine tells me that he has written to you about your visit to Bathampton Down. He does not seem to think that you will be able to examine the old settlement on the Down & the piece of the Wansdyke at Warleigh on the same day. If you come on Tuesday, I will meet you at the Station.

I find that Mr Skrine has been excavating a little this summer on the Down, & has laid bare the foundations of curvilinear walls of unhewn stone. All he has discovered has been a fragment of black pottery, [insert] along with [end insert] some flint flakes & chips including a scraper, but neither he nor his workmen have been accustomed to excavations.

yours [illegible]

A.H. Sayce

---------------

[Sayce]

[Queen’s College,

Oxford]

Oct. 11/ 88

Dear Genl. Pitt-Rivers

I have just had a letter from Mr Skrine in wh. he tells me that he is about to begin trenching the ground that we visited. It is a good thing to have stirred him up to undertake the work. But I doubt whether he will do anything with the socalled bit of the Wansdyke, & after our visit to it I can hardly persuade him to so do.

The so-called piece of the Wansdyke at Stantonbury Hill is similar to that on Hampton Down, forming part of the enclosure of a camp. I have never seen the fragment at Englishcombe wh. is said to be large, & have failed to discover the piece described as being in Prior Park. But is it certain that the name of Wansdyke is properly applied to [insert] all [end insert] these scattered fragments? We learned the other day that the fragment at Bathford received the name from Mr Scarth. Have the fragments, moreover, really anything to do with another?

I am horrified to hear what you tell me about Llantwhit. [?] It really is a case for Government interference.

I have just returned from Brighton where I have been paying a couple of visits to Cissbury. In the rampart of the Devil’s Dyke I found a fine flint scraper.

If the Wansdyke really ran over Hampton Down it can have had nothing to do with the Belgae. Ptolemy says that one of their towns was “Ydara Ieppia” & the hot springs of Bath lay [insert] lie [end insert] to the north of it

Yours very truly

A.H. Sayce

-------------

[Sayce][Ansd]

[Queen’s College,

Oxford]

Oct. 14/ 88

Dear Genl. Pitt-Rivers,

I am very glad to find that your examination of the Wansdyke goes to confirm the current statements about its course. Scarth’s map indicates a fragment of it between English Combe & the old Turn-pike running from north to south, & another fragment at the back of Prior Park, running from south to north towards the camp on Hampton Down. Your researches seem to show that the first fragment is now destroyed, & more that the second fragment is destroyed. If the fragments really existed, they would indicate that the dyke was pushed forward so as to include the Camp, wh. we may then infer was already in evidence, But against whom could the Dyke have been raised?

English Combe is called “Ingeliscuma in Domesday, proving that a Saxon camp or settlement must have been formed there in the middle of British population. The same fact may be gathered from the name of English Batch. The “Batch” now [insert] in [end insert] Somersetshire usually means a piece of w.. [illegible] common land attached to a village.

In Domesday Bathwich & its manor are called Wica, i.e. vicus. It would therefore appear that after the destruction of Bath, a body of Romanised Britons continued to live in the suburbs, [insert] there [end insert] preserving the Latin word vicus as the name of their settlement.

Yours very truly

A.H. Sayce

---------------

[Sayce]

4 Barnard Villas

Bath

April 26th/ 89

Dear General Pitt-Rivers,

Let me congratulate you upon your success, you have solved at last the mystery of the Wansdyke. I should very much have liked to see the section, but I did not get back from Egypt until the day before yesterday when I found my father dying. I hope to be at Oxford again towards the middle of next week.

Yours very truly

A.H. Sayce

------------

[Sayce]

Queen’s Coll.

Oxford

May 8 /89

Dear Genl. Pitt-Rivers,

Very many thanks for the photographs. The section is most satisfactory. So far as the results bear out your expedition & show that this portion of the Wansdyke at all events is later than the Roman occupation & the Roman Road.

The name of Wansdyke or Woden’s dyke is curious, as it seems to imply that the name-fixers did not know the origin of the dyke. Can the name have been primarily given to an older portion of the dyke only or to another dyke altogether, & transferred in later days to its present significance?

I have not heard whether Mr. Skrine’s excavations have been successful.

Yours very truly

A.H. Sayce

Notes

[1] This letter prefigures Skrine’s of 3 days later, see W10 above

[2]Train guide

[3] Archibald Henry Sayce (1845-1933) see here

------------------------------------------------------------

Box 2 / W12

[Medlicott]

[Sandfield

Potterne

Devizes.]

23 Feby 89

Dear General Pitt-Rivers

The first volume of The Excavations in Cranborne Chase which you gave me is bound in purple cloth gilt.

There is one point in connection with Wans Dyke which may have some bearing on its date. To the west of the spot on which we stood, where the Dyke and the Roman Road converge, the Dyke is for a very great part of its length to the Somersetshire border of the County the boundary of the Hundreds and old parishes of Melksham and Bradford. To the East of that spot it does not appear to have been a boundary either of Hundred or Parish.

I may mention to you as a possibility that our Wiltshire Archaeological Society’s next meeting will be at Cirencester about the 13 & 14 August.

I am

Yours very faithfully

Henry E. Medlicott [1]

[on reverse Medlicott]

--------------

Potterne

Devizes

22nd March 1889

Dear General Pitt Rivers

I saw yesterday the son of the Combes of Bishops Cannings Manor Farm, on which you propose to cut Wans Dyke.

He has an empty, but unfurnished, cottage on the Downs, near the Rifle range. But Mr Plenderleath, whom I have also seen, told me he thought he could make an arrangement for your Assistants at Calstone on the North side of the Downs – a village below the point where you propose to go to work.

Mr. Combes has no spare van at present, but he thinks he could put me in the way of borrowing one in Bishop’s Cannings—which he he would haul up to the Dyke.

I think we can get 8 or 10 strong pick & shovel men such as you require.

I will go to Bishops Cannings one day next week and will find out more particulars – and cost – wages &c and will write to you again.

Allow me to give you my best thanks for your handsome and valuable and interesting addition to my Wiltshire volumes.

I scarcely know how you can find time for such exhaustive work.

I am Yours very truly

Henry E. Medlicott

P.S. The present landlord of the Bear Hotel is a young fellow named Reynolds very civil and obliging.

[At right angles to the text is a pencil drawing of a ?section]

Notes

[1] Henry Edmonstone Medlicott (1840 or 1841-1916)

--------------------------------------------------------------

Box 2 / W15

[Smith]

[Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Society.

Yatesbury Rectory, Calne]

Aug: 28. 1883

Dear General Pitt Rivers

In my big book on the “British and Roman Antiquities of North Wiltshire” [1] I pointed out a spot near Wans Dyke where I thought were indications of British dwellings [B VII d and C vii k pages 63 and 65] But I shall be very sorry to mislead you by any conjectures of mine which have not sufficient basis to support them.

I shall like to visit the spot again and make another careful examination of it, and I am writing today to my Co-Secretary Mr Medlicott, to ask him to meet me there on Thursday next, if fine, that together we may carefully examine the ground

Unhappily I am obliged to be dependent on the weather, as I dare not go out in the damp: but in a very few days I hope to write to you again more fully.

Your letter addressed Old Park has only just reached me as we are spending the summer months here

Believe me

Yours sincerely

A.C. Smith [2]

I ought to have said how much the Society was interested at the meeting at Calne, when I read the story of Bokerley Dyke from your letters

---------------

[Smith]

Old Park

Devizes

April 4/ 89

Dear General Pitt Rivers

I have delayed writing to you for a day or so, as I hoped to have been able to call, but I have been so terribly laid up this winter and especially within the last few days with neuralgia that I am obliged to be extra careful of exposure.

It is also for me a source of much vexation that I could not ask you to take up your quarters here instead of at the Bear, but Mrs Smith has been so very unwell last week and is now obliged to be so quiet that I am obliged to be this inhospitable. She is however so much better that I venture to ask if you will come and dine here in our quiet way at the early hour of seven on Monday next (8th inst) in which case I will ask Mr Medlicott and Mr Pennie to meet you: and we shall then be able to talk over all you have done and are doing.

It is a source of quiet regret to me that I cannot get out to Wans Dyke and witness the excavations, but that I know is out of the question. I most sincerely hope your labours will be crowned with success.

While you are on the Downs above Calstone, I should like you to examine the ground to the South of Wans Dyke, in the L.. [illegible, see below]. Your practised eye will judge whether (as I conjecture) there are traces of early occupation, in addition to the many pits made by flint diggers. I have spent hours together in wandering near three Lills [?possibly hills], and I always come away with a strong impression that some sort of British occupation had been there.

Believe me

Yours very sincerely

A.C. Smith

------------------

[Smith]

Old Park

Devizes

April 5/ 89

Dear General Pitt Rivers

I write a line to thank you for so kindly telling me of your progress at the Dyke.

It would be an impertinence on my part to venture an opinion where you know 50 times as well as I do what is likely to be the truth of the date of origin of the new Dyke, but I cannot help the conviction that your suggestion as to its dating from Roman times will prove to be correct. I am very sanguine that you will find more yet, and I have little doubt but that before you have finished with it you will have settled the question of date as you did at Bokerley.

How I wish I could get on the Downs to see you at work!

The nail and the knife together are facts not be gainsaid.

Believe me

Yours very sincerely

A.C. Smith

------------------

[Smith]

Old Park

Devizes

April 16/ 89

Dear General Pitt Rivers

It is most tantalizing for me to think that you have been at work at Wans Dyke for a good fortnight and that I am shut up here in the house, at home no chance of seeing you at work, unless the wind and weather very much change for the better. At present I dare not put my nose out of doors.

Your excavations are certainly not without results. This fresh find of Samian pottery, added to that of the knife & nail, is very telling: and I congratulate you on having found something which wears a recognized date.

I forgot to ask you what you propose in regard to the record of this excavation I dare say you intend to give it in detail in your next volume, if you publish one, corresponding to those on the Excavation of Cranborne Chase: but if not, I need hardly say that I shall rejoice to print in our Magazine anything you like to give me for the purpose.

Believe me

Yours very sincerely

A.C. Smith

------------------

[Smith]

[Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Society.

Yatesbury Rectory, Calne]

Old Park Devizes April 26 89

Dear General Pitt Rivers

I thank you most heartedly for the admirable plans and the full account of your most interesting work at Wansdyke which you have been so good as to send me. I have been studying it all the morning, and speculating on it – and can scarcely put down the sketch.

I feel it would be presumptuous in me to offer any opionion, when you know so very much more than I do of these matters, but so far as I can form a judgement, it appears to me that you have proved beyond doubt that Wans Dyke is certainly not earlier than Roman times, but how much later that is as yet no evidence to show.

What you say of the animal bones found is very interesting, and they seem to point to a period not much later than Roman.

I sincerely hope you will make another cutting, and carry it out in the thorough manner you have dug in the sections. It has never been my good fortune to see anything so systematically and thoroughly carried out. I am still unable to get out, but as soon as I can go, I shall certainly visit the Section.

May I keep the two plans drawn for scale for a little time? my colleague Mr Medlcott will be very pleased to study with me, and perhaps he will accompany me to the spot.

I will write to you again as soon as I have been there.

[illegible, possibly I am still] Believe me

Yours very sincerely

A.C. Smith

------------------

[Smith]

[Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Society.

Yatesbury Rectory, Calne]

Old Park Devizes May 8 89

Dear General Pitt Rivers

I thank you very much for the Photographs which are most interesting, and which will be viewed with pleasure by many of our friends here who take an interest in the work.

As to the Ancient Monuments, we will not (if I can help it) be behind here in Wiltshire, as soon as I can have another Committee, I will bring the matter before them: and then, fueled by their authority, I can write with much more force than if I was acting alone, when people say “tis only some fad of the Secretary.”

In regard to another Section, I would say by all means as soon as convenient for yourself: for (1) the days are long and bright now, and (2) Labourers can be had but in a very short time, every man will be engaged in haymaking or mowing, or boling.

As to myself I am such a poor creature that I dare not make any engagements but I should think I could go on the Down soon, if ever. I have to be in Norfolk (if possible) in the first week in June: and towards the latter end of that month, I expect to be returning to Yatesbury for part of the summer to bid a final Adieu to my parish: So that from now to the end of May seems to be my best chance of seeing something of the work: but my attendance is so uncertain that I have no right to ask you to consider me.

Believe me

Yours very sincerely

A.C. Smith

------------------

[Smith]

Old Park

Devizes

May 18 89

Dear General Pitt Rivers

At last I have been up to the Section, and when I sent there it seemed like visiting an old friend with all the details of which I was furnished: for I had so carefully studied your most accurate Plans that I took it all in at once. Most interesting is the line which marks the original Rampart. I am not quite sure that I found the horizontal marks which you bid me observe. There wer some lines but to me they looked like simple strata in the undisturbed ground: perhaps however I was looking in the wrong place.

Though I sauntered up to the Section very slowly and alone on a beautiful day, I paid the penalty of walking there by bring on a sharp attack of asthma which kept me awake all night. I only mention this to show you how utterly useless I am in any work that is going on, and I must not be relied on for anything.

May I beg to congratulate you on the happy event which I see by the papers has taken place in your family. [3]

Believe me

Yours very sincerely

A.C. Smith

------------------

[Smith A.C.]

[Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Society.

Yatesbury Rectory, Calne]

Old Park Devizes June 21 89

Dear General Pitt Rivers

I am just preparing my “Report” to read at the Annual meeting of the above society which will this year be held at Westbury at the every end of July and beginning of August.

The great Archaeological news of the year in Wiltshire is most certainly the results of your excavations at Wansdyke, and I must say something about it in the Report, but it will come very much better, as well as at first hand, from your pen. Would not you (to obviate all chances of misstatements on my part) like to send me a short account of your Sections and the results? That will be most satisfactory to all of us.

Believe me

Yours very sincerely

A.C. Smith

Your account might be read (not necessarily in the Report) at the Westbury meeting, to the great interest of the members.

------------------

[Wansdyke

Answered]

[Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Society.

Yatesbury Rectory, Calne]

Old Park Devizes Aug. 9 89

Dear General Pitt Rivers

I intended to have taken advantage of your offer of looking over that part of my Report which dealt with the Wans Dyke excavation, but I was driven into a corner at last and had no time to send it you.

So I contented myself with the very baldest description, only observing that the work was now no longer to be pronounced pre-Roman. You have perhaps by this time seen the Report in some county newspaper.

Our President the Bishop was not present when the Report was read, but I explained to him all you had to me. And at the Evening Conversazione he proposed a special vote of thanks for you from the Society, which I had the honour of seconding, and which I need not say was carried by acclimation.

I think I may say that the Society is keenly sensible of the very interesting work you have done.

I should have written this before but that I have been away at Yatesbury making preparations to resign my living in October.

Believe me

Yours very sincerely

A.C. Smith

------------------

[Wansdyke]

[Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Society.

Yatesbury Rectory, Calne]

Old Park Devizes Aug. 31 89

Dear General Pitt Rivers

Your letter find me again laid up with a sharp attack of bronchitis, and a prisoner to the house, which at this time of year is as unexpected as it is disheartening. I don’t know whether I shall be able to get on to the Downs this autumn, but I shall be vexed if I am again hindered from doing so when you come.

At the last Committee meeting I brought forward your suggestion as to the Committee urging owners to place their monuments under the protection of Government, and I moved that the Committee should instruct me to write to Major Heneage [4] with reference to Oldbury Camp. Knowing Major Heneage he will decline, but I took special pains to point out that it was only the rampart of the Camp and not the area that we wished to be protected.

You would be amused at his answer wherein he told me that he declined altogether: and thought it most extraordinary that the Society, far from “mutilating” Wans Dyke should wish to protect Oldbury Camp, and he suggested that the first thing we should do would be to put Wansdyke under the protection of Government, which would not then be defaced and injured as it has been of late!

Such is the result of our attempt on Oldbury, but I am not easily snubbed, and am ready to go on again with some other owner.

Believe me

Yours very sincerely

A.C. Smith

Notes

[1] ‘Guide to the British and Roman Antiquities of the North Wiltshire Downs in a hundred square miles round Abury ...” Published by Marlborough College Natural History Society 1884

[2] Reverend Alfred Charles Smith (1822-1898), see here

[3] This is probably a reference to the marriage of Pitt-Rivers’ oldest son, Alexander, on 25 April 1889, at St Peters, Eaton Square, London reported in the Morning Post (and presumably other papers) on 26 April.

[4] Probably Clement Walker Heneage (1831-1901) see here

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Box 2 / W16

April 26 1889

Calstone

Sir,

in respect of the filling up of the wansdyke section that has recently been removed by you as i meet Mr joseph maundreel and he began to talk about it and he asked me what i gave in foe [?] and he told me that you had let me the work and i told [insert] him [end insert] that i had not an answer from you to begin the work so that i should not begin till i had as i did not do business in that way so that an answer will oblige from yours [illegible]

Edwin Green

Calstone

Calne

to Mr James

63 Chancery Lane

London

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Box 2 / W17

[Copy re Wansdyke]

May 7 ‘89

Dear Sir

I am much obliged to you for sending the iron objects. the only two that can I think be identified as nails are the two largest the other four might or might not be nails but none of them have the flat heads of a Norman nail. then the question arises at what depth were they found because in so large an area such a thing as an iron nail might very probably be dropped at some time or other during the 19 or 20 centuries since the occupation of the place by the late Celtic people. [insert] and may have worked down a few inches [end insert] and also Do these objects, supposing them all to be nails, bear any such proportion to the number of other objects discovered us to lead to the supposition that nails were commonly in use at the time. I should think not from what I saw and from what been told me about the number of objects not exhibited at the antiquities reference to my books [insert] (page 127 vol 2) [end insert] [two words illegible] that in “the two Romano British villages 283 nails were found in Rotherley and 2579 in Woodcuts this number is fully sufficient to [illegible] the nails seen in common use in both these villages on the other hand the finding of my 5 nails in all the excavations in H... [illegible] considering the number of other objects found there and assuming that every object was kept & recorded seems to be almost sufficient to prove that nails could not have been in common use there and leads naturally to the suspicion that the only thing that can with certainty be identified as nails they have been found in surface soils. I doubt how r... [illegible] the diggers have been watched with sufficient care to determine this point. It was to me always important [illegible] as I am not aware that any one can with certainty rate the period at which such nails for woodwork were first introduced into England. If you are disposed to [illegible] in the scales [?] here I will do my best with them it is very important if they are without doubt associated with the late Celtic [illegible] in H... [illegible] that they should be [2 words illegible]

Yours very truly

A Pitt Rivers

[NB as often with Pitt-Rivers’ draft letters this is virtually illegible in parts as it is very scrawled]

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Box 2 / W19

[Press cutting from Romeike & Curtice’s Press Cutting Agency, relevant extract below]

[From Devizes Advertiser Aug 1 1889]

Wilts Archaeological Society

Yesterday the annual meetings were commenced at Westbury ... Afield the committee had to report a very important work, and again carried out by the munificence as well as the personal superintendence of General Pitt Rivers, whose excavations at Bothely [sic] Dyke in the south of the county were mentioned in the reports last year. This year the General, according to the request of the secretaries, made a large section through Wans Dyke, a little to the north of Old Shepherd’s Shore. This section was scientifically cut, under the eye of the General, by a body of men. Though nothing was found to indicate the exact date of the throwing up of Wans Dyke, the discovery of some fragments of Samian ware on the original surface of the Down, beneath the rampart, in addition to the finding of an iron knife and an iron nail in the position in which these relics were respectively found proved to the satisfaction of all who examined them that the work was not pre-Roman, as had generally been supposed. But whether Roman or post Roman (possibly even Saxon) there was no evidence as yet to show. They rejoiced, however, to add that General Pitt Rivers was not satisfied that the evidence had been exhausted, and proposed shortly to make further examination into this interesting earthwork. ....

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Box 2 / Misc 1

[NB this is a printed pamphlet]

British Archaeological Association

32 Sackville Street,

Piccadilly, W.

June 21st, 1886.

At the Council meeting of the British Archaeological Association, held on June 2nd, a communication from Lieutenant-General Pitt-Rivers, F.R.S., Inspector of Ancient Monuments in Great Britain, was discussed, relating to the advantages afforded by the Ancient Monuments Act for the permanent preservation of any ancient work which may be scheduled.

The Council considered that these advantages are not generally known, and for the purpose of drawing your attention to them, we beg to send you overleaf an extract of the clauses bearing on the subject. No surrender of ownership takes place, but the present proprietor pledges himself and his successors not to damage or destroy.

By this wise provision, the Act ensures the preservation for all time; the repairs, if needed, being effected by the Government.

We shall be much obliged if you will make known these advantages of the Act as much as possible; and if you can induce the owner of any monument to place it under the care of the State in the way indicated, the last of the undersigned will be happy to be put in communication with the owner. He will gladly render all preliminary information for its accomplishment free of any charge.

All the monuments at present scheduled are of the class known as Prehistoric, and consist of tumuli, stone circles, camps and earthworks. For the present at least, any other to be added to the existing schedule must be of similar class.

We take this opportunity of calling your attention to the date for holding the Congress at Darlington, under the presidency of the Lord Bishop of Durham. It will begin on July 22nd, and last the whole of the week, and a portion of the following one.

We shall be glad if you will favour the Council with a paper on some local subject. This need be no longer than can be read in twenty minutes, but it can be enlarged to some extent for the Journal, should it be accepted for printing.

The Meeting promises to be one of unusual interest.

We are,

Yours faithfully,

W. de Gray Birch } Hon. Secs.

E.P. Loftus Brock }

Please address any reply to Mr. E.P. Loftus Brock, 36, Great Russell Street, W.C.

The Ancient Monuments Protection Act, 1882.

Extract, Paragraph 2

“That the owner of any ancient monument to which this Act applies may, by deed under his hand, constitute the Commissioners of works in this Act mentioned the guardians of such monument.

“Where the Commissioners of works have been constituted guardians of a monument they shall thenceforth, until they shall receive notice in writing to the contrary from any succeeding owner not bound by such deed as aforesaid, maintain such monument; and shall, for the purpose of such maintenance, at all reasonable times, by themselves and their workmen, have access to such monument for the purpose of inspecting it, and of bringing such materials and doing such acts and things as may be required in the maintenance thereof.

“The owner of an ancient monument of which the Commissioners of Works are guardians shall, save as in this Act expressly provided, have the same estate, right, title, and interest in and to such monument in all respects as if the Commissioners had not been constituted guardians thereof.

“The expressions ‘maintain’ and ‘maintenance’ include the fencing, repairing, cleansing, covering in, or doing any other act or thing which may be required for the purpose of repairing any monument or protecting the same from decay or injury. The cost of maintenance shall, subject to the approval of Her Majesty’s Treasury, be defrayed from moneys to be provided by Parliament.”

Extract, Paragraph 10.

“Her Majesty may, from time to time, by Order in Council, declare that any monument of a like character to the monuments described in the Schedule hereto shall be deemed to be an ancient monument to which this Act applies, and thereupon this Act shall apply to such monument in the same manner in all respects as if it had been described in the Schedule hereto.”

---------------

[British Archaeological Association]

36, Great Russell Street WC

May 31st 1886

Sir

I have read with much interest your note containing copy of Ancient Monuments Act.

I think the various Antiquarian Societies ought to be able to render material help towards making the provisions of the act better known & particularly as regards the placing of ancient monuments by their owners, under the benefits of clause 2 for preservation.

I will have the gratification of bringing your note before our next Council meeting, and will then suggest that its purport be communicated to our various Local members of Council. The organization of our Society may be no better than that of others, but it will be a matter of great interest to me should it prove of service in this respect.

With regard to your enquiry as to monuments to be scheduled. these are three that I would specially refer to, since the present [insert] time [end insert] is so remarkably favourable for their acquisition. 1 The Roman Pavements at Bignor. These are slowly deteriorating. The Freeholder -- a farmer of small means – does his best to preserve them, but the buildings erected long ago for their safety are inadequate to resist damp & pest & the income now derived is not encouraging for their improvement. I understand that he would sell for a moderate sum, & the purchase money would [2 words illegible] the ration the whole of these valuable works

2. Richborough Castle The owner of the freehold, part of a small farm, is suffering, I hear from the Agricultural depression, & would be willing to sell. This opportunity has just arisen & it has only been reported to me within the last 48 hours.

I shall be happy to obtain definite particulars as to entree or look of these if you consider that their purchase would be likely to be considered.

Our meeting will be at 4.30 on Wednesday & if you can favour me with any suggestions I shall be happy to hear from you or I could call on you if more convenient or desirable.

I could do so abt 3 on Wednesday but I shall be absent all tomorrow.

I am Yours Faithfully

EP Loftus Brock

Hony Secretary

Lieut General

A Pitt-Rivers

Inspector of Ancient Monuments

4 Grosvenor Gardens

S.W.

-----------------

[Anc. Mons]

[British Archaeological Association

Darlington and Bishop Auckland Congress.

President—The Bishop of Durham

From Monday, July 26th, to Monday, August 2nd, and Extra days to follow]

June 22nd [1886]

36, Great Russell Street WC

Dear General

I beg to enclose a copy of a circular which has been sent to the Local Members of Council of this Ass’n relativce to the Ancient Monuments Act in the hope that it may bring forth some response from certain owners.

A notice of similar effect will also appear in our Journal.

I would gladly have asked you with respect to the most judicious mode of putting this matter forward with that it was considered from your official position, it would be better not to do so, but to report it to you after the event.

Should anything occur to you on any improvement I shall be glad to hear from you with respect to it with a view to carrying it out in any second issue.

I am Yours Faithfully

EP Loftus Brock

Lieut General

Pitt-Rivers

etc etc etc

Richborough Castle is to be sold by auction at Canterbury on July 3rd. It will go very cheaply it is expected.

--------------------

[Anc. Mons]

[British Archaeological Association

Darlington and Bishop Auckland Congress.

President—The Bishop of Durham

From Monday, July 26th, to Monday, August 2nd, and Extra days to follow]

June 29th [1886]

36, Great Russell Street WC

Dear Sir

I thought I had better bring the particulars of Richborough in any case since I had received them.

I called to speak, however, of another matter. A lady, the owner of an ancient Norman keep, a friend of mine [illegible] is likely to be willing to place it under the care of the Ancient Monuments Act

Since it is of a different nature to those at present in the schedule, would it be of any service for this matter to be prosecuted? The time ought to be soon upon us when an extension is made to the Shedule [sic], & this might be of service as a step in this direction

I shall be glad to know your thoughts on the subject. The keep is Gundolph’s Tower in Gt Malling [1]

I am Yours Faithfully

EP Loftus Brock

Lieut General

A. Pitt-Rivers

etc etc etc

Notes

[1] Now known as St Leonard’s Tower, West Malling, see here (it was constructed by Gundulf, Bishop of Rochester). See also Box 2/ Misc 7

--------------------------------------------------------------------

Box 2 / Misc 5

[Somersetshire Archaeological and Natural History Society

Taunton Castle]

June 14 1886

Dear Sir

Your communication respecting the Ancient Monuments was laid before the Committee of this Society on Friday.

I am desired to inform you that the Committee [illegible] a copy of it to all their local Secretaries requesting them to report upon any Monuments worthy of protection in their neighbourhood.

I have the honor [sic] to remain

Yours faithfully

Charles J. Turner

Hon Sec

Lieut Gen Pitt Rivers

Inspector of Ancient Monuments

------------

[Printed]

Somersetshire Archaeological and Natural History Society

Taunton Castle, June, 1886.

Dear Sir,

The Committee beg to call your attention to the appended letter, and will be obliged if you will report to them if there are any Monuments of the description in your neighbourhood, which it is desirable to place under Government protection. Stanton Drew, Stoney Littleton Tumulus, and Cadbury Castle are already included in the Act.

I remain, yours faithfully,

C.J. Turner, Hon. Sec.

4 Grosvenor Gardens

May 27, 1886.

Sir,

Clause 10 of the Ancient Monuments Act, 1882, makes provision that any Monument of like character to these Scheduled, may, by order in Council, be deemed to be an Ancient Monument to which the Act applies.

Should the Somerset Archaeological and Natural History Society desire to recommend any Monuments to be added to the Schedule, I write to inform you that on receiving a list of such Monuments from the Council of the Society, I will lay it before the Commissioners of Works with a view to obtain their consideration of the matter. It would greatly facilitate the object in view if the names of the owners of the Monuments could be appended to the list, and still more so if the Council, through their members, could obtain the consent of the owners to having the Monuments placed under the guardianship of the Commissioners of Works.

I am, yours obediently,

A. Pitt Rivers, Lt.-General,

Inspector of Ancient Monuments

in Great Britain.

The Secretaries,

Somerset Archaeological Society.

-----------------

Somerleaze, Wells, Somerset

July 1st, 1886

Dear General Pitt: Rivers,

I found this circular on coming home yesterday evening. I don’t know whether the Council has done anything but it seemed more straightforward to write at once to you. The nuisance is endless which comes of the tendency of mankind to send everything to the place where you are not at the time—I daresay I am doing so by putting your London address; but I have no other.

Worlebury, just above Weston=super=Mare, the great entrenchment which we believe that C... [illegible] stormed in 577 of all things needs to be under protection. There is no grander work of the kind, and none in greater danger, owing to the constant growth of the town of Weston uphill. In my Saturday Review days I wrote an article about it almost every year, whereas Sir John Lubbock bill appeared; but, for what reason I cannot guess, it never was put on the list. I fancy Mr Pigott is the owner.

There is a small but choice bit of early defensive work called Castle near here, a good bit of scarping and ditching on a small scale, & a small long oval tumulus known as Battleborough not very far off. [1] The Celts I, [sic] who chose to try on Ben Kirk as the site of the battle at Pesnnar [?], wish to connect with it. There are only small objects, & I don’t know how far down the Commissioners go in point of scale. But a small thing may be as well worth keeping as a big one. Any way Worlebury is the first choice in all ways of looking at things.

I am sorry I could not be at your [illegible] and that of other [illegible] I was driven out by the sudden coming of the Chief Justice

Believe me very truly yours

Edward Freeman

---------------

[Somersetshire Archaeological and Natural History Society

Taunton Castle]

16 Aug- 1886

Sir

In response to the circulars calling attention of the Local Secretaries of this Society to the question of the Ancient Monuments in the County.

The following have been recommended as worthy of being placed under the protection of the Act.

By direction of the Committee of the Society I have the honour of sending you the following list

I remain

Yours faithfully

Charles J. Turner

Hon Sec

A Pitt Rivers Lieut Genl

Inspector of Ancient Monuments

Worlbury Camp Weston-super-Mare

(Owner – Cecil Smith Pigott Esq. The Grove, Weston-s-M)

Dolbury [sic] [2] Camp. on the Mendips [2]

(Owner – B.E. Somers, Esq Mendip Lodge. Layford Bristol)

Maesbury Camp on the Mendips [3]

Tarr Steps over the River Barle, Exmoor. [4]

(Dulverton Highway Board)

Wansdyke in a field west of Englishcombe Church.

(Owner H.R.H. the Prince of Wales)

Two upright stones, in the parish of Beech, opposite Tracey Park [5]

(Owner Mrs Davey of Tracey Park, Gloucestershire)

A Cromlech in the parish of Castle Combe [6]

(Owner E.C. Lowndes, Esq.)

Notes

[1] Possibly now known as Brent Knoll?

[2] Dolebury Warren, north Somerset see here

[3] Maesbury see here

[4] Tarr Steps see here

[5] Cannot be identified, but see previous letters about Tracy Park

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

Box 2 / Misc 7

[Gundulph’s Tower Malling] [1]

[Boxley Abbey,

|Sandling nr Maidstone,

Kent]

August 11 1886

Dear General Pitt Rivers

Kindly permit me to request that should you find it desirable to visit this part of England with reference to your inspection of “Ancient Monuments” you will do me the pleasure of putting up at this this unp... [illegible] but curious old [illegible] when I should feel honoured and grateful by your visit, but it would be necessary to give me a week or six days notice, as I am often away from home.

My late wife (daughter of Mr H & Mrs Thacks [?] Douglas] who was first cousin of yours, and I had the honor [sic] formerly of being very well acquainted with teh late Lady Caroline Lane Fox.

Not far from here at Malling is a Norman keep which my late friend Mr Parker of Oxford termed the oldest Norman keep in England. it belongs to two maiden ladies the Misses Savoys, which if you have never seen would be worth your inspecting. it is believed to be [illegible] work, used there as [2 words illegible] for thinking that it is so in [2 words illegible] of “Tufa” a material he much affected and M... [illegible]

I will venture to send you a copy of a letter of mine upon it some time ago

Apologizing for this intrusion

I am very faithfully yours

Frederic R. Surtees [2]

Lieut Genl A Pitt Rivers

Rushmore

Salisbury

[Newspaper clipping]

Ancient Monuments

To the Editor of the Maidstone and Kentish Journal

Sir,-- May I request you to be so good as to publish in your columns the enclosed letter to me, written under the direction of the Council of the British Archaeological Association, with reference to “The Ancient Monuments Protection Act,” (1882):--

The subject speaks for itself, but it is to be regretted that the Act should not have contained in its own clauses those more extended powers of operation which can be obtained by Order in Council. The Act, however, when it passed was novel in its character and tentative, while its object from being misapprehended was at one time viewed with needless distrust.

Archaeologists will rejoice that Kits Coity [sic] has been placed under its protection.

Yours truly,

F.R. Surtees

Boxley Abbey

June 1886

P.S.—When I state that the Act at the time of passing was novel in character, it should be remembered that so far back as the time of Queen Elizabeth (anno 1568) a proclamation was issued prohibiting the defacing of ancient monuments &c.

British Archaeological Association

32 Sackville Street, Piccadilly, W.

June 21st, 1886

Dear Mr. Surtees,

At the Council Meeting of the British Archaeological Association, held on June 2nd, a communication from Lieutenant-General Pitt Rivers, F.R.S., Inspector of Ancient Monuments in Great Britain, was discussed, relating to the advantages afforded by the Ancient Monuments Act for the permanent preservation of any ancient work which may be scheduled.

By this wise provision, the Act ensures the preservation for all time; the repairs, if needed, being effected by the Government.

We shall be much obliged if you will make known these advantages of the Act as much as possible; and, if you can induce the owner of any monument to place it under the care of the State in the way indicated, the last of the undersigned will be happy to put in communication with the owner. He will gladly render any preliminary information for its accomplishment free of any charge.

All the monuments are present scheduled are of the class known as Prehistoric, and consist of tumuli, stone circles, camps, and earthworks. For the present at least, any others to be added to the existing schedule must be of similar class.

We are, yours faithfully,

W. De Gray Birch } Hon Secs

E.P. Loftus Brock}

Please address any reply to Mr. E.P. Loftus Brock, 36, Great Russell Street, W.C.

Fred R. Surtees, Esq.

Local Member of Council for Kent.

The Ancient Monuments Protection Act, 1882.

Extract, Paragraph 2

The owner of any ancient monument to which this Act applies may, by deed under his hand, constitute the Commissioners of works in this Act mentioned the guardians of such monument.

Extract, Paragraph 10.

Notes

[1] See also See also Box 2/ Misc 1

[2] Frederic R. Surtees, Commissioner at Cape of Good Hope? and author

---------------------------------------------------------------

Pitt Rivers Museum Pitt-Rivers papers Box 1

2014-12-12T11:20:14+00:00

Transcriptions of correspondence held in Box 1, Pitt-Rivers papers, Pitt Rivers Museum

See here for introduction

Box 1

Berwickshire

Box 1/ B3

[On blue paper, copy letters][1]

Services – Ancient Monuments

A 14235 / 1882

Subject: Guardianship of Ancient Monuments in Berwickshire

Drafted by CHW [or HW]

Copied by F Wilson

Examined by CHW [or HW]

Dispatched by G.W.D.

Entred L. WR 14/ Page 156

To D. M. Home Esq [2]

Convenor of Berwickshire

Milne Graden

Coldstream.

Sir,

With reference to your letter of the 27th ult. relative to the guardianship of various Ancient Monuments in the County of Berwickshire, I am directed to acquaint you that no appointment has yet been made of an Inspector under the Ancient Monuments Protection Act 1882 but that any communication addressed to this office will receive attention.

I am &c

N.J.C.

[On outside of folded paper] A.M.P.A. Guardianship of Ancient Monuments in County of Berwickshire

Office of Works

A 14235

30 Sep. 1882

Ancient Monuments

Convenor for Berwickshire

as to Monuments in his County

[Memoranda]

Ackt. form sent

[illegible] 2.10.82

To inform him that no appointment had yet been made of an Inspector, but any communication addressed to this office will receive attention

[illegible] Oct 7

Letter to Mr Home

[illegible] 9 Oct 82

I have informed W.D. Milne Home that I shall be happy to receive any proposals from him relative to the guardianship of Ancient Monuments in Berwickshire

A Pitt-Rivers

Lt. General

Inspector of Ancient Monuments

Nov. 21 1883.

Copy

Milne Graden

Coldstream

Sept 27. 1882

Sir

Under the Act for Ancient Monuments Protection recently passed, it is stated that Ancient Monuments in Scotland may be reported on to the Commissioners of Her Majesty’s Works and Public Buildings as deserving of this Guardianship.

Have the goodness to inform me to what officer, a proposal has to be sent with that view as in the county of which I am convenor, there are several ancient monuments of that character

I remain Sir

Yr obed: Servant

David Milne Home

Convenor of Berwickshire

[on outside] ‘Inspector to D. Milne Home Esq 21. Nov 83

Copy

Rushmore

Salisbury

21 Nov. 83

Lieut General Pitt Rivers presents his compliments to D.M. Home Esq, and begs to say in reply to his letter of Sept 27 1882, which has been referred to him from the Office of Works, that he will be happy to receive any proposals relative to the protection of Ancient Monuments in the County of Berwickshire, with a view to these being placed under the Ancient Monuments Protection Act

------

[headed paper] Milne Graden / Coldstream

Nov 23/ 83

Sir

My letter to which you refer is of so old a date, that I have no recollection of its contents.

In this County there are two Monuments, well worthy of protection.

One is Edins Hall [3], mentioned in the Schedule to the Act; of which full accounts have lately been published; - and if you wish it, I can send to you the name of the publication.

The other is a pillar of stone, on a farm called “Crop...” [illegible] in the parish of E... [illegible] When I last saw it, it was exposed to ill treatment by the children of Farm Cottage adjoining

I then applied to the Marquis of Tweeddale on whose property it is, for a strong iron railing to be put round it. He was then in his last illness, & I understand gave directions to his Factor to have a Railing put up [4]

This was about 10 years ago. I have not been or heard of it since except that it remains in the same unprotected state

I do not suppose that the present Marquis knows any thing about it. [5]

If you would have the kindness to explain to me what your powers are, under the Act, and what further information you require, I will be happy to supply it, if I can

I remain, Sir

Yr obed’t servant

David Milne Home

Lieut General Pitt Rivers

Rushmore

Salisbury

Notes

[1] The locations of the original letter from Pitt-Rivers dated 9 October 1882, or the letter from David Milne Home dated 27 September 1882 are unknown.

[2] David Milne-Home (1805-1890), Scottish advocate, landowner, geologist and meteorologist(see here).

[3] Pitt-Rivers visited this site as Inspector in August 1884, see 2012.79.1.76 (a sketch of the entrance to the Hall, by W.S. Tomkin, part of an album ‘Our Ancient Monuments’, held by the Pitt Rivers Museum)

[4] Probably Arthur Hay, 9th Marquess of Tweeddale (1824-1878) soldier and ornithologist. See here.

[5] Probably William Montagu Hay, 10th Marquess of Tweeddale (1826-1911), landowner and politician. See here.

--------------------------------------------

Badbury Rings

Box 1/ B4

[Badbury Rings]

Rushmore

Salisbury Feb 3 1887

Dear Mr Banks [1]

I enclose you a copy of the Ancient Monuments Act. I think you are quite right to put Badbury under it as you will see by the preface which is official that it does not interfere with rights of property or establish any right of way but it is certainly one of the most important camps in the county & ought to be dedicated to posterity. When I receive a letter from you to that effect I will [illegible] ask the Office of Works & [2 words illegible] receive a form for your signature

Yours very truly

A Pitt Rivers

[Badbury Rings]

[Kingston Lacy / Wimborne]

8th Feby.

Dear General Pitt Rivers

Thank you so much for sending a copy of the Ancient Monuments Act I have only just returned here & received it so have not had time to read it through carefully yet – I am not starting off again so will not decide in a hurry about placing Badbury under the act With kindest regards

Believe me

Yrs very truly

Ralph Bankes

Notes

[1] [Walter] Ralph Bankes, 1853-1904, the owner of Kingston Lacy estate (which included this monument)

------------------------------------------------

Barbury Castle

Box 1/ B7

[4 Grosvenor Gardens S.W.]

June 17th 1884

Your Grace

In conformity with your wish that I should put in writing the subject of my verbal communication on Saturday last I now write to enquire whether it is your wish to place that part of Barbury Castle in Wiltshire which is on your property under the protection of the Ancient Monuments Act. The earthworks are at present in good preservation and it is the object of the act to secure them being handed down to posterity in the same condition

I have the honour to be

Your most obedient servant

A Pitt Rivers

Lt General

Inspector of Ancient Monuments

His Grace

The Duke of Marlborough [1]

--------

Copy of letter to Duke of Marlborough on Barbury Castle [2]

[4 Grosvenor Gardens, S.W.]

June 17th 1884

Your Grace

In conformity with your wish that I should put in writing the subject of my verbal communication on Saturday last I now write to enquire whether it is your wish to place Barbury Castle part of that part of Barbury Castle in Berkshire [insert] Wiltshire [end insert] which is on your property under the protection of the Ancient Monuments Act. The earthworks are at present in good preservation and it is the object of the act to secure them being handed down to posterity in the same condition

I have the honour to be

Your most obedient servant

A Pitt Rivers

Lt General

Inspector of Ancient Monuments

---------

[Estates Office / Blenheim Palace / Woodstock]

2nd July 1884

Sir

I am requested by the Duke of Marlborough to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 17th ulto: With respect to the request contained therein I must ask you to allow the matter to remain over for a short time as negotiations are now on foot for disposing of the property.

I am Sir

Your obedt sevt

C.H. Waldon [3]

--------

Lt Genl A Pitt Rivers

Her Majesty’s Office of Works

Whitehall Place

[Overtown, Swindon]

June 25th 84

Dear Sir

I am very much obliged to you for the trouble you took with the sand from the Hill close to Barbury Castle.

My mother’s agent has been communicated with as to the Castle being placed under the Act and upon seeing his reply I will at once write to you

Believe me dear Sir

Yrs truly

Henry Kemble [4]

----------

[Barbury Castle]

[Overtown, Swindon]

July 3rd 84

My dear Sir

Mrs Kemble has written to me this morning to say that after considering the matter very fully she would prefer not having her portion of Barbury Castle placed under the act of 1882.

With kind regards

Believe me

Yrs truly

Henry Kemble

General Pitt Rivers

------------

[Barbury Castle]

Clyffe Vicarage

Wootton Bassett

Sept 8 1896

[Ansd Sept 10/96]

Dear Gen Pitt Rivers

Can you tell me whether Barbury Castle is under the Ancient Monuments Act. Part of it has recently been sold, I think it belong prevly [?previously][sic] to Mr Kemble – and now to a Mr Thomas [5] – by whose consent I suppose rubble is at this moment being dug in the outer Bank and Ditch – a scar having been cut in the inner Bank. This .. [illegible] they ought not to go on if we can in any way stop it

I am

faithfully yours

Ed. H. Goddard [6]

Notes

[1] George Charles Spencer-Churchill, 8th Duke of Marlborough (1844-1892) see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Spencer-Churchill,_8th_Duke_of_Marlborough

[2] This appears to be the draft copy of the same letter as the first, which appears to be a clean, amended copy

[3] Possibly Charles?

[4] Henry Kemble (1852-1893) Estate agent, and JP, of Overton or Overtown, Swindon [Listed on page 13 of Alumni Cantabrigienses: A Biographical List of All Known Students ..., Volume 2.

[5] Henry Kemble (who presumably inherited the castle from his mother, died in 1893 so presumably the castle was passed to his eldest son, Henry Maule Kemble (1877-1948) who must have sold it to Mr Thomas.

[6] Reverend Edward Hungerford Goddard, member of the Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Society. Religious, Natural Historian, Amateur, Archaeologist. Clubs: Society of Antiquaries, Wiltshire Archaeological & Natural History. He donated material to the Pitt Rivers Museum.

--------------------------------------------------

Coldrum

Box 1/ C1

19 May 92

To Lt Genl Pitt Rivers F.R.S. &c

Sir

Could you go to Coldrum [1] with me one day next week or the week after? If you will kindly fix the date & come by the 10 a.m. train from Victoria to Chatham. I can see to the rest. We can then drive from here it is only 10 miles. I have asked two or three friends to join us, Gelt Goodenough who is in command here, Col French the Director of the Artillery College at Woolwich & Mr Leveson-Gower They are all looking forward to the day. Trusting you are well.

I remain

Yours obedly

George Payne [3]

-------------

Copy (July 11/99) [sic]

Extract from G.P.’s letter to the Genl: Nov. 11, 1889 [sic]

“Have you seen the Megaliths at Coldrum? There are 34 lying together, 15 in a circle, a dolmen with the capstone broken and lying between the upright stones; the rest scattered around. It is a remarkable group. I intend interviewing the owner to try and get him to cut down the straw which hides the stones.”

[Crest]

The Precinct

Rochester

July 30/ 91

To Lt Genl Pitt-Rivers F.R.S. &c

Sir

When shall you be able to go to Coldrum? I should be so glad if you could manage it within a week or two. You could come down to Chatham by a fast train in the morning then we could drive direct from threre. Any day you fix will do for me & I hope it will suit Genl Goodenough and Mr Leveson Gower

Yr’s [sic] obed’ly

George Payne

[Coldrum Anc. Mons]

9 Sep 1891

To Lt Genl Pitt-Rivers F.R.S. &c

Sir

I was very glad to get your letter. I was with Genl Dawson-Scott [4] on Saturday and asked if he would arrange for one of the R.E. officers to survey Coldrum for us & he readily consented to do so, this will therefore do away with the necessity of your bringing an assistant. I should be thankful to get the matter closed while the “iron is hot,” when convenient, as I want to get on with Richboro’ and I might require money for Coldrum first

Yours obedly

George Payne

---------

[Ansd Sept 8/91]

[Crest]

The Precinct

Rochester

Aug 27. 91

To Lt Genl Pitt-Rivers F.R.S. &c

Sir

You will be pleased to hear that I have obtained the consent of both owner and tenant of Coldrum to place the dolmen & cromlech there under the Anc. Mon Act – Yesterday I made all arrangements with the tenant on the spot & he agreed to all I suggested. I have been expecting to hear from you but hope that you will be able to come down in a few days to visit the remains with me. In my last letter I gave you the best train to come to Chatham by – Kindly give me a little notice as I promised Genl Goodenough, Col French & Mr Leveson Gower that they should have the chance of joining us. I shall require to know how far the Government will go in the matter of money for fending clearing & strengthening Coldrum, as if they will not supply enough funds I can get the remainder. As I am the only man living who has ever troubled about Coldrum I am anxious to do the thing properly & shall be glad to help in any way in my power.

Yrs’ [sic] obedly

George Payne

-----------

[Ansd June 18/94]

[99, Linden Gardens, Bayswater. Station, Notting Hill Gate.]

June 16th 1894

My dear Sir,

I venture to bring to your notice the fact that “Coldrum Lodge” is very much in need of proper care Many of the stones have fallen over the bank to the Eastward, & unless something is done the upright stones facing to N.E. will probably come down. Rodents too help in the demolition of this most valuable monument of the past. A couple of pieces of bone (about which I have not yet had an opinion) which I found partly beneath the surface, just under the upright stones, I have given to Mr Francis Galton. [5] Road makers have made away with the avenue of stones from Rospith Hill (near Ightham) [insert] towards Blue Bell Hill [end insert]; [6] & I know your interest in the remains of the remains [sic] of the stone circles etc. to be so great that I at once adopt Mr Galton’s suggestion to communicate with you for the sake of the preservation of Coldrum Lodge. Every demolishing influence cannot be put away & last year a steam roller ran away & nearly knocked down “Kits Coty House”, but ordinary care can of course be taken & such is all that is needed in respect of Coldrum Lodge.

I am &c

Yours truly

Fred. Fawcett. [7]

Genrl Pitt Rivers F.R.S.

Notes

[1] Coldrum, a megalithic longbarrow in Kent near West Malling.

[2] Probably William Howley Goodenough (1833-1898) of the Royal Artillery, Colonel French cannot be identified, and Granville William Gresham Leveson-Gower (1838–1895)? According to http://theweald.org/N10.asp?Nid=2637 Granville William Gresham Leveson-Gower was born on 25th February 1838 at Titsey Place, Oxted, the eldest son of William Gresham Leveson-Gower and Emily Josephine Eliza Leveson-Gower nee Doyle. Granville's grandfather William had married Katherine Maria Gresham in 1804 and she inherited the Titsey estate which had been in the Gresham family since 1534. Granville became the squire of Titsey through most of the second half of the nineteenth century. He built St. James's Church at Titsey and considerably remodelled the house and the garden, continuing the work begun by his grandfather William in the 1820s. He decorated the house with the heraldry of the Gresham, Leveson and Gower families and over a twelve year period compiled the Genealogy of the Family of Gresham, privately printed in 1883. He was an enthusiastic historian and archaeologist, a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries who wrote many papers on local history and excavated two Roman sites on the Titsey Estate. He was also active in public life, sitting for many years as MP for Reigate. He married Sophia, daughter of Lord Leigh of Stoneleigh Abbey and raised a large family of fifteen children.

[3] George Payne (1848-1920), member of the Kent Archaeological Society and disciple of Charles Roach Smith. Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries. Director of Rochester Museum.

[4] Lieutenant-General R.N. Dawson-Scott Royal Engineers

[5] Sir Francis Galton (1822-1911) Biostatistician, human geneticist and eugenist, see http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/33315

[6] I cannot identify Rospith Hill site

[7] Frederick Fawcett (1853- )worked for the police service in India and was an amateur archaeologist see http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Indian_Biographical_Dictionary_(1915)/Fawcett,_Frederick.

-----------------------------------------------------

Whithorn (see also Photograph database 2012.79.1.99-101, 106-7.) & Kirkmadrine (see also photos database 2012.79.1.102)

Box 1/ M2

[Crest]

The Airlour,

Whanphill,

24 Oct. 1888

My dear General Rivers

I agree with you that the “Peter’s Stone” [1] should go to the Priory Ruins and be [illegible] there with the other relics.

It was proposed to do so some years ago and at that time, I objected because I believed then that it stood on the original site and marked some boundary or chapel. Since then I have ascertained that of it formerly stood on an adjacent farm and was removed in process of agricultural improvement.

I will see and get it done.

I am glad to say that in pro...ing [word illegible] it to be the only stone with the [symbol] attached to the upper limb of the cross. The three crosses at Kirkmadrine, which I think you took under your protection two years ago, have each the same characteristic. Mr. M. Stewart [2] M.P. is now having these protected by a shelter erected under the competent direction of Mr. Wm. Galloway, the best archaeological architect for early Christian remains with which I am acquainted.

A Royal Commission? Hum; I am afraid I cannot move in that, as the Treasury think we have had too many already, but if Sir John Lubbock will do so, he will have my hearty concurrence I will talk with him anon.

I am

Yours very truly

Herbert Eustace Maxwell [3]

----------------------

Box 1/ G1

I w’d bring plans & elevations of tenement with me

Whithorn

Wigtownshire

April 11th 1892

Dear Sir,

It is with much pleasure I have received your favour of Saturday, and am sorry to learn you have been so unwell and trust you are now quite convalescent.

I have of late been fully intending to go up to London and if necessary to Salisbury, to consult with you as to the state of matters both here and at Kirkmadrine it being necessary at both places that we should have the benefit of your kind advice and decision.

In our previous correspondence [insert] I mentioned [end insert] that the Marquis of Bute [4] had become proprietor of a small tenement & garden immediately adjoining the Churchyard, and that if matters could be satisfactorily arranged between his Lordship and the Board of Works, this would be out of sight, the best place for the preservation and exhibition of the monuments now under the charge of the Board as well as for other things.

Altho the tenement is only about 160 years old his Lordship is very pleased to own it and I dont think he would be at all agreeable to surrender the property.

All the same the H... [illegible] who still regard themselves as interested in the Monuments, would not be at all willing that they should be located under a private roof and some expressions of opinion have been made that way already. It would perhaps be too great a stretch of generosity to ask the Marquis to hand the building over to the [same illegible word] but perhaps some arrangement could be come to between his Lordship and the Board of Works by which the building should be for all time under its guardianship as a Museum.

At Kirkmadrine [5] the Chapel and alcove are practically completed but under great difficulty and delay due to Mrs Stewarts [6] persistent efforts to arrest the building at some stage or other, and make it an imitative ruin.

The stones would have been in their places, and all closed in, were it not that she positively stopped the work of forming a low retaining wall to carry a railing, and so enclose the precincts of the alcove, against mischievous [insert] persons [end insert] and what is equally necessary against burials. Matters like these are however much better gone into personally. Various matters detain me here at present, but if you return to Rushmore from London, I could see you there after the holiday

Yours most truly W. Galloway [7]

----------

Box 1/ G1

3 Chiswick Place

High Road, Chiswick

May 6th 1892

Dear Sir,

I have got thus far on my way South, and if convenient for you purpose leaving on Monday 9th and would arrive at Tisbury [8] per afternoon train, and so make my way to Rushmore.

I have just received from Mrs Stewart a statement and sketch of what she proposes as to the fencing in of the alcove so that we will have something definite for consideration. The monuments would thus be in so far protected, but the precincts of the alcove would be left entirely open to the grave-digging propensities of Dick, Tom, and Harry.

Mr. and Mrs Stewart entirely forgot that we have to arrange not for a few years, but for the exigencies of all of the time, and no spot can be secured from the possibility of being used sometime or other for interment excepting a definite enclosure.

Trusting that the above arrangements may be agreeable to you.

I am

Yours most truly

W. Galloway

General Pitt-Rivers

Rushmore, Salisbury

----------

Box 1/ G1

[Galloway]

Salisbury

May 11th 1892

Dear Sir,

As I should be moving about here for a few days seeing Amesbury Stonehenge, Old Sarum &c &c. I forgot to mention that if by chance any letters should be directed to me at Rushmore I will be much obliged if they be redirected to the Post Office here, to lie till called for.

There may be some and trust you will kindly excuse this trouble.

I find that the cream coloured drapery you spoke of for lining of tent-roof is called “Ecru” and is to be had here (David Stevens) in 30 inch breadth, at 63/4d per yard or less taking piece. This is straight edged, and without bordering, and thus more suitable for joining together, than that I made with scolloped or wavy edges for draping windows

The drive was most delightful this morning. The weather glorious in every respect save for the parched ground and sharp frost I believe there was last night. I do trust we have some genial and refreshing rains, or it will be fine weather at the wrong time.

I do trust also you may have your health again thoroughly re-established, and with many thanks for all your kindness, of which I shall ever retain a most agreeable remembrance

I am

Yours most truly

William Galloway

General Pitt Rivers

Rushmore

Salisbury

-----------

Box 1/ G1

[Ansd July 2/92]

3 Chiswick Place

High Road, Chiswick

London June 29th 1892

Dear Sir,

Being again in town for a short time I called at No 4 Grosvenor Gardens [9], but found you are not expected to return this season. I was anxious to learn somewhat as to the Memorandums you were so kind as mention that you would favour us with as to that trouble some Kirkmadrine and the much more manageable Rend House at Whithorn. I am extremely sorry so to trouble you but I fear Mr and Mrs Stewart will think I am neglecting the work dreadfully, although it was their own fault stopping it.

In such an exposed locality the summer season is our best for getting on.

I think it is a very great pity but we could some way or other get rid of that odious proposition to have an inside grille and in lieu thereof fall back on the original idea of an enclosed railing

I have never had to do with a thing that gave me so much trouble. At Whithorn my advice has been followed in almost everything. At Kirkmadrine it has been obstruction from beginning to end, and that on the most fatuous grounds, of which this objection to an external railing is only one. Trusting you will kindly excuse this trouble I am

Yours most truly

W. Galloway

--------

Box 1/ G1

[Drawings returned Sep. 17/92.]

Whithorn

Wigtonshire, N.B.

Aug. 26th 1892

My dear Sir

I duly received your kind favour of the 2nd ult. and was sorry you could not see your way to intervene especially at Kirkmadrine. I am just going across there tomorrow, to see and get the stones set upon their places. It will require some engineering, as they are of great weight, and in a very contracted space, it will be a dead lift to the top of the bench. We will have to do it I think with block and tackle inside the alcove.

I have just had a note from Sir Mark Stewart [2] and will let him know what you kindly state as to the subsidy.

I have been expecting Mr C.G. Shaw the Marquis of Bute’s factor here, for some time. He had a paralytic stroke in Spring which may make him more wary of moving about. If he does not come soon I will write about the House for the Monuments.

Before getting the stones built into the Alcove at Kirkmadrine I am anxious to have all my drawings of them completed. The two which you have are I think very partially finished. If you could kindly let me have them for a short time I would return them again in a more complete state and with whatever sections you may think desirable.

I have just been or rather am corresponding with Professor George Stephens of Copenhagen [10] about Monuments carved or produced by means of dabbed work or a pick, as is so frequently the case here. He cites the “Rock figure carvings” of the Bronze period as being produced in a similar manner. It is curious [insert] to [end insert] find a distinctively pagan period in Scandinavia working in the same way as an equally distinctive Xian period here.

May I ask what your experience in this way is? Have you found picked or dabbed work elsewhere than here? It really is a question as to tools, chisel or pick. Those who used the pick did not know of the chisel, those who had the latter would not use the other. My address for a short while will be West Carnweill, Sandhead by Stranraer

Yours most truly

W. Galloway

---------

Box 1/ G1

Whithorn

Wigtonshire

Sept 19th 1892

Dear Sir

I am much obliged for the two drawings so kindly forwarded per Mr Gray, [11] and am afraid they would supply very inadequate materials for models. After having got on a certain length at the Chapel, we had to suspend work owing to the entire absorption of labour in harvesting operations.

We however got the two monoliths successfully placed in the alcove without the slightest flaw or accident.

They now show their entire length, save an inch or two, let into the bench They rest on back blocks of freestone, and are bedded on them in Cement so I trust they will require no iron or metal fastenings of any kind.

Before setting them up I took a cast (matrix) in plaster of Paris of the Chi-Rho monogram on back of No. 1 stone as altho’ visible it will not be so easily got at again. I intend also to make casts of the carved parts of the two stones of which you have sent the drawings before they are bedded into the wall of alcove.

Mr Gray informs me you have been making excavations in the Park at Rushmore. [12] I do trust you have found much to reward your labours, and to add to the Collections of which I entertain such agreeable recollections.

I am

Yours most truly

W. Galloway

Lieut General Pitt Rivers

Rushmore

Salisbury

------------

Box 1/ C4

[49, Lennox Gardens S.W.]

[Crest]

The Airlour,

Whanphill,

Wigtonshire,

6 Sept. 1897.

Dear General Pitt-Rivers,

I want your counsel on the following matter.

The ruined Chapel at the Isle of Whithorn—St Ninian’s Chapel of the Isle [13]—is in danger of falling to pieces altogether, unless something is done to stay the mischief. The interest which we have succeeded in raising for objects of antiquity has this deplorable effect among others -- that it incites idle or curious people to pull [insert] them [end insert] about, [section scored out] either in hopes of finding something or to carry away relics.

Now, of course I am aware that you have no funds to administer under the A.M. Act: what I want to know is this-- Can you sanction the application of a fund which I am collecting to the repairing and preservation of this chapel, which is scheduled under the Act. Lord Bute has contributed £100, and I daresay I can collect £60 or £70 more. I should like to point the walls, replace fallen [insert] or stolen [end insert] stones, and, if possible, put a roof on the building to secure it against further decay.

Will you tell me how we should proceed to obtain your sanction?

Yours very truly

Herbert Maxwell

Notes

[1] Peter’s Stone is at Whithorn, see http://www.scotlandsplaces.gov.uk/record/rcahms/63128/whithorn-st-peter-stone/rcahms

[2] Mark Stewart – Mark John MacTaggart-Stewart, 1st Baronet (1834-1923) Tory MP for Kirkcudbrightshire see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_MacTaggart-Stewart.

[3] Herbert Eustace Maxwell (1845-1937) see

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_Herbert_Maxwell,_7th_Baronet, Scottish novelist and Conservative MP for Wigtownshire from 1880-1906.

[4] Lord Bute, presumably John Patrick Crichton-Stuart, 3rd Marquess of Bute (1847-1900)

[5] Kirkmadrine, see http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/propertyresults/propertydetail.htm?PropID=PL_188.

[6] For Stewart involvement at Kirkmadrine, see http://www.gravestonepix.com/contents1a/2010/08/mactaggart-stewarts-of-ardwell/. See also [2] above

[7] William Galloway (1840-1927), mining engineer, ironmaster etc see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_William_Galloway

[8] Tisbury was the nearest railway station to Rushmore, Pitt-Rivers country estate.

[9] 4, Grosvenor Gardens was Pitt-Rivers’ London home.

[10] George Stephens (1813-1895) see http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Stephens,_George_(1813-1895)_(DNB00)

[11] Harold St George Gray, Pitt-Rivers’ secretary.

[12] This is possibly South Lodge Camp, though that was not supposed to hav started until the Spring of 1893?

[13] St Ninians Chapel see http://www.whithorn.com/index.asp. See also photos database 2012.79.1.99 etc

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Box 1/ C5

[Ansd]

[Talygarn, Llantrissant]

16th Jany 1888

Dear General Pitt-Rivers

You are so acute, & at the same time so courteous a critic that I am tempted to write to you upon what you said at Downton [1] when you led the the th [sic] Arch’l Institute last summer. You quote me as of opinion that the works were ‘Pre-Saxon; late Belgic.’ Looking back at my paper on the ‘Earthworks of the Wiltshire Avon’ [2] I see that my words fully justify the sense you ascribe to them, which, nevertheless, I did not so intend. I say ‘Downton belongs to a later age, and at the earliest to a period when the Belgic were no longer invaders but .... stood at bay ... against a more terrible foe than even the B...’ [word illegible]

The fact is I meant to attribute the earlthworks to the Saxons, at the period when they were driving back the Belgic Britons and settling upon the newly conquered territory.

It matters very little what I thought or wrote, but I have always expected the Saxon origin of these moated mounds, from a time when I was almost the only person who said so—It is because I observe that you hold this view that I trouble you with these lines.

I am very glad you spoke at Old Sarum. I wish the Wiltshire Arch. would clear the inner circle & the posten Popeye [?!] and lay down the whole once more in turf, the grain crop on that land, at present prices, cannot be very productive.

I remain

&c &c

very truly yrs

Geo. T. Clark [3]

Maj Genl Pitt Rivers

The old Cathedral foundations are now covered up. ‘Tis a pity they cannot be laid open & little asphalt or [illegible] with brick. This has been done by [2 words illegible] at Cardiff by the [2 words illegible] at [1 word illegible] with great success

------------

[Ansd]

[Talygarn, Llantrissant]

26th Jany 1888

Dear General Rivers

I have just returned from a visit to Cleve Hall [?] & I find your sumptuous and very welcome present, for which many thanks. I have often speculated upon those mixed Roman and British earthworks, and felt sure the truth was to be unfolded by liberal & judicious digging, but I never expected to see means & skill combined as at Rushmore. [4]

The mixed Romano-British period is one of great interest, of which little is known, & much, by digging, might be known. I suppose there was a considerable intermarriage between the soldiers & camp followers and the natives, as there was between the Cromwellians & natives in Ireland, but if or how was it that the mixed breeds did not take more to the stronger & more civilized race? How is it that we have no British masonry, nothing beyond drywalling. Often indeed excellent work, but quite as often earlier than the Roman invasion, or, as in West Ireland, beyond its sway. I can understand a hard people like the Scandinavians preferring timber -- but the Celtic race never used the sea.

I should like to turn your attention to some earthworks which I regard as Romano-British; that is as the work of the Britons after the departure of the Legions; such as Wareham, Tamworth, Wallingford, Cardiff, Hereford [?], and Castle [illegible]

These earthworks are far larger & the ditches certainly deeper than was common with the Romans, who found masonry for large work more economical. Also no considerable Roman remains are found within them. They do not stand on any great Roman ways, & tradition has never suffixed to them the term ‘Cester’.

But in plan they are more or less rectangular, the angles moreover less rounded, they are on low ground, their erections are often in the middle of a side, and they are placed upon the bank of a river, are open or less strongly defended on that side, as was often the Roman practise. Mostly they are placed as for the general defence of a district. For these reasons they seem to me the work of the Britons after the departure of the Romans and when attacked by the Northern Picts and the coast-[word illegible] Scandinavian pirates from them to defend themselves.

In each of the above cases the position was [insert] afterwards [end insert] occupied by the Saxons, & a Moated Mound, evidently an addition, thrown up – also later on the Normans [word illegible] the mount with a [word illegible] keep or built an [word illegible] wall on each of the banks as [illegible] them

I am afraid your sights of Chase [word illegible] entered to Wareham more of these [several words illegible] but my word, I think repay an outlay which from the British, Saxon, or Norman point of view. I read your sketch & the [words illegible] the paper with no such intent for I remember the [words illegible] when the Chase was dis... [word illegible] & I was at school with Beechfield often I [several words illegible]

When your book came I was on the point of dispatching [several words illegible] which now I hesitate to send, lest I should appear to place them in the balance with your greater. I [several words illegible

I remain

[words illegible]

Geo. T Clarke

[apologies for the gaps in comprehension, the writing is very small and very scrawly, it was presumably written in haste but enough is readable to get the sense.]

Notes

[1] Downton Moot see http://www.wiltshire.gov.uk/artsheritageandlibraries/museumhistoryheritage/wiltshireandswindonhistoricenvironmentrecord/wshermap.htm?a=d&id=305

[2] Clark (George Thomas). ‘The earthworks of the Wiltshire Avon, Old Sarum, and Downton’. Arch. Journ. xxxii. 290-309.

[3] George Thomas Clark (1809-1898) Surgeon and engineer, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G._T._Clark

[4] Presumably Pitt-Rivers had sent him a copy of Pitt-Rivers, A.H.L.F. 1888. Excavations in Barrows near Rushmore. Excavations in the Romano-British village Rotherly. Excavations in Cranborne Chase vol II, Rushmore, Privately printed.

--------------------------------------------------------

Box 1/E2

[Evans]

[Nash MIlls, Hemel Hempstead]

April 10 1891

My dear Pitt-Rivers

You will have heard from Mr Hope that the Memorial as to models was sent in some little time ago and that an acknowledgement of it has been received I have not come across Mr W.H. Smith since it was delivered. I am much of your opinion as to the practical difficulties that may arise if the Ancient Monuments Act were extended to medieval buildings. There are however certain cases in which the Government might well be called on to intervene. There will be no harm in trying to get a declaration of opinion on the matter out of the Treasury.

Shall you be in London on the 23rd [2]

Yours most try [sic, presumably truly]

John Evans

Notes

[1] Possibly William Henry Smith (1825-1891) politician, English bookseller and son of the eponymous chain of shops owner, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Henry_Smith_(1825–1891)

[2] Pitt-Rivers was elected vice-President of the Society of Antiquaries, it was this meeting to which Evans was presumably referring? See The Times 25 April 1891.

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Box 1/ G2

[Baring-Gould Ansd Dec. 5/95]

Low Trenchard

N. Devon

Nov. 30/ 95

Dear Sir

I was this week at S. Germain en Lay[e] going over the Musee des Antiquités materials, [1] after a time in Maine et Loire, Charente and Vienne, planning the dolmens &c. I had a talk with S. Reinach [2] & A. Bertrand [3] the conservator & directors under government, & they expressed to me the great desire they had for the library of the museum to possess your archaeological works, which has long been wanted by them, but which they have been unable to procure. They were shy of writing to you about it, & were much relieved when I undertook to do so, -- as representatives of the Government, they feel not like to ask & meet with a refusal. Do you know the musée, it is magnificent. I have had great help from Messrs Bertrand & Reinach, who have written me an open letter expressing their great interest in the work I am engaged in – planning the dolmens & stone rows & cromlechs (circles) of the French departments, & hoping I may be helped by the officials &c. This letter not only relieves me from annoyance, but gets me great assistance.

I took this month careful plan & measurements of the famous C....ens [illegible] chapel dolmens. Sir H. Dryden [4] & Lukis [5] had already done so, but as I was doing Charente, I could but visit it, & the French archaeologists dispute the carved axes on the capstone Lukis found. They are there but not cut but rubbed I believe with sand & a stick. As to Fergusson’s nonsense about it being a medieval dolmen, it will not hold water. The pillars supporting the huge capstone are composed each of 4 pieces, it would be all but impossible to inject [?] all [illegible] of each on such slender props; the sides were rein... in the 13th century, one by one, & pillars put in their place. So only could the thing be done. The pillars are not of the same dimensions and there are triggers between abacces [?] and the stone

Yours truly

S. Baring Gould

[Running vertically along central fold] Would you like a sight of my plans? I have the Lot & Corrèze plans the new ones are not yet complete

[2 drawings, one of 2 pillars supporting a horizontal large capstone, and one of a close-up of the join between the pillars and the stone

Notes

[1] St Germain en Laye: its chateau is now home to the Musée d'Archéologie (previously Antiquités) Nationale http://www.musee-archeologienationale.fr

[2] Salomon Reinach (1858-1932) French archaeologist and museum director, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salomon_Reinach

[3] Alexandre Louis Joseph Bertrand (1820-1902) French archaeologit, founder of the "Musée d'Archéologie Nationale" in Saint-Germain-en-Laye, its director until his death in 1902.

[4] Henry Edward Leigh Dryden, (1818-1899) archaeologist and antiquary, see http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/60772.

[5] Reverend William Collings Lukis (1817-1892) he surveyed the megalithic monuments in Brittany

-----------------------------------------------------------------

Glenelg

Box 1/ G3

[Engagements in the country on Friday & Saturday [sic]]

[Royal Bank Buildings, Grantown]

9th Sept 1884

Lieut General Pitt-Rivers

4 Grosvenor Gardens

London S.W.

Dear Sir

Glenelg

I called at the Hotel this morning after I had the pleasure of seeing you, but the Hotelkeeper told me you had not left copy of the Act. Kindly say what you desire with reference to the “monuments” in the little Glen and I will get Mr Baillie’s direction

Yours respectfully

[illegible] Grant

---------

Copy

[Crest]

Rushmore

Salisbury

11 Sept. 84

Dear Sir,

I enclose herewith a copy of the Act with a preface which is official and will explain better than anything the nature of the Act. The Monuments in question are including in the Schedule “Scotland” as the “Pictish Towers of Glenelg”. [1] All it is proposed to do is to place one or two stones round each Monument to define the area placed under the protection of the Commrs [commissioners] of Works. No restoration is contemplated, nor does the Act interfere in any way with ownership or establish any right of way. On hearing from you that Mr Baillie wishes to avail himself of the Act, I will have the usual papers forwarded to you from the Office of Works

Believe me

Yours truly

A. Pitt Rivers

-----------

[Engagements in the country on Friday & Saturday [sic]]

[Royal Bank Buildings, Grantown]

15th Sept 1884

Dear Sir

Glenelg

I sent your note of last week and copy Act to Mr Baillie of Dochfour Proprietor of Glenelg. He writes in reply “In answer to your letters I am quite willing that the Government should take charge of the monuments at Glenelg under the Act.”

I hope this is satisfactory satisfactory [sic] to you

Yours faithfully

[illegible] Grant

Lieut Genl Pitt Rivers

Govmt Inspr of Anct Monuments

4 Grosvenor Gardens

London SW

-------------------

Box 1/ G4

Anc: Mons

Asylum House

Inverness [2]

Oct 7th 1885

Dear General Rivers

I have not lost sight of the object in which you are so interested but since my return Mr Bailey [sic][3] has been from home. The moment, however, he comes back I shall call & lay the matter fully before him. I have since I had the pleasure of seeing you ascertained also that his Grandfather [4] was very much annoyed at injury done to the Towers at Glenelg [1] & this may help a little. At present I suspect it will be better to let the owner of Clava [5] alone as there are a good number of vexed public questions coming up here at present in which he is more interested than in Archaeology. I do not intend, however, to give it up when a more favourable opportunity offers & I hope Lord Rentons agent will be able to carry out his good intentions at Inverurie. [6]

The model of the Solid Wheeled Cart I shall have made the moment I am certain I cannot get a real one. [7] I am going to conduct an excursion on Saturday week, if the weather is fine, to Ab... [illegible] & I may then have something of one to purchase. If out my illegible & I will spend a day in the search & should this not lead to anything I shall have one made after consultation with competent people.

When at Moffat I visited the fort marked on the ordinance map. [8] They run chiefly oval in form [?] & made of mud & Stones though the length you could not call them walls are in some cases being gradually obliterated. There are also “Three Stannin Stanes” on the way to Bulloch [?] which I take to be the remains of a fine Druidual Circle though the only tradition in connection with it is associated with a fight between a brother of the Earl of Moray & some of the adherents of Baliol [sic]

When can I see Mr Bailey I shall write to you at once & with kind regards

I am

Yours very faithfully

Thos Aitken [9]

Lieut General Pitt Rivers

Rushmore

Salisbury

---------

[Answered]

Asylum House

Inverness

21st Oct 1885

Dear General Rivers

I saw the Bruce Baillie [10] yesterday & had a conversation with him about the Towers in Glenelg He seems very favourably inclined as to your notes & perhaps you would forward another Schedule or Form such as you left with Mr Grant. In dong this would you write along with this document further explaining what you desire as I ventured to promise you would do this and I think it would confirm Mr Baillie in his good intentions. If also it was quite convenient would you kindly do this at once in case he might come into contact with any of the proprietors about him who are not inclined to favor [sic] the Act.

I ought to mention that Mr Grant [11] did give Mr Baillie the Schedule but unfortunately he was unacquainted with your address & did not know where to write it

I write this hurriedly so that it may go by the next post & that this matter may not pass out of Mr Baillies mind before he hears from you

I am

Yours very faithfully

Thos Aitken

Lieut General Pitt Rivers

Rushmore

Salisbury

Notes

[1] Brochs, Dun Telve and Dun Troddan see http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/propertyresults/propertydetail.htm?PropID=PL_142

[2] The house of the superintendent at Craig Dunain asylum, Thomas Aitken, see end, see http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/details/776667/

[3] Not identified

[4] Not identified

[5] Clava, see http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/propertyresults/propertydetail.htm?PropID=PL_067

[6] Lord Renton cannot be identified, the site may be Easter Acquhorthies Stone Circle see http://www.aberdeenshire.gov.uk/smrpub/shire/detail.aspx?refno=NJ72SW0009

[7] This may be an attempt to provide Pitt-Rivers with a model or real solid wheeled Scottish cart for his ethnographic collection, however no such cart is listed in the Cambridge University Library held catalogues of the Pitt-Rivers second collection (this does not definitively mean one was not provided though)

[8] Probably http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/48397/details/coats+hill/

[9] Thomas Aitken, Physician Superintendent at Craig Dunain Asylum, Inverness from 1864 to 1892. See http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/details/776667/. He was a founder member of the Inverness Scientific Society and Field Club

[10] Possibly James Evan Bruce Baillie (1859-1931) of Dochfour, who was a Unionist MP for Invernessshire from 1895 see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Evan_Bruce_Baillie

[11] Presumably the same Grant who wrote Box 1/ G3?

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Box 1/ G6

Durham 29 March 1883

My dear Fox

I will make out a list of some few monuments which I think are of equal if not greater importance than many of those included in the Schedule and will send it you before long.

I am sorry I cannot say much for the Act, but I daresay it is as much at present as could be obtained from Parliament.

All permissive Acts are in my opinion delusions, and I doubt many people will place monuments in the hands of the Commissioners.

We are in the middle of Xmas instead of being past Easter

Yours very truly

W. Greenwell

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Box 1/ H2

[Hadleigh Castle]

2 St James’ Square S.W.

My dear General

The enclosed speaks for itself. I do not know whether anything can be done.

We came up yesterday. The children are much the better for the sea air, but Alice cannot shake off her head aches, which make me rather anxious.

I am

Yours very sincerely

John Lubbock

----------

[this is the enclosed letter with above]

Castle House, Hadleigh, Essex. 24/3/95

Sir,

Unless some steps are immediately taken the Salvation Army people here will seriously impair the existing remains of old Hadleigh Castle. They are now excavating in the bailey and undermining a leaning boundary wall with the intention of using the stones for mending the Colony roads. Nothing is sacred to them—shaped stones and rag stones lie in heaps ready for removal. I am only a Colonel, and do not exactly know whom to move – whether District Council or Archaeological Society – and this must be my apology for troubling you.

Your obedient Servant

Frederic Johnson

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Box 1/ H3

[Answered]

[Hampshire Field Club

Established 1885

Hartley Institution

Southampton]

May 15th 1886

Dear Sir,

If I am not asking too great a favour, it would be of much interest to this Club if you would kindly inform me whether any additions [insert] (relating to this County) [end insert] to the Ancient Monuments Protection Act 1882, have been made under Section 10 of the Act to the Schedule under Section 11? which relating to the County

Last year I had the satisfaction of taking this Club to four Ancient Earthworks in Hampshire viz those on St Catherine’s Hill Winchester, Beacon Hill Highclere, Old Winchester Hill, Meonstoke, & Buckland Rings nr Lymington--& on our visit to Silchester next week – the question of whether the Walls of Silchester are not an Ancient Monument worthy of preservation will arise.

The Original Schedule of the Act of 1882 contains no Hampshire Earthwork or other Ancient Monuments.

I have visited all or almost all such monuments in this county & I am desirous that the Hampshire Field Club should do what is possible & ensure their preservation.

I am

Dear Sir

Yours very truly

Tho W Shore [1]

Hon Sec

General Pitt Rivers FRS

--------------

[Copy]

[Rushmore, Salisbury]

May 16 86

Dear Sir

I was glad to receive your letter on the subject of Ancient Monuments. I think that a local society can do no better service than yr. endeavouring to [illegible] the list for the preservation of monuments, the machinery now creaks but it can only be worked by persons from without, what we understand as government in this country is a body amenable to pressure. the act as you know relates only at present to prehistoric monuments but there is nothing in it that I can see to prevent Roman or even medieval monuments from being included if the owners wish it and the Commissioners of Works can be induced to accept them. the list as you know is purely permissive [?] and nothing can be done without the owners consent. the owners of monuments as a rule are not archaeologists. they are generally willing to preserve their own monuments themselves & many do so very efficiently but they dislike government interference & they have no inducement to avail themselves of the act. It has not been without much trouble that I have persuaded about half the owners of the scheduled monuments to do so. If the Hampshire Field Club considers any monument in the county to be worthy of protection and will induce the owner to offer it, I shall be very happy to forward the matter [insert] property [end insert] and I have no doubt that with a strong recommendation from a local scientific society it will be done. but the archaeological societies have not been as active in the matter as could be wished.

As regards Silchester I think it would be well worth while endeavouring to preserve the walls & other buildings the Duke of Wellington seems anxious to do what he can [2] but it seems [insert] appears [end insert] to be a [illegible ?function] of cost: the first thing of course would be to obtain his consent & assistance in any thing that is proposed the next thing would be to ascertain where the parts are to come from for ‘covering’ over the ruins, I doubt whether any sufficient funds for this purpose could be obtained from government except under very strong pressure [illegible] to [illegible]. If you threatened to blow up the office of works with dynamite you might be respectfully listened to. I remember [insert] many years ago [end insert] a boastful Englishman saying to a party of visitors at Pompeii “If these ruins [crossed out illegible word] splendid ruins were discovered in England we should build a Crystal Palace over them, That was his theory but our practise is to cover them with mud & I question whether that is not preferable to leaving them open to be [illegible] by the frost & reason they well be [illegible] in that way. for an enlightened posterity [illegible 2 words] such a posterity & they will have the pleasure of making a fresh discovery. If I can be of any assistance in forwarding [illegible] writes for the preservation of monuments at all [3 words illegible][copy letter ends here]

-------------

[Answered]

[Hampshire Field Club

Established 1885

Hartley Institution

Southampton]

May 17th 1886

Dear Sir,

I have to thank you very much for your letter, which I hope I may read at Silchester.

As however we have a representative of the Hampshire Independent who attends our meetings & reports our proceedings I have to ask your permission before reading your letter to the club.

In any case your suggestions will be useful to us, and I hope the club will endeavour to get some of the pre-historic monuments in Hampshire scheduled.

I am

Dear Sir

Yours very truly

Thos W Shore

Hon Sec

General Pitt Rivers FRS

------------------

[Crest]

Copy

4, Grosvenor Gardens

May 25, 1886

Sir,

Should there be any Ancient Monuments in Hampshire which are considered by the Hampshire Field Club to be worthy of protection under the Ancient Monuments Act a copy of which I enclose I should be glad if you would kindly send me a list of them with the name and address of the owners. I will then lay the matter before the Commissioners of Works. It would greatly facilitate matters if you could obtain the consent of the owners to having them placed under the guardianship of the Commrs of Work

Yours truly

A. Pitt Rivers

Lt: General

Inspector of Ancient Monuments

T.W. Shore Esq

-------------------

[Answered]

[Hampshire Field Club

Established 1885

Hartley Institution

Southampton]

May 26th 1886

Dear Sir,

This Club has addressed a letter to the Duke of Wellington on the subject of Silchester.

Your letter to me was not made public, but at our Silchester meeting some advice you offered as to the preservation of our ancient monuments were mentioned

I am

Dear Sir

Yours very truly

Thos W Shore

Hon Sec

General Pitt Rivers FRS

P.S.

I will place your official letter before our Committee

TWS

Notes

[1] Thomas William Shore, (1840-1905), geologist and antiquary, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_William_Shore and http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/36073. Founder of the Hampshire Field Club

[2] The Duke of Wellington owned the manor of Silchester from 1828, it was eventually sold in 1972.

---------------------------------------------------------------------

Box 1/ L1

[15 Lombard Street, E.C.]

30 May

My dear General

I return Mr Stanley’s letter, [1] & never did expect that owner would put their monuments under the Act, though but very few objected to our bill.

I should hardly have thought you required any special authority to report.

Believe me

Yours very truly

John Lubbock

-----------

London

14 Nov 1882

My dear General

I am very glad you have accepted, & hope now that our great National Monuments will suffer nothing more than the natural & inevitable action of time.

I do not know whether anything is settled about the title, but I take the same view as you do.

I believe you would report directly to Lefevre. [2]

Do not be reckless in digging during this weather: you must be careful of yourself as well as of the monuments

Yours very truly

John Lubbock

---------------

[High Elms, Hayes, Kent]

19 Nov 82

My dear General

I send copy of the Act as requested. You can of course get any you want from the Office so will you please return it to me.

I do not know that there would be any means of exempting the Inspector from serving as Sheriff or on Juries.

I hope your son will succeed in West Surrey

Eu, [sic]

Yours most truly

John Lubbock

Notes

[1] This letter is possibly one of the ones listed in Box 2 / S6 or S7. The most likely one is Box 2/ S6 a letter dated 29 May (no year, so it is still not clear which year Lubbock wrote in either) from William Owen Stanley. In the letter Stanley expressed doubt about the worth of the Ancient Monuments Act.

[2] George Shaw Lefevre (1831-1928) see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Shaw-Lefevre,_1st_Baron_Eversley, Commissioner of Works.

--------------------------------------------------------------------

Box 1/ L2

[4 Grosvenor Gardens, S.W.]

August 9. 88

Dear Sir John

As you have always taken great interest in the Ancient Monuments Act and it was at your request & that of Lord Holbridge [1] that I undertook this work of Inspector, I think that before I resign to [illegible, possibly first or put] it would be desirable that I should meet you & the one or two members of the House of Commons who take an interest in it and point out the changes that it ap... [illegible, not appears] desirable to taken in order to put the act on a proper footing. Mr Plunket [2] & his secretarys do not care about the subject and some of his predecessors have [illegible] & not been nor seen to letter to it & on this acount [sic] I think some of the members of Parliament should put it up. I have covered it on for 6 yrs with some success. & finding my self involved in it I have given [illegible] is in the hope that the work might be altered & much more workable but I find it an exceedingly unpleasant duty certainly the necessity of constantly calling in [illegible] to ask them to do [illegible] that about used to do. It is a thankless task [illegible] seem to serve [illegible] the public or archaeologists on the Government & in the [illegible] sure that not of such value further p... of wants [word illegible from ink blot]

[Note: this letter is extremely difficult to read, there are several ink blotches and it appears to have either been written rapidly in anger or purely as notes for Pitt-Rivers himself. It is clear that a similar letter must have been written and sent to Lubbock that day as we have the reply which reacts to the news of Pitt-Rivers’ resignation—see next letter]

-------------

[Crest]

9 Aug 88

My dear General

I am sorry to hear that you propose to give up the Inspectorship of Ancient Monuments & should be very pleased to meet you & discuss what amendments are required to the Bill.

As you are aware I was never satisfied with it, & did not expect it would have done even as much as it has. That so many monuments have been put under it, I attribute to your tact & energy.

So many men however have now left that I think we can do nothing for the moment, & I think therefore it will be better as you yourself suggest to let the matter stand on until the autumn session.

I am

Yours very truly

John Lubbock

I go down to High Elms tomorrow but shall be at Bath & we might then talk it over.

------------

[Lubbock]

15, Lombard Street, E.C.

9 April 1889

My dear General

I have read the enclosed with I return herewith.

Mr Christison sent me, or rather Mr Turner did, [3] a copy of his letter & I told him I thought he underestimated what had been done in Scotland.

I demur on you know to the 2nd Par, in the fifth page of your letter, but I quite concur that it would be desirable that Local Associations should do more.

Would it not be well to question Plunket as to the delay, & the unacceptance of monuments.

Wishing you success in your diggings.

I am

Yours very truly

John Lubbock

Major Gen A. Pitt Rivers FRS

---------

[Lubbock]

[Crest]

11 April 89

My dear General

Many thanks for your letter, the kind tone of which I quite appreciate.

As regards the future I quite concur with you that it would be the best policy to work with Plunket. He is an old friend of mine, & I should also be sorry on personal grounds to do anything without consulting him.

I would gladly introduce a bill enabling him to accept monuments, & to stop destruction, as you say for a few months. This was indeed our original proposal.

I also quite concur with you about the local societies but am not quite clear how it could be avoided. Perhaps when you come up we may talk it over.

I am

Yours very truly

John Lubbock

Major General Pitt Rivers

-----------

[Crest]

17 Mar

Dear General Pitt Rivers

I send you a copy of our Bill, & am sorry to hear the Government have doubts about it.

The Irish authorities, & I believe it will mainly affect Ireland, will I understand support it.

In Committee [sic, he might mean conclusion?] I need not say that I should most favourably consider any suggestion from you

I am

Yours very sincerely

John Lubbock

I am glad you have not resigned

[2 copies of the draft Bill to amend the 1882 Ancient Monuments Act are attached]

Notes

[1] Lord Holbridge cannot be identified

[2] David Robert Plunket, 1st Baron Rathmore (1838-1919) Irish lawyer and Conservative politician, first Commissioner of Works from 1885 until 1892

[3] This appears to be David Christison who wrote an article about Dr Turner, who I cannot identify

--------------------------------------------------------------------

Box 1/ L5

[Crest – Office of Works Whitehall Place S.W.]

Jan ? 82

Dear General Pitt Rivers

I shall be in London on Thursday the 11th and can see you here say at 10ck

Yrs very truly

G. Shaw Lefevre

--------

4 Grosvenor Gardens

Dec 4th 1882

Dear Sir

I have remained in town in order to see you after the opening of the Law Courts as you requested. [1] If it would not be inconvenient to you to see me tomorrow morning on the subject [insert] of the Ancient Monuments [end insert] I should be much obliged otherwise if you would kindly name another time I would return to town from Dorsetshire at any time that may suit you.

Believe me

Yours [illegible looks like obediently?!]

A Pitt Rivers

------------

[Crest – Office of Works Whitehall Place S.W.]

Dec. 5. 82

Dear Sir

I am very sorry to think that you have stayed in town on my account. I could see you today, but I am rather busy as I have to go down to Stratford on Avon tomorrow to make a political speech for which as yet I have made no preparation—I shall be in London again on Thursday afternoon & Friday and I could see you I incline to think however that it would be better to postpone our interview until I shall have had time to draft the memorandum on the object of the Ancient Monuments Act the best mode of carrying it out. I would then send it to you for your remarks and we might meet later to determine any doubtful points. If this meets with your approval I will not ask you to call here at present

Yrs. very truly

G Shaw Lefevre

General Pitt Rivers

P.S. What is the position of your collection at South Kensington – Has the Government declined to take it and have you given it to some other institution? I ask with reference to the building which it now occupies. [2]

--------------

[Rushmore, Salisbury]

Dear Mr Shaw Lefevre

I have been thinking it may perhaps be [illegible] advisable to [word illegible] [insert] nominate [end insert] [insert] name [end insert] in certain counties or districts persons who may [illegible] to put perform [insert] perform [end insert] the function of Local Guardian of Ancient Monuments such as the President & Secretary of local archaeological societies or field clubs. their position would of course be honorary but seem official & I have no doubt may good [?] there would be few willing to accept the post. It would be their business to report to the Inspector about anything [illegible] access or was likely to damage the monuments unless this is done either the Inspector must inspect all the [insert] scheduled [end insert] monuments always, or we might fail to take proper care of them which is not to be present [?] I think is that often once the Government has made itself responsible for the preservation of these things they must be open to attack from all quarters if anything goes wrong and makes me [illegible] some system of local inspection great unnecessary [2 words illegible] be [illegible] in travelling expenses & even then we may not secure the necessary information information [insert] protection [end insert] I feel sure that the fact of local guardians would not be [illegible] to county archaeologists under teh only few in this [2 words illegible] receive two being suggestion from [illegible] but it will enable the defendant to say that due provision has been made for obtaining requests for all threatened damage to the monuments

It is of course [word crossed out and illegible] not a thing to decide upon in a hurry but this matter might perhaps be considered in the [2 words illegible] [draft ends here]

-----------------

[Crest HM Office of Works, Whitehall Place SW]

Nov 30 83

Dear General Pitt Rivers

I have dealt to day with 2 questions submitted by you to the Department. I am sorry to find that owing in part to press of work due to a very important enquiry at the Post office & in part to demands on my time at Reading I have been unable sooner to deal with them

Yrs very truly

G Shaw Lefevre

-----------------

[Shaw Lefevre]

[Crest HM Office of Works, Whitehall Place SW]

Oct 28 92

Dear General Pitt Rivers

Primrose has shewn me a letter from you dated July 4 last on the subject of Ancient Monuments in which you suggested that it might be well for you to send in a General Report which you have had some time in preparation. I think such a report would have great interest and value & if without any inconvenience you could complete it I shall be much obliged. I will then consider whether any amendment should be made to the Act

yrs very truly

G Shaw Lefevre

Notes

[1] The Royal Courts of Justice, on the Strand in London, were opened by Queen Victoria on 4 December 1882 see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Courts_of_Justice

[2] Pitt-Rivers’ discussions with South Kensington Museum about the future of his collection had concluded with agreement that they should no longer be loaned to that institution. In May 1882 Pitt-Rivers had begun negotiations with the University of Oxford about donating it to them. These discussions were not concluded by December 1882 but the negotiations were positive. Pitt-Rivers’ collection, meanwhile, remained in the rooms near the Horticultural Gardens under the South Kensington Museum’s care until 1884-5.

------------------------------------------------------------

Box 1/ M1

[Crest HM Office of Works, Whitehall Place SW]

Feb. 23. 83

My dear General

I have sent again to hurry the printers

Y.v.t. [Yours very truly]

ABMitford [1]

---------------

[Crest HM Office of Works, Whitehall Place SW]

March 9./83

My dear General

I have suggested a conference between the director of the survey, yourself and me upon your report of yesterday. We shall then be in a position to make a definite recommendation to Govt. as to staff &c. I have an idea in my head which I think may work well to begin with.

Meanwhile I cannot get the prints from the Stationary Office!

Yrs very truly

AB Mitford

-----------

[Crest HM Office of Works, Whitehall Place SW]

March 13. 83

My dear General

Many thanks for your kindness in sending me your two publications which I have read with great interest.

I hope to be able to send you the print of the act &c. this Evening or tomorrow

Yours very truly

AB Mitford

----------------

[Crest HM Office of Works, Whitehall Place SW]

[Answered June 16/ 83

June 11.83

My dear General

Have you any letters from owners handily on ancient monuments? If so I think they ought to be registered don’t you

yours very truly

AB Mitford

---------------

[Crest HM Office of Works, Whitehall Place SW]

July 23. 83

My dear General

The Chief Commr. will be happy to see you on Thursday at 3

yours sincerely

AB Mitford

--------------

[Crest HM Office of Works, Whitehall Place SW]

August 24. 83

My dear General

We have been very much preped ]?] lately – and to tell the honest truth I have been compelled to delay taking action in regard to your two minutes of July 24. There are still one or two small points which I should like to discuss with you before proceeding further. The real time for getting at a final solution will be when we are preparing our exh... for the ensuing year this autumn. We shall then be able to get a hearing on the measures.

I am going away for a few days but shall not go further and [insert] than [end insert] Westgate and shall be available for business

yours sincerely

AB Mitford

--------------

[Crest HM Office of Works, Whitehall Place SW]

Sept 2. 83

My dear General

It is very kind of you to invite us to Rushmore. But I fear that owing to my father’s state of health we shall hardly be able to get away this winter. Clementina [2] has explained about this to Mrs. Pitt Rivers. We shd. so much have enjoyed had it been possible.

I hope your visit to Scotland [3] will be pleasant and a success from the official point of view.

This autumn we must settle many points of detail

yrs sincerely

AB Mitford

---------------

[Crest HM Office of Works, Whitehall Place SW]

Dec 3. 83

My dear General

I have to go to Hampton [illegible] on Wednesday. Perhaps Thursday wd. suit you equally well?

yrs sincerely

AB Mitford

--------------

[Crest HM Office of Works, Whitehall Place SW]

July 17.84

My dear General

I can see no objection to your proposed reading

yours sincerely

AB Mitford

Notes

[2] Lady Clementina Gertrude Helen Ogilvie (1854-1932, daughter of the 5th Earl of Airlie, wife of Mitford. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algernon_Freeman-Mitford,_1st_Baron_Redesdale. Mitford’s father died in 1883. Mitford’s wife, Clementina, was the niece of Pitt-Rivers’ wife.

[3] Pitt-Rivers visit to Scotland was part of his job as Inspector

AP, December 2014

Rushmore Golf Course

2012-05-30T07:37:03+00:00

{joomplu:1083 detail align right}

This booklet, produced in the same series as the guide to the Larmer Grounds, Farnham Museum and King John's House, is transcribed below. It is not clear when it was first written and published but it was after Spring 1896 and may have been written after Pitt-Rivers' death. Find out more about the golf course today here. It was taken from the copy in the Pitt Rivers Museum, Manuscript Collections, Pitt-Rivers Pamphlet Collection, item X.:

THE RUSHMORE-LARMER GOLF LINKS

These links were constructed by General Pitt-Rivers in the spring of the year 1896, as an addition to the amusements of the Larmer Grounds. Mr Thomas Dunn, of Bournemouth, the well-known Golf Professional, planned them and superintended their construction. [1]

It is intended that all visitors to the Larmer Grounds shall be free to play Golf on the payment of a fee to the Caretaker, and writing their names in a book provided for the purpose.

The charges are 6d. for Gentlemen and 3d. for Ladies for the day's play. [2] These charges are made as a contribution towards the maintenance of the Links and are liable to alteration.

Golf clubs may be hired and Golf balls bought at the Larmer Lodge. The charge for the hire of clubs is £d. per club and 1s. for a set. Clubs that are damaged or broken must be paid for at cost price.

The players will be required to adhere strictly to the Rules and Regulations laid down for observance on these Links.

All players will purchase a ticket at the Lodge, which will entitle the holder to play on the Links for the day.

It is advisable that players should wear the usual red coat when possible. [3] This is, however, optional.

THE RUSHMORE-LARMER GOLF CLUB

{joomplu:1085 detail align right}

The Members of this Club have the use of the New Rooms at the Larmer, where they can obtain refreshments at cheap rates. Apart from the advantages of privacy and accommodation thus secured, it will be the duty of the Club Committee to consider any suggestions for improvement made by Members, and accord them any reasonable privileges consistent with the comfort and freedom of casual visitors.

The annual Club subscription for Members is 5s. for Gentlemen and 2s. 6d. for Ladies. There is no entrance fee. [4]

Members of the Club are to purchase tickets at the Lodge for the day's play on the same terms as the public, viz.:- Gentlemen 6d. and Ladies 3d. per diem.

Members, if they prefer it, may pay, Gentlemen £1 and Ladies 10s. [5] This will include Membership, and entitle them to play all the year round without further expense.

Members may invite their friends to the Club Rooms, who will pay the same price for their playing tickets as the rest.

Further Regulations will be made, if found desirable, at a later date, when the requirements of the Club become better known.

Ladies and Gentlemen who desire to join the Club are requested to communicate with EDWARD CASTLEMAN, Esq., Hon. Sec. and Treasurer, Chettle Lodge, Blandford. [6]

All complaints should be made in writing to the Hon. Sec., who, if unable to deal with them himself, will submit them to the Committee.

------

Lawn Tennis Grounds have also been provided, which will be open to the Club and the other visitors. Rackets and Lawn Tennis balls may be hired at the Lodge. There is no charge made for playing Lawn Tennis.

LAWS OF THE GAME OF GOLF

AS PLAYED BY

THE ROYAL AND ANCIENT GOLF CLUB OF ST. ANDREWS, 1888.

I. MODE AND ORDER OF PLAYING THE GAME
1. The game of Golf is generally played by two sides. Each side may consist either of one person or of two, who play alternately. It may also be played by three or more sides, each playing its own ball.
2. The game commences by each side playing off a ball from a place called the "teeing-ground," for the first hole. In a match with two on a side, the partners shall strike off alternately from the tee; and the players opposed to each other shall be named at starting, and shall continue in the same order during the match. The player entitled to play off first shall be named by the parties themselves, and his side shall continue to lead off till they lose a hole; and although the courtesy of starting is generally granted to Captains of the Club and old Members, it may be settled by lot or toss of a coin.
3. The hole is won by the side holing at fewest strokes; and the reckoning of the strokes is made by the terms "odds" and "like," "two more," "three more," "one off two," &c.
4. The side gaining a hole shall lead at the next, except at the commencement of a new match, in which case the winner of the previous match is to lead, and is entitled to claim his privilege and recall his opponent's stroke should he play out of order. The privilege is called the "honour."
5. One round of the Links is reckoned a match, unless otherwise stipulated. The match is won by the side which wins one or more holes, in excess of the number of holes remaining to be played.
6. If, in a double match, a player shall play when his partner should have done so, his side loses the hole.

II. PLACE OF TEEING, AND PLAYING THROUGH THE GREEN.
7. The ball must be teed within the marks laid down by the Conservator of the Links, which shall be considered the "teeing-ground." The balls shall not be teed in advance of such marks, nor more than two club lengths behind them.
8. A ball played in contravention of this Rule may be recalled by the opposite side.
9. After teh balls are struck off, the ball furthest from the hole to which the partners are playing must be played first. No player shall play his teed ball till the party in front have played their second strokes; nor play on to the putting-green till the party in front of him has holed out. (It is requested that when a party is waiting to approach the hole, the party that is "holed out" will not cause delay by trying their putts over again.)

III. CHANGING THE BALLS
10. The balls struck off from the tee must not be changed, touched, or moved, before the hole is played out (except in striking, and the cases provided for by Rules IV, V, VII, VIII, IX, XIII, and XVI); and if the sides are at a loss to know one ball from the other, neither shall be touched without the consent of both.

IV. LIFTING OF BREAK CLUBS
11. All loose impediments within a club length of the ball may be removed, unless the ball lies within a bunker, on sand, on a molehill, on a road, or other hazard, or touching a growing whin (Rules VI, IX, XII)
12. When the ball lies in a bunker, sand, or any other hazard, there shall be no impression made by the club whilst addressing the ball, nor sand nor other obstacle removed "before striking at the ball."
13. A ball lying in sand, sprinkled on grass on the course for the preservation of the Links, shall be treated as if it lay on grass.
14. On no occasion is it allowable to press down any irregularities of surface to improve the lie of the ball.
15. When a ball lies near a washing-tub or implements used in the up-keep of the Links, they may be removed, and when on clothes, the ball may be lifted and dropped behind them without penalty.

V. ENTITLED TO SEE THE BALL
16. When a ball is completely covered with fog, bent whins &c., only so much thereof shall be set aside as that the player shall have a view of his ball before he plays whether in a line with the hole or otherwise.
17. Nothing that is growing may be bent, broken, or removed, except in the act of striking at the ball, or in the special occasion provided for in par. 16.
18. A ball stuck fast in wet ground or sand may be taken out and placed loosely in the hole it has made

VI. CLEARING THE PUTTING-GREEN
19. All loose impediments, except the opponent's ball, may be lifted on the putting-green.
20. The term "putting-green" shall be considered to mean those portions of the Links devoid of hazards within 20 yards of a hole. When ice or snow lies on the putting-green, parties are recommended to make their own arrangements as to its removal or not, before commencing their match.

VII. LIFTING BALLS
21. When the balls lie within six inches of each other, in any situation, the ball nearer the hole to which the parties are playing must be lifted till the other is played, and then placed as nearly as possible in its original position. Should the ball furthest from the hole be accidentally moved in so doing, it must be replaced without a penalty. The six inches to be measured from the nearest surface of the balls.
22. In a three or more ball match, a ball in any degree lying between the player and the hole must be lifted as above, or, if on the putting-green, holed out.

VIII. BALL IN WATER
23. If the ball lie in the water, [sic] the player may take it out, change it if he pleases, drop it, and play from behind the hazard, losing a stroke.

IX. RUBS OF THE GREEN AND PENALTIES
24. Whatever happens to a ball by accident, such as being moved or stopped by any person not engaged in the match, or by the fore caddie, must be reckoned a "Rub on the Green" and submitted to.
25. If, however, the player's ball strike his opponent or his opponent's caddie or club, or is moved by them, the opponent loses the hole.
26. If the ball strike himself or his partner, or either of their caddies or clubs, or is stopped by them, or if, while in the act of playing, he strikes the ball twice, the player loses the hole.
26. If the ball strikes himself or his partner, or either of their caddies or clubs, or is stopped by them, or if, while in the act of playing, he strikes the ball twice, the player loses the hole.
27. If the player or his partner touch their ball with the foot or any part of the body (except as provided for in Rules IV, V, VII and VIII), or with anything except the club, his side loses a stroke.
28. If the player, whilst addressing himself to the ball, on any occasion, except at the tee, touch it so as to cause it to move, or if his hand, foot or club touch a bent, stick, or anything which causes the ball to move, or if the player's caddie moves the ball, he loses a strike.
29. A ball is considered to have been moved if it leaves its original position in the least degree, and stops in another; but if a player touches his ball so as to make it merely oscillate and not leave its original position, it is not considered to have been moved.
30. If a player or his caddie strike the opponent's ball in any manner, that side loses the hole; but if he plays it inadvertently, thinking it is own, and the opponent also plays the wrong ball, it is then too late to claim the penalty, and the hole must be played out with the balls thus changed. If, however, the mistakes occurs from wrong information given by one party to the other, the penalty cannot be claimed, and the mistake, if discovered before the other party has played, must be rectified by replacing the ball as nearly as possible where it lay.
31. If a player’s ball be played away by mistake, or be lifted by any agency outside the match, then the player must drop it, or another ball, as near the spot as possible without any penalty. Should this occur on the putting-green the ball may be replaced by hand.

X. BALL LOST
32. In match playing, a ball lost entails the loss of the hole. Should the ball not be found within ten minutes, the opposite side can claim the hole.

XI. CLUB BREAKING
33. If, in striking, the club breaks, it is nevertheless to be counted a stroke, if the part of the club remaining in the player’s hand either strike the ground or pass the ball.

XII. HOLING OUT THE BALL
34. In holing, no mark shall be placed, or line drawn, to indicate the line to the hole; the ball must be played fairly and honestly for the hole, and not on the opponent’s ball, not being in the way to the hole; nor although lying in the way to the hole is the player entitled to play with any strength upon it that might injure his opponent’s position, or greater than is necessary honestly to send his own ball the distance of the hole.
35. Either player, when it is his turn to play, may remove, but not press down, sand, or worm heaps, lying around the hole, or on the line of his "putt"; but this must be done lightly by the player or his caddie, with the hand only. Except as above mentioned, or when the player is in the act of addressing himself to the ball, the putting line must not be touched by club, hand, nor foot. If the player desires the "line to the hole", it may be pointed out by a club shaft only.
36. If, in holing out, the ball rest upon the flag-stick in the hole, the player shall be entitled to have the stick removed, and if the ball fall in, it shall be considered as holed out; but either party is entitled to have the flag-stick removed when approaching the hole. When the player’s ball rests on the lip of the hole, his opponent, after holing in the "odd" or the "like" shall be entitled to strike way the ball which is at the lip of the hole, claiming the hole if he shall have holed in the "like"; and the "half" if he shall have holed in the "odd". But no player shall be entitled to play until his opponent’s ball shall have ceased rolling.

XIII. UNPLAYABLE BALLS
37. In Match playing every ball must be played, wherever it lies, or the hole given up, excepting where otherwise provided for (Rules IV and VIII).
38. If a ball lies in any of the holes made for golfing, or on ground under repair by the conservator of the links, it may be lifted, dropped behind the hazard, and played without losing a stroke.
39. In all cases where a ball is to be dropped, the party doing so shall front the hole to which he is playing, standing behind the hazard, and dropping the ball behind him from his head.

XIV. ASKING ADVICE
40. A player must not ask advice about the game, by word, look, or gesture, from any one except his own caddie, his partner’s caddie, or his partner.

XV. PARTIES PASSING EACH OTHER
41. Any party having lost a ball, and incurring delay by seeking for it, may be passed by any other party coming up.
42. On all occasions a "two-ball" match may pass a party playing three or more balls.
43. Parties turning before going the whole round must let any two-ball match that has done so pass them.

XVI. BALLS SPLITTING
44. If a ball should split into two or more pieces, a fresh ball shall be put down where the largest portion of the ball lies; and if the ball is cracked the player may change it on intimating his intention of doing so to his opponent.

XVII. BREACH OF RULES
Where no penalty for the infringement of a rule is specially mentioned, the loss of the hole shall be understood to be the penalty.

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Notes [not included in original text, added by transcriber]

[1] Tom Dunn (1850-1902) was a prolific designer of golf courses in the UK and abroad and a golf club maker. See a list of the golf courses he designed in London here. He was the golf professional at Meyrick Park golf course at Bournemouth from 1894. The photograph of him is taken from here.

[2] The equivalent of roughly £3 for men and £1.50 for women golfers.

[3] According to the British Golf Museum, 'In the 18th century, golfers wanted to stand out, both in society and on the course. Many clubs required their members to wear formal red jackets. Based on military jackets, they were essentially a uniform. Golfers could be fined by their club if not properly dressed. Today, red jackets are usually only worn for ceremonial occasions as a link to the past.'

[4] The annual fees for men were therefore just over £16 and for women just over £8.

[5] Just over £90 for men, £45 for women golfers

[6] Probably Edward Castleman (1870-1946) who also played cricket for Dorset. He owned Chettle House, and was apparently very keen on hunting. He married a rich heiress Jessie Morris who brought money to the estate.

The image of the golf course is taken from here.

Note that the map shows the race-course that Pitt-Rivers also provided for the public.

AP May 2012

Larmer Gardens Guide

2012-05-28T12:10:56+00:00

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As one of the public attractions on his estate, Pitt-Rivers established some pleasure grounds, the Larmer Tree Gardens. He published an (undated, but must have been post 1894) guide to them, which was printed in a short booklet with a guide to King John's House and the Museum at Farnham.

Going to the Larmer Gardens or to the Museum or King John's House was a way for the public to meet General Pitt-Rivers. As Bowden relates:

'... as Frank Adams recalled: 'Now if you should happen to pick up a half dozen coins which is quite an easy thing to do after these excavations ... proudly take them to Larmer on a Sunday afternoon; if you see him by himself strolling across the lawn and show him these coins, it would please him immensely that would. He thought you had an interest in archaeology.' [1991: 151-2]

The photographs are from a visit made to Larmer Tree Gardens on 27 May 2012, by Friends of the Pitt Rivers Museum and members of the Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project team and M.St Students from the Pitt Rivers Museum. We are very grateful to some of them for providing copies of their images to the website.

THE LARMER GROUNDS

The Larmer Grounds are the property of General Pitt-Rivers, of Rushmore, who, whilst retaining all rights of ownership and privacy, has laid them out as pleasure grounds, for the recreation of the people in the neighbouring towns and villages. They were commenced in 1880, and have been improved from time to time. The Temple was erected in 1880, the Band-Stand in 1886, the half-timbered cottage for the Caretaker in 1881. The bronze statue of "The hunter of early days" was put up in 1883. This beautiful little work was done by the celebrated sculptor, Mr Boehm, and represents very faithfully an ancient British hunter mounted on his small horse, and watching his prey with his spear in his hand. [1] The dell was originally dug for brick-earth, and has been planted with shrubs and trees. Walks and a lawn have been made in the surrounding oak woods. The bronze storks in the pond are Japanese.

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The Larmer Tree is traditionally the spot where King John used to meet with his huntsmen when stopping at his hunting box, now called King John's House, in Tollard Royal. Tollard derives the name Royal from the fact that King John, in the right of Isabella his wife, held a knight's fee there. The Chase was originally a Royal hunting-ground, and belonged to the King.

The etymology of the word "Larmer" has been much disputed. It was originally spelt Lavermere, which has been corrupted and abbreviated into Larmer in quite recent times. The termination mere is undoubtedly boundary, like the town of Mere. The spot is still the boundary of two counties and three parishes. But the first two syllables, Laver, or Lauer, as it is sometimes spelt in old maps, has been questioned. It was no doubt a boundary mark in the Chase, and was probably named from some shrub or plant that grew in abundance on the spot. Some have supposed it to be derived from the Anglo-Saxon Laur (Latin, Laurus), a laurel or bay tree. But the best derivation for it appears to be that suggested by the Rev. J.H. Ward, Rector of Gussage St. Michael, Anglo-Saxon Laefer, a bulrush. Barnes, in his "Glossary of the Dorset Dialect," says that the term Levers, or Lever, is still used for the great yellow flag or its leaves (iris). It is retained in the word "laefer bottomed chair," a basket or rush-bottomed chair. This plant is still abundant in the woods and hedgerows. In an Anglo-Saxon charter of King Eadwig, 10th century, Mr Ward has found that in defining a boundary in this neighbourhood mention is made of Lafresmere, and immediately afterwards of the Mearc-treowe, or boundary tree, which probably refers to this place, and if so, it is the earliest mention of it on record. Rushmore was originally spelt Rushmere, and was no doubt like Lavermere, a rush boundary. Bridmore, close by, was spelt Bridmere or Britmere, and like Britford near Salisbury, probably referred to the boundary of the Britons.

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It seems likely then, that these meres may have been the boundaries that separated the Saxons from the West Welsh, which, as Green in his "Making of England" has shown, lay somewhere in this neighbourhood for more than 100 years about the time of the 6th century. The old tree was originally a wych elm, a fragment of the rind of which was standing until it was blown down in the winter of 1894. [2] An oak tree had been planted in the centre of the rind after the centre had decayed. This has grown up, and now remains the only representative of the Larmer Tree. Under the wych elm the Chase Courts used to be held for the settlement of all matters relating to the Chase. The members of the Court afterwards dined together at King John's House. A public hunt, like the Epping hunt, used to be held here during the time that the Court was sitting, some time in September, when a stag was turned out and hunted. This was discontinued by Lord Rivers in 1789.

The costume of the Caretaker is a survival of the dress worn by the Chase keepers, a full length portrait of one of whom, by Romney, is preserved in Rushmore House.[3]

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From the Temple on the lawn, Rushmore is seen through a gap in the wood to the north-east, over a wooded valley in the Park. To the south-east, the white cliffs of the Needles, Isle of Wight, thirty miles distant, can be seen on a clear day, through the arched vista in the paling which bounds the garden on the east side. In addition to the general lawn, there are six quarters hedged off by laurels and shrubs, and intended for picnic parties. These may be engaged beforehand, if they happen to be available at the time, by writing to the Caretaker, Larmer Grounds, Tollard Royal, Salisbury. The quarters are named after animals as follows:-- 1. Owl's Quarter; 2 Cat's Quarter; 3. Yak's Quarter; 4. Stag's Quarter; 5. Hog's Quarter; 6. Hound's Quarter. Others are in course of preparation. Each quarter has an arbour, seats and tables. The Caretaker is directed not to reserve any quarter for a party of less than eight. When not engaged, the quarters are open to the public. The grounds are open to the public every day, gratis, Sundays included, from mid-day to dark. The gates are locked by order of General Rivers in the evening until about mid-day on the following day, for the preservation of rights. They are also locked on certain occasions during the whole day, or when General Rivers reserves the grounds for private parties. The old notice respecting trespassers, which was attached to a tree before the grounds were laid out, remains standing. All parties of more than twenty, coming to the Larmer, should write to the Caretaker beforehand to ask permission, or to the Head Gardener, Rushmore, or to General Rivers. Picnic parties wishing to have quarters reserved for them should write to the Caretaker, stating the number, and what they will require. General Rivers provides crockery, knives and forks, and other materials for picknickers gratis. The attendants will expect a slight renumeration for their trouble. Two cooking stoves with cooking utensils, methylated spirits, and other necessaries, are provided by General Rivers, but the parties must bring their own cooks. Chairs, tables and dumb-waiters are also provided. The Caretaker can provide milk, tea, coffeee, bread, butter, salt, pepper, mustard, lemons, potatoes, ginger beer, flour, fresh eggs, and some other commodities, but he should know what will be required, if possible, two days before. Meat vegetables, fruit, sauces and liquor of all kinds must be brought, if required by the visitors. No alcoholic liquor is allowed to be sold on the grounds, except on special occasions, when due provisions will be made. German skittles, bowls and swings are provided in the shrubbery. Chairs, tables, and benches in sufficient number are on the lawn and in the quarters.

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The Band consists of workmen on the Rivers estate. Mr. A. Lawes, of Tollard Royal, Salisbury, is the Band-master, to whom application should be made by parties requiring the Band in the evening. The Band is paid by General Rivers every time it plays at the Larmer, except when privately engaged by parties for their evening amusements. He also provides the uniform, instruments, and instruction. Parties who require to have the Band on any day can do so from 5.30 pm till dark, on applying to the Bandmaster. The charge will be 35s. for the evening for about 16 men. [4]

The Band is also allowed to engage itself for the day in the neighbourhood on special occasions, arrangements being made with the Bandmaster, who acts in all cases under the orders of General Pitt-Rivers. Accommodation for 20 horses is provided in the stables inside the grounds, and further arrangements for tying up horses are made outside. Drivers should bring their own head collars and feeding bags. The Band plays every Sunday in the grounds, during the Summer months, from 3 p.m. to 5 p.m. The Bandmaster is the Organist in the Church and has to attend every Service.

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General Rivers will alter all the arrangements at the Larmer, from time to time, at his own discretion, should it be found necessary.

The Larmer Grounds have been made the headquarters of a Bicycle Club, and is much visited by cyclists from all parts.

There has never been a single instance of drunkenness, disorder, or trouble of any kind during the seven years that the Larmer and other places have been open to the public, nor has any damage whatever been done. Arrangements are, however, made with the police to meet any difficulty, should it occur, and two policemen are present every Sunday and on other days when large numbers are expected.

General Pitt-Rivers has been in the habit of opening the grounds and the field adjoining it for races and sports some time in September, the arrangements for which are conducted by himself, with the assistance of a committee. General Rivers gives the prizes. Notice of these meetings and a programme of the sports are circulated in the neighbourhood and in the local newspapers. These meetings are intended to be a survival of the hunt which used to take place here at the same time of the year, and which was discontinued by Lord Rivers in 1789. These meetings have usually been attended by a large concourse of people.

All persons visiting the Larmer, the Museum, and King John's House, must sign their names in a book. A single name will be sufficient for large parties, stating the total number in the column provided for the purpose. It is the Caretaker's business to see that this is done.

	1887	1888	1889	1890	1891	1892	1893
Larmer Grounds	15,351	10,760	10,653	14,690	16,872	17,502	24,143
Museum, Farnham	-	5,706	6,152	6,673	7,000	6,548	7,187
King John’s House	-	-	-	-	4,346	5,828	6,710

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Distances from the Larmer.

The Larmer Grounds are distant:-

From the Museum at Farnham, 2 miles

From the Museum Hotel at Farnham, 1 3/4 miles

From King John's House at Tollard, by path, 1/2 mile

From the little Menagerie in Rushmore Park, by road, 2 miles

From Blandford, via Tarrant Hinton and Gunville, 9 miles

From Bournemouth, via Wimborne and Poole, 25 miles

From Cranborne, via Handley, 8 1/2 miles

From Fordingbridge, via Cranborne 15 miles

From Gillingham, via Shaftesbury, 15 miles

From Poole, via Wimborne, 20 miles

From Ringwood, via Horton, 16 1/2 miles

From Salisbury, via Woodyates and Handley, 17 miles

From Semley, via Ludwell, 9 1/2 miles

{joomplu:1102 detail align right}From Shaftesbury, 7 1/2 miles

From Tisbury, via Berwick and Rushmore Park, 11 1/4 miles

From Wilton, via Toney Stratford, 16 1/2 miles

From Wimborne, via Horton, 13 miles.

Parties visiting the Larmer from Blandford, Tarrant Gunville, and Iwerne, can go along the new road in Farnham Wood, the gates of which are only locked periodically for the preservation of rights.

Telegraphic communication to all parts is established in Tollard Royal, within ten minutes of the Larmer.

Visitors coming from Tisbury and the north can go through Rushmore Park, on asking permission to do so at the Lodge gates. There is no right of way.

Notes [added by transcriber, not part of original publication]

[1] This statue in now in a private collection, according to here. It was first sculpted by Joseph Edgar Boehm (1834-1890) in 1868, and exhibited at the Royal Academy in the same year. The Victoria and Albert Museum has a plaster cast of the sculpture [1806-1892].

[2] This fragment of tree can still be seen in the small museum in the Larmer Gardens in 2012.

[3] This portrait is listed in Pitt-Rivers' art catalogue on page 48, and shows Elias Bailey, last Chase-Keeper. See the last image on this page.

[4] Roughly £155 in 2012 according to here, based on purchasing power.

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Transcribed by AP May 2012.

Inspector of Ancient Monuments manuscripts

2012-05-22T14:36:55+00:00

This is a listing and transcription of some of the material donated by Anthony Pitt-Rivers to the Pitt Rivers Museum in 2012. Box 1

Handwritten summary on modern paper:

1 Portfolio on Ancient Monuments correspondence which has not been answered

2 Aberlemno stones Forfarshire

3 Dorset Tenant Hill Circle

Gorwell Circle

Dorchester Ampitheatre

Poxwell Circle

4. Pewsey & Salisbury light railway including a lecture on rifle shooting]

1 Portfolio on Ancient Monuments correspondence which has not been answered

B6856 30 Oct 1896 Public Buildings Estimates 1897-8 Protection of Ancient Monuments, memo asking how much PR thinks should be set aside in estimates for care of ancient monuments, PR replies at bottom:

“Since 1891 the Ancient Monuments Act has been virtually in abeyance, in consequence of the decision of the Board of Works, that I should no longer endeavour to obtain fresh monuments, but that “the Act being permissive the attitude of the Government should be passive.” If this working of the Act is still considered satisfactory, I see no reason why any additional sum should be noted beyond what is necessary to keep the Monuments now under the Act in good repair. I have no opinion to offer on the subject. My letter to Mr Primrose of the 20th Feb 1891 sufficiently explains my views, but I think it desirable to take this opportunity of referring to the subject, in case dissatisfaction should be expressed on the part of archaeologists, and in order to show that it was not by my desire that the Act was discontinued. There has been some private correspondence with the owners of monuments since 1891, and some good done, but nothing contrary to the general tenor of my instructions. I have no knowledge whether the sum of £100 is sufficient or even whether it has been drawn.

Nov 14th 1896 A Pitt Rivers

[There follows a set of Govt correspondence relating to ancient monuments

Folder with ribbon, Amesbury and Military Camp Light Railway

Letter from The National Trust 8 January 1897 drawing attention to the destruction of prehistoric remains on Sherburton Common Dartmoor from Lionel Curtis [2 copies]

2. Cardboard Folder with printed label ‘Ancient Monuments Act / Monument: Aberlemno Stones / County:- Forfarshire, N.B. / Parish:- Aberlemno / Owner:- Mr Patrick Webster

Envelope marked: Anc. Mons. Act. / Aberlemno Stones / (a) Sheriff Thoms’s letters / (b) Genl. Rivers letter to Mr Webster / (c) Webster’s (Mr) Reply

Contains:

1 letter dated 13 September 1889 from George H.M. Thoms to PR

1 letter dated 7 October 1889 from George H.M. Thoms to PR

1 letter dated 10 October 1889 from PR to Patrick Webster

1 letter dated 22 October 1889 from ….ship [illegible, appears to be Webster’s offspring to PR]

1 letter dated 28 October 1889 from PR to unnamed recipient ‘My dear Sir’

Piece of paper headed ‘Aberlemno Plates 78 to 81 vol I [PR’s handwriting]

2 drawings of crosses and iconography on them marked Plate 80 and Plate LXXXI

One set of carbon copies of letters marked ‘Complete’ of correspondence about Aberlemno Stones.

Contains:

1 letter from George H.M. Thoms to PR dated 13 September 1889

1 letter from George H.M. Thoms to PR dated 7 October 1889

1 letter from PR to Patrick Webster dated 10 October 1889 [see above]

1 letter from Patrick Webster [NB the signature did not look like it to me, but see above] to PR dated 22 October 1889

1 letter from PR to George Thoms dated 28 October 1889

Typed transcript of formal memo from PR regarding Ancient Monuments Act 1882 and Aberlemno Stones [2 copies]

2nd copy of above correspondence marked ‘Incomplete’which in addition to the above includes

1 letter from H. Cuffe dated 15 April 1890 regarding stones

1 letter from Patrick Webster dated 12 April 1890 to H. Cuffe

1 memo from PR to ?Cuffe dated 21 April 1890

1 memo from PR to ?Cuffe dated 2 February 1891

3rd copy of above correspondence marked ‘Incomplete’which in addition to the above includes

1 letter from H. Cuffe dated 15 April 1890 regarding stones

1 letter from Patrick Webster dated 12 April 1890 to H. Cuffe

1 memo from PR to ?Cuffe dated 21 April 1890

1 memo from PR to ?Cuffe dated 2 February 1891

3. Dorset

1 Letter marked ‘Crichel Wimborne’ and ‘Friday’

1 set of correspondence fastened together:

Letter from John Evans, June 16 1890
Nash Mills
Hemel Hempstead
June 16 1890
Many thanks for the sight of the enclosed which I return in case you may like to send it to some one else. I do not think that the amphitheatre at Dorchester is one of the monuments under your charge, but I may mention that I have a letter from Mr Onion that is suffering from the turf being worn through and holes being grubbed in the underlying chalkby the boys of the neighbourhood. Is it worth while writing to the Mayor of Dorchester?
Believe me
Yours most truly
John Evans

Copy letter from PR 23 June 1890
>June 23rd 90
Dear Mr Mansell Pleydell
Thanks for sending me the report of your address it is most useful to give a resumé of …. Work of the year in the way you have done.
I enclose a typed copy of a letter from Mr Evans the President of the Society of Antiquaries about the … amphitheatre. I moved in the matter of its protection some time ago the Mayor was in favour of putting it under the act but it belongs to the Duchy of Cornwall & the Duchy refused. I know nothing of the damage reported in the letter but it is a pity … not been looked after. I always now refer such …. to the local archaeological body and some good has been done in that way perhaps you could take it up
Yrs very truly
A Pitt Rivers
June 23rd 1890
Dear Sir
I enclose a type written copy of a letter from Dr [?] Evans President of the Society of Antiquaries relating to some damage done in the Ampitheatre in Dorchester and shall be glad if you should find it in your Power to stop the injury complained of. You will remember there was a previous correspondence on the subject
Yours truly
A Pitt Rivers
… Inspector of Ancient Monuments in Britain
Town Clerk’s Office
Dorchester June 26th 1890
Sir,
The Mayor has handed to me your letter of the 23rd inst. with enclosure relating to certain damage stated to have been committed to the Maumbury Rings or Ampitheatre at this town. A letter has also been received by the Mayorfrom Mr Henry Moule the Curator of the Dorset County Museum on the same subject. As I think was pointed out in the previous correspondence to which you allude the amphitheatre is the property of The Duchy of Cornwall and the Corporation of Dorchester has no jurisdiction over it which would enable them to take steps for its preservation.
The Mayor however is much obliged to you for drawing his attention to the matter which he has directed me to bring under the notice of the Duchy authorities.
I remain Sir Yours obediently
H. Symonds
… Town Clerk
To Genl. A. Pitt Rivers
Inspector of Ancient Monuments
Rushmore Salisbury

Empty envelope marked ‘Ampitheatre at Dorchester A.M. Act Correspondence

1 letter dated 5 October 1887 addressed from 13 Brunswick Terrace Brighton [Bridehead Dorchester] from Mr Robert Williams regarding two monuments

Line drawing of Cromlech near Tenant Hill, near Gorwell, Dorsetshire with plan

Letter from J. Mansell Pleydell dated 22 September 1887 to PR saying he had written to Mayor about placing Ampitheatre at Dorchester under Ancient Monuments Act

Letter from Albert Banks to PR from Wolfeton House, Dorchester dated 27 September 1887 saying he would write to Mayor about placing Ampitheatre at Dorchester under Ancient Monuments Act

Letter from Albert Banks to PR from Wolfeton House, Dorchester dated 29 September 1887 saying he had reply from Mayor saying that Ampitheatre was partly on Borough and partly on Duchy land

Letter of support from Alfred Pope South Walk House Dorchester dated 30 September 1887

Further letter from Alfred Pope South Walk House Dorchester dated 31 September 1887

Letter from J. Mansell Pleydell dated 1 October 1887 to PR

Illegible letter from unknown correspondent dated 1 October 1887 to PR

Letter from PR to ? dated 6 October 1887 asking if Duchy have considered request to place Ampitheatre at Dorchester under Ancient Monuments Act

Letter from Duchy of Cornwall Office dated 7 October 1887 sayig request to place Ampitheatre at Dorchester under Ancient Monuments Act will be referred to Council

Letter from Duchy of Cornwall Office dated 13 December 1887 turning down request to place Ampitheatre at Dorchester under Ancient Monuments Act.

Copy letter from PR to Mayor of Dorchester 6 October 1887 on preservation of amphitheatre

Copy letter from PR to Duchy of Cornwall 6 October 1887 on preservation of amphitheatre

Letter 10 June 1893 from Richard C. Tuckett, The Bristol and District Footpath Preservation Society to PR regarding ‘certain wrongful encroachments’ on Hambledon Hall near Blandford

Letter dated May 6 1895 regarding Tenant Hill Circle from Edward Cunnington to PR with copy reply sent 18 May 1895 from PR.

Large sealed Legal sized envelope marked ‘Dorchester Ampitheatre’

Letter from J. Mansell Pleydell dated November 2?

Letter to paper about Dorset Field Club on the Monument in county by PR 7 February 1888:
Rushmore
Feb 7th 1888
Sir
From the remarks that were made at the meeting of the Dorset Natural History field club the report of which appeared in your last number. It would appear as if I had advocated some lesser scheme for collecting scientific information than that which this club are able and willing to undertake. this however requires explanation. there can be no doubt that the field club is well engaged in collecting and tabulating information upon all the various subjects that fall within its province and this is sure to be well done under the able guidance of Mr Mansel Pleydell the President. Any recommendations that I have made upon the subject have need had reference to the Ancient Monuments Act only the carrying out of which in Great Britain has been placed in my hands by the Government. the Act is purely permissive and at present relates to prehistoric monuments only nor does the Government propose to include in the Act all the [insert] purchasable [end insert] monuments that can be obtained but only the most important ones. It would not be right to saddle the country with the expense of maintaining minor monuments which must be left to local societies to look after. It is possible the scope of the act may be excluded hereafter meanwhile neither British nor Romanroads have as yet been included to protect a road would require the voluntary cooperation of all the owners over whose property the road passes, Dorsetshire is not very rich in monuments of the better class of prehistoric monuments Mr Williams has offered the nine stones at Winterbourne Abbas. Mr Sheridan the grey mall & colts and king stone Russell stone circle has been offered by the Duke of Bedford which I trust will be accepted & others no doubt maybe added to the list.

Handwritten transcription of an extract from The Gentleman’s Magazine1768 regarding stones a quarter of a mile east of Poxwell

Drawings of Poxwell stone circle with covering paper

Letter from J. Mansel Pleydell dated March 7 1887

Letter from PR to Mansel Pleydell re Pokeswell [sic] 2 November 1887

Letter from Jocelyn Cambridge 6 November 1887 regarding Poxwell to PR

Ancient Monuments Act memoranda dated 1 November 1887 regarding Tenant Hill circle B 6936 / 87

Ancient Monuments Act memoranda dated 6 October 1887 regarding Gorwell circle B 6278 / 87

4. Pewsey & Salisbury light railway including a lecture on rifle shooting]

Envelope marked Amesbury Light Railway postmarked 23 April 1896 from Light Railway Commission, to authorise proposed railway

Supplement to London Gazette March 2 1858[Promotions to Army Ranks, presumably Lane Fox is listed]

2 copies of Draft lecture, presumably this might be draft from 1850s, the handwriting is much more legible than later drafts but the paper is apparently very similar to the large blue paper used later for draft papers. One is in rougher hand than other

Covering letter from Ambrose Poynter Secretary of National Trust 13 February 1899 enclosing

Draft Bill for the Preservation of Interesting Places 7 February 1899

Draft Bill to amend the Ancient Monuments Protection Act 8th February 1899

And saying meeting on 22nd February to discuss

Copy of printed The Light Railways Act 1896 Great Western Railways Pewsey and Salisbury Light Railway with correspondence

AP May 2012

National Archives workbook 39/10 pages 27 to 61

2011-10-06T12:39:47+00:00

These are the notes written by W.S. Tomkin during a photographic course at the "Polytechnic" during 1889 where he was taught to photograph both landscapes and objects, useful in his role as Pitt-Rivers' assistant. See here for more information.

Note that it will be clear from the following entries that the notebook has, for some reason, been numbered originally and by the National Archives in reverse order, a reversed set of notes are available here.

Page 27 [marked 34 on top]
Chemicals required
1/4 lb Acetate of Soda
1 ounce precipitated chalk
Van der Weyde 182 Regent right hand side going up 870
July 22nd 1d 1d to "Polytechnic"
2d to W. & M. from there to Phototype Company 2d from there to Victoria

Page 28 [marked 35 on top]
July 20th
Exposed an Ilford plate ordinary for oil painting indoors with stop No. 2 for about 40 45 seconds (Light failing)
Inserted 3 other plates in dark slides
July 21st
Plate
Plate I in dark slide is unexposed
Plate II Selbys House
Plate III Selby's House
Plate IV Ightham Church

Page 29 [marked 36 on top]
[illegible, possibly Toning] solution will keep with care for 6 months replenish gold about 2 hrs before use and allow to stand occasionally add abt. a drum of acetate of soda Precipitated chalk to be in the bottom of the bottle
Avoid top lights
Interior painted French grey
Floor covered with carpet
Light to face north or north east
Door with lock
Perfectly firm on foundations
Narrow floor boards
Water tight windows

Page 30 [marked 37 on top]
If [insert] warm [end insert] tones [insert] are required [end insert] keep in bath much shorter time
Rinse in water and change and then they the prints are ready for fixing bath
Fixing Bath
1 part (oz) of Hypo
10 ozs of water and 10 minims of strong Ammonia [illegible]
Keep constantly moving in this bath for abt 15 mn take out and give 1/2 doz changes of water (keeping prints moving) and finally wash in running water for about 10 hours
To dry
Lay out on pink blotting paper or better still a clean towel

Page 31 [marked 38 on top]
Proceed as follows -
8 drums of acetate of soda (1/4 lb) dissolved in 80 ozs of water (distilled) then add an (8 grs) ounce of gold ch. solution shake the bottle and add 1 drum of precipitated chalk [insert] 40 grs [end insert] (I ounce to get of this) After 24 hours (after mixing) this is ready for use
Carefully avoid contamination
Solution to be 70 [degrees]
If cold it wont tone
In winter warm
Keep prints constantly moving whilst toning
Return superfluous toning solution to bottle
put away toning dish after use
Tone till a slight amount of red in the shadows only remains

Page 32 [marked 39 on top]
3 plates of my own (Ilford) used for the Genl's work
Focussing cloth 1s 6d
Operation after printing
Keep two distinct dishes for Hypo. one for fixing negatives and one for printing
Tone prints after printing
Toning to take place as soon after printing as possible
Washing in 3 changes of 5 min allowing 1 gallon of water per change
Keep constantly moving and turning
Toning bath
Should be prepared 24 hours before being used

Page 33 [marked 40 on top]
Plate III Bronze figure of Dante
P. Good No 2 stop used exposure about 15 seconds
Plate IV Bronze figure
P. Good No 2 stop used exposure about 15 seconds
The dullness of the plates exposed for Kit's Coty House and the Maidstone Museum is caused by light getting to them whilst changing in the dark room
This is a fact to be noted. Great care must be taken that no light can get to the plates whatever until they are exposed
4 to 5 on Friday
Fares 2d
To Elliots and Phototype Co. from there to Poly 2d

Page 34 [marked 41 on top]
July 15th

Plate I Ivory Carving Stop No 4 exposure about 15 seconds No sunlight D90 90 60 [insert] not so well [illegible] as the first exposure [end insert]

Plate II Bronze figure of Grenadier Stop no 4 exposure about 15 seconds no sunlight D 90 90 60 [insert] Details better in this than in first attempt [end insert]

Plate I Carved head of Cleopatra in granite No 2 stop used exposure about 15 seconds Developer 90 90 60 [insert] P. Good [end insert]

Plate II Flint implement no 2 stop used Exposure about 15 seconds Developer 90 90 60 [insert] [2 words illegible] not right otherwise about right

Page 35 [marked 42 on top]

July 13th

W.&M. [illegible]

Pl/1 Kits Coty House

Pl 2 Kits Coty House front view 2 seconds full aperture

Pl 3 Distant view full aperture

Ilford Plates

Pl 4 Distant view full aperture

Pl 5 Maidstone Museum stop 3 15 seconds

Pl 6 Maidstone Museum stop 3 15 seconds

July 14th Ilford Plates

Plate 1 Beech tree with figure stop 3 15 seconds no sunlight

Plate II Beech tree 20 seconds

Plate III Trees with figure stop 3 15 seconds [insert] very good P. [end insert]

Page 36 [marked 43 on top]

Plate 5 Carved ivory figure on fish. Stop 4 used exposure about 10 seconds no sunlight [insert] exposure and development might have been slightly increased 50%

Plate 6 Two [illegible] figures stop 4 used exposure about seconds no sunlight

5 same exposure same stop Ammonia to be used starting with full amount

July 12th

3 W & W Instantaneous Nos 1-2 and 3

3 Ilford Plates ordinary [Note along side] This plate (negative) complimented by Polytechnic authorities also by Messrs Waterlow & Sons representative

Page 37 [marked 44 on top]

July 11th

Plate 1 Bronze figure of dancing faun Stop 5 used exposure 5 seconds Good strong light [insert] underexposed [end insert]

Plate 2 Bronze fig. of Gundsuma Stop 5 used exposure 5 seconds Good strong light [insert] underexposed 3 times more [end insert]

Plate 3 Terra Cotta Tanagra fig against dark background Stop 5 used exposure 5 seconds Light not so strong

Plate 4 Two Tanagra figures against a white background Stop 5 used exposure 8 seconds Light not so strong

Page 38 [marked 45 on top]

Development continued

For objects not more than 30 ft from camera such as carvings and details in very strong relief and with strong contrasts

Pyro 60

Bromide 30

Ammonia 30 to be made up to 3 ozs with water

For every object not more than 10 ft from the camera Pyro 10 minims

Page 39 [marked 46 on top]

Development

For open subjects such as landscapes, architecture &c

7 1/2 x 5 plates require 3 ozs of developer

Pyro 20 to 40 minims per oz

Bromide equal quantity

Ammonia 1/2 to 2/3 (begin with the smaller quantity)

Pyro 90

Bromide 90

Ammonia 45 to be made up to 3 ozs with water

For distant landscapes and subjects showing very slight contrasts

Pyro 180

Bromide 90

Ammonia 90 at first to be made up to 3 ozs with water

Page 40 [marked 47 on top]

July 10th G.G.

Pl 1 Bronze figure of Faun (Satyr) no 4 stop used good light exposure about 5 seconds

Tanagra figure very much under-developed which causes background to be toned instead of white

Skull also underdeveloped giving same results.

Page 41 [marked 48 on top]

The evening light of the above was too weak except for detailed subject use no 3 stop

Wednesday morning 10.30 to 11.30

At Grosvenor Gardens A 60 B 30 C 30 Stop Exposure Bronze figure and Egyptian painted tablet taken with small lens no stop used. Light good exposed about 4 seconds Ditto for Tanagra figure and monkeys head

Bronze figure holding vase exposed right time and the development about right. Might have been a little longer

Page 42 [marked 49 on top]

July 4th
Bus fares 2d 2d 2d 2d

6th 1d 1d 1d 1d

Saturday July 6th
Instantaneous plates
Pl 1 Mochtons Lodge
Pl 2 view up valley
Pl 3 Foliage Hedgerow
Pl 4 2nd view up valley Evening light
Good exposure in each case
Pl 5 Haystack and waggons Evening light
Pl 6 (1) Upper pond Basted
Pl 7 (2) Rushes ditto
Pl 8 (3)

Page 43 [marked 50 on top]

from Camera stop no 2 used 3 seconds exposure
Plate 6 Statue of Caesar Augustus at Rushmore (second new) similar in every respect as no. 5 [Added] right exposure

Wednesday July 3rd
Packed for London in black relic box unbound nos of journals undevelopeed and unexposed plates

July 3rd Instantaneous
Plate 1 (7) Rushmore House Exterior sun not shining stop no 2 exposure about 1 1/2 seconds [Added]undeveloped
Plate 2 (8) View of Gates Rushmore (with storks) same as regards light &c as No 1 undeveloped underexposed
Plate 3 (9) View of statue &c ditto as regards light &c

Page 44 [marked 51 on top]

Instantaneous
Plate 1 view from back of Gros Gardens no stop used
Plate 2 Mr James taken in the dining room G.G. 3 seconds

"Instantaneous plate
July 1st Monday
Plate 1 King John's House new from Garde above similar to sketch Good light abt 5 oclock stop no 4 exposure 1 second
Plate II K.J.'s Hs new from near Entrance gate Light &c same as above

July 2nd "Instantaneous plates"
Plate 3 K.J.'s Hs Staircase Interior exposure 5 seconds
Plate 4 Ditto exposure 10 Good light small lens
Plate 5 Statue of Caesar Augustus at Rushmore about 25ft

Page 45 [marked 52 on top]

4 to 5 Friday
June 28th Ordinary Plates
Views of Battersea Park
[Added on side] Plates successful
Plate 1 exposed about 15 seconds no 4 stop
Plate 2 ditto 20 seconds same stop Good light in both cases Bridge in B. Park Strong sunlight 4 stop about 15 seconds
Plate 4 View on lake with foreground of water plants &c Exposed abt 20 seconds stop no 4 strong light
Plate 5 Interior exposure terra cotta objects exposed 2 minutes
Plate 6 Interior exposure terra cotta vase exposed 2 minutes Light very good

Page 46 [marked 53 on top]

Measures glass
10 oz 4 oz 2 drams

Lamp
Houghton 89 Holbourn
10 x 8 front opal glass with yellow fabric for oil (make allowance for more air)

Printing fumes
3 whole plate with glass beds and felt pads

7 1/2 x 5 cutting glass plate glass abt. 1 ft sq for cutting point.

1/4 [illegible] Sensitised paper
finely ground focussing screen glass

4 to 5 Friday

Page 47 [marked 54 on top]

avoiding lumps and put under pressure

Requisites
Bromide of Potassium 1/4 lb
Ammonia (strong) 1 lb 880
Hypo sulphite of soda 7 lbs (stone jar)
Pulverised Alum 2 lbs
Pulverised Borax 1/4 lb
Tube of Chloride of Gold 15 gram
For developing
For Hypo specialty 1
2 Porcelain dishes 11 x 9 deep
Deep papier-mache for developing 7 1/2 x 5
For toning &c for Fixing alone porcelain
1 12 x 10 deep dish
2 13 x 11 deep dish
Page 48 [marked 55 on top]

When finished place prints in water bath (still sensitive) Remember dull [insert] white [end insert] light to be used

4 Fixing
4 oz Hypo to pint of water fresh every time

Keep one dish entirely for Hypo
Avoid Hypo until toning is done
Wash prints in this fixing bath 1/4 hours turning over and over Do not let hand which is touching Hypo solution get near other prints
5 Wash prints for 3 hours in running water

Mounting
Glenfield patent starch mix with boiling water till like jelly when cold rub well in to back of print
avoiding lumps and put

Page 49 [marked 56 on top]

separately till no milkiness
10 minutes
Remove soluble salts

No 2 wash 2 or 3 minutes in water which has 1 tablespoon common soda
Wash once in clean water

3 Take 15 gum Chloride of gold bottle put into large bottle with 15 drams of water shake up till bottle breaks We leave [?] now at a 10% p chloride of gold solution
Take 1 dram of this to about [insert] 10-12 [end insert] 12-14 half plate prints and put into tray with enough water to cover the points add 30 grs of Borax to 1 dram of chloride of gold solution
put prints in one by one separately carefully and keep moving turning over and over

1/4 hour to 20 mn Soon till all redness disappears and purple results

Page 50 [marked 57 on top]

Use Hypo over and over again

20 [illegible]

[insert] It [end insert] washes off all un-decomposed silver salts
Wash negative 1 hour [insert] and over [end insert] in running water
(Not all night) to
to remove every trace of Hypo
Alum bath to be used if found necessary (frilling)
Thoroughly dry
This is absolutely necessary

Printing
Print till up in different light in the open air till just spoiled

Toning
No 1 Thoroughly wash prints changing water often turning each print over separately till no

Page 51 [marked 58 on top]

mixing
A 40 minims (drops)
B 30 ditto
C 60 30 ditto
Fill up to 2 oz [insert] 3 ozs [end insert]
Ammonia to be varied according to rapidity of development begin with say 30 minims Develope [sic] until the [illegible, possibly darkest] parts (which are light) are almost jet black
If overexposed diminish 3 [insert] C [end insert] and increase 2 A
Begin with too little ammonia 1/2 quantity say

1 Developer
2 Check Development
3 Assists development
[insert] Be careful to wash [end insert]

Fixing
Saturated solution of Hypo Immerse plate till all whiteness disappears 1 to 5 minutes

Page 52 [marked 59 on top]

No 5 plate as No 4 in every respect but with exposure of 20 seconds (Light the same)
No 6 plate Bronze statuette against white or light background. 5 ft from object to lens. Light failing so exposed for 4 minutes.
un[inser]der[end insert]exposed [Added] 3 or 4 times as long

Developement [sic] % [Added] 10 per cent solution
Bottle A Pyro
Pyro 1 oz
Citric acid 60 grams = 1/8 oz
Water up to [insert] 9 1/8 [end insert[] 10 ozs [fluid ozs]

Bottle B Bromide
Bromide of Ammonia 1 oz
Add water up to 10 oz.

Bottle C
Liquid Ammonia 1 oz
Water up to 10 ozs

Page 53 [marked 60 on top]

For 7 1/2 x 5 plate you require 3 oz of developer
Alum bath to be used after developing
2 oz of alum to 1 pint of water

Fixing bath
4 ozs of Hypo sulphite of soda to 1 pint (20 ozs) of water

10 to 11 Thursday

Exterior views
No 1 plate view of Lodge on Putney Heath about 200 ft distant (weak light) exposure about 6 seconds No 2 stop used [Added] Successful
No 2 plate same view but nearer by about 50 ft exposure about 5 seconds
No 3 plate same as no 2
No 4 plate specimen of object interior work terra cotta 5 ft 4 in from object to lens exposure 10 seconds full

Page 54 [marked 61 on top]

at 15 to 20 ft 15 minims
20 to 30 ft 20 minims
In cases of very strong contrast always use small quantities of [illegible]

B Formula for open subjects 30 ft to 100 yds such as landscapes architecture &c copying plans and drawings subjects which display only slight contrasts
Pyro 20 to 40 minims per oz
Bromide equal
Ammonia 1/2 to 2/3
to be made up to [illegible] oz with water
As the distance increases increase the strength of the developer
Subjects under weak lighting require stronger developer than if strongly lighted

C Formula for distant landscapes all subjects shewing very slight contrasts
Pyro 40 to 80 minims
Bromide and Ammonia 1/2 to 2/3
Made up to 1 oz with water

Page 55 [marked 62 on top]

10 per cent solution

No 2 1 oz of Bromide of Potassium
10 oz of water

No 3 Ammonia
1 oz of strong ammonia 88 and 9 oz of water

Formula for Mixed Developers
A Formula for near objects up to 30 ft from the camera such as carvings statuary details objects in showing relief &c All subjects of whatever nature which display strong contrasts Pyro 10 to 20 minims
Whatever quantity of Pyro is [illegible] take 1/2 quantity of Bromide and 1/2 to 2/3 of ammonia The greater quantity in cold weather
These amounts to be made up to 1 fluid oz with water
For near objects 10 ft away 10 minims of pyro would be sufficient
3 ozs for 7 1/2 x 5

[Added to side of page] 10 / 5/ 5 or 6 2/3 and 60 / 30 / 30

Page 56 [marked 63 on top]

Interior Work
Moderate sized objects such as vases &c about 3 ft from wall Light to fall on it generally at 45 [degrees]
Avoid top lights
Background of course to suit object
Brown paper suitable for light objects
Reflected lights
Shut out other lights opposed to the principal source of light.
Keep lens shaded
It is advisable to have a changing box containing as many as 18 plates

Developement [sic]
1 Solution Pyrogalic Acid
2 Solution Bromide of Potassium
3 Solution Ammonia
No 1 used is Sulpho Pyro which is supplied by the Platinotype Co 29 Southampton Row 10 oz bottles 2/2 per bottle

Page 57 [marked 64 on top]

The nearest [illegible] portion of the sun is not shining,
In bright sunlight the exposures are much shorter
1/2 second for an object 10 ft away
1/2 second for an object 10 to 30 ft
1/8 second for an object 30 to 100 ft
1/10 second for an object beyond this
With each smaller sized stop the exposure is doubled
When sunlight falls from 25 [degrees] to 16 [degrees] the exposure is doubled
16 [degrees] to 8 [degrees quadrupled
Always let your lighting and exposure suit the principal object
Always be guided in the exposures by the [illegible] portions of the subject
During the winter months double this table of exposures
In places where the light is shut out the exposure can be lengthened

[Added along side] 4 / 8 / 16 32 /64 / 128

Page 58 [marked 65 on top]

Exposures
The following table of exposures will hold good
Good summer light no sky or white clouds, sun 28 [degrees] above horizon whether shining on the whole of the subject or not using the so called instantaneous plates
Whatten and Wainwright 38 Gt Queen St. for best plates
Full aperture of portable symmetrical line
10 ft 4 seconds
10 ft to 30 ft 2 seconds
30 ft to 100 ft 1 second
100 ft to 100 yds 1/2 second
100 yds to 1/4 mile 1/4 second
Beyond this 1/8 second
The distance is always measured for exposure from the nearest prominent portion of the subject which is not in sunlight or from

Page 59 [marked 66 on top]

It is advisable to shade top of lens to cut away light from above
In dull weather or even in sun good work can be done with near subjects

Moderate distances
Objects should always be taken with diffused sunlight such as is given when the sun is behind a thin white cloud.
Time most suitable before 11 and after 3
Avoid strong light upon foliage when view to camera
The sun may be behind the camera or to one side not too high in the sky
Air quite clear and free from mist

Distant subjects beyond 100 yds
Always taken in full sunlight with the sun shining on the view Time of day not so much an object as in the last [Linked by line to above 'Air quite clear and free from mist' Ditto more particularly in this [illegible]
Page 60 [marked 67 on top]

In taking off the cap be careful that the movement is done quickly (avoiding jerking) and moved upwards
In doing this stand clear of the camera and stand
It is as well to release the cap before exposing the opening

tomorrow at 3 oclock

(Lens required 8 in. Ross portable symmetrical)

Lighting Near subjects 30 ft
For out door work best suited to a subject depends on the distance from the camera
Near subjects best taken minus sunlight
If sun is shining move objects to shade where possible

In bright weather the best time is early in the morning or late in the evening
If possible have a background abut 12 ft from the object
If possible shut out top light also on one side
[It is advisable to shade top of lens ]

Page 61 [marked 68 on top]

[Calculations headed 'Back' 'Ground''Rise''Fall'

Transcribed by AP September 2011

National Archives 39/9 page 81 and 82

2011-10-05T12:11:51+00:00

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This is a transcription of an entry in Pitt-Rivers workbook drawn up whilst he was acting as Inspector of Ancient Monuments. It was an account of pottery-making from Barvas in the Isle of Lewis.

Pitt-Rivers acquired some of this pottery, see Add.9455vol2_p320 /7-11, possibly made by this potter. The account was written in 1885 when Pitt-Rivers is known to have toured the Orkney Islands. His unnamed assistant also gives an account which dates the encounter between potter and Pitt-Rivers:

Wednesday Aug'st 12th

Drove with Genl. and Mrs R. and Mr and Mrs Tylor to Barvas. Visited large standing stone from there also some cottages, and in evening went to see Flora MacDonald (an old woman) make some pottery with blue clay (craggons) Stayed at Barvas all night [National Archives Pitt-Rivers workbook 39/16 page 222]

It is interesting that the Tylors were also present. Pitt-Rivers' account is as follows:

Barvas pottery Aug 12 this potter[y] is made by Flora McDonald who lives in a crofters house with a fire in the middle with no chimney.

She gets her clay close outside her house from soil consisting of the decomposed [illegible] She beats it with a stick or a stone then forms it with her hands with no mixture of same [sic?] or [illegible] lets it dry gradually & then put it in the peat fire & covers it over with the turf after. She burns it 2 hours & then puts it in a bowl of milk & pours some milk into it. We went and saw the spot from which she obtained the clay which was in her own holding it was a brown clay underlying about 2 feet of peat in the flat bottom of the vall[ey] the rock of the neighbourhood is gneis & granite of various qualities. She pays [£] 2 15 [shillings] for her holding several acres & a sheep run thus [insert] does not [end insert] including the tax with his 6 s [shillings] in the £ beside

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This potter and pottery (called 'craggans') is described here. The process was described by Arthur Mitchell in his book 'Past and Present [1880]:

... this was usually done by women and in their own homes. This is Mitchell's description of what he saw: "The clay she used underwent no careful or special preparation. She chose the best she could get, and picked out of it the larger stones, leaving the sand and the finer gravel which it contained. With her hands alone she gave to the clay its desired shape. She had no aid from anything of the nature of a potter's wheel. In making the smaller craggans, with narrow necks, she used a stick with a curve on it to give form to the inside. All that her fingers could reach was done with them. Having shaped the craggan, she let it stand for a day to dry, then took it to the fire in the centre of the floor of her hut, filled it with burning peats, and built burning peats all round it. When sufficiently baked, she withdrew it from the fire, emptied the ashes out, and then poured slowly into it and over it about a pint of milk, in order to make it less porous. [copied from here]

The above site concludes of the pottery:

So, the craggans were these simple clay pots; more or less spherical, sometimes decorated with marks made with a small stick, fingernail or finger-tip, hand-thrown without the use of a potter's wheel, fired on the domestic hearth, and bathed in warm milk. The potter first made her circular base and then built up the body in coils of about 1" thick; the craggan could take up to two hours to make.

You can find out much more about this type of pottery and its uses on the website here.

The website also gives more information about the pottery Pitt-Rivers saw, Flora Macdonald:

At least one craggan exists which was made by Fionnghal Bheag (Flora Macdonald) of Barvas in 1877. Mr D. I. Nicolson of Bragar had this made and sent it to a Professor Duns, who lodged it with the National Museums of Scotland. A note goes with it: "By whom made? Widow Flora McDonald. Name place and parish: Barvas in the parish of Barvas. When made? August 1877. How hardened? When dried in the sun put in the fire till red hot, then dipped in milk." (Fionnghal Bheag was a well-known local seer; she is most renowned for having 'seen' when two Nessmen had died in isolation on North Rona, and she walked to Ness to warn their relatives, who ignored her claim).

{joomplu:914 detail align right}

An account by Kate Wilson about Flora Macdonald states:

John MacDonald, a relative of Flora MacDonald and Mary Murray, recounted that when Flora had made the wares 'she would walk the dozen or so miles to Stornaway, and exchange the half sets for groceries. The tea sets were bought by tourists'. ... Mary MacDonald, Flora’s great grand daughter said of her: 'The way I heard of it in my youth from the people around me and from my father, it was my own great grandmother Flora who was the original potter. She was originally from Dell in Ness but came to live in Park Barvas when she married my great grandfather. Her maiden name was Gillies. She and her daughter Mary started making pottery.They got clay from our own croft just across the stream that runs through it. The clay was very smooth and soft and easy to work with. I heard about them making cups mainly with it. No doubt they made other vessels but I only recall hearing of cups.' She also talks about the ‘baptising of the cups’ which was a big night in the house, 'A big peat fire was prepared in the middle of the floor until the embers were red hot. The cups were placed in the fire until they became red hot. They were then lifted out and placed in a big basin of fresh milk. Seemingly this gave them a bit of a glaze and made them brown in colour. Lots of folk would come in to the house to watch that night.'

There is a description of Flora Macdonald's house on pages 83-86 of the workbook.

Sources

http://culturehebrides.com/archaeology/craggan/

'Barvas Ware: A study of the life and work of the women potters of Barvas, Isle of Lewis, the Outer Hebrides.' Kate Wilson Interpreting Ceramics, issue 10. [available on the web]

AP September 2011

S&SWM PR papers miscellaneous

2011-08-22T14:26:48+00:00

Miscellaneous S&SWM letters transcribed

B490

Memorandum

Jan 13th 1883
From: Morris Walton & Co | Publishers | 392 Strand London W.C.
To: Gen Pitt Rivers | Rushmore Salisbury

Sir, We shall be willing to produce a new drawing of your portrait from the photograph left with us on Friday and will suppress the old one, if you will give us an order for £21 worth of the new portraits when completed. We could not cancel the present ac/- we have against you as we find we have a number of the old portraits already printed & ready for issue, and these of course we should have to sacrifice

Waiting your reply We are Sir
Yrs obedly
Morris Walton & Co

----

Memorandum

Jan 17th 1883
From: Morris Walton & Co | Publishers | 392 Strand London W.C.
To: Gen Pitt Rivers | Rushmore | Salisbury

Sir, We shall esteem it a favour if you will kindly let us know your decision about the proposed new portrait as soon as possible. We are sorry to trouble you with this request, but are anxious to make the necessary arrangements for the suppression of the original portrait in accordance with your wish, and the sooner we know of your decision the easier can this be done

We are Sir
Your most obedt Servts
Morris Walton & Co

[in pencil] Make the new portrait

----

Memorandum

March 15th 1883
From: Morris Walton & Co | Publishers | 392 Strand London W.C.
To: Gen Pitt Rivers | Rushmore Salisbury

Sir, We beg respectfully to inform you that we are redrawing your portrait in the exact position etc as shown in the photograph and which we trust will this time meet with your approval. We hope to have it completed shortly and will then write and ask you kindly to call and see it on the stone

We are Sir
Yours obediently
Morris Walton & Co

P.S. It will be a 3/4 length portrait as you were good enough to suggest so as to show more of the figure

-------

List

3 Barbed Arrows 1/6 each [Add.9455vol2_p346 /2-4]

1 Ceylon Idol 10/- [Add.9455vol2_p346 /5]

1 Amber Necklace £2 [Add.9455vol2_p346 /6]

2 Japanese spears @ 15/- each [Add.9455vol2_p347 /1-2]

5 Zulu Assegais @ 1/6 each [Add.9455vol2_p347 /3-7]

4 Mozambique [ditto] @ 1/6 each [Add.9455vol2_p347 /8-11]

1 Caucasian dagger [Add.9455vol2_p348 /1]

--------

Transcribed by AP for the Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project August 2011

S&SWM PR papers B371

2011-08-22T13:29:18+00:00

List

3 Barbed Arrows 1/6 each [Add.9455vol2_p346 /2-4]

1 Ceylon Idol 10/- [Add.9455vol2_p346 /5]

1 Amber Necklace £2 [Add.9455vol2_p346 /6]

2 Japanese spears @ 15/- each [Add.9455vol2_p347 /1-2]

5 Zulu Assegais @ 1/6 each [Add.9455vol2_p347 /3-7]

4 Mozambique [ditto] @ 1/6 each [Add.9455vol2_p347 /8-11]

1 Caucasian dagger [Add.9455vol2_p348 /1]

The matching entries are given in italics above.

Transcribed by AP for Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project August 2011

S&SWM PR papers B498

2011-08-22T09:59:10+00:00

B498

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Dec'r 16th 1897

From J. & M.L. Tregaskis | Antiquarian Booksellers | "The Caxton Head" 232 High Holborn, London W.C.

General Pitt-Rivers,

Sir,

We have one of the Benin bronzes on which a considerable amount of public interest has lately been lavished, and most probably it is the only that that will ever be offered for sale, the others are all believed to be in the British Museum. It is a plaque 16 in high x 6 3/4 in. with two figures in very high relief; one a warrior holding a leaf shaped blade in one hand and an animal in the other, dressed in high helmet, a sort of collar of coiled rope with a row of upturned spikes, a band across breast, a skirt of feathers (?) and a peculiar sort of buskin. The smaller figure, holding a ram's head in his hands, is nude but the body appears to be tattooed.

These bronzes are supposed to have been made in the 16th century when the natives of W. Africa learned the art of bronze making from the Portuguese

This one was brought over by Commander E.R. Pears R.N. from whom we bought it. The price is 25 guineas.

Yours faithfully

J & MH Tregaskis per MLT

----

Dec'r 18th 1897

From J. & M.L. Tregaskis | Antiquarian Booksellers | "The Caxton Head" 232 High Holborn, London W.C.

General Pitt-Rivers,

Sir,

We are obliged for your letter & having given it due consideration have decided that we should prefer you seeing the piece before you arriving at any definite decision respecting it. We should like to send it to you on inspection so will you please say if you like your railway parcels addressed to Tisbury station to be called for, as it is too heavy to send you by parcel post. We will reduce our price to £35 and think you will consider this fair when you see what a beautiful piece it is. There is really a very small margin of profit on the price we had to pay.

Yours faithfully
J & MH Tregaskis per MLT

This is Add.9455vol5_p1594 which PR purchased in January 1898.

Transcribed by AP for the Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project August 2011

Pitt-Rivers and Webster

2011-08-17T12:13:43+00:00

B456 Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum Pitt-Rivers papers

William Downing Webster (1863-1913) was one of the foremost ethnographic dealers of the last part of the nineteenth-century in England. He was based in Bicester, Oxfordshire and London. Later in life he married Eva Cutter, another London-based ethnographic dealer. See Waterfield/King, Provenance. Barbier-Mueller Museum, 2006 for more information about him. Pitt-Rivers first known dealings with him were in August 1895, around the date of the first surviving letter. In June 1895 he had issued his first illustrated catalogue of ethnographic items for sale and this might have stimulated Pitt-Rivers to contact him.

-----

This letter is undated so it is not clear where it should go, Pitt Rivers got a New Guinea bowl from Webster in April 1896 so it might date from then

W.D. Webster | Collector of Ethnological Specimens, European and Eastern Arms and Armour | Oxford House, Bicester, Oxon.

Dear Sir

I beg to acknowledge your letter and to say that I have forwarded you all three pieces of reddeer horn, the piece from the Stand I am not making any charge for, you can certainly keep the pamphlet on same

This morning I had an order from Hamburg for every Dancing Mask & New Guinea shield, the only specimen that I sent you that was not ordered was the New Guinea bowl you got

I remain
Yours faithfully
W.D. Webster

Genl Pitt Rivers

P.S. Sent per Tisbury Ry Pass train

-----

{joomplu:869 detail align right}

W.D. Webster | Collector of Ethnological Specimens, European and Eastern Arms and Armour | Oxford House, Bicester, Oxon. | Edinburgh Friday Aug 16/95

Dear Sir

I beg to acknowledge your letter, I am surprised the New Ireland dancing Club has not arrived as it was sent off the morning you wrote for it.

I bought the Lapland skull & I presented to Mr Napier together which was written on in ink but the once you got was written in pencil. I showed it to a medical gentleman & he said it was correct.

The harp you mention is Burmese but I sold it some time ago to a gentleman for 37/6 but have not received the money for that & some other specimens, I am writing to him tonight asking if he will part with it, he is not a collector but an artist.

I expect to have a fine lot of fresh specimens in next week as I am now going round the Country buying, have just had a large order from Berlin Museum they want all the New Guinea dancing masks & that Dancing shield you got & a lot other things.

I give you sketches of two musical instruments. Either Burmese or Malay [Drawing] Yellow polished wood full length 36 in 9 1/4 wide. the instrument is not hollow but consists of one piece about 1 1/2" thick & all ivory mounted with grotesque or convention head at end £1.10.0

[Drawing] Two stringed instrument wooden bowl & dark haw [?] wood stem 7/6 full length 24 inch

Both instruments have lost their strings

No 110 in June catalogue is a very interesting specimen there is none like it in your Collection at Oxford.

I enclose a/c as requested - Shall return home in a few days, all letters are forwarded on to me.

I remain
Yours faithfully
W.D. Webster

Genl Pitt Rivers | Rushmore

{joomplu:870 detail align right}

The New Guinea dancing shield is probably Add.9455vol3_p1176 /2 so it obviously did turn up eventually. The Lapland skull appears to be Add.9455vol3_p1177 /3, the instruments do not appear in the catalogue of the second collection.

-----

Ansd Sept 18/95

W.D. Webster | Collector of Ethnological Specimens, European and Eastern Arms and Armour | Oxford House, Bicester, Oxon. | Sept 13/95

Dear Sir

I beg to acknowledge your letter enclosing cheque & enclose receipt herewith.

The two New Guinea specimens have been sent off this day per passenger train

A Burmese Pedestal

I enclose another proof which kindly return as I have no marks on it I have marked in red what glasses missing which is silvered white glass with the exception of one piece of amber in the centre left panel, this can easily [illegible] in as the glass is embedded in cement there are two or three other pieces that are cracked but not noticeable.

{joomplu:871 detail align right}

The ends are not glass but as shewn over, there is about 2 makes of woodwork (which is teak) above top glass shewn in drawing which would be right for fixing moulding if it was going to be made into anything, it can be well packed & sent you on approval if you wish but if you do not keep it kindly return it at once as I have written a gentleman at Durham about it who goes in for Indian work

I remain
Yours faithfully
W.D. Webster

Genl Pitt Rivers | Rushmore

P.S. Have sent two N.G. specimens by goods instead of passenger to Tisbury station

The two New Guinea objects were Add.9455vol3_p1204 /1-2, the Burmese pedestal is Add.9455vol3_p1215 /2

------

W.D. Webster | Collector of Ethnological Specimens, European and Eastern Arms and Armour | Oxford House, Bicester, Oxon. | Oct 3/95

{joomplu:872 detail align right}

Dear Sir

I herewith send you sketches of four Samoan Clubs I bought at same time as the one I sent you on appro The three longest 20/- each the smallest 10/-

Kindly let me have the sketches of same back & oblige

I remain
Yours faithfully
W.D. Webster

Genl Pitt Rivers

P.S. The Dyak dress I mentioned arrived today & is New Guinea, the breast ornament of same is very fine composed of 18 split boar tusks shells & coix seeds, but have not bought it yet

The Samoan club he had already sent was Add.9455vol3_p1217 /1, Pitt-Rivers does not appear to have purchased the others, or at least they are not listed in the catalogue of the second collection.

-----

W.D. Webster | Collector of Ethnological Specimens, European and Eastern Arms and Armour | Oxford House, Bicester, Oxon. | April 22/96

Dear Sir

I beg to acknowledge your order with best thanks, the only reduction I can make is 5% five per cent for cash. Everything in your order I could have sold without troubling to catalogue to either Vienna. Berlin. Dresden Hamburg & Stockholm Museums all of which are wanting those things I shall have [illegible] by telegram for them in morning, if I was to let one Museum have them the others would say I had given them preference so I now sell to first person whose order comes in, I have visited all the Ethnographical Museums on the Continent this year & without exception they asked me ask more for my specimens they all give me far larger orders than people & museums in England

The two boomerangs 97 & 98 went to Edinburgh Museum this morning. With reference to the North American tent, it was too large to make a sketch of & is far better than I thought when I catalogued it, there are painted figures all round with tomahawks, &c it is a specimen I am certain of selling to Christchurch Museum New Zealand, I have sent it you on approval & will accept seven guineas cash for it I gave six guineas. I know two gentlemen in Borneo who promised to get me some heads the one I have got I could not take less than £2.5.0 for

I remain
Yours faithfully
W.D. Webster

Genl Pitt Rivers

P.S. The New Zealand paddle [insert] 63 [end insert] took 63 me three months to get I bought from Capt Chegwyn con [?] who wanted £150 for it there is not another like it in Europe, It is a long figure but very little more more than it cost me I would not take any less for it

The paddle could possibly be Add.9455vol8_p2248 /2

----

W.D. Webster | Collector of Ethnological Specimens, European and Eastern Arms and Armour | Oxford House, Bicester, Oxon. | Feby 17, 1897

Dear Sir

I beg to acknowledge your letter & telegram, and have this day forwarded you per passenger train the two specimens telegraphed for & also a pair of carved wood stirrups which came out of a collection of Armour I sold at Lambourne Place Bucks some years ago

Did you notice no 27 has a man & a turtle carved on it. I hope to finish four more pages of my Catalogue tonight & will ask the printers to send you proofs, and if you will send me a post card with numbers of any of the specimens you would like I will reserve them for you, address [insert] W.D.W. [end insert] c/o Dr Hylman Stolpe | National Museum | Stockholm Where I shall be next Wednesday or Thursday. I shall be having proofs of the four pages sent to me at Amsterdam & shall most probably sell most of the things catalogued so for while I am away I leave here tomorrow for London

I remain
Yours faithfully
W.D. Webster

Genl Pitt Rivers

NB I am not sure the date of this letter has been read right, it might be later

----

W.D. Webster | Collector of Ethnological Specimens, European and Eastern Arms and Armour | Oxford House, Bicester, Oxon. | Feby.15.1897

Dear Sir

I have this day forwarded to my printers first eight pages of my next catalogue and have told them to send proofs of some on to you direct to save time. I think several of the specimens will suit so kindly let me know as soon as you receive proofs as I am going to Holland & Sweden at the end of the week & if you write at once I can get the things off before I go.

I shall be much obliged if you would kindly let me have a cheque for the specimens you bought when I was at Rushmore, as I expect to buy a quantity of specimens on my way back at Hamburg,

I remain
Yours faithfully
W.D. Webster

Genl Pitt Rivers

----

W.D. Webster | Collector of Ethnological Specimens, European and Eastern Arms and Armour | Oxford House, Bicester, Oxon. | July 17, 1897

Dear Sir

I beg to acknowledge your letter and to say that the Burmese saddle must be for a horse as the bridle that is with it could not possibly be for an Elephant.

You can have the stone Idol for £4.4 less 5& for cash, it cost me £3.10 without my travelling expenses & the carriage of it here.

Kindly send me a cheque to

3 Kendal Villas
Thurlow Park Road
West Dulwich
London

Where I shall be on Saturday & stay till the Monday when I go to Amsterdam

I do not know if my printers have sent you proofs so enclose some beneath if you wish for the things before I go away you had better wire me the numbers if you have not written when you receive this, I expect to get some Lapland specimens from Prof Retzius in Stockholm when I am there if there should be any engraved ones will give you first offer of them

I remain
Yours faithfully
W.D. Webster

Gustav Retzius (1842-1919) Swedish physician and anatomist. It is not clear which the stone idol is, there are a number of Mexican figures catalogued and dated September 1897 and it might be one of those, these were sold as a job lot, there is also a marble figure from India but that only cost £2.2.0. It may be that Pitt-Rivers did not buy. No Burmese saddle is listed in the catalogue of the second collection.

-----

W.D. Webster | Collector of Ethnological Specimens, European and Eastern Arms and Armour | Oxford House, Bicester, Oxon. | August 12th 98

Dear Sir

I beg to acknowledge your letter but must say I do not like the tone of it. You get the first offer of all my things that I think likely to suit you - at 5 per cent less than I ask anyone else - then you doubt my having buyers abroad for the same prices. I may tell you that for the large heads for tusk support I have never got less than £35 each & the smallest £25. the bronze plaques I have sold on the continent from £10 to £30 each, I am perfectly wiling to support my statement by sending you letters from continental museums up till the present time I have sold £821 worth of Benin specimens to 3 continental museums and £217 to English museums and to yourself at the time of writing £175.5.7. I quite admit I get good profits on some things else I could not live, as many of my things do not pay me. Except by having the name of getting all the best things that come into the market which I intend to keep up. Buyers like Mr Read & Partington I would not take the trouble to write to, as I would give four times what they would give myself.Many a time I have bought a quantity of specimens just to secure one good one. All the others are left on my hands. As a matter of fact I do not feel a bit better off than when I started except that my collection has increased, and if I could afford it I certainly would not part with anything. Being just as much collector at heart as you are, & asa matter of fact I fell out with all my relations in taking my hobby up as a business & giving up my proper work as an Eccliastical designer.

I am sending the Benin & other things tomorrow the two Eskimo bows I will let you have at £10 nett all though they are the only two I have ever been able to get. I hope the Skeleton arrived safely

I remain
Yours faithfully
W.D. Webster

Genl Pitt Rivers

No Inuit bows are listed in the catalogue of the second collection, nor is a skeleton listed of either human or animal, Webster ended up selling 221 Benin objects to Pitt-Rivers.

-----

Ansd Apr. 27/ 99

Lake View Villas | Bowness on Windermere | April 25th 1899

Dear Sir

Your letter has just been forwarded on to me and I beg to say that I cannot allow any more than five per cent discount for cash. you only want my best specimens which I can easily sell and get the full price for. I give you the first offer of my best things, if you think my prices too high I will refrain from contacting you in future

I remain
Yours faithfully
W.D. Webster

Genl Pitt Rivers

Transcribed by AP for the Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project August 2011

Pitt-Rivers and Rollin & Feuardent

2011-08-17T09:47:12+00:00

B448 S&SWM PR papers

[Stamp] Rollin & Feuardent | Dealers of Coins, Medals, Gems, Antiquities &c | Gt Russell Street, Bloomsbury | 4 Rue de Louvois Paris |

Dec 7 1886

Dear Sir

The reference given in Lord Selborne's paper, to which you refer, are to the first edition of "Coheu", the second edition now in course of publication will of course include all the published types, and will apper [sic] in the 6th vol which will be out about the end of this month, I send you this day vol. 5 and hope to send you vol 4 in a few days when I expect a fresh supply

Yours very obediently
Francis E. Whelan [illegible squiggle]

General Pitt Rivers | Rushmore | Salisbury | Wilts

P.S.

I send by this post the catalogue containing an account of the find together with descriptions of the objects, of the "Tresor de Montcornet" this is one of the most remarkable treasures of silver objects ever found in Gaul and I venture to think worthy of a place in your Museum

You will see the sale by auction takes place in Paris on the 20th FEW [illegible squiggle]

Pitt-Rivers did not purchase any of the Montcornet finds, or at least they are not listed in the catalogue of the second collection.

-----

61 Gt Russell Street, Bloomsbury | 4 Rue de Louvois Paris | Rollin & Feuardent | Dealers of Coins, Medals, Gems, Antiquities and Numismatic Books

London April 6 1888

Dear Sir

I have to acknowledge receipt of your esteemed favour and have written to Paris for specimens of Roman coins with the [crossed out P drawing]

Yours very obediently
Francis E. Whelan [illegible squiggle]

General Pitt Rivers | Rushmore | Salisbury | Wilts

------

Ansd Sept 22

London 19 Bloomsbury Street W.C. | Paris 4 Rue de Louvois | Rollin & Feuardent | Dealers of Coins, Medals, Gems, Antiquities and Numismatic Books

London Sept 21st 1891

Dear Sir

I am in receipt of your esteemed favour I can supply two cabinets of the very best workmanship of the following dimensions Height 15 inches Width 11 3/8 in Depth 11 3/8 in containing 28 trays (each) the trays pierced with 1 1/4 holes 49 holes in each tray 7 x 7 thus each cabinet will hold 1372 coins, if the two are beyond your requirements I can offer one, if on the other hand should you prefer two cabinets of smaller size I could have them made for you to any pattern as I think it very unlikely that you will find two cabinets exactly to your wants, if you will kindly let me know exactly the size you wish the holes, (which you do not mention in your note) and the number of trays in each cabinet I will forward you an estimate

Yours very obediently
Francis E. Whelan [illegible squiggle]

General Pitt Rivers | Rushmore | Salisbury | Wilts

----

London 19 Bloomsbury Street W.C. | Paris 4 Rue de Louvois | Rollin & Feuardent | Dealers of Coins, Medals, Gems, Antiquities and Numismatic Books

London Sept 24th 1891

Dear Sir

The cabinets I sent you particulars of are £8/8/- each.

I can supply you the cabinet according to the measurements & details you send at £5/5- each

Yours very obediently
Francis E. Whelan [illegible squiggle]

General Pitt Rivers | Rushmore | Salisbury

-----

Ansd Sept 29/91

London 19 Bloomsbury Street W.C. | Paris 4 Rue de Louvois | Rollin & Feuardent | Dealers of Coins, Medals, Gems, Antiquities and Numismatic Books

London Sept 28th 1891

Dear Sir

I am in receipt of your instructions for the two coin cabinets but before putting them in hand think it better to advice you that the estimate forwarded you £5/5/- each was for mahogany cabinets, the wood most usually employed and the cost of making them in rosewood according to drawing and with flush handles will be £5.17.6 each. I should also be glad to know if the doors of the cabinet you have are with flush or sunken panels, if you could spare the case and one tray of the cabinet you have and would forward me same it would ensure absolute uniformity.

I have a small cabinet the counterpart of yours with ebony fillet and edging but it is in dark mahogany

Yours very obediently
Francis E. Whelan [illegible squiggle]

General Pitt Rivers | Rushmore | Salisbury

-----

Ansd Oct 1/91

London 19 Bloomsbury Street W.C. | Paris 4 Rue de Louvois | Rollin & Feuardent | Dealers of Coins, Medals, Gems, Antiquities and Numismatic Books

London Sept 30th 1891

Dear Sir

I am in receipt of your note and on the other side you will please find particulars of a small mahogany coin cabinet the price is £5/3/-.

I am
Yours very obediently
Francis E. Whelan [illegible squiggle]

General Pitt Rivers | Rushmore | Salisbury

Height 10 1/2 inches

Width (across doors) 10 3/8 inches

Depth 10 3/8 inches

5 pierced with holes 1 5/8 diameter 5 x 5

10 pierced with holes 1 1/2 diameter 5 x 5

5 pierced with holes 1 1/4 bare 6 x 6

----

This cabinet will contain 555 coins

-----

{joomplu:867 detail align right}

Ansd Jan 11th Sabatier returned same day

[Stamp] Rollin & Feuardent | Coins, Medals, Antiquities &c | 19 Bloomsbury Street London W.C. |4 Rue de Louvois Paris

Jany 8th 1892

Dear Sir

On the other side I beg to hand you the outline of a vase of red ware from Egypt which I think will interest you, I have also acquired from the same source a number of fragments of Egyptian pottery of various epochs notably one piece with a name and shall be very glad to forward these together with the vase for your inspection May I ask if you have quite finished with my copy of Sabatier Monnaie Byzantine loaned you some time since as I am at this moment cataloguing some coins and should be glad to refer to it.

Yours very obediently
Francis E. Whelan [illegible squiggle]

General Pitt Rivers | Rushmore | Salisbury | Wilts

This must be Add.9455vol3_p789 /1, the fragments are shown below in the second image here.

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[Stamp] Rollin & Feuardent | Coins, Medals, Antiquities &c | 19 Bloomsbury Street London W.C. |4 Rue de Louvois Paris

Nov 13 1891

Dear Sir

I forwarded you some few days since addressed Tisbury Station, the small coin cabinet and trust it has reached you safely

Yours very obediently
Francis E. Whelan [illegible squiggle]

General Pitt Rivers | Rushmore | Salisbury | Wilts

----

{joomplu:868 detail align right}

Ansd Dec 12/92

[Stamp] Rollin & Feuardent | Coins, Medals, Antiquities &c | 19 Bloomsbury Street London W.C. |4 Rue de Louvois Paris

London Dec 8 1892

Dear Sir

I am forwarding you by this post a copy of the catalogue of the Collection of Coins of the late Mr H Durden you will note that lots 3, 6, 7, 8 10 & 12 are all from local finds and such will be of interest and importance to you lot 33 also contains some local mints.

Should you not be in town at the date of the sale (the 20th inst) I shall have much pleasure in asking for you if you will kindly let me know the lots you most desire

With compliments
I remain
Yours very obediently
Francis E. Whelan [illegible squiggle]

General Pitt Rivers | Rushmore | Salisbury | Wilts

No coins from Rollin & Feuardent are listed in the catalogue of the second collection, but Pitt-Rivers did purchase from this sale see Add.9455vol3_p890 /3 and on, it is not clear from the catalogue whether Pitt-Rivers attended the sale himself or got a proxy like Whelan to attend on his behalf.

------

19 Bloomsbury Street | London W.C. | Dec 16 1892

Dear Sir

I am in receipt of your esteemed favour this morn the various types which differ but slightly are represented in each lot under the Nos 6.7.8.

Sir John Evans is very desirous of acquiring No 12 it will probably sell for about £12 to £15. I am enclosing herewith the portion of gold wreath

Yours very obediently
Francis E. Whelan [illegible squiggle]

General Pitt Rivers | Rushmore | Salisbury | Wilts

Transcribed by AP for the Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project August 2011.

Dealers Correspondence N - Z

2011-08-16T15:40:24+00:00

B series S&SWM PR papers

Here are a selection of the letters from various dealers who Pitt-Rivers dealt with when amassing his second collection. They are all held by Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum Pitt-Rivers papers, in the business section of the archive and copyright remains with them:

Index of dealers with letters below:

Rathbone

Ready

Richards

Sotheby

Unterberger

Wells

Willson

B442 Rathbone

20 Alfred Place West, | South Kensington, London, S.W. | Old Wedgwood Porcelain, Pottery, Bric-a-Brac, &c | F. Rathbone | 14th September 1891

General Pitt-Rivers

Sir,

I venture to address you who is well known as an Art Collector.

I don't know if you like Old Wedgwood but need not say I shall be glad at any time to show my collection without afecting [sic] a purchase at the same time & always glad of any business.

For twenty years I have studied the subject thoroughly and have the reputation of knowing it well. My collection, with recent purchases is larger than can be seen in all the Museums in London. I guarentee everything I sell.

I look upon Old Wedgwood as the one English [insert] ceramic [end insert] art in which we excel the foreigner produced at the best time of Louis XVI period. The [illegible] and other factories paying Wedgwood the compliment by copying his work.

My principal business is done by sending or taking wanted specimens to my customers because with a connection I do not keep many good pieces any long time.

Sometime this or early next I am taking a few pieces to Somersetshire and should be very pleased to be allowed to submit some to you if convenient amounting to some repected [sic] pieces

I have some good Salt glaze but not much Slip. Sold a very fine Ralph Simpson dish early this year

I was compelled to oppose you at Sothebys over the Toft dish could have gone further without offending my customer. I told him it was not possible to keep it

You may be sure I shall not send or bring what is difficult to sell if allowed

I am Sir
Yours very obediently
Fred Rathbone

Pitt-Rivers bought a salt glaze tea-pot and other things off him on 26 November 1891, so Rathbone must have seen him with his wares.

----

20 Alfred Place West, | South Kensington, London, S.W. | Old Wedgwood Porcelain, Pottery, Bric-a-Brac, &c | F. Rathbone | 28th November 1892

General Pitt-Rivers

Sir,

You will probably remember when you kindly called here the other day a frame of Tassie antique Genus oval hanging in the window beside the 2 pieces of Glass you purchased.

Tassie was a great man in glasswork his copies of the antique genus are found in many collections as originals. I think he is worth collecting a few examples of. His catalogued - alternate pages in French and English is a marvel of patience Wedgwood and his work until Flaxman appeared

I have a very pretty Chippendale miniature cabinet of 3 drawers containing 63 superb examples all [illegible]cut and polished no finer specimen exists. I speak from Knowledge having made the catalogue of the family collection sold at Christies 1880. Each drawer has little ivory wells to hold each gem price of all £45. Enclosed a rough outline of the cabinet, (but with 4 drawers) this I made for Mr Baddesley to hold some seals he had also a sketch of Tapies life. Dec 8 I am sending this to Marlborough House (if unsold) for HRH Princess If you would like to see it before then it shall be sent you for kind inspection. I shall never again see anything like it.

If you have no desire for this It would oblige me if you would kindly return the life & sketch in enclosed envelope for I have no other at present

Believe me Sir
Yours very obediently
Fred Rathbone

It is very easily packed

Pitt-Rivers did purchase 2 glass paintings from Rathbone, they are Add.9455vol3_p867 /3-4

------

B443 Ready

55 Rathbone Place | London W. | Memorandum from W. Talbot Ready Antiquary and Numismatist | Oct 16th 1888 | To: General A.H. Pitt-Rivers F.S.A. &c

Dear Sir,

A friend of mine has a few antiquities or rather curiosities which he wishes to dispose of. They are from New Guinea and were obtained by him on the spot, during the time he was sketching for a publishing firm.

The whole could be bought for £12 and are well worth it - If you would care to see them would you kindly let me know or apply direct to him

Hume Nisbet, Unity Villas, Wealdstone, Middlesex

I am Sir
Yours obediently
Wm Talbot Ready

----

55 Rathbone Place | London W. | Oct 27th 1891

General A.H. Pitt-Rivers C.B., D.C.L. F.S.A &c &c

Dear Sir,

Enclosed I send you the account for your last purchase from me. I have taken the opportunity to enclose two pennies of Aethelred II, both of Dorsetshire mints, and which from their rarity I rather think may be absent from your collection. Neither of these coins were in the "Warne Collection" though examples of them are quoted in his "Dorset Mints".

Should you not wish to keep them will you please return them to

Sir
Yours obediently
Wm Talbot Ready

C218 | 55 Rathbone Place | London W. | W. Talbot Ready | Dealer in Antiquities, Coins, Medals, Gems, etc

Oct 27th 1891 General A.H. Pitt-Rivers CB FSA &c &c

20 penny of Aethelred II struck at Dorchester [Copy of inscription] price 38/-

28 penny of Aethelred II struck at Wareham [Copy of inscription] price 32/-

------

Ansd Apr. 16/96

April 14th 1896 | To: Genl A.H. Lane Fox Pitt-Rivers C.B., F.S.A., F.R.S. &c &c &c | From W. Talbot Ready | 55 Rathbone Place | London W

Dear Sir,

I have had sent me a few fine Hungarian bronzes, (6 bronze axe (hammers?) 1 spear head, and a copper axe-adze). I thought that they might probably interest you & so have ventured to send you herewith some rough tracings, which show the actual sizes, and to add beneath a few remarks concerning them. If you would care to see them, may I ask you to be so good as to favour me with a note after receiving which I would send them on to you for inspection.

I am Sir
Yours obediently
Wm Talbot Ready

1. A fine bronze spear head, ornamented with engraved lines

2,3 Two bronze axes, elaborately ornamented with engraved lines

4 One bronze axe elaborately ornamented with engraved lines, smaller

5. A remarkable bronze axe ornamented with engraved lines. The sides of the axe raised to form a sort of strengthening flange and a raised rib running down the centre

6. A double axe of copper, the cutting edges arranged horizontally & perpendicularly

7 8 } Two bronze axes, similar in form to 2, 3 & 4 but without ornaments

Price of the 8 pieces £100

-----

£85 offered on Apr 30/96

April 17th 1896 | To: Genl A.H. Lane Fox Pitt-Rivers C.B., F.S.A., F.R.S. &c &c &c | From W. Talbot Ready | 55 Rathbone Place | London W

Dear Sir,

I regret very much to have to say that I cannot break up the little lot of Hungarian bronzes. They have been sent to me in fact, as they are, and as just now I cannot manage to take them owing to my having very much overstocked myself at the recent Montagu sale of Greek coins, I thought you might like to know of them; especially as they are a select lot, and cheap.

I am Sir
Yours obediently
Wm Talbot Ready

-----

May 4th 1896 | To: Genl A.H. Lane Fox Pitt-Rivers C.B., F.S.A., F.R.S. &c &c &c | From W. Talbot Ready | 55 Rathbone Place | London W

Dear Sir,

I regret very much to have to say that I cannot accept your offer for the bronzes. They cost me £90 plus carriage &c and I offered them at a really low price as I was wishful of turning over the money. I was a very heavy purchaser at the Montagu coin sale & had need of it. I have just returned from Paris, otherwise your letter would have been answered sooner.

I am Sir
Yours obediently
Wm Talbot Ready

Pitt-Rivers did buy these Hungarian weapons, see Add.9455vol3_p1273 /2, he paid the full price of £100. Sketches of them exist in the S&SWM PR papers but are not shown here.

------

May 22 1896 | To: Genl A.H. Lane Fox Pitt-Rivers C.B., F.S.A., F.R.S. &c &c &c | From W. Talbot Ready | 55 Rathbone Place | London W

Dear Sir,

I am greatly obliged by your kindness in acceding to my request. Herewith I beg to hand you your discharged invoice.

If you would like to have the larger terra cotta from Myrina - woman veiled and holding a child - I shall be pleased to send it to you at the reduced price of £5

Again returning you my earnest thanks

I am Sir
Yours obediently
Wm Talbot Ready

Pitt-Rivers does not appear to have purchased the terra cotta figure, or at least it is not recorded in the catalogue of the second collection

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B446 Richards

Ansd Dec 31/94

S. Richards, | Friar Lane | Nottingham | Telegraphic Address: Ricardo, Nottingham | Dec 20/94

Harold Gray Esq | Rushmore

Dear Sir

I beg to acknowledge your favour of the 9th & have sent 3 Mosaics to Tisbury Stan by goods train, the larger ones on approval & Brass Incense ref. by parcels post, also the catalogue

Yours most truly
S. Richards

The panels are presumably Add.9455vol3_p1029 /1 and on, the incense holder is Add.9455vol3_p1030 /1

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S. Richards, | Friar Lane | Nottingham | Telegraphic Address: Ricardo, Nottingham | May 29/97

General Pitt Rivers | Rushmore

Dear Sir

I have pleasure in sending the object desired on approval, and hope they will be liked. In the event of all being taken I will make the price for the lot £10-10-0 The Knife is a very curious, and uncommon object.

With reference to the two elaborate carvings I notice from a note in todays "Athenaeum" that there appears to have been work of this kind done in Nottingham during the 15th century - cutting enclosed. I had never heard of this before though I have occasionally met with such carvings in the locality, and this pair I bought in this town itself. Must get from Mr Hope on the first opportunity some information about this

Yours most obediently
S. Richards

It is not clear which carvings are being referred to, one of them might be Add.9455vol4_p1432 /2 or Add.9455vol9_p2352 /5, the knife might be Add.9455vol8_p2165 /1

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Ansd June 16/97

S. Richards, | Friar Lane | Nottingham | Telegraphic Address: Ricardo, Nottingham | June 14/97

General Pitt Rivers | Rushmore

Dear Sir

I beg to enclose photograph of the engraved pewter dish mentioned to Mr Gray on Friday last. It has round the border four subjects [illegible] hunting, fox hunting, coursing and Hare Hunting. The men are in costumes of the time of James II. At the back is the mark of a pewterer who worked in London in 1685 according to Mr John Hope.

It measures 27 in in diameter, and is by far the finest English piece I have ever seen If you would like it sending I will put it in a case for your inspection. Price is £12.10.0. I sold this dish to Dr Lawson Tait many years ago for £14 or £15 and repurchased it with a number of other things by private contract when his collection was dispersed. Previously the dish was in the collection of Mr Peacock the Lincolnshire antiquary.

Yours most respectfully
S. Richards

No pewter dish from Richards is listed in the catalogue of the second collection, no photograph of the dish is in the S&SWM PR collections.

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B450 Sotheby ...

Answered 11 April 83

13 Wellington Street, Strand | London W.C. | Mar 28th 1883

Dear Sir

Sale of China &c March 19 1883

We find you had the wrong ware medallion delivered to you at the above sale. If you will be good enough to look at the one you have you will find it is "Maria Regina de Inglaterra" and the one you purchased is "Isabella Cosimo" which we have here.

Yours faithfully
Sotheby Wilkinson & Hodge

per [initials]

To Gen Pitt Rivers

Isabella Cosima medallion is Add.9455vol1_p185 /2

------

B452 Unterberger

Ansd 26 Nov 82

Franz Unterberger Innsbruck | 10 Burggraben 10 - 1 Mufeumstrasse 1

General Pitt Rivers 4 Grosvenor Gardens London

13 Nov 1882

Sir

I beg to ask you if you have receipt the box sent off on 18th Sept by packet-post containing wood-figures et al I remain

Sir
yours most respectfully
Fr Unterbergen

See Add.9455vol1_p99 /1 and on for these objects

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B457 Wells

General Pitt Rivers | Grosvenor Gardens

Dear Sir

I have consulted Mr Wells with regard to your offer for the Fairfax Black Jack & in consequence of our season having been such a disappointment he is willing to accept £16.10.0 for it. It is an extremely fine & rare piece & is honestly worth more

I am
Sir
Your obedient Servt
per W.H. Wills pp

----

to General Pitt Rivers

Sir

I have consulted Mr Wells about the two William & Mary flat candlesticks & the Byron Black Jack, the lowest price we could accept for them is £70 viz the two candlesticks £50 & the Black Jack £20

I am
Sir
Your obedient Servt
per W.H. Wills pp

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B458 Willson

393 Strand W.C. | Dec'r 22nd 1882

To Genl Pitt-Rivers

Sir,

I beg to say I have just purchased a very curious Oriental shield, made of the semi transparent leather, of which I spoke when you called a few days since - It is very reasonable in price, & in first rate condition. I should be happy to shew it if favoured with a call

I am Sir,
Your obedt Servant
S. Willson J.E.6

Pitt-Rivers is not listed in the catalogue of the second collection as having bought a shield from Willson

Transcribed by AP for the Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project August 2011

B series Dealers

2011-08-16T14:17:27+00:00

B series S&SWM PR papers

B403 Bryce Wright

Bryce-Wright | Mineralogist & Expert in Gems & Precious Stones | The Museum 26, Savile Row, W.

March 7th 89

Sir,

I have a good armlet & a gold hair ornament you might like to see - The armlet is as follows [Drawing] & the ornament of spiral this [drawing] but [illegible] extend Gold with twisted Ends also a series of Maori [illegible]

I remain, Sir,
Yours obediently
Bryce Wright

Lieut Genl Pitt Rivers FRS

-----

B404 Carter & Co.

Ansd Sept 19/95

Telegraphic Address: Carters Pottery, Poole Telephone No 19 | Carter & Co. Encaustic Tile Works Poole Dorset | Decorative Art Potters | Manufacturers of every description of tiles for floors, wall, hearths, Cheeks, Grates, &c &c Decorative Faience, Mosaic, Lustres &c | O.C. Aug 31st 1895

General Pitt Rivers | Rushmore, near Salisbury

Sir,

We have much pleasure in sending today packed in one box and carriage paid, a few sample vases addressed to you at Tisbury Station till called for. We regret that we have not been able to send some better and more elaborate articles. We have however only commenced this department a few months. Had the notice been longer we should have been able to have done something specially. We trust however on a future occasion if we might be allowed to send something that the assortment may be more varied and of a higher art merit. One of the vases is a ruby lustre; the production of this class of ware we have given a great deal of time and attention to. We enclose in the box 2 or 3 cards if you wish to place anything against the articles to identify these with us.

We are, Sir,
Yours faithfully
Charles [illegible]

Mr Harold Gray | Rushmore, Salisbury

Dear Sir,

Your favour duly to hand for which we thank you. We are pleased to hear that General Pitt Rivers purposes permanently exhibiting the specimens we sent. As they were of so simple a character we should be very glad if the General would allow us to make no charge. The exhibiting will doubtless be of some extent an advertisement for us. We are making some more elaborate articles of the same description and we hope on a future occasion if we are asked to send anything that our specimens may be of a higher merit.

We are, Sir,
Yours faithfully
[illegible]

---

B407 Cross of Liverpool

Ansd Dec 6/98

December 2nd 1898

Cross, Liverpool | Telephone No. 6491

To General A. Pitt-Rivers | Rushmore | Salisbury

Mr Cross begs most respectfully to inform Gen. A. Pitt-Rivers that he is sending the Benin objects and others this day by passenger train to Tisbury station. Upon the other side is a complete list. Among the Benin bronzes, there is out of especial interest, it is the figure probably of a priest in solid bronze and upon which are curiously worked figures of a Cross, Beads, Girdle, etc. Mr Cross has had probably more Benin specimens through his hands than anyone living, yet he has not had anything to compare with this figure, to which he places an especial value, because it indicates with some sort of definiteness the origin and date of these specimens, however General A Pitt-Rivers will perhaps communicate directly they are inspected & state the value of any specimens detected [?] A connosseiur who called here to see these specimens wished Mr Cross to reserve four of them for him but having previously written to General A. Pitt-Rivers Mr Cross declined to reserve them.

List of specimens sent

* 1 [insert] solid [end insert] Benin bronze figure, with Cross, Beads, Girdle

1 [Benin bronze figure] with crest on head from Kings juju home

1 [Benin bronze figure] form Queens compound

1 Gold Coast bronze weight from Prempets palace

1 River Niger (Asaba) state court spear

[Added?] (not sent) 1 Wood stool Gold Coast

1 four bladed paddle River Benin

2 two bladded paddles River Benin

1 ivory war horn, Rings house, Benin city

1 Ancient head of an extinct race of Indians from Peru. A curious type with low forehead, large cheekbones and coarse black hair much resembling the Malay head.

PS Mr Cross has not sent the stool he thinks it is not required

Mr Cross has not at present either laughing jackasses or wallabys but he will inform Gen. A. Pitt-Rivers the first he receives. At this season of the year he has not much in stock, about 28 lions 6 tigers 23 panthers, 2 black panthers 27 polar bears 23 cassowaries 200 baboons apes & monkeys 200 pythons, a Rhinoceros, 2 Gigantic pythons 24 feet, perhaps however some of the lesser things would be taken. A small herd of 10 golden agouti £12 10/- pretty [illegible] breed & live on the lawn. Coati mundi. Crown Cranes. Norfolk Prairie Marmot. Macaws. Tame crested screamer fallows one, Canada geese. Mile geese. Bran [?] geese. Arctic snow geese. A miniature Shetland pony 34 inches Rare Amazons & [illegible] Lories Large purple Gali... Nicobar pigeons, Abyssinian francolins 12 large ...., a fine Argentine game bird size of a pheasant which bid fair to become naturalized in England.

Also following Museum specimens

Giant hippopotamus head

Giant elephant head

Giant Elephant skin, head & all perfect to stuff (Barnums largest) Giant Red Kangaroo perfect to stuff, Lions, Lionesses, Tigers, Panthers, perfect to stuff 3 Enormous Snakes 23 feet long skeleton and skin perfect to stuff Python reticulata 4 Elephant feet to mount as snuff-holders, tobacco jars etc 1 Orang Outang to mount 1 Giant Himalayan Bear 3 Egyptian mummies

------

B408 W.D. Cutter

W.D. Cutter 36 Gt Russell Street Bloomsbury W.C. | London Oct 13th 1882

General Pitt Rivers | Rushmore | Salisbury

Sir,

I sent off the ebonised plate stands today packed in a box, for this size the lowest price I could get them for was 3/0 each & I hope they will meet your approval.

I beg to remain,
Your obedient Servt
W.D. Cutter

---------

B409 E. Cutter

From Miss E. Cutter 36 Great Russell Street Bloomsbury London W.C. Antiquities, Curiosities, Natural History Specimens | Oct 21st 1896 To Genl Pitt Rivers Rushmore Salisbury

Dear Sir

I regret to say I have no Dyak shields just now, I sold two last week. I will write to you should I get any.

I remain
Yours truly
E. Cutter

-------

B412 S. Egger

Budapest Lloydgebaude |Saison Carlsbad Malteserkreuz | S. Egger & Comp. Münz- und Antiquitäten-handlung Wien, Kohlmarkt 8, Wallnerstrasse 1 | Vienna 12th December 1881

Dear Sir

After much troubles it succeeded us to acquire a very nice Celtic sword which we allow us to offer you.

The last price of it is £20.-.- and it is of an especially form and size. We request for a very soon answer, as we cannot reserve a piece like that for a long time.

We remain Dear Sir from very truly

S. Egger Co

Drawing [drawing attached]

Honble | General Pitt Rivers | London

-----

B413

"The Old Curiosity Shop" | 11, New Oxford Street, | London, W.C. ... | Fenton & Sons | 11th Oct '88

Genl Pitt Rivers

Dear Sir

I managed to buy the iron casket for you yesterday & left information for it to be forwarded to you with the bedstead. The key of the box could not be found when it was put up for sale, but the porter promised to have a good search & send it if he could find it.

The Oak Table I did not buy, as it realized £3-5-0

I omitted to mention to you yesterday a collection of 19 Hindoo Gods, carved in soapstone, which we have recently purchased. They are an interesting lot & you may perhaps like to see them when you are coming this way.

I am, Dear Sir,
Yours truly
WK Fenton

----

"The Old Curiosity Shop" | 11, New Oxford Street, | London, W.C. ... | Fenton & Sons | 5th Nov. '88

Genl Pitt Rivers

Dear Sir

The shield as per enclosed sketch sent by you we have sold. It was about 20 inches in length.

We enclose sketch of a smaller specimen, without the brass centre, which may possibly interest you. [insert] Price 8/- [end insert]

This appears to be complete as it is.

Yours faithfully
Fenton & Sons

----

Dear Sir

We send you wherewith a sketch of the Lead water Cistern mentioned to you last week. We have three offered to us, all of the same date 1738. On one of the others there is more ornamental border work. The price of them [insert] is [end insert] £18 each.

We are, Dear Sir,
Yours faithfully
Fenton & Sons

----

"The Old Curiosity Shop" | 11, New Oxford Street, | London, W.C. ... | Fenton & Sons | Nov. 24th 1896

General Pitt Rivers

Dear Sir

In reply to your telegram we have today forwarded to Tisbury Station on approval the goods selected by Mr Gray and we have also added three other pieces of China with similar ornamentation on.

We must apologize for not answering before this your letter of the 5th inst, but we had been waiting to write and at the same time send you some sketches but our man who does this work has been too busy to attend to us. However anything good we do not think you have missed, for a number of the specimens in Webster's catalogue are our property & we allow him to illustrate them.

In future when we get anything special likely to suit you, we will communicate with you.

We beg to remain, Dear Sir,
Yours faithfully
Fenton & Sons

------

"The Old Curiosity Shop" | 11, New Oxford Street, | London, W.C. ... | Fenton & Sons | May 17th 1898

Genl Pitt Rivers

Dear Sir

We have a set of three masks from Tyrol which we think might interest you. Enclosed is a full description of them. The price of the set is £75.0.0. and if you would like them sent to you on approval we shall be pleased to do so on hearing from you.

We are, Dear Sir,
Yours faithfully
Fenton & Sons

-----

[in pencil at top] (Part of 17.5.1898)

"The Old Curiosity Shop" | 11, New Oxford Street, | London, W.C. ... | Fenton & Sons

Genl Pitt Rivers

Dear Sir

A set of three wooden masks belonging to the Brotherhood of Berehtelsläufer in the village of Lans near Innsbruck in Tyrol 17th century:-

The first one represents the Devil, head of a monster with large buck-horns

The second a spectre (bearded head of a man carved in Gothic lines)

The third a witch (head of a woman with very long nose)

The brotherhood runs with these masks during the holy nights of the Yule-time (Berchtelnacht) through the whole village, through every house, jumping and crying and dancing to expel the Devil and the evil spirits out of the houses.

These old wooden masks are extremely scarce, there exists a few in the Museum of the Prince of Hohenzollern in Sigmaringen, in the Germanic Museum in Nuremberg [insert] and [end insert] in the Ethnological Museum in the Museum for Volkstradt in Berlin.

-----

B416 Halstaff & Hannaford

Ansd Aug 3/95

Halstaff & Hannaford | 228 Regent Street | Dealers and Importers of fine Japanese & other foreign goods, porcelain, lacquer, ivory carving, enamels, metals etc. | Established 1825 | July 31 1895

Sir

We have just received some very fine quality Old metal sword guards Iron and bronze two of which are beautifully inlaid with enamel, two or three are Shibuitchi and Shakudo all of them are 17th or 18th Century pieces, and by well known masters, I would esteem it a great favour if you would kindly allow me to send them down to you to see, there is 16 of them, & could be sent by Parcel Post, but I feel sure you would be interested as I have never had any as good before Awaiting the favour of a reply

Yours obediently
for Halstaff & Hannaford
JH Housman

------

B417 Hann

Ansd Sept 4/96

107 Praed St | Paddington | Aug 29.96

W. Hann presents his compliments to Major Pitt Rivers and has taken the liberty to enclose a list of Paintings (on Bark) of Gods which are for disposal Knowing that Major Pitt Rivers is an authority in such matters.

The paintings can be seen in London at any time or could be sent for inspection

[Printed list attached with card which says Imperial Cycle Bazaar, not transcribed]

----

B420 Henriques

The first part of this is an undated tabulated ?invoice

No. of objects	No. ofSpecimens	[Object]	[Location]	[Cost] [£]	s	d
1	1	Arrowhead [drawing] detelled	Zeland		8	6
2	1	Arrowhead of chipping [drawing] less	Ditto		9	0
3	1	Arrowhead [drawing] less	Funen		10	0
4	1	Arrowhead [drawing] dentel	Ditto		12	0
5	1	Arrowhead	Unknown		8	0
6, 7	2	Arrowhead	Unknown @8		16	0
8, 9, 10	3	Arrowhead	@9	1	7	0
11 11a	2	Arrowhead [drawing]	The whole on Moen @ £1.5	2	10	0
12	1	Arrowhead [drawing]	Tulland	1	10	0
13	1	Arrowhead		1	5	0
14	1	Arrowhead	South of Zealand	1	0	0
15	1	Arrowhead Lyre o 15 has served as model to Madsen T 39.27	Freder…berg	1	10	0
15a	1	Arrowhead black flint [Drawing]	Funen		10	0
23	1	Arrowhead dentelled	Jutland		16	0
34	1	Harpoon	Zealand		7	0
44, 45	2	Sacrificial knives very big handle	Ditto	1	12	0
51, 52	2	Knives with square handles	Funen		10	0
92	1	Spearhead [drawing] big	Ditto	2	10	0
93	1	Same shape	Hammershoi Bornholm		9	0
122	1	Spearhead dentelled Madsens T 37 No 31	Zealand	6	11	0
128	1	Ditto	Aartus Jutland T.34 11		12	0
145	1	Narrow gouge polished on 4 sides	Havnbjerg		10	0
164	1	Ditto chisel	Aartus	1	0	0
165	1	Ditto ditto shaving knife very scarce	Ditto		5	6
184	1	Gouge cut charp scarce	Love		6	6
186	1	Ditto polished four sides pointed neck	Tyderup		11	0
187	1	Ditto ditto two sides very fine pattern	Tallinge Fullen		11	0
231	1	Flat wedge polished on four sides olive very scarce	Thorslande		9	0
232 233	2	Ditto ditto	Vemmelord		7	0

		[in pencil]		30	1	6

303 and 304					7	0
300	1	Wedge with pointed neck	Gjerlov		10	0
305	1	Ditto ditto ditto ditto	Foelstang		3	0
311	1	Remarkable wedge re			3	0
313 314	2				16	0
319					15	0
429		Wedge with hole scarce			10	0
332	1	Wedge with heal [sic]	Zutland		10	0
334		Hammer without hole	Laudsgran		12	0
335		Ditto with	Hyllerup		12	0
336		Ditto	Ditto		12	0
320					6	0
358 359	2	Fashion hammer boat shaped	Bayeuse Funen	2	0	0
366 367	2	Ditto ditto	Tylland	2	0	0
363	1	Ditto ditto manestone [?]	Tueland	1	7	0
365	1	Ditto ditto	Zealand	2	8	0
368		Slingstone			8	0
369 to 78	8			1	10	0
379					6	0
387				4	0	0
390			Srimnge [?] by		14	0
391			Hol		14	0
393to 396			Proesto Bildro		4	0
397 399					2	0
409 410		Flint block big			7	0
411 12 13		Arrowhead	Greenland		15	0
414 15 16		Ditto	Ditto		6	0
417		Necklace of amber beads	Screskon Aede	1	0	0
419-34			Askoliu	1	10	0
124					6	0
				55	1	6
105					8	0
129					13	0

56.2.6

Lots 58-59 1.0.0
Lots 96-97
Lots 98-99 1.4.0
Lots 181-182 11.0
Lots 215 5.0
Lots 243 9.0
Lots 144 1.0.0
Lots 364 Fashion Hammer greenstone 2.0.0
Lots 39 Sacrificial knife Funen 5.10.0
Lots 298 Wedge 2.5.0
Lots 299 2.16.0
Total 73.2.6
Lots 166 8.0
Lots 49 5.0
Lots 120 10.0

--------

74.5.6

----------

S. Henriques | Antikviteshandel | Amagertorv No 18 | Kjobenhavn K | 10 Aug 1881

Honorable [sic] General Pitt Rivers | London

Dear Sir

Thanking you for your favour of 7 inst, I regrette [sic] very much that I did not send you the Invoice separately but I could not think that you would not open the boxes of that reason. The lot consists of 434 specimens and if you open the boxes you will at once find the invoice laid on a smaler [sic] box whereupon as written with great letters "Invoice" and shall have next the cover - But in order to [insert] that [end insert] you not shall have the [illegible] to open the boxe invain I give you an extract of the invoice and hope that you as soon as possible will send my an answer I remain dear Sir

most [illegible]
yours very truely
S. Henriques

Extract of invoice

Arrow heads No 1 - 36 incl from 2 1/2 to 11 centimetres 6 sh to 1£ 10s
Arrowheads of hand & chipping No 37 20 @ 2£.10
Sacrificial Knives
from N38-50 long: 13 à 22 cntms from 2s.6d - £5.10sh
Knives with square handles
for 51-63 long 13 à 22 cntm [illegible] 4 sh.6 to 1£ 5 sh
Laudoes [?]
dentelled spear heads &c
for 64-129 long 7 cnm 32 cnm price from 2 sh to £6-11 sh
Shaving & craquel [illegible]
for 130-142 long 10 cnm 20 cnm Price from 2 sh6 to 12 sh
Narrow gouges
for 143-145 ong 55 centimetres 20 cntm Price from 10 sh to £3
Narrow chisel
146.166 L 7-26 cntm Price from 3 sh to £1-1-0
Gouges
167-187 L 9 ct - 17 ctm Price from 1 sh 8 d - 11sh
Wedges many different types
188-333 L 6 1/2 ctm - 36 1/2 ctm Price from 1 sh to £2-16
334 - 367 L 9 ct - 25 ct Price from 4 sh 9 d to £2.8.0
368-417 2 1/2 - 36 cent Price from 2 sh to £4
418 A cencer [?] of Bronze work with iron chaines £3.6
419-434 Finding [?] the whole £1.10
If the lot is taken I give a deduction of 25 per cent

I hope Dear Sir that you will be kind enough to open the cases and look at the implements and invoice. There had too much trouble and too much loose of time as you should not do so - and I am sure you will oblige me in doing so Most respectfully S.H

-----

[Separate sheet dated 10 August 1881 and addressed to Pitt Rivers, which is very faded but seems to be a list of lot numbers and costs totalling £63 3s ending with note in different hand 'Receipt this sheet' and]

£63.6sh paid with a cheque on Messr Ransom & Bouverie S. Henriques Copenhagen 1 April 1882

-----

S. Henriques | Antikviteshandel | Amagertorv No 18 | Kjobenhavn K | 26 Sept 1881

Honorable [sic] General Pitt Rivers | London

Dear Sir

I beg to acknowledge the receipt of your favour of 22nd wherein you did not inform me the receipt of my letter 19th Aug - with a shorter list of the implements, but perhaps you did not find it sufficient, and I send you hereby a duplicate as you demand it - Yours very truly

S. Henriques

Honorable Sir

Refering you to my respects of Dec last year, I have now herewith the pleasure to forward you this magnificent and rich collection of stone implements &c, which you would oblige me kindly to examine as I only have made a few remarks by same specimens in order to share largness [?], though you will remark that the prices are very moderate, I still am willing as you [illegible] to give you the considerable deduction of £25 p cent in order to encourage you to take the lot, which must be together, but should you not withstanding the great deduction not be willing to take the lot, I could also be willing to see you a certain part of it and in this case you would oblige to tell me the number of the specimens you would keep, as I am not able to sell under a certain amount, previously I have placed Lot 133 9 sh to your [illegible] and wishing you a good receipt ... [there follows 3 pages of tables set out like the one above]

----

B421 Hirsch (on behalf of Ludwig Lindenschmit, Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum)

George Hirsch, Speditions-Geschäft | Reichsbank Giro-Conto. | Mainz den 25th Sept 1882

To General Pitt Rivers 4 Grosvenor Gdns London W.

Sir,

Dr Lindenschmidt, the director of the "Romisch-Germanisches-Central-Museum" of this town has instructed me to forward two cases, containing metal goods, to your address at the same time asking me to reimburse myself on delivery for £95.13/- as well as for my own charges thereof. I beg to inform you that there will be an additional fee of at least 50/- to be paid in that case, which however would be avoided by your sending me a cheque for the amount aforesaid.

Please let me know by return of post whether you wish me to pay on receipt of the goods or whether you will send a cheque.

Your obedt servant
George Hirsch

----

George Hirsch, Speditions-Geschäft | Reichsbank Giro-Conto. | Mainz den 7th Oct 1882

To General Pitt Rivers 4 Grosvenor Gdns London W.

Sir,

I beg to confirm my letter of 25th Sept and having had no reply from you whatever I have shipped the two cases viz ROM 1/2 to London via Rotterdam [illegible] Messrs Langstaff, Ehrenberg & Pollack of 60 King William Street E.C. will deliver same to you against payment of £97.2/-

You will also please to pay their charges on these goods & oblige

Your obedt servant
George Hirsch

-------

B422 Hyams

Frank Hyams | 167 New Bond Street | London W. January 3rd 1899 | Also at Dunedin New Zealand | By special appointment Their Excellencies Sir Wm Jervois The Earl of Onslow The Earl of Glasgow

Dear Sir

I am this day in receipt of your dated 2nd Am sorry I havse not a catalogue.

The many curios I have at above address are from my museum in New Zealand

I should be glad if when next in London you could find time to visit my rooms as I am sure there are many things you would be interested in.

The working of the New Zealand greenstone into artistic articles has been [illegible] for many years I am now able to show some specimens of same

I am, dear Sir
Your obediently
[illegible but presumably Frank] Hyams

General Pitt-Rivers | Rushmore | Salisbury

------

B423 Indian Art Gallery (Procter and Co.)

Indian Art Gallery | 428 Oxford Street ... | London Nov 13th 1888

Private

General Pitt Rivers

Sir,

I beg to take the liberty of writing to ask if you would care to see two very exquisitely carved pieces of ivory of a certain character. I should not thus presume only that I had the pleasure of selling you two stone models which you may recollect. If you care to see them I should be glad of an appointment to show them as, should you call here I might not be able to produce them, as they are quite private although at times I could.

I remain Sir
Your Obediently
R Alexander

----

Indian Art Gallery | 428 Oxford Street ... | Procter & Co. | London Dec 11 1895

General Fox-Pitt Rivers | Rushmore | Salisbury

Sir,

With regard to the two Windows in the carpet room at the Earl's Court Exhibition, we can get these reproduced at a cost of £115.

Should the size of these be not exactly what you require, we could make them either a little larger or smaller to fit any special space in which you might wish to place them.

Should you favour us with the order we will put the work in hand without delay.

Your obedient Servant
Procter Co.

------

Indian Art Gallery | 428 Oxford Street ... | Procter & Co. | London Jan 6th 1896

General Fox-Pitt Rivers | Rushmore | Salisbury

Sir,

We should be pleased to wait upon you, should you be in town, in order to explain any further particulars you may require respecting the facade which you saw at the Earl's Court Exhibition, and for which we sent you an estimate to reproduce.

Should you not be coming to town, the writer will be pleased to call upon you at Rushmore with the sketch, to receive your instructions, if agreeable.

We have the honour to remain, Sir
Your obdt Servants
pp Procter & Co
R. Alexander

------

Indian Art Gallery | 428 Oxford Street ... | Procter & Co. | London Nov 13th 1896

General Pitt Rivers | Rushmore | Salisbury

Sir,

Should the object mentioned in enclosed cutting interest you, we should be pleased to submit it, as we have it here for sale Price £2.500

Yours Obediently
pp Procter & Co
R. Alexander

we have also some new Arms and other interesting pieces

Cutting:

[Hand dated Dec 6th 1888] 'Among the more interesting objects forming part of the collection of Burrmese, Indian and Japanese curios, advertised for sale by auction by Messrs Phillips ... on Wednesday is an Indian idol of some value and celebrity. It is the representative of a deity to whom Hindoo women pay peculiar worship and is known as the original "Lingam God" ... [it] consists of an extraordinary chrysoberyl cat's eye ... set in a large yellow topaz, the whole supported on a native Indian gold base, incrusted with diamonds and set around with nine gems ...'

------

Indian Art Gallery | 428 Oxford Street ... | Procter & Co. | London Mch 31st 1897

General Pitt Rivers | Rushmore | Salisbury

Sir,

We have just received six different patterns in Persian Tiles of the small sizes 6 inches square.

We can offer these at the unusually low price of 3/6 per tile if a case of not less than 50 is ordered & we should be pleased to send the samples on approval.

They would be suitable for panelling, chimnies, flower boxes, dados &c

We have the honour to remain, Sir

Your Obedient Servants
pp Procter & Co
R. Alexander

-----

Ansd June 17/97

Indian Art Gallery | 428 Oxford Street ... | Procter & Co. | London 10 June 1897

General Pitt Rivers | Rushmore | Salisbury

Sir,

We have the pleasure to advise dispatch of a box to Tisbury station containing 7 sample tiles as per enclosed memo showing the quantity of each we are able to supply. As you may require a considerable number we have quoted them at a very low price and trust they will meet with your approval

We are, Sir
Your obdt Servants
pp Procter & Co

[list enclosed but not transcribed]

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Ansd Sept 15/97

Indian Art Gallery | 428 Oxford Street ... | Procter & Co. | London Sept 14th 1897

General Pitt Rivers | Rushmore | Salisbury

Sir,

We should be glad to know your decision respecting the Tiles we sent on approval in the month of June last. Trusting you are sufficiently recovered to allow us know

We remain, Sir
Your obdt Servants
pp Procter & Co R. Alexander

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Indian Art Gallery | 428 Oxford Street ... | Procter & Co. | London Oct 19th 1897

General Pitt Rivers | Rushmore | Salisbury

Sir,

We are sending you a small case of sample Tiles, carriage paid, as being the only ones we can supply at the present moment, and we should feel obliged if you would kindly return to us those you have, and retain these in their place to order from.

We have a very handsome Persian enamel Samovar, or charcoal Coffee Pot, and a Camphor Wood chest on handsome carved stand, both worthy of inspection.

We have the honour to remain, Sir
Your obdt Servants
pp Procter & Co R. Alexander

The photograph enclosed of Persian Tile, in various blues and white, is a sample of half a dozen, similar ones we should be glad to submit. If of no interest, kindly return.

-----

Ansd Nov 8/97

Indian Art Gallery | 428 Oxford Street ... | Procter & Co. | London Oct 26th 1897

General Pitt Rivers | Rushmore | Salisbury

Sir,

In reply to your favour we beg to state that the letter which contained the photograph of the Persian Tile, also advised our sending a small case of tiles, with list of contents, and asking you to kindly return all that were sent in June and retaining these to order from, as all the former are sold, except these very samples. If you will do so, it will simplify matters & we shall feel obliged.

As regards the large Tile, as per photo, we shall be pleased to send it for inspection when you are ready to see it, as we could not leave it in abeyance for any length of time. There are 6 altogether of this size

We remain, Sir
Yours obediently
pp Procter & Co R. Alexander

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Indian Art Gallery | 428 Oxford Street ... | Procter & Co. | London Aug 30th 1898

General Pitt Rivers | Rushmore | Salisbury

Sir,

We have the pleasure to advise despatch of goods as per enclosed invoice, and trust they will reach you in safety.

Photographs are enclosed with Tiles, prices as per verbal agreement

Panels £15/./. or £25 the two
Screen £70 [Added note in red 'Bought by Gen. Rivers at £40 Mar. 1899']
Doorway £50
Elephant Chair £15
2 Plates showing 131 samples Teak wood carvings 20/- each to clear = £13 [Added note in red 'Bt by Gen. Rivers'] otherwise 15/- to 50/- each

We have the honour to remain, Sir
Your obedient Servants
pp Procter & Co R. Alexander

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Indian Art Gallery | 428 Oxford Street ... | Procter & Co. | London

The Mooltan Fireplace was designed about 1891 or 92 for the Fine Art Museum at Lahore. In 1894 it was used to decorate the Viceroys large Reception Hall on the occasion of the Durbar held at Lahore in that year

It is believed to be the only one of its Kind existing

The Persian characters are (freely translated) as follows:-

Oh Saheb may thy threshold
Like the Stars be full of light
The Scales of Justice in thy hand
For ever balanced be.

The fire place is considered to be one of the best specimens of Mooltan Tile work, both as regards the purity of colors and completeness of the design

------

B425 Inman

[Stamp] A. Inman Oriental Depot 17 Ebury St S.W. | 9 June 1888

Sir

I called at Grosvenor Gardens yesterday after the Marquis of Exeter's Sale to report to you the result of your [illegible - c...pion] to me. But having been informed that you left for Rushmore I write to inform you as follows:-

The Pair of Parrots fetched 48 Guineas
The Pair of White Jugs (Lizard Handles) 17 gns!
The Cup with Red Band 7 gns!

Therefore they fetched about three times as much as the limit to my bidding put them.

There was a full room of company and fair competition. No doubt the value of the objects was enhanced by reason of their coming from such a distinguished collection.

I am, Sir,
Your obedient Servant
Alfred Inman

PS I enclose Catalogue marked with a few of the prices obtained

Genl A. Pitt Rivers | Rushmore

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[Stamp] A. Inman Oriental Depot 17 Ebury St S.W. | June 15 95

Sir

I beg to send you enclosed copy of J. Fergusson upon the subject of the Italian origin of the inlaid coloured stones upon white marble, which I had known of long, but have only just met with their authority. The copy is in pencil because made of a Library from which pen and ink are excluded.

I am now ...ing [illegible] diligent search for a small specimen of this inlay made in Italy, and will report again when successful.

I have communicated a written list of the objects derived from the Exhibition Court, and now await a reply. From Elkington's however I have ascertained that the prices of their replicas of the Repoussé Bowls - silver plated - is Eight and Ten Guineas according to size

Yours obediently
Alfred Inman

General A. Pitt Rivers | Rushmore

P.S. The written invoice was kept back until I wrote

Pencil-written notes attached headed 'From History of Indian and Eastern Architecture by James Fergusson DCL &c &c 3rd volume John Murray 1891 Page 588 Book VII Chap X ... [not transcribed]

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[Stamp] A. Inman Oriental Depot 17 Ebury St S.W. | June 18 95

Sir

I have the pleasure to forward herewith enclosed Two small specimens of Old English Lacquer work such as I understood you wished me to procure. The prices are 2/- for that upon metal, and 10/- for that upon Wood.

Since I wrote last I have visited the South Kensington Museum (Indian section) and viewed the two pieces of Inlay looted by Sir John Jones and now enclose herewith two rough sketches of them. As Dr J. Fergusson remarks, the Slabs with Birds, Fruits, & Foliage resemble most forcibly the recent Florentine work. I am still seeking a specimen of the latter.

I further beg to enclose some remarks of Dr Sir Geo Birdwood further upon the same subject.

With regard to the three objects entrusted to me by the Hon Mrs Pitt Rivers I have to report that they have all been placed in the hands (repaired) of the Housemaid left behind at No. 4 Grosvenor Gardens.

Yours obediently
Alfred Inman

General A. Pitt Rivers | Rushmore | Salisbury

Pencil-written notes attached headed 'From Dr Sir George Birdwood's Industrial Arts of India Part II (South Kensington Museum Hand Book page 214 ... [not transcribed]

------

Ansd by Gray June 25/95

[Stamp] A. Inman Oriental Depot 17 Ebury St S.W. | June 22 95

Dear Sir

Please to receive herewith enclosed Two Small Specimens of Italian Inlay of coloured stones upon marble. These are forwarded subject to your approbation. If not approved of it is necessary that they should be returned to me promptly in order that I may recover the purchase money which I had to pay the Italian who furnished them before I could obtain possession of them. Their price is twelve shillings each.

I cannot hear of any massive pieces like the Agra Lota from the Indian Exhibition Only flat objects - plaques &c

I have also met with two pairs of pieces of Pietro-Duso as follows:-

Two rectangular plagues [sic] of Black marble 20 inches by 16 inches containing a Vase of flowers - formed of inlaid coloured stones in alto relievo Price £10 the pair plus 5%

Two Oval Plaques ditto ditto but smaller & with the addition of fruit, cherries &c of inlaid coloured stones in alto relievoPrice £7.10/- the pair plus 5%.

The Italian from whom I procured these small specimens has two more of the cherry [illegible] similar to that sent herewith at the same price. Also he had a plaque of convolli with some lapis lazuli in the inlay price fifteen shillings. Also two ill defined pictures of coloured inlay at one guinea each. Subject of one is a classical temple, rocks &c and of the other of a [illegible] and rocks. The sizes of these are in proportion to their price, as compared with those now sent.

The whole of this inlay work is from Italy. I cannot hear of any of this work being made at the present time or imported.

Of these two enclosed plaques the Bird & Tulip subject is considered the older.

I am,
Yours obediently
Alfred Inman

General A. Pitt Rivers | Rushmore

----

Ansd July 12/95

[Stamp] A. Inman Oriental Depot 17 Ebury St S.W. |11 July 1895

Dear Sir

Since my conversation with you yesterday respecting Italian inlaid marble Chess plaque I have attended a [illegible] Christie [illegible] & Woods sale by Public Auction to day and I have there purchased a beautifully inlaid Italian marble Chess Table the price of which if you take it over from now will be to you Four Guineas - and I hope that you will do so, as I have no need for it myself, and acted upon the opportunity to the best of my judgement.

It is not the comparatively simple plaque which I described to you (that had already changed ownership) but it is already and perfectly mounted as a Table. complete upon a splendid Sienna marble pillar or pediment.

It is altogether a very handsome piece of Italian inlay work and worth double the price I have mentioned [illegible]

I shall be very pleased to receive your orders to forward it to you - it shall be carefully packed.

I am, Sir,
Your obdt Servant
Alfred Inman

[Enclosed drawing shown here]

Genl A. Pitt Rivers | Rushmore

-----

Ansd Sept 18/95

[Stamp] A. Inman Oriental Depot 17 Ebury St S.W. | July 27 1895

Dear Sir

With reference to the exhibits in the Glass Cases of the Earls Court Indian Exhibition, and especially to those particular objects which you pointed out to me, I have to report that although I made application immediately respecting them I have been unable to obtain from those in charge more than negative information about the greater part of them i.e. - that they cannot find out from the owners that the [insert] objects [end insert] are for sale - and as those owners are mostly private individuals the chances are against my being able to procure them. One piece that you wished for has een applied for by other parties, namely;- A fine Silver repoussé Bowl with medallions of figures & having open work near rim, about eight inches diameter. But this is not for sale.

I have already reported that the collection of metal bowls of Burmese Repoussé work, of which you wished a pair, are Replicas manufactured & exhibited by [illegible] Elkington & Co. whose price, they [illegible] me, was from £8 to £10 each. But of course I do nothing further with these until I have further instruction from you.

Yesterday however I have ascertained that one fine piece of Kooftkarri work from the Panjab, which you selected, is for sale! I enclose a pencil sketch of it herewith to assist in identifying it. The metal is steel, and it is silverplated in part & chiefly kooft with silver upon the blue steel field. It also has gold kooft work over it. The kooft ornament is very fine, and altogether it is an important piece. The price is seven guineas and a half. The height is about Fifteen inches. It is in Glass Case XXIII Number 1313.

In connection with the above I wish to add that I have in my own collection in Ebury Street a small "[illegible]" or scentholder, from the same place, of the same material, Kooft all over with ornament & arabesque in Gold only height four inches price ten shillings only!

Yours obediently
Alfred Inman

General A. Pitt Rivers | Rushmore | Salisbury

[Sketch not enclosed]

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Memorandum | To: Genl Pitt Rivers 4 Grosvenor Gardens

[Stamp] A. Inman Oriental Depot 17 Ebury St S.W. | 12 Oct 1895

Please receive herewith

Catalogue of Indian Exhibition

Pencil sketch of Figure 3 feet high for sale (one of a pair)

Pencil sketches of figures 2 feet high for sale Single

and of Pair 4 feet 6 ins high not for sale

NB the Pair of Demons supporting a Bell belong to Lord Roberts At page 230 of Catalogue is matter expressing Indian marble inlay AI

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[Stamp] A. Inman Oriental Depot 17 Ebury St S.W.

Dear Sir

I beg to inform you that I have received a reply from Mrs Bercus the owner of the larger pair of Burmese carved wooden figures stating that she does not wish to part with them. So I have applied to the Superintendent at the Indian Exhibition Earls Court upon your behalf for the Pair nos 230 & 232 price £4.10/- and I am to have possession of them immediately upon the closing of the Exhibition tomorrow, when I propose if I do not hear to the contrary to pack them carefully in a large case and despach [sic] them to your address. They are the large pair, three feet high, of which I furnished you a sketch of one of the figures, and the other figure is similar.

I have also written to the owners direct of other objects which you wished for - but so far the answers received have ben against disposing of them.

I now beg to enclose a bill of this last transaction - together with a statement of outstandings - and as I shall have to pay the Exhibition balance upon clearing there & the Kooftkarri Chardan (which I will forward at the same time) I shall be greatly obliged by a Cheque.

I remain,
Your obed. servant
Alfred Inman

25 Oct 95

General A. Pitt Rivers

Oct. 25 1895

General A. Pitt Rivers

Bought of ...

Oct 8

From Indian Exhibition Earls Court One pair Carved Gong holders & pole Nos 230 & 232 £4.10.0

My commission 4/6

Oct 14

From Ditto Ditto catalogue 1/-

[Total] 4.15.6

----

[Stamp] A. Inman Oriental Depot 17 Ebury St S.W.

Sir

I beg to advise the despatch this day to your address of the Kooftkarri Chardan procured from the Indian Exhibition at Earls Court this day. They were unable yet to deliver up the Burmese Carved Wood Gong Holding Figures.

But I cleared upon my own a/c Four Burmese Figures of small size carved in wood - and as you expressed a wish to see them I have enclosed them in the package sent off to you today. Their price is Thirty shillings net for the whole four.

The favor of an answer to my request of the 25th inst. will greatly oblige

I am, Sir,
Yours obediently
Alfred Inman

30 Oct 95

General A. Pitt Rivers | Rushmore

----

Memo

Attendance had to be given at the Indian Exhibition Offices on four separate days vix Oct 23, 38 & 30, & Nov 1 before delivery could be effected.

Because the larger figures had been sold at the Exhibition also to Messrs Emmanuel of Portsmouth, who were unwilling to give them up I had to insist upon our right to them.

2 Nov 95.

17 Ebury St SW

----

Ansd Feb. 27/ 96

[Stamp] A. Inman Oriental Depot 17 Ebury St S.W.

Sir

Amongst the objects exhibited at the Earls Court Indian Exhibition were some ancient bronzes each with two long prongs which proved to be hair combs - and which you desired to add to your collection. After much delay the owner has informed me that he is willing to part with them. They come from Southern India & belong to Colonel Shelley Leigh-Hunt who was quartered there for thirty years. At present he resides at "Dol-Peris" Bournemouth West.

I beg at the same time to inform you that Col. Leigh-Hunt is also the owner of an important Shrine and Stand of which I hand you by this post, under separate cover, two photographs and a printed description, which he is desirous of selling. He has them all at "Dol-Peris" Bournemouth West, where they can be inspected any day by appointment.

With reference to your enquiry last month, and in continuation of my letter in reply, I have interviewed the parties from whom I procured the Hispano-Mauro Lustre Ware in question. They deal indirectly with the two brothers in Spain who have revived that art manufacture. I am unable to procure further particulars. But if you give me an order for more of that ware I will with pleasure put it in the right channel for execution.

I am, Sir,
Your obed. Servant
Alfred Inman

26 Feb 96

General A. Pitt Rivers | Rushmore

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Ansd May 15/ 97

[Stamp] A. Inman 94 Victoria St. London S.W.

Sir

Regilding Buddha

With reference to the audience granted me by the Hon. Mrs Pitt Rivers, and in continuation of my letter of the 4 May *, I now beg to state as a Revised Estimate that for the sum of Nine pounds, more or less, the large and important Figure of Buddha can be cleaned and repaired in its present situation, have its Stand ReLacquered, and the feet, hands, breast, neck, and face regilt with the best English Gold, and in the first style of workmanship.

If the missing Nimbus was to be regilt, or the Figure taken away by your order, both would involve extra expense.

I cannot recommend its being done with inferior gold as it would soon assume a bad appearance like some parts that have been so treated already, probably because the great value of proper gold could not be afforded at the time.

Yours obediently
Alfred Inman

6 May 97

* Note that the letter of 4 May 1897 is not included in S&SWM PR papers.

----

Inman | Ansd May 19/97

[Stamp] A. Inman 94 Victoria St. London S.W. | 17 May 1897

Dear Sir,

Upon receipt of your letter of the 15th I called today at no. 4 Grosvenor Gardens and made search for the Nimbus in the small Room where the Buddha is stored, but found it not. But I was informed that the other Store rooms were locked. So I applied (by direction) to Mr Mann, House Agent, and he informed me that the Keys of those rooms are with The Hon. Mrs Pitt Rivers. I will immediately [illegible] search further upon obtaining the keys

I judged that there was originally a Nimbus by the presence in the Stand, at the back of the two feet, of an opening cut to receive something.

That might have been a long upright bar about five feet high with a golden circle, which sets along the back of the head - Or there might have been instead a broad flat canopy (?Lotus Leaf) rising from the heels up to the crown of the head over which it terminated in a conical point. May I ask if it is known what was really there.

Yours faithfully
Alfred Inman

To: Harold Gray | Rushmore | Salisbury

----

[Stamp] A. Inman 94 Victoria St. London S.W. | 20 August 1897

Please receive herewith upon approbation

One length of Delhic printed Cotton Dado (with half yard wide bands of various colors @ sixpence per panel Eleven = 5/6 (1 yard in depth)

One Square of Delhic printed Cotton Cloth (42 inches) for 2/6

One Portion of Delhic Cotton Cloth printed in colors - 4 yards long by two yards wide - centre design of the "Tree of Life" for 10/6

General A Pitt Rivers | Rushmore

"Jeypur" Palampres Printed in Colors on fine Cotton with

One larger, 4 yards long by 2 yards wide, Dark yellow ground Richly covered with Rafaellesque designs of Squirrels [illegible] Peacocks, Large Sunflowers [illegible] &c for 10/6

One Ditto with White Border & Dark Yellow Filling in Centre & Tigers & Antelopes in Dado for 7/6

One Ditto upon rich Yellow ground all over - Design of small [illegible] pattern of Bouquets and small arcade in [illegible] with sprigs of flowers facing the centre for 7/6

NB Other patterns can be supplied & further quantities

----

[Stamp] A. Inman 94 Victoria St. London S.W. | 20 August 1897

Sir,

I beg to acknowledge the receipt of your note this morning, and I will make Enquiries of those who lately constituted themselves a Burmese Company & imported the Carved Teak Door Posts and then write to you again whether they can be obtained now

And I have to impress you that I have just despatched to your address by Parcel Post a Parcel of 5 Indian Cotton Cloths printed with subjects in Colors - all upon approbation. A list of them accompanies the parcel.

With regard to the decoration of the White Panels of Concert of the Indian House from Benares I shall be obliged if you will allow me a few days before replying more definitely - I have in my memory only an unpleasant recollection of crude designs of gods and animals painted in glaring body color - which I always considered degenerate art. But I will make it my object to look up this subject, and write again.

Yours obediently
Alfred Inman

Genl A Pitt Rivers | Rushmore

It seems clear that these door posts and panels which will from now dominate Inman and Pitt-Rivers surviving correspondence relates to objects being obtained for display at the Larmer Tree Gardens.

----

[Stamp] A. Inman 94 Victoria St. London S.W.

Sir,

Jours [?] of 20 August

With regard to the Burmese Carved Teak Door Posts I beg to inform you that the Company which imported those you had has wound up its affairs, and ceased to exist. After a good many enquiries amongst other Indian Importers I cannot meet, or hear of, any other Door Posts. And I consider that if you require several of them the best way will be to order them direct from Burma, which I can do at once.

I am in constant communication with Burma, and feel that there Posts can be readily procured from there. [sic]

I have been turning my attention to the subject of the decoration of the Old house from Benares. Such a structure as a Goldsmith shop would not require elaborate decoration. The Wood work should be coated with body colors in a harmonious way, yet in simple style - which I could scheme out easily if I saw the building or had some drawings of it, or measurements of the parts requiring special embellishment. I have seen authorities for subjects to paint on the Panels, and I wold furnish designs for several groups, figures, animals, Hunting subjects, Gods &c when I know more about the structure. These designs cannot be furnished by me well at this stage - they would require scheming out from my recollections of Indian styles of ornamentation, aided by scattered authorities.

If it is inconvenient to render measured sketches of the house at Larmer, I would offer myself to come and after viewing there and then to submit places to you

Yours obediently
Alfred Inman

25 Augt 97

Genl A Pitt Rivers | Rushmore

PS And I would beg to offer to bring down proper colors, & other materials, with implements, for carrying out upkeep the beginnings of such work as you wish as far as can be done off hand, leaving the rest to be added afterwards AI

----

Ansd Sept 3/97

[Stamp] A. Inman 94 Victoria St. London S.W.

Sir,

Indian House Decoration

In continuation of my last one the above subject it has occurred to me that one method towards the work could be by painting figures, animals, arabesques of conventional ornament, or hunting groups &c upon loose squares of lincrusta or similar material. These I could execute and then forward these to be fitted in the panel spaces. But if it is considered desirable to paint these subjects direct on to the plaster of the panels, which appears to me to be the proper thing, then I could prepare designs for the series - or better still submit to you before hand data, and sketches, and explanations in person

Yours obediently
Alfred Inman

5 Sep 97

Genl A Pitt Rivers | Rushmore

----

Ansd Sept 13/97

[Stamp] A. Inman 94 Victoria St. London S.W.

Sir,

I beg to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of 3rd Sep'r and to report that I have traced the Burmese Carvings your enquiries about the possession of the Indo-China Curio Trading Company whose address is on the Third Floor of No. 58 New Bond Street. The various parts they have scattered now - some are in use, and others lying in store - but they state that they are prepared to dispose of the whole of the party as they were fitted and displayed last year at the Earls Court Exhibition for £65. Or if only the two central pieces are required then price could be £30.

The "whole Lot" would include the supporting Pillars, six or eight in number. The whole Lot enclosed a Front of 45 feet, and its two returns of 13 feet each marking a total of 71 linear feet [illegible] - The colouring of those I saw in use, differed from those lying in store.

The Company have lent me a Photograph mounted in a glazed frame, which I have unfixed for the purpose of sending herewith for your information. From this photo you will observe how the whole structure has been developedd out of the two centre pieces which alone are Burmese Carvings of Teak, and [insert] which [end insert] were planned in Burma for the two stern plates of a large Rowing Boat! which I may be able to speak more about hereafter.

And the whole of the remaining arches [insert] &c [end insert] as seen in the Photo, were carved out of deal wood in this country to carry on the design. And the Company state that they were [illegible] to [illegible] expenses about it, but can utilize the whole again for the same purpose. Although not authorized by them to say so, I should think that if only a portion of the 71 feet run is required that they would sell.

On the other hand if you wish to have all genuine Teak Wood Carvings I can undertake to procure them from Burma to your own designs - or to your general wishes & dimensions leaving the Burmese Carvers to carry the same out in their own good style. I see my way clear to getting this done.

Regarding the subject to be painted in the upper space of the thirty or more posts of the woodwork of the Benares House I am making some pencil sketches of designs for these - to be more elaborated and coloured either here or by the painter who executes the work on the spot. These will be forwarded in a few days. In the meantime I enclose with this (as per List) some native drawings &c - for ideas of the decoration.

Yours faithfully
Alfred Inman

Sep 8 97

Genl A Pitt Rivers | Rushmore

------

Memorandum | 11 Sep 1897

To: General A Pitt Rivers | Rushmore | Salisbury

Please receive herewith

A sketch shewing where Teak Carvings are placed in the stern of a Rangoon Boat

11 Designs for use in painting top spaces in posts of Benares House. More designs can be made for the whole of the posts, and tints given as to colouring if required.

3 objects collected from the Shans upon the Burmo-Chinese frontier. These have just come into my possession from an Officer from Bhamo in the NE of Burma. One is a Powder Flask - the other two are their primitive contrivances for producing Fire. This is done by wrapping round the ramrod a prepared tinder - then driving some home securely when the Rammer is withdrawn with the Tinder ignited Price for the three pieces + one sovereign

PS I have many Oriental Drawings colored which are not Indian

----

Ansd Sept 3/97

[Stamp] A. Inman 94 Victoria St. London S.W.

Sir,

I duly received back in good condition the photograph of the Exhibition Carved arcade work, and upon receipt of your letter of Sep 20, I applied to Capt. Pritchard for a detailed drawing or a Photograph of the Moulmein Three Fold Screen, and I am happy to say that he hopes to send a photograph of it in a few days.

To day, however, I have met with a Carved Teak Doorway of which I enclose a sketch. The carving itself is due to arrive here on the 4th October. It is described as finely carved. Price Thirty guineas. Extreme height 10 feet 6 inches Extreme width 5 feet.

I take this opportunity to submit herewith enclosed ten more colored designs for the embellishment of the Benares House as promised.

Yours faithfully
Alfred Inman

24 Sep 97

Genl A Pitt Rivers | Rushmore

------

[Stamp] A. Inman 94 Victoria St. London S.W.

Sir,

I beg to inform you with reference to the carved Indian Porch advised in my letter to you of the 24th ultimo that the owners will be prepared on Friday [illegible] [insert] 8th [end insert] next to have parts of it unpacked and ready for your inspection at the West End if arranged for beforehand - and I shall be glad to know your wishes respecting it.

Yours obediently
Alfred Inman

5 Oct 97

Genl A Pitt Rivers | Rushmore

------

[Stamp] A. Inman 94 Victoria St. London S.W.

Sir,

In continuation of my letter of 5 Oct. I beg to report that I went this day at the time appointed by the Owner of the Carved Teak Porch and found the whole set out for show and erected. The drawing sent you gives a fair representation of the Porch, excepting that it does not do the original full justice - in that the doorway does not shew the back, and that I found to be the same as the front - with projecting embelling [?] at the back & all else repeated - so that back & front are similarly carved in the remarkably fine style. I have full confidence in recommending it for purchase.

Now that it has been erected, and displayed its beauty, the owner has raised it in is estimation. He will still keep the offer open a short time, but asks for payment before it is removed, which must be at our risk & expense.

Any instructions you may favor me with in respect to it shall receive my careful attention. And if you decide to have it, please forward me a cheque for it as below

Yours faithfully
Alfred Inman

8 Oct 97

31.10.0

2.2.0

------

£38.12.0

Genl A Pitt Rivers | Rushmore | Salisbury

PS. The owner considers it worth very much more, & I think he is right. And there is none other now to be had.

------

[Stamp] A. Inman 94 Victoria St. London S.W.

Sir,

With reference to the pair of East Indian Lacquered Wooden "Dandahs" in my possession, they are used in Native Schools, Oude, India when the Pupils repeat Poetry. Mine were sent home by Government to the Indian section of the International Exhibition South Kensington held in the year 1871, and I have kept them ever since.

They are interesting as shewing an aid to the memory and to the utterance of poetry and no doubt are a survival of something very ancient. Probably Castignettes and the Conductor's Baton are similar survivals.

The late R. Jefferies in his pleasing work "Wild Life in a Southern [insert] English [end insert] County" page 131 writes as follows of his experience of something similar

"Another ancient used to come round to the Fann Houses once or twice in a year with a couple of long ashen staves and the ceremony performed by him consisted in dancing these two sticks together in a fantastic way to some old rhyme or story."

April 98

Genl A Pitt Rivers | Rushmore

------

[Stamp] A. Inman 94 Victoria St. London S.W.

Dear Sir,

The Silver Pot with some gold on its Cover is shaped as the Lotus Flower and enamelled in chaste colors. It is used as a Toilet pot in Siam and came to me from Mr Cardew's Collection from Bangkok. Several objects are shewn in the Indian Museum [insert] S.K. [end insert] from Siam by him.

The cigar shaped pendant ornament came to me from the Collector who resided in Nepaul but in the parcel I [illegible] were [illegible] small pieces which he said he brought from Thibetan House and the Dealers who come into Nepaul in large number during the summer time. I believe it to be worn suspended from the neck. And in Nepaul they also wear acrescent shaped gorget about the throat, and I remember seeing in the French Army, during Louis Philippe's reign Officers wearing crescent shaped gorgets about the throat.

This cigar shaped ornament came to me in fact at the same time as the Nepaulese "Panas" of large size now standing in the place of the Inner Hall at Rushmore.

April 98

------

[Stamp] A. Inman 94 Victoria St. London S.W.

23.4.1898 [in pencil]

Genl A. Pitt Rivers | Rushmore

Sir,

I took the opportunity last week of inspecting the two Indian Houses in the Larmer Grounds, and have had under consideration the decoration of their blank panels.

With regard to those on the interior walling, after various methods have occurred to me, I consider that the Gold Indian coloured designs on cloth, which you proposed, are very suitable under all the circumstances and I have nto yet met with anything better than one dozen of Purdahs of this material, a pattern of which I now send by post, shewing that they all differ but are of the same general design, and the "Tree of Life" in each is characteristic.

Some of the Panels at Larmer are eight feet in height, others six feet but most of them are nearer three feet.

I would propose that the Tree should be cut out of these Purdahs with sufficient bordering to fill up the larger panels. And for the numerous smaller panels that the Dado Cloth of similar make and coloring (of which I will also now send a small pattern) should be used, likewise cut up at the junction of each arcaded division varying in colours viz: Rich White, Blue, & Yellow Grounds.

They would field [sic] a filling surface of eighteen inches wide and three feet high, or less, according as wanted. And if greater heighs [sic] than three feet is wanted that might be obtained by borrowing the lower branches and base off another arcade of same color and joining them neatly beneath the upper branches of the first, so as to finish off the first with a taller tree.

The raw edges of the cloth could be covered and fixed in position in each panel by some thin narrow wooden beading, and the whole decoration carried out readily in an effective and inexpensive way - at the same time [insert] being [end insert] thoroughly harmonious Indian decoration.

The price of the Purdah is Five shillings, & of the Dado Cloth eight pence each arcade of half yard wide. And some of the handsome bordering that remains after cutting out, might be utilized in the side or bye panels.

Yours faithfully
Alfred Inman

23 April 98

PS. Enclosed I beg to return, with my best thanks, the last bill duly receipted

-----

B426 series of letters

B426.1

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. Aug 29 1989

General A.H. Pitt-Rivers

Sir,

I beg to enclose the anglicized copy of Mr Ichikawa's translation. I would also desire to say that I saw yesterday a remarkably handsome gold embroidered Turkish silk Portiére 10 feet by 6 in, and remembering that last year you seemed desirous of securing one I thought you might like to hear of this one and if in town shortly might possibly like to see it. It is on view at the Ladies Sale & Exchange rooms in Brook St, Hanover Square.

They ask £20 for it but I daresay it could be bought for £15.

I am Sir
Yours respectfully
John Sparks

B426.2

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. Sept 21 1889

Sir,

I was extremely sorry to hear on my return from the Bank that you had called and I had not been in to receive you especially as I had a little bowl to shew you which is both old [insert] Chinee [end insert] and decorated with one of the patterns you wished me to try and find viz [Drawing] Also I wished to ask you whether you would like the other volumes of the Chinese book translated

Would you like me to wait on you respecting same.

I have also a fine old short sword I should like to have shewn you

Yours respectfully
John Sparks

B426.3

Sparks | Rushmore | Salisbury | Dec 9 90

Sir

The following in the inscription on the inside of the back [insert] or front, I don't know which [end insert] of the iron helmet if you can give me the translation of it I should be much obliged

[Copy of inscription besides each character in another hand [presumably Sparks] is Tosa-no ju (a province of Tosa) Miochin Ki-no Munéshigé saka]

Please write it on the side of the inscription if you can let me know the date of the Helmet it is built up in pieces & rivetted, a shield is made in the same manner which is, which accompanies it

A. Pitt Rivers

B426.4

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. Dec 12 1890

Sir,

I enclose translation of signature, Miochin Muneshige was one of the family of the great Miochins Iron workers and your helmet therefore is a specimen of his work and is of the 14th century.

I am Sir
Yours respectfully
John Sparks

B426.5

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. Sept 25 1891

Sir,

I have had offered to me today a really very fine collection of Bizen pottery, there are Twenty four pieces and all are fine specimens, it includes every description, the white, the blue, the purple and the brown. It is quite unique and is the property of a Japanese gentleman, the price namely £200 is not cheap but on the other hand it is not dear as no other such collection in its perfect completeness exists. I have not shewn or mentioned it to anyone yet in case you might entertain the idea of purchasing it and if you were coming to Town very shortly I would hold it but if not may I ask you to be so kind as to send me a line to that effect so that I may know I am free to try the Museums and others. If you would like me to bring a few pieces as samples to Rushmore I will do so.

I am Sir
Yours respectfully
John Sparks

B426.6

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. Oct 2 1891

Sir,

I thank you for your kind note and will send tomorrow a few pieces of the collection that I have been enabled to pick out They are all genuine and a fair sample and at the same time those I thought the cheapest. If you would like to see me personally I could run down next Thursday by the 9.5 am train which would enable me to return to town same day. There is one piece I should like you to have but dared not send it as it is large and would require much more care in handling than the Railway Co. are likely to give. It is a Kylin in a recumbent position, fully Three feet long and about 18 inches in heigth [sic] price £25. if you thought it at all likely you would purchase it & wished me to bring it I would do so I enclose list.

Yours respectfully
John Sparks

The list is not enclosed

B426.7

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. Oct 3rd 1891

Sir,

When packing the Bizen this morning I discovered that the Blue Bizen bottle had not been brought from the Dock warehouse but in its place an old Brown Bizen clove infuser price £4 so I have packed it in lieu of the bottle.

Yours respectfully
John Sparks

I have addressed the box to you at Rushmore via Tisbury Station

B426.8

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. Oct 12 1891

Sir,

I shall be in Tisbury on Wednesday, having an appointment with Mr Alfred Morrison, but as I shall be leaving Fonthill about 2 pm I should yet have time to drive to Rushmore and be back to catch the last train if you wished to see me, if not and you would like to return any or all of the Bizen specimens I sent for your approval, would it be asking too much if you could send me the box to Tisbury station on that day so that I might take it back to London with me.

As I leave Town by the 9 am train and consequently may miss the morning post would you be so kind just this time as to favour me with a wire tomorrow (Tuesday) if you wish me to call.

Yours respectfully
John Sparks

B426.9

John Sparks Proprietor | Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square

1 Pair Old Bizen hanging vases in shape of Moths 4 - -
1 Old Bizen Group "Hotei on stand with boys 7 - -
1 Old Blue Bizen bottle 2 10 -
1 Old Blue Bizen Peony with silver top a very rare fine piece 12 - -
1 Old Bizen Hotei 5 - -

Returned Oct 22/91
L&SW Raily

B426.10

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. Oct 26 1891

Sir,

I beg to acknowledge the safe receipt of the pieces of Bizen sent for your approval.

If you are coming to town, I have received a small consignment of valuable old porcelain Lacquer etc. worthy of inspection

Yours respectfully
John Sparks
LE

B426.11

Ansd Sept 7/92 by H.G.

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. Sept'r 6 1892

Sir,

Having returned yesterday from my holiday at the Sea, I at once forwarded your design with full particulars to my Agent, in Japan asking him to give it his immediate attention.

I beg to enclose for your inspection a small drawing of a very fine old Bronze Vase inlaid with Cloisonné Enamels, that I have just imported and which I consider one of the most interesting specimens I have acquired for a very long time. It is evidently a finely preserved base of the Ming dynasty probably about 1450 AD. the portions I have marked with a pencil, darkly, are plain bronze, the rest is enamelled. Part of the designs are almost Egyptian in character and the colours neutral Reds, Yellows and Greens on a Turquoise blue ground.

I have as yet shown it or spoken of it to no one and will wait your reply as to whether you would like me to bring it or send it for your inspection.

It stands 2 ft 6 in and I have drawn it to scale, the price is £50.

I am Sir
Yours respectfully
John Sparks

B426.12

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. June 15 1894

Sir,

In answer to your query I am sorry to say I have never heard it described or had it invoiced other than as Kiota Enamel work on Silver; but can quite see, as you point out that there should be some distinguishing appellation in contra distinction to the cloisonné Enamel, and as I am writing to Japan tomorrow I will ask my agent to make enquiries amongst those best qualified to give a correct reply, and on hearing from him will at once let you know.

The blinding of the colours in the Enamels in the best pieces is all done by one man, whose work is entirely kept in the hands of one native merchant from whom my agent can alone procure them. Mr MusaShiya a wealthy fine art dealer in Yokohama and Kioto.

Yours respectfully
John Sparks

B426.13

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. Nov 29 1894

Sir,

If you are coming to Town shortly, would you kindly honour me with a visit as I have a remarkable and unique Old Chinese Screen which is well worth inspection, besides one or two fine things lately received from Japan

Yours respectfully
John Sparks

B426.14

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. June 13 1895

Sir,

I should both much like you to have the pair of very fine small Gold Lac vases, with the pearl Dragons, and to sell them, so will you not kindly help me by meeting me in price, say £32-10.0 which really leaves me scarcely any profit.

Yours respectfully
John Sparks

B426.15

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. June 14 1895

Sir,

In reply to your letter I can only express my sincere regret that you should have been so troubled and ask you kindly to send me the vase and piece of inlay that I may get it properly repaired. I can only surmise that the maker of the vase has been the victim of the modern evil of cheapening everything and had some of the wretched cheap glue or cement that is now being imported in immense quantities to Japan from Europe.

I am constantly writing out to my agents urging them to impress upon the makers of these beautiful things the imperative necessity of using only the best materials if they are to keep up the sale of their labours and wen [sic] offered to buy and send out anything they might require but unfortunately it seems as if they too readily believed the words of the various local agents who are out their [sic] to sell these inferior goods.

With regard to the pieces of embroidery you speak of I will look through my stock this evening adn see if there are any at all suitable and then write you particulars.

I sent the silver plate to Grosvenor Gardens on Monday thinking you were still in Town shall I fetch it away & sned it on to Rushmore.

Yours respectfully
John Sparks

The enclosed translation is from the interior of the little old nashji wound lac box you bought the other day.

B426.16

Ansd Dec 6/95

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. Dec 4 1895

Sir,

I have just got from Japan Two life size bronze stags of the early eighteenth century They are simply wonderful; most beautiful, elegant and life like with an exquisite patina so if you are coming to Town they would will [sic] repay a visit. The price is £120 & ridiculously cheap

Yours respectfully
John Sparks

B426.17

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. Dec 7 1895

Sir,

In response to your query the height of the Buck from ground to top of shoulder 2 ft 8 in and from group to tip of antlers 5 ft The Doe is grazing with head close to ground and her height from ground to top of back is 2 ft 8 in Length of Buck from nose to tail 4 ft

Yours respectfully
John Sparks

[In different hand] Genl. Rivers' Test Jap: Buck is 2 ft 6 in from bottom of feeet to shoulder Doe 2 ft 5 in.

L1450

15 Duke Street | Manchester Square W. `\ 10/12/95

Sir

I had a photograph taken on Saturday and now enclose first copy, it is not a good one but will probably give you some idea of how fine they really are

Yours respectfully

John Sparks

[There is also a printed cardboard rectangle saying Valuable with care From The Japanese

B426.18

Ansd Sept 8/96

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. Sept 7 1896

Sir,

Having received from Japan an unique and splendid old Bronze in the form of a life sized horse which was secured from a Temple in the Soma province, may I request the favour of a visit of inspection at an early date

Yours faithfully
John Sparks

[Added in pencil, by different hand?] information lowest price

B426.19

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. Sept 9 1896

Sir,

In accordance with your wishes I beg to say that the very lowest price I would take from you for the Bronze is £150 but in the event of your not caring to buy it yourself I would respectfully ask you to be kind enough to not mention the price I name to anyone, as I am asking £200 for it especially as one connoisseur who has seen it values it at fully £500 I gave over a Hundred for it but my agent got it very cheap under exceptional circumstances

Yours respectfully
John Sparks

B426.20

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. Oct 22 1896

Sir,

In reply to your letter I beg to say I still have the fine bronze Horse although the South Kensington Museum authorities are I am told very much inclined to buy it and intend discussing it at the next board meeting

I have also today received from Japan a pair of fine old bronze stags somewhat similar to the ones I had a year ago. no one has seen or even heard of them yet so would you care for me to hold them until you have seen them if you are coming to Town shortly

Yours respectfully
John Sparks

[Added in pencil, by different hand?] information lowest price

B426.21

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. Oct 22 1896

Sir,

Yours respectfully
John Sparks

B426.22

Ansd

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. Oct 26 1896

Sir,

I thank you for your letter received and will accept your offer although I know if I chose to wait a week or so I can get £150, but I am not unmindful of your kindness in the past and am pleased to think you should have secured, what even Mr Gowland declares to be the finest Japanese bronze he has ever seen and which I am positive will when next sold fetch at least double what you are paying for it. I enclose Photo of the Stags which if you like to take also I will accept now £70 for altho' I pledge you my word of honour they cost me £66. as that would make the amount £200 altogether I need scarcely say under any other circumstances I should not accept such a sum and must ask you to be kind enough not to mention it to any one as my price for the pair is One Hundred Guineas nett.

With regard to the Iron Tangs I am willing to bear the expense of making them etc but before fixing them on I feel sure it will be wiser for you to see the Horse first and try it in its place on the pedestal or block first, as I am afraid you might think the iron plates spoilt its appearance, if I might suggest, I should think bolts sunk in the block first with long heads protruding that would fit into holes bored in the feet of the horse would be quite safe and look so much better.

May I not send the horse down first and then when you have judged what is best, my man here could run down if you wished and bore the holes there, or screw the plates if you preferred.

Yours respectfully
John Sparks

B426.23

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. Oct 28 1896

Sir,

I thank you for your letter duly received this morning and will at once make arrangements for the delivery of the Bronze. I want if possible to get a cart such as is used for lame horses and cattle by the Railway Co; put the Bronze carefully in it and then send cart and all direct to Tisbury from whence perhaps you would kindly give orders to have ithorsed and brought on to Rushmore.

If you wish I would of course come down myself and see it on its arrival and then if you thought fit I could have any plates etc made in London that we found necessary for its security.

The Bronze is certainly patinated but I should imagine that if occasionally wiped over the wet would not injure it in any way, smoke of course would be detrimental.

The Stags are not exactly like the ones I sold to the Marquis of Bute as this pair is 6 inches shorter than his but in appearance they are similar because both are modelled from a celebrated drawing by the Artist "So sen, [insert] (1760) [end insert] as to Lord Bute returning his I can assure you he told me himself last June that he was more than pleased with them and thought them both beautiful and very moderate in price; he gave me £125 for the pair and would not be likely ever to part with them. They are in the Hall at Rothesay Castle and look splendid there.

Yours respectfully
John Sparks

B426.24

Ansd Oct 31/96

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. Oct 30 1896

Sir,

Upon turning the Horse over on its side this morning to prepare it for the bolts, we found to our surprise that the hoops were not solid consequently we cannot have the "bolts" but must have the Tangs you first proposed consequently [insert] so therefore [end insert] I had the plates cut at once and by this Evening they will be screwed on. I have had the plates cut the exact size of the hoof with a tang coming 8 inches out behind, [Drawing] drilled for three large Two inch metal screws, the plates on the hoofs I have had screwed where the screws would grip and where not, rivetted, so as to be sure and have the fastening secure as per your request, while at the same time they could easily be taken off if you did not like them on, and wished it fixed any other way.

I may tell you that today, I received a communication from the South Kensington Museum asking for lowest nett price of the Horse, as they were inclined to purchase it; but I wrote them of course that [insert] it [end insert] is was [sic] sold.

I had thought of trying to get it on the Railway tomorrow if possible on account of there being always less traffic (Goods) Saturday nights but as you say wait I will do so until I hear from you either by letter or wire.

My man who has made the plates and fitted them on, can come down any day you like if you will kindly say, when. He could leave by the early morning train reaching Tisbury about 10.30 am, altho' perhaps you will think your own people could manage the screws equally well The rocky base will most certainly be a more fitting adjunct than a plain pedestal

Yours respectfully
John Sparks

B426.25

Ansd Nov 3/96

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. Nov 2 1896

Sir,

I think there need be no fear but what the plates as now fixed are quite sufficient for the purpose, the thickness of the metal varies from a quarter of an inch to a eighth but where it was too thin for a screw to hold my man put a small rivet. He says he is quite certain no wind could possibly blow it over or even move it when once it is screwed down So would it not be better to have it down and try it, as it would not be difficult afterwards to turn the horse over if necessary & fill the hoop with lead

Yrs respectfully
John Sparks

B426.26

Ansd by telegram Nov 5/96

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. Nov 4 1896

Sir,

I have made all the arrangements and the Horse will be packed carefully in a low horse cart and leave about midday [insert] tomorrow [end insert] so should arrive at Tisbury either late Thursday night or early Friday morning. Will you therefore kindly give orders for a horse to be at the station at whatever time on Friday suits you best to bring it on to Rushmore as I feel sure it would save expense, the railway company always charging so heavily for delivery far from the station. The cart being so low there will be very little difficulty in getting it out, as eight men can lift it comfortably four on either side.

Only please give orders to see that they lift it carefully so that the Tangs do not catch as they move forwards or backwards.

It may interest you to know that Miss Alma Tadema & Onslow Ford came here expressly to see it yesterday and were both much surprised and spoke in the highest terms of its excellent qualities both of conception and technique.

Yours respectfully
John Sparks

You will of course send for me if you deem my presence would be of any real service

B426.27

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. Nov 5 1896

Sir,

In confirmation of my Telegram, the horse left in a cart securely and safely packed at noon today. One horse drew it easily to Vauxhall, a distance of some four miles, cart and horse (bronze) weigh I believe about a Ton, or a Ton and a quarter. The shafts will take a large strong horse in them.

I should be very grateful if you would let your secretary drop me a lie when it has reached you

Yours respectfully
John Sparks

B426.28

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. Nov 6 1896

Sir,

I regret very sincerely the delay caused in delivering up the Bronze but I have not yet been able to find the cause as some three or four days ago one of the London agents of the Railway came here and I fully explained all to him saying that you would send horses to fetch it from Tisbury and therefore why they should have thought it right to stop delivery until wiring me is inexplicable to me but needless to say I have written sharply to the Agent here and await his explanation. Hoping however that ere this it has reached you safely and has given you satisfaction

I am Sir
Yrs respectfully
John Sparks

B426.29

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. Nov 9 1896

Sir,

I thank you very much for kindly writing and am so glad you are pleased, though I felt sure you would be, it so fine. [sic] I really think that if you saw the pair of stags you would buy them at once also as they are in their own way almost equally as fine and though a trifle smaller than life size not much so as all the deer I saw in the Temple grounds in Japan were very small.

With regard to the plates on the Horse's hoofs I do not know of course if the "site" is unusually exposed but both the man who did the work & myself feel confident that it would have to be an extremely heavy gale that could move it when once it was screwed down. Why here in London they are not fastened on the stone pedestals at all, but merely stand on slightly sunken beds for the hoofs, the rounded surfaces affording such slight resistance to the wind.

As to the screws holding, I should recommend boring holes in the stones three or four inches deep under the plates, then fill them with lead and fix [insert] bore [end insert] the screws into the lead as then the movement if any would not wear away the lead as it would stone.

On the other hand if you decide to take off the plates you will not find it at all difficult nor will you injure the hoofs in the slightest if ordinary care is used as there are only one or two "rivets" and the other screws will come out quite easily when once started.

I will look very carefully through my own and other collections for any trace of the different kinds of chevrons and write you very shortly the result, returning your drawings

Yours respectfully
John Sparks

B426.30

Ansd Nov 13/96 H.G.

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. Nov 12 1896

Sir,

If it is of the greatest convenience to you to keep the horse in the cart I am willing to let it remain. only please return as soon as were it is out and kindly advise me so that I may send to Nine Elms station to fetch it away as I have to pay 5/- each day for its hire until it is returned.

Yrs respectfully
John Sparks

B426.31

Ansd Nov 23/96 H.G.

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. Nov 19 1896

Sir,

I am very sorry to hear you were disappointed with the Horse when seeing it out of the cart, but altho' undoubtedly the depth of the shoulder is exaggerated still the Japanese Horses, (or Chinese Ponies as they are called) are verysimilar to the Bronze one as they are very thick built and strong and splendid mountain climbers.

The date of the casting is undoubtedly about the middle of the last century or possibly earlier but for full particulars as to its history it is impossible to get at because like all these fine Temple specimens they are sold "sub rosa" and under condition that the name of the vendor and his locality is never divulged.

It was sent to me as having been purchased from a Temple at Soma, but from what my agent writes I have very little doubt it was stolen from the "Temple of the Bronze Horse" at Nagasaki as I know a very similar specimen to thiswas mysteriously lost about Three years ago and was replaced by a new one which is nothing like so fine as yours as anyone will tell you who has seen the one now at Nagasaki.

I am sending for you to look at Two Guards, one Iron damascened with gold & silver Soten school early 17th century and one floral of the 18th century also an old carved nut (probably 18th century) as all these have diapers somewhat after the style you seek for. other specimens I am still on the look out for and will forward you if possible as I come across them. I have taken copies of your drawings for my personal reference and therefore return your originals

Yours respectfully
John Sparks

B426.32

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. Nov 24 1896

Sir,

I am in receipt both of the parcel and your letter and beg to say the prices of the Tsuba and the old carved nut are thirty shillings each.

Yours respectfully
John Sparks

B426.33

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. Nov 25 1896

Sir,

I thank you for your letter and you may be sure I will do my best to find further traces of the diaper patterns chevrons etc.

Yours respectfully
John Sparks

B426.34

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. Dec 1 1896

Sir,

I thank you very much indeed for your kindness in sending me a cheque so promptly.

I am glad to say I have found you another specimen of the diaper pattern and am sending it to you for your inspection but of course it is quite optional with your whether you keep it or return it. It is on the hilt of an old dagger which by the crest on the sheath must have originally belonged to a nobleman of the Honda clan The blade is signed by Kanékado a well known sword maker (1450) and the Guard and mountings are by Teruhidé early 16th century signed

This therefore should be of real use in giving authentic data to the use of the patterns

The price of the dagger is £3-0-0

Yours respectfully
John Sparks

B426.35

Ansd Dec 31/ 96

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. Dec 30 1896

Sir,

Among the many things I purchased at Dr Hart's sale was the fine old wooden carving No 536 (as per enclosed). I gave Twenty Guineas but value it at nearer Forty. Would you care to have it for £25.

Yours respectfully
John Sparks

B426.36

Ansd Jan 2/ 97 £20 offered

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. Jan 1 1897

Sir,

In response to your queries I beg to inform you that the height of the figure itself is 3 ft the Glass Shade over it a few inches taller and the whole length from floor to top of stand 6 ft.

Kin-kan-kuji is the name of a Temple on the outskirts of Kioto.

Yours respectfully
John Sparks

The lacquer on the figure is almost hidden by a thick coating of blackish sediment caused by the smoke from the incense burnt in front of it for centuries

Enclosure

B426.37

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. Jan 14 1897

Sir,

In answer to your letter and in confirmation of my telegram I write to say that the Buddha etc is exactly as it was received from Dr Hart's house; a slight fracture of the glass shade at one corner, and no real prayer papers that I could see in it, altho' the latter are mere sinecures inasmuch as the so-called prayer papers are merely leaves of printed matter sold by the priests for a few halfpence and very often are not the real Buddhist teachings at all.

Trusting that General Pitt Rivers if not quite himself again, is still very much better.

Yours faithfully
John Sparks

B426.38

General A H Pitt Rivers London Jan 14 1897

John Sparks Proprietor | Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square

One fine old Japanese Buddha from the Hart collection Lot 536a £20 - -

To cost of packing etc £1 - -

£21 - -

Yours faithfully
John Sparks

B426.39

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. Jan 15 1897

Dear Sir,

I am in receipt of your letter and though very sorry have of course nothing else to say but that I will take the Buddha back.

As I said before, the price left no profit and I bought it at public auction so that it could not be solely my valuation, and of course the circumstances of purchase must at all times be taken into consideration when naming a price, as it is often possible to buy a work of art at a tenth of its value, and then again to have to pay more than its value if you want it

Yours respectfully
John Sparks

B426.40

Ansd July 7/97

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. June 30 1897

Sir,

I have received from Japan one of the most wonderful pieces of iron work in the world. It is an articulated life sized snake about 5 feet 6 inches long made by Mischin Muné yori, early 18th century. It is in perfect condition and Professor Church who saw it today said it was one of the very finest things he had ever seen.

Would you like me to send it down to you to look at.

The price is £125.

Yours respectfully
John Sparks

Pitt-Rivers does not appear to have purchased the snake, or at least it is not listed in the catalogue.

B426.41

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. Oct 15 1898

Sir,

In a shipment received from Japan today, I havse two small collections of the oldest known arrow heads, beads, ringsbracelets etc that have been found at various times when excavating.

I am given a guarentee of their perfect authenticity and genuineness and therefore sell them on that basis viz to be proved to to be to the contrary.

Would you like me to send them down on approval

Yours respectfully
John Sparks

B426.42

Ansd Nov 8 / 98

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. Nov 5 1898 | Telephone No 791 Paddington

Sir,

I desire to thank you for your cheque receipt for which I enclose.

I have ventured upon taking the liberty of sending down for your inspection the sets of very old arrow heads, charms, rings etc if you care to look at them. If not I would ask you to be kind to return them, entirely of course at my risk & expense.

I have also received a very fine old Bronze Goddess Gwannon which you might honour me by calling to see when next you are in town

Yours respectfully
John Sparks

B426.43

Things returned by rail, Nov 10/98

Telephone No 791 Paddington | Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. Nov 9 1898

Sir,

In response to your query I beg to say the price of the amulets etc sent are £15 the one set in a single box (black) and £50 the other but I cannot quite see how I am to separate them still if it is possible for me to do anything I can to please you I will be only too glad to do it

Yours respectfully
John Sparks

Pitt-Rivers does not appear to have purchased the objects, or at least they are not listed in the catalogue.

------

B427 Kataoka

Dec 16th 91 | 32 George Street | Hanover Square, W

Dear Sir

I am gratified to hear that you honoured me with a call at my rooms in George Street and I am very sorry that I was not at home. I am not able to keep all my consignments from Japan in the limited space available there, but I have some choice specimens of Japanese weapons, armour &, and some selected pieces of old Bizen and other early Japanese art pottery which I should like to have the pleasure of showing you and which I would put out if you can pay me a visit at another date, of which I shall be glad to have notice, as I have frequently to make country journeys to examine collections and to see collectors and I should like to be at home and to have the pleasure of receiving your visit.

I have lately received a very interesting series of very early Japanese carvings by deities and ancestral warriors honored as Gods They are rather bulky so that I am not able to keep them at my rooms. I should like to show them to you if you think they would interest you. Some of them date back so far as the 10th century.

Yours faithfully
M. Kataoka

Dec 16th 91 | 32 George Street | Hanover Square, W

Dear Sir

M Kataoka told me the makers and dates of the goods you bought, which I have written below

Set of three sake cups made by Hisa-taka, Kaji-Kawa middle of 18th cent.

Inro by Yo-sei end of 17th cent

Bizen figure

early 18th cent.

I hope that will do

Yrs faithfully
G. Kowaki

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B428 A. Kotin

Kotin

149 Finborough Road, | South Kensington | Russian Works of Art | A. Kotin | Sept. 14th 1891

To General Pitt-Rivers | Grosvenor Gardens

Dear Sir

I have recently received from Russia some exceptionally fine pieces of Russian Enamels and also have the following objects which I think are well worthy of your inspection:0

(1) Some very fine specimens of Russian Peasant work in Papier Maché

(2) Four Bronzes (various subjects) made by Russian Peasants

(3) A very unique Bronze made by a Japanese Peasant and his family

if you will allow me I should be most happy to submit the above whenever convenient to yourself.

Yours respectfully
A. Kotin

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B429 F. Kotin

Photograph returned on Nov. 18/95

F. Kotin, | Objets d'art | 40, Old Bond Street, | London 6 Nov 1885

To: General Pitt Rivers | Grosvenor Gardens SW.

Sir,

I take the liberty of enclosing the photograph of a statue of Budha, Thinking that perhaps it may interest you, it is at present in Paris, but should you like to see it I could get it sent over, the price asked for it is £45.

I remain Sir
yours obediently

F. Kotin

P.S. This statue was found at Jan Hup. near Mytho Cochin China, in the excavations undertaken to clear the ruins of an ancient Temple of Cambodian origin which was built when they over ran Cochin China height 60 centimetres width 19 do. the stone is a grey granite

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B430 Landauer

Telephone No 2419 Avenue ABC Code used | 36 Fenchurch Street | London E.C. | September 3rd 1898

General Pitt Rivers, D.L. | Rushmore | Salisbury.

Dear Sir,

We have received from our Mexican friends a Statue, which we understand is of great historical importance, and as we understand that you are interested in antiquities, we have taken the liberty of addressing you with regard to same.

The Statue represents the celebrated King "Netzahualcoyotle, in the act of sacrificing his first born to the "Sun God". The referred to King, is supposed to have been a companion & tributary of the famous "Moctezuma", so renowned in Mexican History. After the defeat of the Mexicans, the object of the present, is said to have fled to the "Huasteca" the land lying on the banks of the "Panuco" river & its tributaries, and then inhabited by the fierce "Texcocos", "Huartecos" & "Otomis", whom he rallied to his standard to make a last and desperate stand against the Spanish invaders. To propitiate the native gods & invoke victory, he made a sacrifice of his only son, and in this attitude he is represented on the Statue.

The latter was found a few years ago on the banks of the "Panuco" and on the estate of "Paiga", where it is supposed "Netzahuacoyotl assembled in 1503; the native warriors to preserve their native country against the Spanish conquerors.

The Statue is to be seen at our office, and we shall be glad to hear if you would like to become the possessorof this Statue, and awaiting to hear from you.

We beg to remain
Yours faithfully
[illegible signature]

---

Ansd Nov 24/98

36 Fenchurch Street | London E.C. Nov 23rd 1898

Sir,

We have received from our friends two more Mexican sculptures which from appearances are certainly much better than the last you bought & as no doubt these will be of interest to you, perhaps you could make it convenient when next in town to favour us with a call & see them for yourself

Awaiting the pleasure of your reply

We remain
Yours faithfully
Landauer

General A Pitt-Rivers | "Rushmore" | Salisbury

In pencil underneath:

To ask whether you can send the objects here packed, on approval G.R. is in constant receipt of obj from [insert] sent by [end insert] dealers & nothing has [insert] ever [end insert] gone astray as yet. It shd. be sent to Tis Stat, Wilt and the real price shd be named

You must be careful to send them to Tis & not to Salisbury which latter is only the post town, & I do not receive objects sent in that objects sent in that do not reach me [insert] him [end insert] If [insert] Genl. Rivers [end insert] does not agree to take them he will return them to your address

----

Ansd Dec 1/ 98 £12 offered for the two pottery urns

36 Fenchurch Street | London E.C. Nov 25th 1898

Sir,

We beg to acknowledge receipt of your favour of the 24th inst & as desired we forwarded the two Mexican sculptures to Tisbury Station, Wilts, so please claim same.

You will find these sculptures to be of the best & as the price is only £10 - each, we trust you will keep them & awaiting to hear from you in due course

We remain
Yours faithfully
Landauer

General A Pitt-Rivers | "Rushmore" | Salisbury

----

Cheque £12 sent on Dec. 3/98

36 Fenchurch Street | London E.C. Dec 2nd 1898

Sir,

We have your favour of the 1st inst to hand & noted & as our friends have left us a certain discretion & taking into consideration that you purchased the first carving, we accept your offer notwithstanding we have several parties anxious to become the possessors of the sculptures in question. We have the pleasure to remain,

Yours faithfully
[illegible signature]

General Pitt-Rivers | Rushmore | Salisbury

----

This Statue is believed to represent the King write name, in the act of sacrificing his first born to the Sun God. He isbelieved [insert] said [end insert] to have been a companion & tributary of Moctesuma renowned in Mexican history. Notzahualcoyotle fought against the Spaniards in 1503. The statuette was found in a well on the banks of the Panuca & on the estate of Paiga a few years ago & sold to Genl Rivers by Landauer & Co Sept 3d 1898

-----

B431 G.F. Lawrence

June 30 1897 | To: General Pitt Rivers F.R.S. | From Geo. F. Lawrence | 7 West Hill | Wandsworth, S.W.

Dear Sir

Your favour to hand. I send herewith the flints you have selected - & am obliged by your selection I trust that you will think the [insert] price reasonable [end insert] I also send a few more things I have come across for your approval. I am glad to find that you are better.

I am
Yours obediently
Geo. F. Lawrence

I am collecting a highly interesting & most curious coll'n of tools &c from an old piece of ground at the mouth of the Wandle - 12 feet from the surface - covered by an old mill for at least 150 years. I have 98 already chisels hammers gouges &c &c I will send a full list when I can get no more.

---

Ansd Aug 21/97

August 19 1897 | To: General Pitt Rivers F.R.S. | From Geo. F. Lawrence | 7 West Hill | Wandsworth, S.W.

Dear Sir

I have just got enclosed coin of Addedomaros which is rare. I can take 50/- for it which is less than half the list price of it - locality not known. I also enclose the rest of the Wandle photos which are selections of the better types of these tools &c

Some of the things are Saxon & are the first known things [insert] of that period [end insert] found here.

I am
Yours obediently
Geo. F. Lawrence

With compliments

----

L534

55 High St | Wandsworth | S.W. | Sept 18/ 8

Sir

I have a collection of stone & bone implements which I should be pleased to show you when in town, as I know you are interested in any thing prehistoric. It includes, a Thames series Palaeolithic & Neolithic arrow hd [sic] knives scrapers as well as larger things Horn hammers, [insert] flint [end insert] axes etc & a unique [insert] stone [end insert] hammer. A Palaeolithic series from this place also of my own finding, containing specimens like Canon Greenwells High Lodge "side scraper;" & Le Moustier "chopper" I have also a general collection but these, of course were [illegible because smeared] interesting.

Hoping to have the pleasure of a visit any Thursday or Friday

I remain
Yours sincerely
G.F. Lawrence

----

L1722

30.12.1896 From | Geo. F. Lawrence | 7 West Hill | Wandsworth S.W. | To: General Pitt Rivers F.R.S.

Dear Sir

I have already had several applications for the hoe & naturally am somewhat in doubt as to its value. I am not very anxious to part with it at present, as I have only had it a few days - & as I have had it such a short time I should not be inclined to part with it unless I had a good offer. it is perfectly genuine in every way & I am advised that it is worth at least fifty guineas as no such thing is likely to be found again - it would not be safe to send but ought to be taken by hand. Of course if the price is prohibitive, I am always open to an offer.

With compliments & best wishes for the new Year

I am
Yours most obediently
Geo Lawrence

----

L1931

7 West Hill | Wandsworth | S.W. | Sept 8/97

Dear Sir

I now send a few things which I hope will interest you I found a good number of stone implements at Icklingham & Stow but they are not so numerous as formerly.

I found there were at least three Barrows unopened yet & I hope next year to have a turn at them.

Arrowheads still occur & I got two very nice small knives some worn scrapers & flakes & a few scrapers, as fine as any I have seen. I expect that you have as many of the ordinary stone things that you would not care for them or any of them. One thing struck me as very curious - so many of the most prolific spots are enclosed by a low bank at each side but they (the enlosed spot) are all square in form & I therefore presume that they are not [insert] of [end insert] British [insert] origin [end insert] there are a number of old trackways leading from the low level [insert] road [end insert] to the high ground where the best things occur & the whole place seems a gigantic puzzle to me, who knows nothing of military matters.

I am
Yours most obediently
Geo. F. Lawrence

I had intended selling the Wandle find, in one lot but have parted them for you the only collector to whom I have yet offered them
G.F.L.

-----

L2087

Geo. F. Lawrence | 7 West Hill | Wandsworth S.W. | May 16 1898

Dear Sir

I am expressly obliged by your keeping so many of the things I ventured to send you. I think you did right in keeping the stone club, it is to my mind unique - I have never seen one before & of course could have sold it readily, but your kindness to me compels me to submit to you anything I may get that appears of interest, before showing it elsewhere.

Canon Greenwell writes me to say that Sir John Evans said when he presented the Canons portrait, that the Canon had a finder English bronze coll'n than Sir John but that Sir John had a finer foreign one.

The Canon certainly has the finest series of swords I have ever seen both in condition & variety, but I think this Knockans spear head fig 411 Evans bronze is without exception the finest piece of bronze work I have ever handled & the rich golden colour is exquisite To show the curious connexion of types I got him some years ago a spear head from the Thames identical with one he has from Eoford Northumberland fig 405 he said they might have been made in the same mould. this is curious as the type is very unusual.

I am extremely obliged to you for the cheque to hand & I beg to enclose with compliments & many thanks

I am
yours obediently
Geo F. Lawrence

Mr Boynton has permission to finish the excavations at the so called "Danes Graves" where he found the enamelled wheel headed pin I wish him every success

------

B432 The Sinclair Galleries, Frederick Litchfield

Litchfields | Importers & Dealers in Rare Porcelain, Furniture de luxe, Enamels &c &c | 28 & 30 Hanway St Oxford St London W | Agent to the Northern Assurance Co. and to the Security Company for Insurance against loss by burglary and theft | Feby 18 1892

Sir,

I am obliged by your cheque in settlement of a/c and I trust that you are now recovering from your recent very severe illness.

I had occasion to go to Gibraltar on personal business a few days ago & picked up there some very quaint old Spanish pottery which a Spanish family had brought there. If you would like me to do so I would send [insert] to Rushmore [end insert] a few interesting pieces for your examination and approval

I am Sir
yours faithfully
Fred Litchfield

Genl Pitt Rivers

----

The Sinclair Galleries and Art Workshops | 55 57 59 Shaftesbury Avenue W | November 1896

Restoration of Art objects by skilled workmen under experts

Sir,

I venture to remind those who possess or collect art objects that I have a special department for the Restoration and Repair of Old Furniture Tapestry, Sculpture Bronzes and Porcelain, and will send experts to advise and estimate the cost upon receipt of letter or telegram, to any distance.

An our anxiety [sic] to increase their business in fresh branches which they do not understand, appears to have induced some firms, quite unacquainted with Art matters, to undertake work of this character: they lack the requisite expert knowledge, their treatment is incompetent and as a result much valuable property is irretrievably damaged. When I am counselled or some other expert is called in, the damage has been done.

I have therefore the pleasure to inform you that I have devoted many years of personal attention to the consistent and judicious restoration of such articles as are mentioned above, and have under my control a large and experienced staff of expert workmen whose services I beg to place at your command

I am Sir
yours obediently
Frederick Litchfield

----

The Sinclair Galleries | 55 57 59 Shaftesbury Avenue W | May 20 1897

Sir,

In reply to your note enclosing sketch for a chair (which I return). there is nothing to shew the exact date of chairs of this character [insert] which [end insert] were made in provincial towns & hamlets [insert] of England [end insert] in the 17th & 18th centuries. Are you quite sure that the one you have is an old one? Your sketch almost exactly corresponds with the design of some so called "antique" chairs which are made in the East End of London and sold for "old"

I do not know whether you ever saw the collection of old Cologne, Seigbert [?] & Aulham [?] Pottery jugs made by Mr George Loch formerly of Collinson & Loch. * he is a good judge & bought some very good ones - owing to the dissolution of partnership between him & his partners for other reasons his collection was sold and I bought some 18 specimens of this old ware which is very scarce to find genuine. Some are pewter mounted - one or two silver. They are a great bargain to any one who will take the lot & if you like I w ill send them for you to ere [?] some of these jugs are the originals which were copied by Martin brothers - and some of very quaint in colour and decoration [sic] I think that you would like to have some for your museum and I am in a position to quote you moderate prices from having bought them for a small price

I am Sir
yours faithfully
Frederick Litchfield

Lt General Pitt Rivers F.S.A.

----

The Sinclair Galleries | 55 57 59 Shaftesbury Avenue W | May 25 1897

Sir,

I am much obliged to you for your "King John's House" which reaches me at a time when I am too busy to pay it the attention I should wish, but you appear to have collected together some interesting facts and to have told the story of them in a most agreeable form.

As to your chair. I am quite aware that those kind of chairs are attributed to a much earlier date by some, than I ascribe them to, but when I was engaged in writing my "History of Furniture" I took a great dal of pains to find out from contemporary pictures (such as these are certain) and from [insert] old [end insert] wills [insert] inventories [end insert] & many other documents what chairs were in use at the time of Henry VIII and if you turn to my chapter on furniture of that period you will see the result of my investigation - as a matter of fact there were scarcely any chairs in those days except a chair for the master of the house the other people used stools or benches. I believe that I am right in ascribing the design of your chair to the end of the 17th or early 18th century

Gres de Flandres & other jugs

I am sending these jugs for your inspection. Some of them cost Mr Loch £15 & £20 a piece, they were sold where no dealer of any importance was present and knocked down for a trifle through there being scarcely any opposition and the little dealer who bought them brought them to me and I bought the lot at £5 each all round. I have marked them separately at the lowest prices at which I will part with them separately but if you will take the lot as I did I will accept a profit of £1 each ie £6 each all round for the lot, except the last two on the list which came from Edkins sale which I think you attended.

I may add that I have in my own stock some Flemish and German jugs no better, indeed not so good as these I am sending to you, which have cost me £7 & £8 a piece at Christies.

These are really a great bargain In the newly published edition of Chaffers which I have lately edited you will find some additional information about these curious old pottery jugs pp 281-296 [insert] 313-321 [end insert] As you may not have a copy for reference I send you one with the jugs - if you wish to keep it the price is 42/-

You will find some reference to your own collection which I should like to have amplified if you had sent me the materials for so doing, but I could not go down to Rushmore at the time and when I did so later the part of the book was printed

I am Sir
yours faithfully
Fred Litchfield

Lieut Genl Pitt Rivers FSA FRS &c &c

----

Lieut Genl Pitt Rivers on approval

Fourteen very curious and interesting old Gres de Flandres Pottery jugs - collected by Mr George Lirk

5987 A small Gres de Flanders Jug with medallions of a tight rope walker in relief 7-10

5988 An old Gres de Flanders [insert] Fulham Pottery [end insert] white and decorated with heads & scrolls round neck 5-5 [Added in pencil 'Bt' ie bought]

5989 An old Gres de Flanders Jug decorated with a circle and points in grey and blue 5-10
5990 An old ditto grey and blue decoration with numerous heads in relief 6-6
5991 A curious old Gres de Flanders jug with spout - Lion's head in relief
5992 An old pottery Tea Jar fitted with a screw metal top and with flowers incised 8-10
5993 A very quaint old Jug Gres de Flanders pottery grey and red brown colour 5-10 [Added in pencil 'Bt' ie bought,]
5994 An old ditto raised diamond shaped ornaments grey and blue colors 6-10
5995 An old stoneware mug cylindrical shape grey blue and brown decoration 4-10
5996 An old Gres de Flanders Jug - red brown blue and grey decoration and with a metal mount 5-10
5997 An old ditto with flower ornament in relief green stripe round neck 5-10
Continued
5999 A small old Gres de Flanders Jug with a mask and rosette 3-10
6000 A small old stoneware childs mug fitted with a metal mount 4-4
5938* A very fine old Gres de Flandres Jug coat of arms & heraldic devices in relief and with an old silver mount 10-10
2 curious old Fulham Pottery Jugs one with AM heraldic device and [illegible] plain white these were formerly in the Edkins collection the 2 5-5 [Added note Bt ie bought]
Also,
Copy of Litchfield's new edition of Chaffers 2-2

----

The Sinclair Galleries | 55 57 59 Shaftesbury Avenue W | July 6 1897

Sir,

I regret to hear that you have been ill. I only wrote again in case that the jugs might have been lost in transit.

I really think that you are mistaken in considering the prices high for these genuine specimens of old 16th centy stoneware. I know that a few years ago Mr Lock paid at auction considerably higher prices.

I am sending you four specimens which I have just bought and which I venture to think you will consider both worthy your attention and at a very moderate price. They are undoubted specimens of old 16th centy pottery & stoneware

I am Sir
yours obediently
Fred Litchfield

1 16th centy Brown stoneware Jug 55/-
1 [16th centy] white 50/-
1 pair of salt cellars 63/- pair

Your returns are quite safely to hand

Lieut Genl Pitt Rivers F.S.A. &c &c &c

------

B434 The London & Burma Merchandize Company Limited

Ansd Oct 17/96

Sir,

Referring to the pleasant transactions we had with you last year in Burmese carved wood curios we would ask your kind attention to the annexed list of curios we have for sale & which may interest you

If you are able to inspect these personally or instruct your agent to do so, we shall be very glad to show you every attention & sell to you at lower prices than you could obtain the articles in Burma.

Your obedient servant
The London & Burman Co Ltd H Canes

Gen Pitt Rivers | Rushmore |Salisbury

1. Carved Teak Tower (Pagoda) 20 feet high
This is very unique & probably the only specimen in England. Please see book of phono
2. Carved Shrine (6 feet high). beautifully ornamented with stones etc
3 Complete Burmese Band comprising
Set of 19 drums in native cage
Set of 15 gongs in native cage
Putila (Bamboo reeds)
Gongs
Burmese Harp see Book of photos
4 Beloo Figure made of linen & Bamboo (brought from a Burmese temple) with movable arms see phono
5 Brass Guatamas
6 13 Pictures of Burmese native life brought direct from a Pagoda
We enclose a book of phono. which will give you some idea of Tower etc

-----

Ansd Oct 24/96

Dear Sir,

We are duly in receipt of your favour 17 inst our lowest price for the Pagoda Tower (Hand carved teak) is £30 packed [insert] ready [end insert] for despatch. The tower is dissetible & numbered. We had an offer for this tower early in the summer for £50 but as we were unable to dispose of it till the close of the Exhibition the matter fell through.

We trust this price will meet your views & await to hear from you

Yours truly
L&B Co Ld H Canes

Gen Pitt Rivers

---

Ansd Oct 17/96

Dear Sir,

I have your favour 24 inst & regret to say that in the absence of any reply from you the tower was sold on Saturday last at a better price than we offered it to you

Yours faithfully
L&B Co Ltd H Canes

Gen Pitt Rivers

----

B436 S&SWM PR papers: Martin Brothers

Ansd Nov. 4/92

Genl Pitt Rivers | Nov 2nd 1892

Dear Sir

In reference to the two Jugs which we have in hand for you we think your Monogram under the two crests on the one side would look better & balance better with the arms on the other than the two crests alone. Should this suggestion meet with your approval will you kindly let us known what the monogram shall be.

Yours obedtly

R.W. Martin & Bros

-----

Genl Pitt Rivers | Oct 18th 1894

Dear Sir

We have today sent off the two Jugs you kindly requested us to make for you, and we are sorry to have had them so long in hand; but really this has been no fault of ours, it is entirely due to the uncertainties inseparable from the firing of our ware. You will understand this when we mention the fact that last autumn we made and fired a pair of Jugs for this order, but owing to the colour not being good we refired them at the beginning of this year, which was the next firing to the Autumn one, and instead of improving them, they unfortunately split up & of course were thus ruined. The pair we have sent you today are, as you will see, very fine indeed, in fact as beautiful as anything we have ever turned out. We have charged you 6 guineas for them - The price would have been 7 guineas had we not agreed to charge you less as we wished you to let us make a pair, instead of one to try and match the other with

We are, Dear Sir,
Yours faithfully
R.W. Martin & Bros

P.S. We have returned your other Jug in the same box.

----

Ansd May 4/95

Genl Pitt Rivers | April 24th 1895

Dear Sir

We have your letter of the 21st inst and beg to thank you for the order to make you 6 mugs according to the instructions therein given. We will, of course, do our best to produce the same or similar color to the jugs, but this we cannot guarentee as the firing of this ware is very uncertain.

We are glad to hear that you like the pair of jugs, we consider them very fine specimens of our work

We are, Dear Sir,
Yours faithfully
R.W. Martin & Bros

---

Ansd May 4/95

Genl Pitt Rivers | May 2nd 1895

Dear Sir

We beg to say we have put in hand the six mugs you kindly ordered; and we suppose they are to be made formounting the same as the two jugs you have.

With regard to the Crests we shall be obliged if you will please let us know if we can put one of the crests on three of the mugs & the other on the other three; as if both are to be put on each mug they would have to be drawn so small that they would not balance well with the arms on the other side. We think they would look best as on the jugs

Yours faithfully
R.W. Martin & Bros

----

Ansd May 18/95

Genl Pitt Rivers | May 9th 1895

Dear Sir

As you requested in your letter of the 6th inst., I send you sketches enclosed for the six mugs we have in hand for your order. I have noted & communicated to my brothers what you say as to decoration & colour though of the latter, as I mentioned in a previous letter, we cannot be certain of We will try for a black ground & black handles & leave theornament to come a brown, unless you can suggest anything else. I suppose the arms, being the more important, should go on the right hand side of all the mugs?

Yours faithfully
Chas D. Martin

----

Ansd May 18/95

Genl Pitt Rivers | May 16 1895

Dear Sir

We shall be obliged if you will kindly return us the sketches for mugs with any further suggestions you may have to make.

Yours faithfully
R.W. Martin & Bros

---

Copy

Rushmore | May 18/95

Sir,

I return the drawings of the Mugs. I think the sides wld be better with a slightly convex curve as shewn by the pencil line. I shall be glad if you will send me an estimate of the cost. Of course they will be proportionally less than the Jugs being smaller The black ground & grey figures will be best as I pointed out to you

----

Ansd May 24/95

Genl Pitt Rivers | May 22nd 1895

Dear Sir

We are in receipt of yours of 18th inst and note that you wish the shape of mugs altered from what you originally ordered. The mugs have already been made the shape first given, but I have not heard yet whether any decoration has been put on them or not. I wrote requesting my brothers not to go on with them until I had written you in reference to the shape you now require. I shall be glad therefore if you will please let me know by return post which of the three shapes sketched on Nos 2 & 3 would be better for mounting than No 1 the price will be 30/- each

Yours faithfully
Chas D. Martin

[Drawings on reverse headed No 1 etc]

Please state the No. of the above which you prefer & kindly return the decorated sketches enclosed.

----

Ansd Mar 4/96

Genl Pitt Rivers | Dec 11 1895

Sir

We are very sorry that your six mugs, although made, have not yet been fired - the alterations at our Pottery, mentioned in our previous letter, having taken much longer time than we expected. We shall most probably fire our kiln next month, & your mugs will be in that firing. This is the first time in twenty three years that our firing has been so delayed, & we are very sorry indeed to have thus disappointed you.

We are, Dear Sir,
Yours faithfully
R.W. Martin & Bros

----

Genl Pitt Rivers | March 6th 1896

Sir

I am in receipt of yours of the 4th inst. & am sorry to say that owing to an accident to one of my brothers, who, through a fall, has severly injured his elbow, we have not been able to fire our kiln as we had anticipated.

It is a very unfortunate thing just now as we had already delayed our firing considerably beyond the usual time through having had to make considerable alterations & experiments with our Pottery for the production of another ware, as well as the ware we have been making now for nearly a quarter of a century.

I am going down to Southall tomorrow to see my brother & will write you again soon. I am very sorry to have disappointed you so much

Yours faithfully
Chas D. Martin

----

General Pitt Rivers | April 14th 1896

Sir

We are in receipt of yours of the 11th inst. and we are very sorry you do not like the Mugs, especially as we did our best to carry out your instructions; and, although the firing of this ware is always very uncertain, as we explained to you on a previous occasion, we certainly thought we had succeeded in getting the effect you desired, & which not a few of our customers admire, hence our saying we considered the mugs had turned out satisfactorily. But as you say you are dissatisfied with them we do not desire you to keep them, for, although they bear your Arms &c. we shall have no difficulty in disposing of them [insert[ though of course at a reduced price [end insert] However, we should like to be allowed to state that we understand you to say that you liked the way the first jugs had fired better than the second ones because the work on the former was less distinct from the grounds; and although we cannot control the firing of this ware so as to be certain of producing any desired effect, we nevertheless did all we could to make them like the first pair of jugs, before mentioned.

Knowing that some effects in this ware of ours improve on acquaintance, we venture to take the liberty of asking you to keep these mugs for a little while to see if the result would be so in this instance. But should you not wish to do so, we shall be obliged if you will kindly have them carefully packed & returned to us at our Holborn address.

We are, Sir,
Yours faithfully
R.W. Martin & Bros

----

General Pitt Rivers | June 18th 1896

Sir

We have received the 6 mugs back and are sorry they have not improved on acquaintance. We really thought you would have liked them very much because you said you preferred the first pair of Jugs to the second pair as the decoration was not so distinct from the ground on the former & the effect was like leather, & this you wrote in one of your letters describing what you wished the mugs to be like.

The clay & the treatment for color were exactly the same as used in making the two pairs of jugs above referred to. and the difference in the result is only due to the uncertain firing of this ware which, as we explained before, cannot be covered up in the kiln, as it is all salt-glazed - that is when the ware is got to a while heat salt is put into the fires & into the kiln & the vapour of the salt attacks the ware & the surface is melted.

The colours are affected by many things quite out of our control, amongst them flames & vapours, which play about the ware & may produce either good or bad results, or peculiar effects.

Will you kindly let us know if the shape decoration &c are as you wished & if we shall put 1896 on the mugs when we endeavour to meet your wishes

Yours faithfully
R.W. Martin & Bros

----

Rushmore | Salisbury | July 22nd 1896

Messrs R.W. Martin & Brothers

Sirs,

I am directed by General Pitt-Rivers, in reply to your letter of June 18th, to say that you may proceed to make the six Mugs as you propose, with the same design as before, but the shape must correspond with the enclosed drawing. The date will have to be altered to 1896, and General Rivers wishes the mugs to be done in the same manner as the first jugs you made.

Yours faithfully
H. Gray
For General Pitt-Rivers

----

General Pitt Rivers | Oct 15 1896

Sir

We beg to say we are about to make the six mugs again & should be glad if you could kindly let us have the Jug you like, so that we could see if it really was treated in any way differently from the six mugs which you returned, or was, as we feel certain, simply different on account of the firing, as we mentioned in our letters.

We should also like to know if the mugs are intended to be mounted, as if so it would be better to have the top rim cut back a little to take the mount.

We are, Sir,
Yours faithfully
R.W. Martin & Bros

-----

Ansd June 4/97

General Pitt Rivers | June 2 1897

Sir

We beg to say we have today sent you, per Parcel Post, a Mug - one of the second half dozen made & shaped according to you sketch, and dated 1896. These were fired some months ago, but we did not send them to you because they fired so much like those you returned, and our only object in sending this one now is, that we are making them again, and this is the year of the Queen's Diamond Jubilee we thought you might like to suggest some slight reference to it to be put on the mugs. Of course we should put 1897. We could put VR [insert] or V.R.I. [end insert] 1837-1897 on the front, or this

V.R.I.

1837

1897

We will try another way this time to get more contrast between the ground and the decoration. We have sold all the mugs but two. An early answer will oblige

Yours faithfully
R.W. Martin & Brothers

----

General Pitt Rivers | June 9th 1897

Sir

We beg to say we are in receipt of your letter of the 4th inst, and also the Mug. We should have acknowledged same sooner but have been away until this morning.

We will note your remarks in reference to the mugs we now making [sic]

Yours faithfully
R.W. Martin & Brothers

----

General Pitt Rivers | Dec 18 1897

Sir

We have today sent you, per Parcel post, three Mugs - we are sorry to say, the other three came out of the kiln cracked. The coloring this time we think is more like what you wanted. The cracked ones are just the same in color as those sent.

We shall be glad to know if you would like us to make the other three again, to complete the half dozen, and if so whether you would like to have the cracked ones in the mean time.

Yours faithfully
R.W. Martin & Brothers

----

B438 William Mullins

Feby 26 1896 | From: William Mullins | Old China & Antique Furniture Warehouse | Dealer in old Silver Plate | 52 & 54 High St Salisbury To General Pitt Rivers

Sir

The gilt screens where [sic] carefully packed in a crate & box (which please return) & sent to Tisbury Station this day. I washed the gilt and I think you will say the work [illegible] better than they did yesterday. In making out your cheque Sir I shall leave it in your kind hands to make it Fifteen guineas instead of fifteen pounds

Yrs very truly
Wm Mullins

Transcribed by AP for Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project August 2011

Pitt-Rivers and Inman

2011-08-15T13:33:04+00:00

Alfred Inman was a dealer based in London who specialised in 'Oriental' antiquities and objets d'art. It seems clear that this is not all of their original correspondence. Inman's objects are also represented in the British Museum, the vast majority given via A.W. Franks and from India. He is probably the Alfred Inman listed in the 1901 census as aged 70 (ie born around 1830) and living in Clapham, as a 'Dealer in works of art', born in Kennington, London.

Pitt-Rivers seems to have bought things from Inman from at least 1882 (recorded in first volume of the catalogue of the second collection) if not earlier. 1884.59.112, a Japanese figure, was purchased from 'Inman' on 26 September 1874, and this might be the same person although 1884.92.8, a pair of Japanese clogs, are marked in a card catalogue created in the 1920s as being from 'B. Inman', it is not known what this was based upon as there are no surviving labels that have yet been identified. If it is the same person then Inman may well have supplied objects for the founding collection, but if it is not then we do not know if Pitt-Rivers used him before 1882. Before 1888 when this surviving correspondence commences, Pitt-Rivers had bought quite a few objects from Inman, many of which are from China and Japan - the correspondence which largely relates to items from India and Burma therefore gives a slightly distorted view of Inman's interests. It is clear from the first letter that Inman was one of the dealers that Pitt-Rivers commissioned to bid at auctions on his behalf.

This correspondence is interesting because it is one of only a few surviving examples of a series of communications from a dealer to Pitt-Rivers (the only other comparable one seems to be from Sparks) and, although it is clearly not complete, presumably gives an idea of the sorts of relationships he had with dealers with whom he carried on business for many years.

B425 Inman

[Stamp] A. Inman Oriental Depot 17 Ebury St S.W. | 9 June 1888

Sir

The Pair of Parrots fetched 48 Guineas
The Pair of White Jugs (Lizard Handles) 17 gns!
The Cup with Red Band 7 gns!

Therefore they fetched about three times as much as the limit to my bidding put them.

There was a full room of company and fair competition. No doubt the value of the objects was enhanced by reason of their coming from such a distinguished collection.

I am, Sir,
Your obedient Servant
Alfred Inman

PS I enclose Catalogue marked with a few of the prices obtained

Genl A. Pitt Rivers | Rushmore

-----

{joomplu:861 detail align right}

[Stamp] A. Inman Oriental Depot 17 Ebury St S.W. | June 15 95

Sir

I am now ...ing [illegible] diligent search for a small specimen of this inlay made in Italy, and will report again when successful.

Yours obediently
Alfred Inman

General A. Pitt Rivers | Rushmore

P.S. The written invoice was kept back until I wrote

Pencil-written notes attached headed 'From History of Indian and Eastern Architecture by James Fergusson DCL &c &c 3rd volume John Murray 1891 Page 588 Book VII Chap X ... [not transcribed]

Inman obtained a series of wood carvings etc from the Indian exhibition Earl's Court London, in September 1895, see Add.9455vol3_p1232 /1 and on

-----

[Stamp] A. Inman Oriental Depot 17 Ebury St S.W. | June 18 95

Sir

{joomplu:862 detail align right}

I further beg to enclose some remarks of Dr Sir Geo Birdwood further upon the same subject.

Yours obediently
Alfred Inman

General A. Pitt Rivers | Rushmore | Salisbury

Pencil-written notes attached headed 'From Dr Sir George Birdwood's Industrial Arts of India Part II (South Kensington Museum Hand Book page 214 ... [not transcribed]

The Old English lacquer ware is probably Add.9455vol3_p1124 /2-3

------

Ansd by Gray June 25/95

[Stamp] A. Inman Oriental Depot 17 Ebury St S.W. | June 22 95

Dear Sir

I cannot hear of any massive pieces like the Agra Lota from the Indian Exhibition Only flat objects - plaques &c

I have also met with two pairs of pieces of Pietro-Duso as follows:-

Two rectangular plagues [sic] of Black marble 20 inches by 16 inches containing a Vase of flowers - formed of inlaid coloured stones in alto relievo Price £10 the pair plus 5%

Two Oval Plaques ditto ditto but smaller & with the addition of fruit, cherries &c of inlaid coloured stones in alto relievo Price £7.10/- the pair plus 5%.

The whole of this inlay work is from Italy. I cannot hear of any of this work being made at the present time or imported.

Of these two enclosed plaques the Bird & Tulip subject is considered the older.

I am,
Yours obediently
Alfred Inman

General A. Pitt Rivers | Rushmore

Pitt-Rivers obviously bought these, the bird and tulip mosaic is Add.9455vol3_p1121 /2, Add.9455vol3_p1121 /3 depicts cherries so might have been the other.

----

{joomplu:863 detail align right}

Ansd July 12/95

[Stamp] A. Inman Oriental Depot 17 Ebury St S.W. |11 July 1895

Dear Sir

It is altogether a very handsome piece of Italian inlay work and worth double the price I have mentioned [illegible]

I shall be very pleased to receive your orders to forward it to you - it shall be carefully packed.

I am, Sir,
Your obdt Servant
Alfred Inman

[Enclosed drawing shown here]

Genl A. Pitt Rivers | Rushmore

-----

{joomplu:864 detail align right}

Ansd Sept 18/95

[Stamp] A. Inman Oriental Depot 17 Ebury St S.W. | July 27 1895

Dear Sir

Yours obediently
Alfred Inman

General A. Pitt Rivers | Rushmore | Salisbury

[Sketch not enclosed]

-----

{joomplu:865 detail align right}

Memorandum | To: Genl Pitt Rivers 4 Grosvenor Gardens

[Stamp] A. Inman Oriental Depot 17 Ebury St S.W. | 12 Oct 1895

Please receive herewith

Catalogue of Indian Exhibition

Pencil sketch of Figure 3 feet high for sale (one of a pair)

Pencil sketches of figures 2 feet high for sale Single

and of Pair 4 feet 6 ins high not for sale

NB the Pair of Demons supporting a Bell belong to Lord Roberts At page 230 of Catalogue is matter expressing Indian marble inlay AI

[2 drawings attached, and shown here]

----

[Stamp] A. Inman Oriental Depot 17 Ebury St S.W.

Dear Sir

I have also written to the owners direct of other objects which you wished for - but so far the answers received have ben against disposing of them.

I remain,
Your obed. servant
Alfred Inman

25 Oct 95

General A. Pitt Rivers

Oct. 25 1895

General A. Pitt Rivers

The Kooftkarri Chardon is Add.9455vol3_p1232 /1

Bought of ...

Oct 8

From Indian Exhibition Earls Court One pair Carved Gong holders & pole Nos 230 & 232 £4.10.0

My commission 4/6

Oct 14

From Ditto Ditto catalogue 1/-

[Total] 4.15.6

----

[Stamp] A. Inman Oriental Depot 17 Ebury St S.W.

Sir

The favor of an answer to my request of the 25th inst. will greatly oblige

I am, Sir,
Yours obediently
Alfred Inman

30 Oct 95

General A. Pitt Rivers | Rushmore

The figures are Add.9455vol3_p1233/1 and on

----

Memo

Attendance had to be given at the Indian Exhibition Offices on four separate days vix Oct 23, 38 & 30, & Nov 1 before delivery could be effected.

Because the larger figures had been sold at the Exhibition also to Messrs Emmanuel of Portsmouth, who were unwilling to give them up I had to insist upon our right to them.

2 Nov 95.

17 Ebury St SW

----

Ansd Feb. 27/ 96

[Stamp] A. Inman Oriental Depot 17 Ebury St S.W.

Sir

I am, Sir,
Your obed. Servant
Alfred Inman

26 Feb 96

General A. Pitt Rivers | Rushmore

The Hispano Mauro ware is Add.9455vol3_p1228 /2 and on, the hair ornaments are not listed in the catalogue of the second collection.

----

Ansd May 15/ 97

[Stamp] A. Inman 94 Victoria St. London S.W.

Sir

Regilding Buddha

If the missing Nimbus was to be regilt, or the Figure taken away by your order, both would involve extra expense.

Yours obediently
Alfred Inman

6 May 97

* Note that the letter of 4 May 1897 is not included in S&SWM PR papers. Pitt-Rivers had several Buddha figures, it is not clear which, if any, listed in the second collection catalogue this refers to.

----

Inman | Ansd May 19/97

[Stamp] A. Inman 94 Victoria St. London S.W. | 17 May 1897

Dear Sir,

I judged that there was originally a Nimbus by the presence in the Stand, at the back of the two feet, of an opening cut to receive something.

Yours faithfully
Alfred Inman

To: Harold Gray | Rushmore | Salisbury

----

[Stamp] A. Inman 94 Victoria St. London S.W. | 20 August 1897

Please receive herewith upon approbation

One length of Delhic printed Cotton Dado (with half yard wide bands of various colors @ sixpence per panel Eleven = 5/6 (1 yard in depth)

One Square of Delhic printed Cotton Cloth (42 inches) for 2/6

One Portion of Delhic Cotton Cloth printed in colors - 4 yards long by two yards wide - centre design of the "Tree of Life" for 10/6

General A Pitt Rivers | Rushmore

"Jeypur" Palampres Printed in Colors on fine Cotton with

One larger, 4 yards long by 2 yards wide, Dark yellow ground Richly covered with Rafaellesque designs of Squirrels [illegible] Peacocks, Large Sunflowers [illegible] &c for 10/6

One Ditto with White Border & Dark Yellow Filling in Centre & Tigers & Antelopes in Dado for 7/6

One Ditto upon rich Yellow ground all over - Design of small [illegible] pattern of Bouquets and small arcade in [illegible] with sprigs of flowers facing the centre for 7/6

NB Other patterns can be supplied & further quantities

----

[Stamp] A. Inman 94 Victoria St. London S.W. | 20 August 1897

Sir,

Yours obediently
Alfred Inman

Genl A Pitt Rivers | Rushmore

It seems clear that these door posts and panels which will from now dominate Inman and Pitt-Rivers surviving correspondence relates to objects being obtained for display at the Larmer Tree Gardens.

----

[Stamp] A. Inman 94 Victoria St. London S.W.

Sir,

Yours of 20 August

I am in constant communication with Burma, and feel that there Posts can be readily procured from there. [sic]

If it is inconvenient to render measured sketches of the house at Larmer, I would offer myself to come and after viewing there and then to submit places to you

Yours obediently
Alfred Inman

25 Augt 97

Genl A Pitt Rivers | Rushmore

----

Ansd Sept 3/97

[Stamp] A. Inman 94 Victoria St. London S.W.

Sir,

Indian House Decoration

Yours obediently
Alfred Inman

5 Sep 97

Genl A Pitt Rivers | Rushmore

----

Ansd Sept 13/97

[Stamp] A. Inman 94 Victoria St. London S.W.

Sir,

Yours faithfully
Alfred Inman

Sep 8 97

Genl A Pitt Rivers | Rushmore

------

Memorandum | 11 Sep 1897

To: General A Pitt Rivers | Rushmore | Salisbury

Please receive herewith

A sketch shewing where Teak Carvings are placed in the stern of a Rangoon Boat

11 Designs for use in painting top spaces in posts of Benares House. More designs can be made for the whole of the posts, and tints given as to colouring if required.

PS I have many Oriental Drawings colored which are not Indian

The Shan objects appear to be Add.9455vol7_p2163 /5 and on

----

{joomplu:866 detail align right}

Ansd Sept 3/97

[Stamp] A. Inman 94 Victoria St. London S.W.

Sir,

I take this opportunity to submit herewith enclosed ten more colored designs for the embellishment of the Benares House as promised.

Yours faithfully
Alfred Inman

24 Sep 97

Genl A Pitt Rivers | Rushmore

------

[Stamp] A. Inman 94 Victoria St. London S.W.

Sir,

Yours obediently
Alfred Inman

5 Oct 97

Genl A Pitt Rivers | Rushmore

------

[Stamp] A. Inman 94 Victoria St. London S.W.

Sir,

Any instructions you may favor me with in respect to it shall receive my careful attention. And if you decide to have it, please forward me a cheque for it as below

Yours faithfully
Alfred Inman

8 Oct 97

31.10.0

2.2.0

------

£38.12.0

Genl A Pitt Rivers | Rushmore | Salisbury

PS. The owner considers it worth very much more, & I think he is right. And there is none other now to be had.

------

[Stamp] A. Inman 94 Victoria St. London S.W.

Sir,

The late R. Jefferies in his pleasing work "Wild Life in a Southern [insert] English [end insert] County" page 131 writes as follows of his experience of something similar

April 98

Genl A Pitt Rivers | Rushmore

These items do not appear to have been purchased by Pitt-Rivers or at least they are not listed in the catalogue of the second collection.

------

[Stamp] A. Inman 94 Victoria St. London S.W.

Dear Sir,

The cigar shaped pendant ornament came to me from the Collector who resided in Nepaul but in the parcel I [illegible] were [illegible] small pieces which he said he brought from Thibetan House and the Dealers who come into Nepaul in large number during the summer time. I believe it to be worn suspended from the neck. And in Nepaul they also wear a crescent shaped gorget about the throat, and I remember seeing in the French Army, during Louis Philippe's reign Officers wearing crescent shaped gorgets about the throat.

This cigar shaped ornament came to me in fact at the same time as the Nepaulese "Panas" of large size now standing in the place of the Inner Hall at Rushmore.

April 98

The Nepalese gorget appears to be Add.9455vol7_p2162 /2, the toilet pot from Thailand is Add.9455vol7_p2167 /1. The Panas are Add.9455vol3_p1004 /5

------

[Stamp] A. Inman 94 Victoria St. London S.W.

23.4.1898 [in pencil]

Genl A. Pitt Rivers | Rushmore

Sir,

I took the opportunity last week of inspecting the two Indian Houses in the Larmer Grounds, and have had under consideration the decoration of their blank panels.

Some of the Panels at Larmer are eight feet in height, others six feet but most of them are nearer three feet.

Yours faithfully
Alfred Inman

23 April 98

PS. Enclosed I beg to return, with my best thanks, the last bill duly receipted

Pitt-Rivers purchased some of these Indian textiles in 1890, though it is not clear from the catalogue of the second collection what use he acquired it for then, see Add.9455vol2_p658 /1 and Add.9455vol2_p658 /3

Transcribed by AP for Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project August 2011

Pitt-Rivers & Indian Art Gallery

2011-08-15T12:31:18+00:00

B423 Indian Art Gallery (Procter and Co.)

Indian Art Gallery | 428 Oxford Street ... | London Nov 13th 1888

Private

General Pitt Rivers

Sir,

I remain Sir
Your Obediently
R Alexander

In the CUL catalogue items from this gallery are headed 'Proctor and Co., Indian Art Gallery ...' No items of an erotic nature (which one must presume is what is being referred to above) are listed in the CUL catalogue. Neither are two stone models listed, which must been that they were omitted from the catalogue of the second collection for some reason.

----

Indian Art Gallery | 428 Oxford Street ... | Procter & Co. | London Dec 11 1895

General Fox-Pitt Rivers | Rushmore | Salisbury

Sir,

With regard to the two Windows in the carpet room at the Earl's Court Exhibition, we can get these reproduced at a cost of £115.

Should the size of these be not exactly what you require, we could make them either a little larger or smaller to fit any special space in which you might wish to place them.

Should you favour us with the order we will put the work in hand without delay.

Your obedient Servant
Procter Co.

------

Indian Art Gallery | 428 Oxford Street ... | Procter & Co. | London Jan 6th 1896

General Fox-Pitt Rivers | Rushmore | Salisbury

Sir,

Should you not be coming to town, the writer will be pleased to call upon you at Rushmore with the sketch, to receive your instructions, if agreeable.

We have the honour to remain, Sir
Your obdt Servants
pp Procter & Co
R. Alexander

Presumably these were windows / facades to be used in the Larmer Tree Gardens buildings, they are certainly not listed in the catalogue of the second collection

------

Indian Art Gallery | 428 Oxford Street ... | Procter & Co. | London Nov 13th 1896

General Pitt Rivers | Rushmore | Salisbury

Sir,

Should the object mentioned in enclosed cutting interest you, we should be pleased to submit it, as we have it here for sale Price £2.500

Yours Obediently
pp Procter & Co
R. Alexander

we have also some new Arms and other interesting pieces

Cutting:

Pitt-Rivers does not appear to have purchased this object.

------

Indian Art Gallery | 428 Oxford Street ... | Procter & Co. | London Mch 31st 1897

General Pitt Rivers | Rushmore | Salisbury

Sir,

We have just received six different patterns in Persian Tiles of the small sizes 6 inches square.

We can offer these at the unusually low price of 3/6 per tile if a case of not less than 50 is ordered & we should be pleased to send the samples on approval.

They would be suitable for panelling, chimnies, flower boxes, dados &c

We have the honour to remain, Sir

Your Obedient Servants
pp Procter & Co
R. Alexander

-----

Ansd June 17/97

Indian Art Gallery | 428 Oxford Street ... | Procter & Co. | London 10 June 1897

General Pitt Rivers | Rushmore | Salisbury

Sir,

We are, Sir
Your obdt Servants
pp Procter & Co

[list enclosed but not transcribed]

-----

Ansd Sept 15/97

Indian Art Gallery | 428 Oxford Street ... | Procter & Co. | London Sept 14th 1897

General Pitt Rivers | Rushmore | Salisbury

Sir,

We should be glad to know your decision respecting the Tiles we sent on approval in the month of June last. Trusting you are sufficiently recovered to allow us know

We remain, Sir
Your obdt Servants
pp Procter & Co R. Alexander

-----

Indian Art Gallery | 428 Oxford Street ... | Procter & Co. | London Oct 19th 1897

General Pitt Rivers | Rushmore | Salisbury

Sir,

We have a very handsome Persian enamel Samovar, or charcoal Coffee Pot, and a Camphor Wood chest on handsome carved stand, both worthy of inspection.

We have the honour to remain, Sir
Your obdt Servants
pp Procter & Co R. Alexander

The photograph enclosed of Persian Tile, in varios blues and white, is a sample of half a dozen, similar ones we should be glad to submit. If of no interest, kindly return.

-----

Ansd Nov 8/97

Indian Art Gallery | 428 Oxford Street ... | Procter & Co. | London Oct 26th 1897

General Pitt Rivers | Rushmore | Salisbury

Sir,

We remain, Sir
Yours obediently
pp Procter & Co R. Alexander

-----

Indian Art Gallery | 428 Oxford Street ... | Procter & Co. | London Aug 30th 1898

General Pitt Rivers | Rushmore | Salisbury

Sir,

We have the pleasure to advise despatch of goods as per enclosed invoice, and trust they will reach you in safety.

Photographs are enclosed with Tiles, prices as per verbal agreement

We have the honour to remain, Sir
Your obedient Servants
pp Procter & Co R. Alexander

-----

Indian Art Gallery | 428 Oxford Street ... | Procter & Co. | London

It is believed to be the only one of its Kind existing

The Persian characters are (freely translated) as follows:-

Oh Saheb may thy threshold
Like the Stars be full of light
The Scales of Justice in thy hand
For ever balanced be.

The fire place is considered to be one of the best specimens of Mooltan Tile work, both as regards the purity of colors and completeness of the design

Transcribed by AP for Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project August 2011

Pitt-Rivers and Henriques

2011-08-15T10:17:17+00:00

B420 Henriques

The first part of this is an undated tabulated ?invoice

No. of objects	No. ofSpecimens	[Object]	[Location]	[Cost] [£]	s	d
1	1	Arrowhead [drawing] detelled	Zeland		8	6
2	1	Arrowhead of chipping [drawing] less	Ditto		9	0
3	1	Arrowhead [drawing] less	Funen		10	0
4	1	Arrowhead [drawing] dentel	Ditto		12	0
5	1	Arrowhead	Unknown		8	0
6, 7	2	Arrowhead	Unknown @8		16	0
8, 9, 10	3	Arrowhead	@9	1	7	0
11 11a	2	Arrowhead [drawing]	The whole on Moen @ £1.5	2	10	0
12	1	Arrowhead [drawing]	Tulland	1	10	0
13	1	Arrowhead		1	5	0
14	1	Arrowhead	South of Zealand	1	0	0
15	1	Arrowhead Lyre o 15 has served as model to Madsen T 39.27	Freder…berg	1	10	0
15a	1	Arrowhead black flint [Drawing]	Funen		10	0
23	1	Arrowhead dentelled	Jutland		16	0
34	1	Harpoon	Zealand		7	0
44, 45	2	Sacrificial knives very big handle	Ditto	1	12	0
51, 52	2	Knives with square handles	Funen		10	0
92	1	Spearhead [drawing] big	Ditto	2	10	0
93	1	Same shape	Hammershoi Bornholm		9	0
122	1	Spearhead dentelled Madsens T 37 No 31	Zealand	6	11	0
128	1	Ditto	Aartus Jutland T.34 11		12	0
145	1	Narrow gouge polished on 4 sides	Havnbjerg		10	0
164	1	Ditto chisel	Aartus	1	0	0
165	1	Ditto ditto shaving knife very scarce	Ditto		5	6
184	1	Gouge cut charp scarce	Love		6	6
186	1	Ditto polished four sides pointed neck	Tyderup		11	0
187	1	Ditto ditto two sides very fine pattern	Tallinge Fullen		11	0
231	1	Flat wedge polished on four sides olive very scarce	Thorslande		9	0
232 233	2	Ditto ditto	Vemmelord		7	0

		[in pencil]		30	1	6

303 and 304					7	0
300	1	Wedge with pointed neck	Gjerlov		10	0
305	1	Ditto ditto ditto ditto	Foelstang		3	0
311	1	Remarkable wedge re			3	0
313 314	2				16	0
319					15	0
429		Wedge with hole scarce			10	0
332	1	Wedge with heal [sic]	Zutland		10	0
334		Hammer without hole	Laudsgran		12	0
335		Ditto with	Hyllerup		12	0
336		Ditto	Ditto		12	0
320					6	0
358 359	2	Fashion hammer boat shaped	Bayeuse Funen	2	0	0
366 367	2	Ditto ditto	Tylland	2	0	0
363	1	Ditto ditto manestone [?]	Tueland	1	7	0
365	1	Ditto ditto	Zealand	2	8	0
368		Slingstone			8	0
369 to 78	8			1	10	0
379					6	0
387				4	0	0
390			Srimnge [?] by		14	0
391			Hol		14	0
393to 396			Proesto Bildro		4	0
397 399					2	0
409 410		Flint block big			7	0
411 12 13		Arrowhead	Greenland		15	0
414 15 16		Ditto	Ditto		6	0
417		Necklace of amber beads	Screskon Aede	1	0	0
419-34			Askoliu	1	10	0
124					6	0
				55	1	6
105					8	0
129					13	0

56.2.6

--------

74.5.6

----------

S. Henriques | Antikviteshandel | Amagertorv No 18 | Kjobenhavn K | 10 Aug 1881

Honorable [sic] General Pitt Rivers | London

Dear Sir

most [illegible]
yours very truely
S. Henriques

Extract of invoice

-----

£63.6sh paid with a cheque on Messr Ransom & Bouverie S. Henriques Copenhagen 1 April 1882

-----

S. Henriques | Antikviteshandel | Amagertorv No 18 | Kjobenhavn K | 26 Sept 1881

Honorable [sic] General Pitt Rivers | London

Dear Sir

S. Henriques

Honorable Sir

This is Add.9455vol1_p8 /1 and on, oddly most of these are dated March 1882 despite dates on letters. There were also archaeological items obtained from Denmark in 1881 in the founding collection, but these do not seem to be included in the above lists and must have been obtained from another dealer.

Transcribed by AP for Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project August 2011.

Pitt-Rivers and Fenton & Sons

2011-08-12T12:50:37+00:00

Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum Pitt-Rivers papers B413

{joomplu:860 detail align right}

"The Old Curiosity Shop" | 11, New Oxford Street, | London, W.C. ... | Fenton & Sons | 11th Oct '88

Genl Pitt Rivers

Dear Sir

The Oak Table I did not buy, as it realized £3-5-0

I am, Dear Sir,
Yours truly
WK Fenton

There do not appear be any bedsteads or caskets from Fenton in October 1888 listed in the second collection catalogue, there is an iron casket from him in October 1887, see Add.9455vol2_p349 /2 but this is presumably not the one. The Hindu religious figures were also not purchased, or at least are not listed in the second collection catalogue.

----

"The Old Curiosity Shop" | 11, New Oxford Street, | London, W.C. ... | Fenton & Sons | 5th Nov. '88

Genl Pitt Rivers

Dear Sir

The shield as per enclosed sketch sent by you we have sold. It was about 20 inches in length.

We enclose sketch of a smaller specimen, without the brass centre, which may possibly interest you. [insert] Price 8/- [end insert]

{joomplu:859 detail align right}This appears to be complete as it is.

Yours faithfully
Fenton & Sons

Pitt-Rivers had previously bought a shield very similar to this on 12.9.1887 from Fentons. The second sketch in S&SWM PR papers is too large to scan but looks like the attached catalogue image of Add.9455vol2_p341 /6 except the terminals appear to have tangs.

----

Dear Sir

We are, Dear Sir,
Yours faithfully
Fenton & Sons

These items are not listed in the catalogue of the second collection

----

"The Old Curiosity Shop" | 11, New Oxford Street, | London, W.C. ... | Fenton & Sons | Nov. 24th 1896

General Pitt Rivers

Dear Sir

In reply to your telegram we have today forwarded to Tisbury Station on approval the goods selected by Mr Gray and we have also added three other pieces of China with similar ornamentation on.

In future when we get anything special likely to suit you, we will communicate with you.

We beg to remain, Dear Sir,
Yours faithfully
Fenton & Sons

This probably refers to the items starting from Add.9455vol4_p1427 /2. It is not clear what ornamentation is being referred to.

------

"The Old Curiosity Shop" | 11, New Oxford Street, | London, W.C. ... | Fenton & Sons | May 17th 1898

Genl Pitt Rivers

Dear Sir

We are, Dear Sir,
Yours faithfully
Fenton & Sons

-----

[in pencil at top] (Part of 17.5.1898)

"The Old Curiosity Shop" | 11, New Oxford Street, | London, W.C. ... | Fenton & Sons

Genl Pitt Rivers

Dear Sir

A set of three wooden masks belonging to the Brotherhood of Berehtelsläufer in the village of Lans near Innsbruck in Tyrol 17th century:-

The first one represents the Devil, head of a monster with large buck-horns

The second a spectre (bearded head of a man carved in Gothic lines)

The third a witch (head of a woman with very long nose)

These items are not listed in the catalogue of the second collection, so Pitt-Rivers may not have purchased them.

Transcribed by AP for Rethinking Pitt-Rivers August 2011.

Dealers Correspondence A-J

2011-08-11T15:26:11+00:00

B series S&SWM PR papers

Index of dealers with letters below:

Bryce Wright

Carter & Co. Poole

William Cross

W.D. Cutter

E. Cutter

S. Egger

Halstaff & Hannaford

Hann

Hirsch (on behalf of Ludwig Lindenschmit, Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum)

Hyams

{joomplu:857 detail align right}

B403 Bryce Wright

Bryce-Wright | Mineralogist & Expert in Gems & Precious Stones | The Museum 26, Savile Row, W.

March 7th 89

Sir,

I remain, Sir,
Yours obediently
Bryce Wright

Lieut Genl Pitt Rivers FRS

Pitt-Rivers does not appear to have purchased either of these items, or at least they are not listed in the catalogue of the second collection. Other letters from Bryce Wright can be found here

-----

B404 Carter & Co.

Ansd Sept 19/95

General Pitt Rivers | Rushmore, near Salisbury

Sir,

{joomplu:858 detail align right}

We are, Sir,
Yours faithfully
Charles [illegible]

Mr Harold Gray | Rushmore, Salisbury

Dear Sir,

We are, Sir,
Yours faithfully
[illegible]

See Add.9455vol3_p1199 /1 and on for these objects. Pitt-Rivers did not request more items from them, or at least if he did they are not listed in the catalogue of the second collection.

---

B407 Cross of Liverpool

Ansd Dec 6/98

December 2nd 1898

Cross, Liverpool | Telephone No. 6491

To General A. Pitt-Rivers | Rushmore | Salisbury

List of specimens sent

* 1 [insert] solid [end insert] Benin bronze figure, with Cross, Beads, Girdle

1 [Benin bronze figure] with crest on head from Kings juju home

1 [Benin bronze figure] form Queens compound

1 Gold Coast bronze weight from Prempets palace

1 River Niger (Asaba) state court spear

[Added?] (not sent) 1 Wood stool Gold Coast

1 four bladed paddle River Benin

2 two bladded paddles River Benin

1 ivory war horn, Rings house, Benin city

1 Ancient head of an extinct race of Indians from Peru. A curious type with low forehead, large cheekbones and coarse black hair much resembling the Malay head.

PS Mr Cross has not sent the stool he thinks it is not required

Also following Museum specimens

Giant hippopotamus head

Giant elephant head

The objects Pitt-Rivers purchased from Cross are Add.9455vol6_p1779 /1 and on

------

B408 W.D. Cutter

W.D. Cutter 36 Gt Russell Street Bloomsbury W.C. | London Oct 13th 1882

General Pitt Rivers | Rushmore | Salisbury

Sir,

I sent off the ebonised plate stands today packed in a box, for this size the lowest price I could get them for was 3/0 each & I hope they will meet your approval.

I beg to remain,
Your obedient Servt
W.D. Cutter

There is no record in the second collection catalogue of Pitt-Rivers purchasing anything from Cutter in 1882

---------

B409 E. Cutter

From Miss E. Cutter 36 Great Russell Street Bloomsbury London W.C. Antiquities, Curiosities, Natural History Specimens | Oct 21st 1896 To Genl Pitt Rivers Rushmore Salisbury

Dear Sir

I regret to say I have no Dyak shields just now, I sold two last week. I will write to you should I get any.

I remain
Yours truly
E. Cutter

Pitt-Rivers did not purchase a 'Dyak' shield from Cutter, or least one is not recorded in the second collection catalogue.

-------

B412 S. Egger

Budapest Lloydgebaude |Saison Carlsbad Malteserkreuz | S. Egger & Comp. Münz- und Antiquitäten-handlung Wien, Kohlmarkt 8, Wallnerstrasse 1 | Vienna 12th December 1881

Dear Sir

After much troubles it succeeded us to acquire a very nice Celtic sword which we allow us to offer you.

The last price of it is £20.-.- and it is of an especially form and size. We request for a very soon answer, as we cannot reserve a piece like that for a long time.

We remain Dear Sir from very truly

S. Egger Co

Drawing [drawing attached]

Honble | General Pitt Rivers | London

Pitt-Rivers does not appear to have purchased this sword, or at least it is not listed in the catalogues for the founding or second collections.

-----

B416 Halstaff & Hannaford

Ansd Aug 3/95

Halstaff & Hannaford | 228 Regent Street | Dealers and Importers of fine Japanese & other foreign goods, porcelain, lacquer, ivory carving, enamels, metals etc. | Established 1825 | July 31 1895

Sir

Yours obediently
for Halstaff & Hannaford
JH Housman

Pitt-Rivers did obtain 2 tsubas from Halstaff & Hannaford but in June 1895 so presumably these are not from this batch, see Add.9455vol3_p1130 /2-3.

------

B417 Hann

Ansd Sept 4/96

107 Praed St | Paddington | Aug 29.96

The paintings can be seen in London at any time or could be sent for inspection

[Printed list attached with card which says Imperial Cycle Bazaar, not transcribed]

These items do not appear in the catalogue of the second collection, they are apparently Buddhist.

----

B421 Hirsch (on behalf of Ludwig Lindenschmit, Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum)

George Hirsch, Speditions-Geschäft | Reichsbank Giro-Conto. | Mainz den 25th Sept 1882

To General Pitt Rivers 4 Grosvenor Gdns London W.

Sir,

Please let me know by return of post whether you wish me to pay on receipt of the goods or whether you will send a cheque.

Your obedt servant
George Hirsch

----

George Hirsch, Speditions-Geschäft | Reichsbank Giro-Conto. | Mainz den 7th Oct 1882

To General Pitt Rivers 4 Grosvenor Gdns London W.

Sir,

You will also please to pay their charges on these goods & oblige

Your obedt servant
George Hirsch

These objects are Add.9455vol2_p344 /1 and following

-------

B422 Hyams

Frank Hyams | 167 New Bond Street | London W. January 3rd 1899 | Also at Dunedin New Zealand | By special appointment Their Excellencies Sir Wm Jervois The Earl of Onslow The Earl of Glasgow

Dear Sir

I am this day in receipt of your dated 2nd Am sorry I havse not a catalogue.

The many curios I have at above address are from my museum in New Zealand

I should be glad if when next in London you could find time to visit my rooms as I am sure there are many things you would be interested in.

The working of the New Zealand greenstone into artistic articles has been [illegible] for many years I am now able to show some specimens of same

I am, dear Sir
Your obediently
[illegible but presumably Frank] Hyams

General Pitt-Rivers | Rushmore | Salisbury

Pitt-Rivers did purchase some items from Hyams in February, May and November 1899.

Transcribed by AP for Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project August 2011.

Pitt-Rivers and Martin Brothers

2011-08-11T13:01:37+00:00

For more information about the Martin Brothers, see here.

{joomplu:854 detail align right}

B436 S&SWM PR papers: Martin Brothers

Ansd Nov. 4/92

Genl Pitt Rivers | Nov 2nd 1892

Dear Sir

Yours obedtly

R.W. Martin & Bros

These two jugs are Add.9455vol3_p890 /1-2, I cannot see a monogram on the finished design. By this point Pitt-Rivers had acquired several other items from the pottery. The jugs are dated March 1893 in the catalogue.

-----

{joomplu:855 detail align right}

Genl Pitt Rivers | Oct 18th 1894

Dear Sir

We are, Dear Sir,
Yours faithfully
R.W. Martin & Bros

P.S. We have returned your other Jug in the same box.

This pair are Add.9455vol3_p1030 /2, eventually dated and entered as May 1895

----

Ansd May 4/95

Genl Pitt Rivers | April 24th 1895

Dear Sir

We are glad to hear that you like the pair of jugs, we consider them very fine specimens of our work

We are, Dear Sir,
Yours faithfully
R.W. Martin & Bros

No mugs are listed in the catalogue of the second collection

---

Ansd May 4/95

Genl Pitt Rivers | May 2nd 1895

Dear Sir

We beg to say we have put in hand the six mugs you kindly ordered; and we suppose they are to be made for mounting the same as the two jugs you have.

Yours faithfully
R.W. Martin & Bros

----

Ansd May 18/95

Genl Pitt Rivers | May 9th 1895

Dear Sir

As you requested in your letter of the 6th inst., I send you sketches enclosed for the six mugs we have in hand for your order. I have noted & communicated to my brothers what you say as to decoration & colour though of the latter, as I mentioned in a previous letter, we cannot be certain of We will try for a black ground & black handles & leave the ornament to come a brown, unless you can suggest anything else. I suppose the arms, being the more important, should go on the right hand side of all the mugs?

Yours faithfully
Chas D. Martin

----

Ansd May 18/95

Genl Pitt Rivers | May 16 1895

Dear Sir

We shall be obliged if you will kindly return us the sketches for mugs with any further suggestions you may have to make.

Yours faithfully
R.W. Martin & Bros

---

Copy

Rushmore | May 18/95

Sir,

----

{joomplu:856 detail align right}

Ansd May 24/95

Genl Pitt Rivers | May 22nd 1895

Dear Sir

Yours faithfully
Chas D. Martin

[Drawings on reverse headed No 1 etc]

Please state the No. of the above which you prefer & kindly return the decorated sketches enclosed.

----

Ansd Mar 4/96

Genl Pitt Rivers | Dec 11 1895

Sir

We are, Dear Sir,
Yours faithfully
R.W. Martin & Bros

----

Genl Pitt Rivers | March 6th 1896

Sir

I am going down to Southall tomorrow to see my brother & will write you again soon. I am very sorry to have disappointed you so much

Yours faithfully
Chas D. Martin

----

General Pitt Rivers | April 14th 1896

Sir

We are, Sir,
Yours faithfully
R.W. Martin & Bros

----

General Pitt Rivers | June 18th 1896

Sir

The colours are affected by many things quite out of our control, amongst them flames & vapours, which play about the ware & may produce either good or bad results, or peculiar effects.

Will you kindly let us know if the shape decoration &c are as you wished & if we shall put 1896 on the mugs when we endeavour to meet your wishes

Yours faithfully
R.W. Martin & Bros

----

Rushmore | Salisbury | July 22nd 1896

Messrs R.W. Martin & Brothers

Sirs,

Yours faithfully
H. Gray
For General Pitt-Rivers

----

General Pitt Rivers | Oct 15 1896

Sir

We should also like to know if the mugs are intended to be mounted, as if so it would be better to have the top rim cut back a little to take the mount.

We are, Sir,
Yours faithfully
R.W. Martin & Bros

-----

Ansd June 4/97

General Pitt Rivers | June 2 1897

Sir

V.R.I.

1837

1897

We will try another way this time to get more contrast between the ground and the decoration. We have sold all the mugs but two. An early answer will oblige

Yours faithfully
R.W. Martin & Brothers

----

General Pitt Rivers | June 9th 1897

Sir

We beg to say we are in receipt of your letter of the 4th inst, and also the Mug. We should have acknowledged same sooner but have been away until this morning.

We will note your remarks in reference to the mugs we now making [sic]

Yours faithfully
R.W. Martin & Brothers

----

General Pitt Rivers | Dec 18 1897

Sir

We shall be glad to know if you would like us to make the other three again, to complete the half dozen, and if so whether you would like to have the cracked ones in the mean time.

Yours faithfully
R.W. Martin & Brothers

Transcribed by AP for Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project August 2011

Pitt-Rivers and Litchfield

2011-08-11T10:18:03+00:00

B432 S&SWM PR papers: The Sinclair Galleries, Frederick Litchfield

Sir,

I am obliged by your cheque in settlement of a/c and I trust that you are now recovering from your recent very severe illness.

I am Sir
yours faithfully
Fred Litchfield

Genl Pitt Rivers

Pitt-Rivers purchased several ceramics from Litchfield on 17 December 1891, he was probably paying for them with the cheque. In March 1892 the catalogue records a number of Spanish ceramics being purchased from Litchfield see Add.9455vol3_p774 /1 and on.

----

The Sinclair Galleries and Art Workshops | 55 57 59 Shaftesbury Avenue W | November 1896

Restoration of Art objects by skilled workmen under experts

Sir,

I am Sir
yours obediently
Frederick Litchfield

----

The Sinclair Galleries | 55 57 59 Shaftesbury Avenue W | May 20 1897

Sir,

I am Sir
yours faithfully
Frederick Litchfield

Lt General Pitt Rivers F.S.A.

*Collinson and Loch: According to here, 'Art Furnishers', founded with the partnership of F. G. Collinson and G.J. Lock, former employees of Jackson & Graham. Designers employed by the firm included T. E. Collcutt, the architect of their premises; E. W. Godwin, who was paid a retainer to produce exclusive designs for the company from 1872 to 1874, H. W. Batley and Stephen Webb. They made furniture for the new Law Courts to designs by G. E. Street, along with Gillow's and Holland & Sons, and began decoration of the Savoy Theatre in 1881. Jackson & Graham was taken over in 1885, at the time when the firm had moved to Oxford Street and begun to focus on expensive commissions for grandiose London houses. The change of direction was not a success, and the firm was taken over by Gillow's in 1897.

----

The Sinclair Galleries | 55 57 59 Shaftesbury Avenue W | May 25 1897

Sir,

Gres de Flandres & other jugs

I may add that I have in my own stock some Flemish and German jugs no better, indeed not so good as these I am sending to you, which have cost me £7 & £8 a piece at Christies.

I am Sir
yours faithfully
Fred Litchfield

Lieut Genl Pitt Rivers FSA FRS &c &c

It is possible that the chair in question, in the last two letters, was Add.9455vol2_p505 /2, or Add.9455vol2_p604 /2, or one of Add.9455vol2_p610 /1-3, assuming it was a chair described in the catalogue of the second collection, which it might not have been.

----

Lieut Genl Pitt Rivers on approval

Fourteen very curious and interesting old Gres de Flandres Pottery jugs - collected by Mr George Lirk

5987 A small Gres de Flanders Jug with medallions of a tight rope walker in relief 7-10

5988 An old Gres de Flanders [insert] Fulham Pottery [end insert] white and decorated with heads & scrolls round neck 5-5 [Added in pencil 'Bt' ie bought, this might be Add.9455vol9_p2310 /1]

5989 An old Gres de Flanders Jug decorated with a circle and points in grey and blue 5-10
5990 An old ditto grey and blue decoration with numerous heads in relief 6-6
5991 A curious old Gres de Flanders jug with spout - Lion's head in relief
5992 An old pottery Tea Jar fitted with a screw metal top and with flowers incised 8-10
5993 A very quaint old Jug Gres de Flanders pottery grey and red brown colour 5-10 [Added in pencil 'Bt' ie bought,this might be Add.9455vol9_p2309 /1]
5994 An old ditto raised diamond shaped ornaments grey and blue colors 6-10
5995 An old stoneware mug cylindrical shape grey blue and brown decoration 4-10
5996 An old Gres de Flanders Jug - red brown blue and grey decoration and with a metal mount 5-10
5997 An old ditto with flower ornament in relief green stripe round neck 5-10
Continued
5999 A small old Gres de Flanders Jug with a mask and rosette 3-10
6000 A small old stoneware childs mug fitted with a metal mount 4-4
5938* A very fine old Gres de Flandres Jug coat of arms & heraldic devices in relief and with an old silver mount 10-10
2 curious old Fulham Pottery Jugs one with AM heraldic device and [illegible] plain white these were formerly in the Edkins collection the 2 5-5 [Added note Bt ie bought: the second is Add.9455vol7_p2118 /1, the first is probably Add.9455vol7_p2118 /2]
Also,
Copy of Litchfield's new edition of Chaffers 2-2

----

The Sinclair Galleries | 55 57 59 Shaftesbury Avenue W | July 6 1897

Sir,

I regret to hear that you have been ill. I only wrote again in case that the jugs might have been lost in transit.

I am Sir
yours obediently
Fred Litchfield

1 16th centy Brown stoneware Jug 55/-
1 [16th centy] white 50/-
1 pair of salt cellars 63/- pair

Your returns are quite safely to hand

Lieut Genl Pitt Rivers F.S.A. &c &c &c

Pitt-Rivers seems to have bought these objects from Litchfield, they are Add.9455vol9_p2307 /2-Add.9455vol9_p2310 /1, which are all the objects he bought in July 1897 from this source. Note that in the catalogue the salt cellars are named as pastile burners.

Transcribed by AP for Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project August 2011

Dealers Correspondence K-M

2011-08-10T15:53:03+00:00

B series S&SWM PR papers

Index of dealers with letters below:

M. Kataoka

A. Kotin

F. Kotin

Landauer & Co.

G.F. Lawrence [including copies of correspondence listed under the letter series of S&SWM]

The London & Burma Merchandize Company Limited

William Mullins

-----

B427 Kataoka

Dec 16th 91 | 32 George Street | Hanover Square, W

Dear Sir

Yours faithfully
M. Kataoka

Dec 16th 91 | 32 George Street | Hanover Square, W

Dear Sir

M Kataoka told me the makers and dates of the goods you bought, which I have written below

Set of three sake cups made by Hisa-taka, Kaji-Kawa middle of 18th cent.

Inro by Yo-sei end of 17th cent

Bizen figure

early 18th cent.

I hope that will do

Yrs faithfully
G. Kowaki

The Bizen figure is Add.9455vol3_p759 /7, the inro is Add.9455vol3_p759 /8, the sake cups are Add.9455vol3_p760 /1-3

-----

B428 A. Kotin

Kotin

149 Finborough Road, | South Kensington | Russian Works of Art | A. Kotin | Sept. 14th 1891

To General Pitt-Rivers | Grosvenor Gardens

Dear Sir

I have recently received from Russia some exceptionally fine pieces of Russian Enamels and also have the following objects which I think are well worthy of your inspection:0

(1) Some very fine specimens of Russian Peasant work in Papier Maché

(2) Four Bronzes (various subjects) made by Russian Peasants

(3) A very unique Bronze made by a Japanese Peasant and his family

if you will allow me I should be most happy to submit the above whenever convenient to yourself.

Yours respectfully
A. Kotin

Pitt-Rivers did buy some objects in November 1891 from Kotin but they do not seem to include the above mentioned items

-----

B429 F. Kotin

Photograph returned on Nov. 18/95

F. Kotin, | Objets d'art | 40, Old Bond Street, | London 6 Nov 1885

To: General Pitt Rivers | Grosvenor Gardens SW.

Sir,

I remain Sir
yours obediently

F. Kotin

The letter is clearly from a F. Kotin, but the address is the same as for A. Kotin (by this date) so presumably it was a family of dealers. There is no record of Pitt-Rivers buying from F. Kotin.

-----

B430 Landauer

Telephone No 2419 Avenue ABC Code used | 36 Fenchurch Street | London E.C. | September 3rd 1898

General Pitt Rivers, D.L. | Rushmore | Salisbury.

Dear Sir,

The Statue is to be seen at our office, and we shall be glad to hear if you would like to become the possessorof this Statue, and awaiting to hear from you.

We beg to remain
Yours faithfully
[illegible signature]

The statue was purchased by Pitt-Rivers, it is Add.9455vol6_p1796 /2.

---

Ansd Nov 24/98

36 Fenchurch Street | London E.C. Nov 23rd 1898

Sir,

Awaiting the pleasure of your reply

We remain
Yours faithfully
Landauer

General A Pitt-Rivers | "Rushmore" | Salisbury

In pencil underneath:

----

Ansd Dec 1/ 98 £12 offered for the two pottery urns

36 Fenchurch Street | London E.C. Nov 25th 1898

Sir,

We beg to acknowledge receipt of your favour of the 24th inst & as desired we forwarded the two Mexican sculptures to Tisbury Station, Wilts, so please claim same.

You will find these sculptures to be of the best & as the price is only £10 - each, we trust you will keep them & awaiting to hear from you in due course

We remain
Yours faithfully
Landauer

General A Pitt-Rivers | "Rushmore" | Salisbury

----

Cheque £12 sent on Dec. 3/98

36 Fenchurch Street | London E.C. Dec 2nd 1898

Sir,

Yours faithfully
[illegible signature]

General Pitt-Rivers | Rushmore | Salisbury

There are no items for £12 from Landauer recorded in the catalogue of the second collection but there are three items for £6, £6 and £5, it is not clear which were bought when but they were bought on two occasions, see Add.9455vol6_p1795 /2, Add.9455vol6_p1796 /1-2. However only one of them is a pottery vessel the others are a figure (or that is how it is described in the catalogue). In addition no figures cost £10, Add.9455vol6_p1796 /2 is recorded as costing £5 only He may therefore have acquired at least one item from this dealer not mentioned in the catalogue.

----

This Statue is believed to represent the King write name, in the act of sacrificing his first born to the Sun God. He is believed [insert] said [end insert] to have been a companion & tributary of Moctesuma renowned in Mexican history. Notzahualcoyotle fought against the Spaniards in 1503. The statuette was found in a well on the banks of the Panuca & on the estate of Paiga a few years ago & sold to Genl Rivers by Landauer & Co Sept 3d 1898

-----

B431 G.F. Lawrence

June 30 1897 | To: General Pitt Rivers F.R.S. | From Geo. F. Lawrence | 7 West Hill | Wandsworth, S.W.

Dear Sir

I am
Yours obediently
Geo. F. Lawrence

---

Ansd Aug 21/97

August 19 1897 | To: General Pitt Rivers F.R.S. | From Geo. F. Lawrence | 7 West Hill | Wandsworth, S.W.

Dear Sir

Some of the things are Saxon & are the first known things [insert] of that period [end insert] found here.

I am
Yours obediently
Geo. F. Lawrence

With compliments

Pitt-Rivers bought the first items (recorded in his catalogue of the second collection) in December 1896, the only item dated from June is Add.9455vol9_p2324 /25.

----

L534

55 High St | Wandsworth | S.W. | Sept 18/ 8

Sir

Hoping to have the pleasure of a visit any Thursday or Friday

I remain
Yours sincerely
G.F. Lawrence

Pitt-Rivers did not purchase items from Lawrence, according to the second collection catalogue until 1896. The date of the letter is confusing, it must be 1898 in which case there are several objects to match (Note that if this is 1898, the L number is misplaced as too early in the series of letters at S&SWM PR papers which are arranged chronologically).

----

L1722

30.12.1896 From | Geo. F. Lawrence | 7 West Hill | Wandsworth S.W. | To: General Pitt Rivers F.R.S.

Dear Sir

With compliments & best wishes for the new Year

I am
Yours most obediently
Geo Lawrence

It is not clear which this object is, and whether Pitt-Rivers decided to buy it.

----

L1931

7 West Hill | Wandsworth | S.W. | Sept 8/97

Dear Sir

I now send a few things which I hope will interest you I found a good number of stone implements at Icklingham & Stow but they are not so numerous as formerly.

I found there were at least three Barrows unopened yet & I hope next year to have a turn at them.

I am
Yours most obediently
Geo. F. Lawrence

I had intended selling the Wandle find, in one lot but have parted them for you the only collector to whom I have yet offered them
G.F.L.

Pitt Rivers accessioned into his second collection catalogue several items in September 1897 from Lawrence, Add.9455vol6_p1794 /3, Add.9455vol9_p2317 /9-11, Add.9455vol9_p2318 /18-19, 30, Add.9455vol9_p2323 /11-13, Add.9455vol9_p2326 /11-12, 20, Add.9455vol9_p2330 /1-5, Add.9455vol9_p2332 /18, Add.9455vol9_p2334 /1, Add.9455vol9_p2355 /3

-----

L2087

Geo. F. Lawrence | 7 West Hill | Wandsworth S.W. | May 16 1898

Dear Sir

I am extremely obliged to you for the cheque to hand & I beg to enclose with compliments & many thanks

I am
yours obediently
Geo F. Lawrence

Mr Boynton has permission to finish the excavations at the so called "Danes Graves" where he found the enamelled wheel headed pin I wish him every success

It is not clear exactly which set of objects Lawrence is referring to as he sold quite a few objects to Pitt-Rivers in early 1898

------

B434 The London & Burma Merchandize Company Limited

Ansd Oct 17/96

Sir,

Referring to the pleasant transactions we had with you last year in Burmese carved wood curios we would ask your kind attention to the annexed list of curios we have for sale & which may interest you

Your obedient servant
The London & Burman Co Ltd H Canes

Gen Pitt Rivers | Rushmore |Salisbury

-----

Ansd Oct 24/96

Dear Sir,

We trust this price will meet your views & await to hear from you

Yours truly
L&B Co Ld H Canes

Gen Pitt Rivers

---

Ansd Oct 17/96

Dear Sir,

I have your favour 24 inst & regret to say that in the absence of any reply from you the tower was sold on Saturday last at a better price than we offered it to you

Yours faithfully
L&B Co Ltd H Canes

Gen Pitt Rivers

Pitt-Rivers bought a couple of figures from them in September 1895, see Add.9455vol3_p1213 /1-2, some posts Add.9455vol3_p1216 /1-2, in early October he bought a carving of a waggon, Add.9455vol3_p1225 /1, he did not buy anything else.

----

B438 William Mullins

Feby 26 1896 | From: William Mullins | Old China & Antique Furniture Warehouse | Dealer in old Silver Plate | 52 & 54 High St Salisbury To General Pitt Rivers

Sir

Yrs very truly
Wm Mullins

These are Add.9455vol3_p1254 /1-2 at a total cost of £6. In addition P-R spent £9 on a teapot, he obviously did not pay guineas. There are other letters from Mullins but these have not been transcribed.

Transcribed by AP for Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project August 2011

S&SWM PR papers B427

2011-08-10T15:41:39+00:00

Dec 16th 91 | 32 George Street | Hanover Square, W

Dear Sir

Yours faithfully
M. Kataoka

Dec 16th 91 | 32 George Street | Hanover Square, W

Dear Sir

M Kataoka told me the makers and dates of the goods you bought, which I have written below

Set of three sake cups made by Hisa-taka, Kaji-Kawa middle of 18th cent.

Inro by Yo-sei end of 17th cent

Bizen figure

early 18th cent.

I hope that will do

Yrs faithfully
G. Kowaki

The Bizen figure is Add.9455vol3_p759 /7, the inro is Add.9455vol3_p759 /8, the sake cups are Add.9455vol3_p760 /1-3

Transcribed by AP for Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project August 2011

John Sparks and Pitt-Rivers

2011-08-09T14:43:23+00:00

John Sparks (1854-1914) was known as a dealer who specialised in Chinese and Japanese antiquities and objets d'art. He had an early career as a merchant seaman, based in the Far East. There are references to him working at Messrs Dowdeswell 160, New Bond Street, London in 1888 in the catalogue of the second collection. He established the Japanese Fine Art Depot, Duke Street, Manchester Square, London in 1888 according to the webpages about pottery on the Liverpool Museum website. The firm finally closed down in 1991, still under the name of John Sparks.

According to the Chinese Art - Research into Provenance site, John Sparks' established his dealership in the 1870s. His father had lived in Bombay [Mumbai]. According to both these sites:

Along with Bluetts, Sparks were among the longest established and most respected London dealers in Chinese art

There is / was apparently an archive of his collection held at the Percival David Foundation of Chinese Art, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. According to the wikipedia entry for the Foundation, the ceramic objects from the Foundation are on long-term loan to the British Museum. The current whereabouts of the archives has not yet been confirmed.

Here are a series of letters from John Sparks to Pitt-Rivers dated from October 1888 (that is, in the year he first established the depot). These letters are all held by Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum and copyright is held by them. Please note that the majority of these letters are bundled together in the so-called B [business] series, but one of them is actually part of the L [letter] series.

It seems clear that this is not all of their original correspondence and that Pitt-River may well have known Sparks before 1888. The letters transcribed here (all of the letters from Sparks in the S&SWM PR papers] seem to be concentrated on particular parts of the year, because at times it is clear from the contents that letters were exchanged almost every day I think we can be sure that many letters from Sparks are missing, and almost all of the letters from Pitt-Rivers to Sparks.

The correspondence is interesting because it is one of only a few surviving examples of a series of communications from a dealer to Pitt-Rivers (the only other comparable one seems to be from Inman) and, although it is clearly not complete, presumably gives an idea of the sorts of relationships he had with dealers with whom he carried on business for many years.

L557a

Containing description of Japanese kakemono of Heaven & Hell

"St Heliers" | West Bank, | Stamford Hill, N.

Dear Sir

According to your wishes I herewith beg to enclose you a few descriptive remarks respecting your picture, [sic, there seem to be 4] which information has been gleaned by myself both from the natives themselves abroad and from several books I have from time to time consulted written by good authorities.

Any further information I can at any time impart I shall be pleased to give you if you will kindly write or call and ask me.

For the present any letters addressed to me at 160 New Bond St will be sure to reach me at once.

I am dear Sir
Yours faithfully
John Sparks

Gen'l Pitt Rivers

{joomplu:711 detail align right}

[Enclosure]

Dowdeswell & Dowdeswells | Fine Art Publishers | 160 New Bond Street | London W. Oct 22 1888 | Telephone No 3779

Re. "Heaven & Hell"

The lower portion of the picture (separated by the Golden Cloud, the cloud being used by Japanese Artists of that period instead of mere formal lines to denote that the subjects on either side were a distinct or separate picture in themselves) [sic, punctuation] represents the ordinary life of the Japanese on Earth.

The animal running in the foreground pierced by an arrow depicts a sport that was for many years practised in Japan, namely the hunting of dogs who were kept expressly for that purpose, the idea of thus depicting this pastime, is that according to the rules and teachings of Buddhism, cruelty to animals was one of the greatest of sins and anyone guilty of the crime received most condign punishment. In many instances the victim having to return to Earth after his death, in the form of the animal he tortured during his lifetime, and receiving tenfold the amount of pain he himself had inflicted.

The river on the right is supposed to represent the boundary twixt Life and Death, having crossed wich the spirit of the departed one is led by the attendant priests (as shown in the picture) before a Tribunal consisting of a number of Judges.

Over the head of the Probationer you will observe a species of canopy is borne, this is the ordinary covering for a dead body in the Japanese funerals and is given here by the artist to indicate that the figure over which it is being carried is that of a person but very recently defunct.

On the left of the Tribunal is a hideous old hag who is apparently mutilating a victim, this is the Sodzu-gawa no Uba, or the Woman of the Three paths whose avocation is to receive the earthly clothing from each new arrival and then according to the fiat of the Tribunal dispatch them on One of the Three Paths namely either to Nirvana (Paradise), Jigoku (Hell) or back again in some other form to Earth again.

In Hell itself are depicted the usual forms of punishment; amongst them may be noted the Liar & Slanderer who is having his tongue torn out by the roots. The lustful sinner who is always seeing a gay courtesan close before him and yet when he reaches forward to seize upon her he falls and lacerates his body on the spikes that lay around.

The Unfaithful Women are being slowly drowned in a pool of blood (drawn from themselves during their lifetime,)(periodically).

The "Gaki', or, men who in life have been gluttonous, are here depicted as wretched starvelings craving for food which occasionally is tendered to them in tempting form by Demons, when immediately upon their placing it to their lips it turns into fire and burns their mouths etc.

The victim being held up by the hair of his head in the clutches of a large Demon is one who having denied his crime is being held up before the Magic Mirror whereupon he at once sees reflected, himself committing the crime he has just denied which in this instance was the setting fire to a Buddhistic Temple.

The figure in the centre at whose feet children are seen, is one of the favourite deities or saints of the Japanese, viz the god "Jizo" who is supposed to be ever on the watch to protect little children and who also at certain periods himself undergoes the tortures of Hell in order that those under sentence may be respited

The other priestly figures surrounding the altar area Saints residing in Purgatory and [insert] who [end insert] are incessantly offering up prayers and penances, thus mitigating the severer sentences passed on the most unfortunate.

To the right of the whole picture is given a description of the hard wearisome journey made by the true Buddhist, together with the many devotions and purifications to be performed ere he can hope to reach "Nirvana" which is depicted on the extreme right by a representation of the Bhuddist [sic] Trinity namely Buddha & his two sons surrounded by the Heavenly choir.

"Nirvana" being protected by a sea of a Dragons [sic] who prevent any one entering save through the medium of the Goddess of Mercy whose form may be seen at the very top of the High mountains as if urging the Toiler to struggle on his upward path.

This letter appears to refer to Add.9455vol2_p425 /3 and Add.9455vol2_p451 /1-2, Add.9455vol2_p452 /1-2 described as:

Bought of Dowdeswell, 160 New Bond St. Japanese Kakemonos a Set of 4 pictures representing Heaven & Hell] £10.10.0 the set of 4 [Drawing]

It is unclear why this description by Sparks, who presumably sold the picture to Pitt-Rivers on behalf of Dowdeswell, is described in the catalogue as 'a set of four' and depicted as such. It may have been a cut-down scroll? Kakemono means a wall hanging, see here for more general information

--- ---- ---- ---

B426 series of letters

B426.1

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. Aug 29 1989

General A.H. Pitt-Rivers

Sir,

{joomplu:845 detail align right}

They ask £20 for it but I daresay it could be bought for £15.

I am Sir
Yours respectfully
John Sparks

A portière is a hanging placed over an entrance to a room. This item is not listed in the catalogue of the second collection but if it was purchased for use in one of Pitt-Rivers' homes then it most probably wouldn't have been.

----------------------

B426.2

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. Sept 21 1889

Sir,

Would you like me to wait on you respecting same.

I have also a fine old short sword I should like to have shewn you

Yours respectfully
John Sparks

{joomplu:846 detail align right}

Rather surprisingly there are no Chinese bowls (or other pottery vessels) listed in the catalogue of the second collection as having been acquired from John Sparks.

------------------

B426.3

Sparks | Rushmore | Salisbury | Dec 9 90

Sir

The following in the inscription on the inside of the back [insert] or front, I don't know which [end insert] of the iron helmet if you can give me the translation of it I should be much obliged

[Copy of inscription besides each character in another hand [presumably Sparks] is Tosa-no ju (a province of Tosa) Miochin Ki-no Munéshigé saka]

Please write it on the side of the inscription if you can let me know the date of the Helmet it is built up in pieces & rivetted, a shield is made in the same manner which is, which accompanies it

A. Pitt Rivers

-------------------

B426.4

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. Dec 12 1890

Sir,

I enclose translation of signature, Miochin Muneshige was one of the family of the great Miochins Iron workers and your helmet therefore is a specimen of his work and is of the 14th century.

I am Sir
Yours respectfully
John Sparks

{joomplu:844 detail align right}

The suit of armour including the helmet is Add.9455vol3_p1185 /1, the shield is presumably part of this. The image of the armour and helmet was pasted into the third volume of the catalogue of the second collection and coloured. It is not known who took the photograph or when or who is wearing the armour (it could be Sparks, or even Pitt-Rivers).

-------------------

B426.5

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. Sept 25 1891

Sir,

I am Sir
Yours respectfully
John Sparks

These items are not listed in the catalogue of the second collection so presumably Pitt-Rivers did not acquire them.

-------------------

B426.6

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. Oct 2 1891

Sir,

Yours respectfully
John Sparks

The list is not enclosed, presumably Sparks is referring to the Bizen collection. PThe kylin is also not listed in the second collection catalogue.

----------------------

B426.7

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. Oct 3rd 1891

Sir,

Yours respectfully
John Sparks

I have addressed the box to you at Rushmore via Tisbury Station

-------------------

B426.8

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. Oct 12 1891

Sir,

As I leave Town by the 9 am train and consequently may miss the morning post would you be so kind just this time as to favour me with a wire tomorrow (Tuesday) if you wish me to call.

Yours respectfully
John Sparks

Alfred Morrison (1821-1897), an art collector, who had inherited Fonthill near Hindon in Wiltshire and displayed his wide art collection at the house and his London home. He also collected autographs. Many of his objects have ended up in museums.

---------------------

B426.9

John Sparks Proprietor | Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square

Returned Oct 22/91
L&SW Raily

It is clear that Pitt-Rivers did consider purchasing some of the Bizen collection but, if he did, they were not listed in the catalogue.

--------------------

B426.10

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. Oct 26 1891

Sir,

I beg to acknowledge the safe receipt of the pieces of Bizen sent for your approval.

If you are coming to town, I have received a small consignment of valuable old porcelain Lacquer etc. worthy of inspection

Yours respectfully
John Sparks
LE

--------------------

B426.11

Ansd Sept 7/92 by H.G.

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. Sept'r 6 1892

Sir,

Having returned yesterday from my holiday at the Sea, I at once forwarded your design with full particulars to my Agent, in Japan asking him to give it his immediate attention.

I have as yet shown it or spoken of it to no one and will wait your reply as to whether you would like me to bring it or send it for your inspection.

It stands 2 ft 6 in and I have drawn it to scale, the price is £50.

I am Sir
Yours respectfully
John Sparks

There is no record of Pitt-Rivers buying this particular bronze vase, but he did buy other similar sounding ones from Sparks in the mid 1890s

----------------

B426.12

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. June 15 1894

Sir,

Yours respectfully
John Sparks

See for more information about the Musashiya company here:

'The Musashiya company, operated by Ozeki Yahei 大関弥兵衛 and his son Sadajiro, were perhaps the most successful of the concerns selling high-quality decorative art during the Meiji era. Originally a dealer in pipes, Ozeki Yahei set up the Yokohama branch at 66 Main Street, probably under the management of his son Ozeki Sadajiro, soon after the port was opened in 1859. In 1877, both father and son exhibited commissioned pieces under their separate names in the first Naikoku Kangyo Hakurankai [National Industrial Exposition]. By 1880, the company is recorded as employing twenty-four people and dealing in enamels, bronzes, ivory, crystal, carvings, pins, fans, hardstones, tortoiseshell, lacquer, and a variety of ceramics.' [Joe Earle, Splendors of Meiji: Treasures of Imperial Japan, Masterpieces from the Khalili Collection (St. Petersburg, Florida, Broughton International Publications, 1999), p. 94]

-----------------

B426.13

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. Nov 29 1894

Sir,

Yours respectfully
John Sparks

{joomplu:847 detail align right}

---------------

B426.14

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. June 13 1895

Sir,

Yours respectfully
John Sparks

Pitt-Rivers did purchase a similar sounding / looking vase but sufficiently different to be pretty sure it isn't this one, from John Sparks in October 1895, the illustration shows the relevant entry for it

-----------------

B426.15

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. June 14 1895

Sir,

With regard to the pieces of embroidery you speak of I will look through my stock this evening adn see if there are any at all suitable and then write you particulars.

I sent the silver plate to Grosvenor Gardens on Monday thinking you were still in Town shall I fetch it away & sned it on to Rushmore.

Yours respectfully
John Sparks

The enclosed translation is from the interior of the little old nashji wound lac box you bought the other day.

Pitt-Rivers bought several pieces of enamelware from Sparks in 1895 which are listed in the catalogue, one of which might have been broken. No items of embroidery are listed as being purchased in that year, and neither is a silver plate so they must not have been catalogued even though the latter at least was definitely acquired.

----------------

B426.16

Ansd Dec 6/95

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. Dec 4 1895

Sir,

Yours respectfully
John Sparks

------------------

B426.17

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. Dec 7 1895

Sir,

Yours respectfully
John Sparks

[In different hand] Genl. Rivers' Test Jap: Buck is 2 ft 6 in from bottom of feeet to shoulder Doe 2 ft 5 in.

----------------

L1450

15 Duke Street | Manchester Square W. 10/12/95

Sir

I had a photograph taken on Saturday and now enclose first copy, it is not a good one but will probably give you some idea of how fine they really are

Yours respectfully

John Sparks

[There is also a printed cardboard rectangle saying Valuable with care From The Japanese

{joomplu:848 detail align right}

--------------

B426.18

Ansd Sept 8/96

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. Sept 7 1896

Sir,

Yours faithfully
John Sparks

[Added in pencil, by different hand?] information lowest price

------------------

B426.19

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. Sept 9 1896

Sir,

Yours respectfully
John Sparks

-------------------

B426.20

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. Oct 22 1896

Sir,

Yours respectfully
John Sparks

[Added in pencil, by different hand?] information lowest price

------------------

B426.21

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. Oct 22 1896

Sir,

Yours respectfully
John Sparks

{joomplu:849 detail align right}

-----------------

B426.22

Ansd

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. Oct 26 1896

Sir,

May I not send the horse down first and then when you have judged what is best, my man here could run down if you wished and bore the holes there, or screw the plates if you preferred.

Yours respectfully
John Sparks

Photographs survive from the 1920s of the Larmer Grounds with a life-sized horse statue, see illustration, this must be the horse referred to here. The illustration is taken from Dudley Buxton's 1929 Guide to Farnham Museum which starts with information about the Larmer Tree Gardens.

William Gowland (1842-1927), chemist and metallurgist who worked in Japan and carried out archaeology there.

-------------------

B426.23

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. Oct 28 1896

Sir,

If you wish I would of course come down myself and see it on its arrival and then if you thought fit I could have any plates etc made in London that we found necessary for its security.

The Bronze is certainly patinated but I should imagine that if occasionally wiped over the wet would not injure it in any way, smoke of course would be detrimental.

Yours respectfully
John Sparks

{joomplu:850 detail align right}

------------------

B426.24

Ansd Oct 31/96

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. Oct 30 1896

Sir,

Yours respectfully
John Sparks

-------------------

B426.25

Ansd Nov 3/96

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. Nov 2 1896

Sir,

Yrs respectfully
John Sparks

-------------------

B426.26

Ansd by telegram Nov 5/96

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. Nov 4 1896

Sir,

Only please give orders to see that they lift it carefully so that the Tangs do not catch as they move forwards or backwards.

Yours respectfully
John Sparks

You will of course send for me if you deem my presence would be of any real service

Lawrence Alma-Tameda (1836-1912), artist, and Edward Onslow-Ford (1852-1901), sculptor.

--------------------

B426.27

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. Nov 5 1896

Sir,

I should be very grateful if you would let your secretary drop me a lie when it has reached you

Yours respectfully
John Sparks

----------------

B426.28

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. Nov 6 1896

Sir,

I am Sir
Yrs respectfully
John Sparks

-------------------

B426.29

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. Nov 9 1896

Sir,

I will look very carefully through my own and other collections for any trace of the different kinds of chevrons and write you very shortly the result, returning your drawings

Yours respectfully
John Sparks

-------------------

B426.30

Ansd Nov 13/96 H.G.

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. Nov 12 1896

Sir,

Yrs respectfully
John Sparks

-------------------

B426.31

Ansd Nov 23/96 H.G.

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. Nov 19 1896

Sir,

I am very sorry to hear you were disappointed with the Horse when seeing it out of the cart, but altho' undoubtedly the depth of the shoulder is exaggerated still the Japanese Horses, (or Chinese Ponies as they are called) are very similar to the Bronze one as they are very thick built and strong and splendid mountain climbers.

Yours respectfully
John Sparks

{joomplu:852 detail align right}

------------------

B426.32

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. Nov 24 1896

Sir,

I am in receipt both of the parcel and your letter and beg to say the prices of the Tsuba and the old carved nut are thirty shillings each.

Yours respectfully
John Sparks

Pitt-Rivers paid this price, the tsuba is Add.9455vol4_p1490 /1, however he does not seem to have bought the nut, or at least it is not recorded in the catalogue of the second collection.

----------------------

B426.33

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. Nov 25 1896

Sir,

I thank you for your letter and you may be sure I will do my best to find further traces of the diaper patterns chevrons etc.

Yours respectfully
John Sparks

{joomplu:851 detail align right}

----------------

B426.34

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. Dec 1 1896

Sir,

I thank you very much indeed for your kindness in sending me a cheque so promptly.

This therefore should be of real use in giving authentic data to the use of the patterns

The price of the dagger is £3-0-0

Yours respectfully
John Sparks

This is Add.9455vol8_p2157 /1.

--------------------

B426.35

Ansd Dec 31/ 96

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. Dec 30 1896

Sir,

Among the many things I purchased at Dr Hart's sale was the fine old wooden carving No 536 (as per enclosed). I gave Twenty Guineas but value it at nearer Forty. Would you care to have it for £25.

Yours respectfully
John Sparks

{joomplu:853 detail align right}

-----------------

B426.36

Ansd Jan 2/ 97 £20 offered

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. Jan 1 1897

Sir,

In response to your queries I beg to inform you that the height of the figure itself is 3 ft the Glass Shade over it a few inches taller and the whole length from floor to top of stand 6 ft.

Kin-kan-kuji is the name of a Temple on the outskirts of Kioto.

Yours respectfully
John Sparks

The lacquer on the figure is almost hidden by a thick coating of blackish sediment caused by the smoke from the incense burnt in front of it for centuries.

Enclosure

Photo of Buddha [shown on this page] and a cut-out from a brochure saying:-

536 A Unique Figure of Buddha with Pastoral Staf, standing on a lotus pedestal, carved in wood and richly lacquered. Purchased from the priest at the temple of Kin Kan Kuji, whither it had been removed from Nara. The figure is full of the ancient prayer papers, the head being removable. A singularly fine relic of the 10th century, in ebonized case. Illustrated

---------------------

B426.37

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. Jan 14 1897

Sir,

Trusting that General Pitt Rivers if not quite himself again, is still very much better.

Yours faithfully
John Sparks

----------------------

B426.38

General A H Pitt Rivers London Jan 14 1897

John Sparks Proprietor | Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square

One fine old Japanese Buddha from the Hart collection Lot 536a £20 - -

To cost of packing etc £1 - -

£21 - -

Yours faithfully
John Sparks

---------------------

B426.39

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. Jan 15 1897

Dear Sir,

I am in receipt of your letter and though very sorry have of course nothing else to say but that I will take the Buddha back.

Yours respectfully
John Sparks

It is not certain if Pitt-Rivers kept this Buddha, and if he did whether he arranged for this Buddha to be listed in the catalogue or whether it was unrecorded, there is a wooden Buddha without provenance (either geographical or dealer) listed on page 2356 of volume 9 of the second collection catalogue, but it is not illustrated. It could be the same figures as it is just described as a 'wooden Buddha'.

-----------------------

B426.40

Ansd July 7/97

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. June 30 1897

Sir,

Would you like me to send it down to you to look at.

The price is £125.

Yours respectfully
John Sparks

Pitt-Rivers does not appear to have purchased the snake, or at least it is not listed in the catalogue.

-----------------------

B426.41

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. Oct 15 1898

Sir,

In a shipment received from Japan today, I have two small collections of the oldest known arrow heads, beads, rings bracelets etc that have been found at various times when excavating.

I am given a guarentee of their perfect authenticity and genuineness and therefore sell them on that basis viz to be proved to to be to the contrary.

Would you like me to send them down on approval

Yours respectfully
John Sparks

--------------------

B426.42

Ansd Nov 8 / 98

Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. Nov 5 1898 | Telephone No 791 Paddington

Sir,

I desire to thank you for your cheque receipt for which I enclose.

I have also received a very fine old Bronze Goddess Gwannon which you might honour me by calling to see when next you are in town

Yours respectfully
John Sparks

-------------------

B426.43

Things returned by rail, Nov 10/98

Telephone No 791 Paddington | Japanese Fine Art Depôt | 15, Duke Street, Manchester Square | London W. Nov 9 1898

Sir,

Yours respectfully
John Sparks

Pitt-Rivers does not appear to have purchased the objects, or at least they are not listed in the catalogue.

Transcribed by AP August 2011 as part of the Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project.

P143a.2

2011-08-03T13:30:07+00:00

S&SWM PR papers P143a

Memorandum

Wimborne Jany 10th 1893 | F. King | Bicycle, ... and Domestic Machinery manufacturer and agent ...

General Pitt Rivers

Dr Sir,

Knowing you are enlarging your Museum by adding a Cycle Department & I having been in the trade for many years have during that time collected a number of Machines of various patterns & types _ I have them at my Factory at Wimborne in the Stores, they are all for Sale and no doubt I could meet your price by taking the lot

I am Sir
Your obet st
F. King

----

Ansd Sept 11 / 95 and Sept 18/ 95

Memorandum

From Osborn Collins | Maker of the 'Little Wonder' & 'Osborn' cycles, Serpentine Road, Poole ...

29th August 1895 | To General Pitt Rivers | Rushmore | Salisbury

Dear Sir

Referring to my last visit to Larmer Tree when you asked me to obtain any old Bicycles I could for you I am happy to inform you I have obtained two one was made in about 1868 & the other in the early seventies. As one is without a back wheel I am fitting one dated about 1874 I also have a piece of rubber tyre probably the first that was made, as it was constructed to the design of Mr Tarrant of this Town, to go on the wooden wheel that was then used date 1869. The two machines are presented to you by Mr Tarrant Shall I send them direct to Larmer Tree? Trusting you have secured others of different dates

I remain
Yours respectfully
Osborn Collins

----

Memorandum

From Osborn Collins | Maker of the 'Little Wonder' & 'Osborn' cycles, Serpentine Road, Poole ...

19 Sep 1895 | To General Pitt Rivers | Rushmore | Salisbury

Sir

I regret having delayed sending machines but have been so very busy, however I am sending them tomorrow by train to Tisbury & trust they will reach you in good condition

I am Sir
Yours obediently
Osborn Collins

-----

Memorandum

From Osborn Collins | Maker of the 'Little Wonder' & 'Osborn' cycles, Serpentine Road, Poole ...

20 Septr 1895 | To General Pitt Rivers | Rushmore | Salisbury

Dear Sir

I beg to inform you I sent of [sic] bicycles to day addressed to Tisbury Station & trust you have received the same safely

Yours truly
O Collins

There do not appear to be any bicycles from the first donor in the catalogue of the second collection. The cycles from Mr Collins are Add.9455vol3_p1226 /1-2

Transcribed by AP August 2011

S&SWM PR papers P143a

2011-08-03T13:21:51+00:00

Rushmore | Salisbury | May 15 92

Dear Mr King

In reply to your letter of the 133th inst. I should like very much to have the agricultural models. I think this is the best place for them. When I presented the greater part of my collection to Oxford I kept back all the agricultural models & implements in order to form the nucleus of an agricultural museum here. It has been very successful and I am now adding a long room to it. I enclose an account and a plan of it from which you will see that it is popular and I think it is the only agricultural museum in the country. I remember the models very well. I had one or two of them copied and the copies are now here. My museum is practically a public Institution as you will see by the number of visitors and it is open to the public every day including Sundays when my private band plays at the pleasure grounds that I have opened about 2 miles from the Museum which of course attracts more people than the Museum by itself would do.

Yours very truly
A Pitt Rivers

Transcribed by AP August 2011

S&SWM PR papers P186

2011-08-03T10:05:47+00:00

Lindenschmit

Rom.-Germ. Centralmuseum | MAINZ | Mayence 23 juillet 87

Monsieur

Veuillez bien excusez le retard de la principale pièce de votre envoi, savoir de la casque, dont la reconstructive a été retarder pour unchangement dans notre atelier. Nous vous avons déja demandé le 29 avril a. o. sous l'addresse: Rushmore, Tisbury Station, (Wiltshire) comme vous nous l'aviez noté, si nous devions nous vous l'envoyer, mais nous n'avons pas encore reçu de répouse jusqu'a'a présent, c'est pourquoi nous essayons de vous demander aujourdhui sous l'ancienne addresse, 4 Grosvenor Gardens, London, où nous devons adresser notre envoi qui est tout à fait prêt à expèdier.

Aussi nous restons en attente de votre répouse

Agréez, Monsieur, l'assurance de notre plus haute considération, avec laquelle nous avons l'honneur de signer

Votre bien dévoué

L Lindenschmit

This refers to Add.9455vol2_p344 /1

S&SWM PR papers L2550

2011-08-01T13:15:41+00:00

Dear General Pitt Rivers

Mr Wareham called today, & he examined all my bric a brac, & he said that all the China including the tiles would be well worth 25 guineas. And that a purchaser would have to give more if he bought them out of a shop. I write to ask you whether you would give me 25 guineas & let me convey the whole of the china & tiles to your house in Grosvenor Gardens. You will be sorry to hear that my dear father aged 86 had a [illegible] stroke Saturday & is not expected to live

I am so thankful to be with him. I havse been nowhere since Saturday, though my nurse is part of Lady Salisbury's party. I sent my [illegible] & neice Edith Piggott

Yrs sincerely
Isabel Burton

23 Dorset St | Portman Sq | July 29

This letter must date after the death of Richard Francis Burton in October 1891, Isabel Burton disposed of his collection and manuscripts. Pitt-Rivers did not buy the china or tiles, or at least they are not listed in the catalogue of the second collection under Richard Burton or Isabel Burton's names.

Transcribed by AP for the Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project in July-August 2011

S&SWM PR papers L2508

2011-08-01T11:43:08+00:00

Fielding ans'd

107 Queens Gate

My dear Pitt Rivers

Although I believe you have given away your great collection of antiquities I hear that you still buy and I have some which I want to sell & if you don't care to buy them you may perhaps like to see them as I believe they are not to be beat in their way. They are chiefly old glass which were found in a tomb at Malta whilst I was there. Altogether there were over 60 articles in the same tomb, mostly terra cotta urns full of bones, but amongst them 2 of the finest glass bottles I have ever seen. There is nothing like them in the Brit: Museum or in the Museum at Naples. I gave £30 for the lot and am willing to take same sum. They are quite thrown away with me and I want the room. I have also some pretty glass from Halicaruapus which I will throw in with the rest. Should you care to see them it would be best to let me know when you will call although I am generally at home in the forenoon.

Believe me yrs very truly

P. Fielding

There is one item in the catalogue of the second collection which is related to Percy Fielding, but not this collection of glassware. Given the uncertainty about dates, this collection does not also not form part of the founding collection.

Transcribed by AP for the Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project in July-August 2011

S&SWM PR papers L2445

2011-08-01T08:11:07+00:00

36 Lowndes Sq | Decb 24th

Dear General,

Let me wish you a happy Xmas & prosperous New Year I send you the headdress from Beveno [sic Baveno] but I have not done it with either silk or I hair I found it so difficult. The photograph shows exactly how it is worn. I also send you the photographs of the Bull, and some others I daresay Mrs Pitt Rivers would like them and please give the one of the children to Mr Lionel as he grouped them. Grove moved which is a pity.

I will have the staircase printed on Platino [illegible] as Willy said then improve it very much with pencil or paint brush.

All here are well including Polly

Yrs very quickly

Agnes Dalton-Fitzgerald

This refers to Add.9455vol3_p1179 /5

Transcribed by AP for the Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project in July-August 2011

S&SWM PR papers L2426

2011-08-01T07:42:59+00:00

Post card sent to say the Genl was ill 24th Nov '99

Bartlow Station | Horseheath, | Cambridgeshire | 9.XI.1899

To Lieutenant General Pitt-Rivers F.R.S.

Dear Sir

For the last few years I have been much interested in the history of keys, & have appreciated your "Development and Distribution of Primitive Locks and Keys" to the full

Having a small collection of keys of my own, I have spent a considerable time in searching for information whereby I might classify it - now it occurs to me that the result of my efforts may be of use to others who have a similar interest in keys. Therefore I am arranging drawings of keys with authentic dates, collected from varied sources, chronologically from the Roman Period [insert] in Britain [end insert] up to the 18th century; Can you kindly give me any assistane in the way of references of keys to which an authentic date may be attached. My weakest period is, of course, from the 11th - 13th centuries, the greater part of my examples for the period have had to take from mss seals, stonework, & similar sources.

Please forgive the liberty I have taken in troubling you!

Yours very truly
(Miss) Catherine P. Parsons

Parsons' collection of keys ended up after her death at the Pitt Rivers Museum, Oxford.

Transcribed by AP for the Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project in July-August 2011

S&SWM PR papers L2316

2011-07-29T09:55:05+00:00

L2316

Ansd Feb 20/99

Mr H. Clayton Manisty presents his compliments to General Pitt-Rivers and begs to enclose a Roman coin found last summer (1898) in Silchester Camp.

As Mr Manisty understands that Genl. Rivers is interested in coins & has a splendid Museum at the Larmer Tree (which he hopes to visit) he offers the coin at such sum as Genl. Rivers shall consider a fair value as Mr Manisty is not a collector.

Claremont
Hayling Island
Hants.

10th Jany 1899

-------------

L2355

Ansd Feb 8/99 Coin not received at all | Manisty

Mr H. Clayton Manisty presents his compliments to General Pitt-Rivers and wishes to mention that some weeks ago, he sent to General Rivers a note, enclosing a Roman coin taken last summer out of the Roman city at Silchester, Hants Hearing that General Rivers was a Collector & had a Museum in Dorsetshire Mr Manisty offered it at such price as might be deemed reasonable.

Mr Manisty fears the letter must have miscarried

Claremont
Hayling Island
Hants.

5th Feby 1899

---------------

L2350

Manisty | Ansd Feb. 10/99

Mr H. Clayton Manisty begs to thank General Pitt-Rivers for his letter of the 8th inst.

Mr Manisty foolishly did not register his letter posted some weeks ago from here (Hayling Island) [insert] addressed "Rushmore, Dorset" [end insert] & enclosing a Roman coin in good state of preservation bearing a Roman Head inside with laurel [insert] or other [end insert] leaves on the side & several letters on the other "Vot." in the centre

Mr Manisty is making inquiries but fears nothing can be made out satisfactorily.

Mr Manisty had fully intended to leave the coin in person, when residing in Wiltshire last & had obtained the coin within two miles of Silchester by mere accident Mr Manisty would be extremely obliged if General Pitt-Rivers could instruct his Clerk to kindly send him a "Guide" which he saw when in Wiltshire and will remit stamps on learning the amount.

The guide [insert] to Tollard Royal &c [end insert] was written by General Pitt-Rivers

Claremont
Hayling Island
Hants.

9th Feby 1899

---------------

L2368

Ansd. Feb 23/99 1/- sent for Coin

Mr H. Clayton Manisty begs to thank Genl Pitt Rivers for his note of the 20th inst and while regretting that the Roman Coin is of so little value hopes that Genl. Pitt Rivers will add it to his Collection.

Mr Manisty has handed part of Genl. Pitt Rivers letter to the Postal Authorities with whom he was in communication. If a copy of Genl. Pitt Rivers Guide to the Larmer Tree &c (any old copy will do) can be found, Mr Manisty would be extremely obliged by its being sent to him at this address and Mr Manisty hopes to visit Tollard Royal in the Summer & obtain the new guide.

Claremont
Hayling Island
Hants.

21st Feby 1899

This is Add.9455vol9_p2335 /10, no cost is given in the catalogue. Note that this is definitely the right object despite the second letter as the catalogue records:

Description of Object: Brass Roman Coin of Crespius found in 1898 in Silchester camp

Measurement]: 3/4

[Date given]: Feby 99

[Who obtained from]: [Word illegible] Clayton [Words illegible]

Transcribed by AP for the Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project in July-August 2011

S&SWM PR papers L2236

2011-07-28T15:01:17+00:00

Memorandum | Arthur Conyers | Blandford [business address]

Oct'r 7 1898

To: General Pitt Rivers

Sir

I am taking the liberty to send you a pice [sic] of wood which has been dug up whilst making the new line at Blandford it is very much like a horse foot and I thought it might interest you.

I Remain
Your Obed Servant
AConyers

Reply [different hand]

General Pitt Rivers begs to thank Mr Conyers for the piece of wood in form of horse's foot found at Blandford

This item is not listed in the catalogue of the second collection.

Transcribed by AP for the Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project in July-August 2011

S&SWM PR papers L2215

2011-07-28T12:47:38+00:00

32 Prescot Street | Halifax | 2/X/98

General Pitt-Rivers F.R.S.

My dear Sir

The photographs to hand with thanks.

I enjoyed my visit to Rushmore the only drawback being your absence however Mrs Pitt-Rivers was most kind. You have certainly a very good collection of Benin articles & in so far as my memory serves me more representative than that of the British Museum; Read seems to have missed opportunity after opportunity by letting articles go past him

I am sending the carved ivory [sic, missing word sistrum] & coco nut on approval, as it will be more satisfactory for you to see what you are purchasing. I have pointed out to my brother that I think the prices (£8.-.- & £5.-.-) are too high & have suggested to him [insert] that [end insert] £6.-.- & £4.-.- would be reasonable. He is away at present but will be back in the course of 3 or 4 days when I have no doubt he will fall-in with my views.

The Studio will shortly publish a fairly exhaustive paper for me on the toreutic work of Benin & I have also a short paper on personal ornaments from Benin forthcoming in the Bulletin of the Philadelphia Museum. I will send you reprints as soon as I get them.

I enclose a list of Benin articles in your collection of which I would be much obliged if you could let me have photographs.

With Lady Grove I left a reprint of my brother's on the Benin Expedition & also a reprint of Major Lennard's paper on the Bendi expedition. You will no doubt have received them.

Im the Pitt-Rivers Museum at Oxford there is a Tasmanian fire drill; can you tell me whether it was in the Barnard Davis collection & if so whence did he get it? The Tasmanian protector Robinson was after leaving Tasmania, protector of aborigines in Victoria & he has mixed up Tasmanian & Victorian articles. I would be much obliged if you could throw some light on this matter?

Yours very truly
Henry Ling Roth

Photographs of Benin articles

p. 1623 Ivory mask

1624 Staff

1629 ditto ivory

1682 double bladed paddle

1695 head ornament

1697 agate head dress

1711 necklace

1712 box lid (?)

1714 coral wisk [sic]

1718 brass box

1674 Brass powder flask

1717 staff ("line" period)

? wooden panel [drawing]

? armlet perforated, with figures

Roth's brother was Felix Norman Ling Roth (find out more about him in the People section in the right hand menu). Henry Ling Roth had sold several Benin pieces to Pitt-Rivers, listed in the second catalogue. Pitt-Rivers bought the coconut (at the revised prices) see Add.9455vol5_p1747 /1, L2232 confirms that Felix did agree the lower prices for the coconut and also the sistrum Add.9455vol5_p1746 /1

Transcribed by AP for the Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project in July-August 2011

S&SWM PR papers L2153

2011-07-28T10:14:33+00:00

* S&SWM PR papers holds earlier letters from Selous which have not been transcribed, the first asked for Pitt-Rivers opinion on some tools acquired by Selous, the second and following letters start to discuss selling part of his collection to Pitt-Rivers. Edmund Selous (1857-1934) was a British ornithologist and writer and younger brother of big-game hunter Frederick Selous. See here for wikipedia entry. These items are not listed in the catalogue of the second collection.

L2153

July 25th 1898 | Wamil Hall | Mildenhall | Suffolk

Dear Sir

I am sending you today by goods train 50 specimens of stone implements. On re-reading your letter * I see that you say about 20 but as I have packed them & do not think that number would give a fair idea of the collection I am letting them go. - with three pieces of bone found with some of the stones included in case they should be of interest. The gravel-pits near the [1 word illegible] belong I believe to the "drift" formation. I have besides another hundred palaeolithic & fifty neolithic specimens (my own classification) & some more bones found in same formation with former Just a few amongst these may be doubtful most of the palaeolithics are rude - some so rudes as to be interesting, to my mind, on that account. Also 3 good specimens of forgeries (as I suppose) should these interest you.

Every specimen I am sending is wrapped up separately in paper together with ticket giving locality &c. Each ticket is numbered are [sic] also the stones themselves. I also enclose a list of the numbers. £20 is the price that I thought of asking for the collection.

Yours very truly
Edmund Selous

General Pitt Rivers | Rushmore | Salisbury

----

L2178

Cheque £20 sent on Aug 16/98

August 12th 1898 | Wamil Hall | Mildenhall | Suffolk

Dear Sir

Not having yet heard from you with regard to the flints which I sent you on the 25th of July last, I write to ask if you have received them in safety & if you would care to take them - since if not I shall be glad to have them again

yours truly
Edmund Selous

General A Pitt Rivers
Rushmore
Salisbury

The list of numbers is attached in the S&SWM PR papers, but has not been transcribed

--------------

L2200

September 6th 1898 | Longford House | Gloucester

Dear Sir

In reply to your last letter I have looked through all the flints I have left but there are none worth sending you as picked specimens, I am sorry to say, all the pick having been comprised in those I sent you. I reckoned the quantity together with the quality. Since you are so good as to give me the price I asked for both together for the latter only I can only hope it may contain something of great interest to you

Yours faithfully
Edmund Selous

General A Pitt Rivers
Rushmore
Salisbury

Transcribed by AP for the Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project in July-August 2011

S&SWM PR papers L2136

2011-07-28T09:15:22+00:00

L2136

Ansd July 12/98

[Stamp] Department of Egyptian & Assyrian Antiquities British Museum | 9 Jul 1898 | No. 1391

Dear Sir,

A fine collection of about 92 flint axes, knives, scrapers, etc., and about 100 flakes have been offered to us for the sum of £25. We cannot buy them, and so I shewed them to Sir John Lubbock, who did not want them & who suggested that you might care to acquire them. I therefore trouble you with a line to ask you if you will take the collection for £25. Sir John thinks them well worth the money.

I am
yours truly
E.A. Wallis Budge.

Gen Pitt-Rivers, F.R.S. | &c. &c. &c.

---------------

L2140

Ansd July 20/98

[Stamp] Department of Egyptian & Assyrian Antiquities British Museum | 16 Jul 1898 | No. 1403

Dear Sir,

I am sending you to Tisbury, packed in a box, the flints for which £25 is asked and I hope they will reach you safely & be satisfactory to you.

I am yrs truly
EA Wallis Budge

Genl Pitt-Rivers, F.R.S.

---------------

L2146

Ansd July 23/98 | Cheque £25 sent

[Stamp] Department of Egyptian & Assyrian Antiquities British Museum | 22 Jul 1898 | No. 1407

My Dear Sir,

I am very glad you like the flints. They all come from a place called Amrah, about four miles from Abydos in Upper Egypt, about half way between [illegible] & Abydos. They were found in the graves which are hollowed out like pie dishes in the limestone, and were buried with skeletons which lie with their faces towards the East. They are beyond doubt Prehistoric and as such in my opinion very valuable. In connexion with them you ought to read de Morgan's two books, especially that entitled L'Age de Pierre et Bronze. Here we call them pre-Egyptian, but I am not a flint expert & no doubt you will find a better name. All your flints are from one set of graves which lay close together.

If you decide to keep the flints will you mind sending me a cheque made out in the name of Chauncey Murch, as I should like to settle the matter before I go for holidays? Would you like any more?

I am

yours truly
EA Wallis Budge

This probably refers to Add.9455vol5_p1582 /5 and on, described as 'A collection of Flint implements from Amrah 4 miles from Abydos Upper Egypt - Chauncey March July 1898 graves 18 implements / 16 [Insert] 17 [End Insert] Knives / 7 flakes more or less worked / 3 saw / 41 scrapers / 5 various / Total 91'

Chauncey Murch was an American missionary stationed at Luxor, a set of his Egyptian objects is now part of the Metropolitan Museum's holdings.

Transcribed by AP for the Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project in July-August 2011

S&SWM PR papers L2084

2011-07-27T12:03:27+00:00

Miss Webb

Ansd May 11/98

Newstead Abbey | Nottingham

May 7th 98

Dear General Pitt Rivers

When I was in Egypt this winter, I saw a little earthenware thing, in the shape of a crocodile, I believe it is used for rubbing the hard skin on the soles of the feet, to keep the soles in good condition, you will see that it is rough underneath, on the base the crocodile sits on. I thought it rather original & did not remember having seen one like it in your Museum, so got you one. I send it by parcel post & hope it may arrive unbroken. When we were at Assouan, the Commandant there, told me that a friend of his, had some very curious chain-armour, it was made differently to any other, but I could not quite make out how, if you would like to know however, I could write to Assouan & get the name of the man who has the chain armour, he is the one who understands such things - I thought it just possible it might by the same make as that on the effigy in your church, I remember you telling me, that there not [sic] a known example of it, in existence this armour, having come from Soudan may be very old. one or two crusaders swords have been bought from there, but there are very very few & all known, & of course, the prices given for them are huge. I hope you are well again, & strong & not standing about too much in this weather. The temperature seems never the same 2 hours together. My very best regards to you & Mrs Pitt Rivers

Believe me
yours sincerely
Geraldine K Webb

This is Add.9455vol5_p1685 /2

S&SWM PR papers L2068

2011-07-05T12:32:23+00:00

L2068

April 14/98 | 5 Beaumont Crescent | West Kensington | London W

Ansd | Apr. 26/98 | Buckland

Dear Genl. Pitt-Rivers

I have just learnt that some relics which I saw two years ago, & believe to be of great interest are for sale, & knowing you are a collector I think you will pardon me for calling your attention to them.

They belonged to an old lapidary who had discovered them in a cave in the Great Orme's Head, and were described some years ago by Professor Boyd Dawkins as of Neolithic age. The owner died at Xmas, & I now hear his sister is selling or offering for sale, all the curiosities he had collected, & amongst them the necklace found with the Neolithic remains in the cave, which will probably thus pass into the hands of some dealer in curiosities, instead of finding its proper place in some national collection. The marked teeth are I think rare, if not unique in Britain, although found in French & Belgian caves.

I wrote a little paper on the subject for the Anthropological Society, which was returned to me for the reason given in the annexed letter, I sent it to you herewith as more explanatory than a letter, & if it should be to you in oft-told tale you will perhaps kindly return it to me, & pardon me for writing to you of things already known, but which seem of special interest to

yours greatly obliged

AW Buckland

-------------

L2076

Paper returned, Apr 28/98

April 27th 1898 | 5 Beaumont Crescent | West Kensington W.

Dear Genl Pitt-Rivers

I am sorry I cannot give you any address in Llandudno with regard to the necklace, bears teeth & horse's jaw with marks upon them, about which I wrote to you. I thought you might probably have a correspondent in the neighbourhood, or some agency employed by you in such transactions, or might know the owner of the property who allowed the old lapidary to take possession of the cave in which he had discovered the neolithic human remains, & their ornaments. The cave itself is most interesting, & the genuineness of the discovery was endorsed at the time by Boyd Dawkins, so that I trust it may not now be given over to the tender mercies of the excursionist & curiosity seeker. My informant was a lady from Llandudno who knowing I was interested in the matter called to tell me that the old lapidary, whose name I think was Kennion [insert] drick [end insert] was dead & that his sister was selling all his curios as fast as she could. He had a few good things & a lot of rubbish all which, with the cave containing some of the Neolithic remains still in their original matrix, & a Camera Obscura which he had erected in the Garden he exhibited at 2d a head

My informant said it was rumoured that the authorities of Owen's College were thinking of purchasing some of the things, but she feared that the old man's sister would accept the first good offer, not caring what became of the things so perhaps ere this they are well dispersed.

I am very sorry to hear you are invalided, but trust the ailment is transitory. I see at last there is some chance of the establishment of an Anthropological Museum & Bureau of Ethnology in London I remember that you brought forward a plan for such an institution some years ago, & trust now your scheme may be adopted I was glad to see that Mr Rudler had been elected President of the Anthropological Institute, but I have not seen him, as I am not able now to attend the coming meetings. I should like my little paper back some day, at your convenience.

Yours very truly
AW Buckland

This item does not appear in the catalogue of the second collection. These necklace teeth might be those shown here which are now in the National Museum of Wales and were found by Thomas Kendrick in the so-called Kendrick's Cave, he was a stone mason. See also here.

The correspondent is Anne Walbank Buckland whose items are part of the founding collection and may therefore have known Pitt-Rivers before 1880.

Transcribed by AP July 2011 for the Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project

S&SWM PR papers L2064

2011-07-05T12:15:35+00:00

L2064

Whitehead | Ansd Apr. 14/ 98

Wyke Hall | Gillingham | Dorset | [in pencil] 7 April 98

Dear Sir

Would you like to buy an enormous Man Trap for your Museum? I know you have a small one, but nothing like mine! It belonged to my Great Uncle Thomas King who had the little discussions on Cranborne Chase with your ancestors. If you are disposed to look at the Man Trap, I should be delighted to show it to you, as well as my Pictures of more famous [illegible]. Could you and Mrs Rivers drive over one day? If you will for a time next week I will be at home. I am giving up my lease of this house to a Purchaser, and on that account, I am parting with a few cumbersome [?] things

Believe me
faithfully yrs
Mary Whitehead

7 April

----

L2071

Wyke Hall | Gillingham | Dorset | [in pencil] 15 April 98

Dear Sir

I am very sorry indeed to hear you are out of health - and I hope you will soon by quite well again. I would like you to have the Man Trap. I dont like it to go to anybodys hands and it is rather big to carry about. Its size is very much larger than yours & it has been in our family a great number of years.

The Pictures I do not part with, they are very interesting to Wilts and Dorset men. They are copies of the Originals, which more made their rooms [sic], and therefore now belong to my Brother Revd F. King Canon Jackson refers to them in a Lecture he gave on Cranborne Chase of which you no doubt have a copy If not I can lend you mine, I have another very curious old Painting of the celebrated doing at Handley on the day the Deer were killed from Sunrise to Sunset near the Larmer Tree a motley pack of dogs of all kinds pulling down a Stag. I dont care about this picture so much or "The Law Suits" Sincerely hoping you will soon be well

I remain dear Sir
Yrs very truly
Mary Whitehead

15 April

Enclosed

Mr King's "Man Trap" Highest 6 feet 5 width 2 - 9

This trap is not listed in the catalogue of the second collection, nor are the pictures.

Transcribed by AP for the Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project in July-August 2011

S&SWM PR papers L2050

2011-07-05T11:46:09+00:00

P.O. 10/6 | sent on | Mar. 18/98

Barum House | Near Wealdstone | British Museum | 21 Feb

General Pitt Rivers

I beg to enclose for your inspection a small bronze figure found some six years since by Mr Billiotti at Ilyrus in Crete. It shows a very unusual form of restoration the head & bust being removeable from the trunk. It is not very beautiful but I consider it very early & of interest in suc a collection as your own. It is a question whether the ancients have been putting old heads on young shoulders or vice versa.

Should the bronze prove of interest to you I will dispose of it for 10/6

I beg to remain

Yours respectfully

A.P. Ready

Augustus P. Ready was the brother of William Talbot Ready who also worked at the BM and dealt in antiquities. This object does not appear in the catalogue of the second collection.

Transcribed by AP for the Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project in July-August 2011

S&SWM PR papers L1990

2011-07-04T14:23:53+00:00

Dorset | Office of County Surveyor, | Wimborne 8th November 1897

Dear Sir,

I am venturing to send you an ancient horse shoe one of many found in excavating for the foundations of Kings Mill Bridge Marnhull lately rebuilt by the County I have been trying to account for the large number found (some dozens I should say) perhaps they may have belonged to Cavalry horses as they are all the same pattern. No doubt you have asome of the same in your valuable museum. Would you allow one of your Assistants to send me a few lines as to probable date &c. & why so many of them are found together

yours faithfully

Walter J. Fletcher

Gent Pitt Rivers | Rushmore | Salisbury

This is Add.9455vol9_p2317 /6

Transcribed by AP for Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project July 2011

S&SWM PR papers L1983

2011-07-04T13:15:13+00:00

Limassol | Cyprus | October 16th, 1897

Dear Fox Pitt,

Yours of Sep'tr 24th rec'd by last mail I sent off the bronzes &c by this steamer to london last week I enclosed you Father's case in a larger one along with some other things & they will be sent on as soon as the box arrives which ought be be soon after you get this. I put in £10 worth for your Father & I hope he will be pleased with them. Since my last letter to you I have been asked by the B.M. [insert by Lionel British Museum] to undertake some excavations for them and so as you know they have always first call on all my antiquities & services I am bound to dig for them, we commence on the 25th inst. I have a nice little site in my eye for us, would it make any difference to you if you dig say 3 months later on, we would then be able to go in together, I hope you wont be disappointed at the turn things have taken as I cannot help it you see it wont do for me to throw over the B.M.

I know of lots of places in here the Pre Mycenean clay figures are found but I dont consider them [illegible] value as antiquities however that is a side issue. I have not applied for a permit as yet

Collson Ch... [illegible] is up for auction [insert] & will go [end insert] very cheap just now Cattle [illegible] farming look like paying tremendously this year on a/c of plague in Asia Minor & Syrian Coast hundreds are shipped of here to Egypt every week and meat is going up to [illegible] prices & will find living here as dear as it is at home soon if something does not soon happen. I only wish I had the capital to lay say a couple of thousand on 2 year old calves and a couple of thousand [illegible] lambs & I could make a bit then. I have had nothing from the Professor Geddes in his schemes so am afraid he has met with the same fate as all seem to meet with who try and help this poor Island, it seems wonderful to some that modern English man should be so pig headed as not a single one of those people [illegible] down know an d-n about the place & wont even take the trouble to learn. I must close this now as it is time for the mail.

So with kind regards
Yours sincerely
Percy Christian

----

High Elms | Farnborough, R.S.O. | Kent | Oct 27th

Dear Father

I enclose a letter from Christian, which speaks for itself.

He appears to despise pre-Mycenean antiquities. I am afraid this shows clearly the spirit with which he undertakes excavations. So much the better for me if I go in with him excavating as I can take all the things you value most. In three months time I shall no doubt be able to go to Cyprus. If things turn out as I want them to, I shall be sent on a mission to Roumania to report upon the Steam Ploughing industry and could go on from there to Cyprus.

I shall be very glad to have more than one business in hand as I doubt if the secretaryship of the Roumanian company would anything like fill up my time. From Christian's letter it appears that you will soon get the box of bronzes. I hope they will be satisfactory. Tomorrow I am going to spend a few hours in the British Museum looking at Cyprus antiquities . There are several books here referring to the Archaeology of Cyprus, so I go on with the study of the subject. Things are at present in an undeveloped state, as regards myself and I must show myself useful if I am to be taken up.

Bye the bye will you write to Bouverie and tell him to continue the allowance of £200 till further notice. It will be very kind of you to do this especially at present when I am having a good deal of extra expenses

yr affec son
Lionel Fox Pitt

These objects might include Add.9455vol9_p2326 /22, 24, Add.9455vol9_p2327 /1-2, Add.9455vol9_p2328 /18, 22, 24, 26, Add.9455vol9_p2329 /7-11, Add.9455vol9_p2331 /2, 12-14, Add.9455vol9_p2335 /1-2, Add.9455vol9_p2351 /1

Transcribed by AP for Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project July 2011

S&SWM PR papers L1978

2011-07-04T12:58:13+00:00

Ansd

Christ Church | Oxford | 24 Oct 1897

Dear General Pitt Rivers,

Will you allow me to ask your advice? I am anxious to make a collection of accurate profiles &c of Roman pottery of certain kinds, esp. "Samian", to see if shapes will yield indications of dates. For this I need some machine which will aid to draw the profiles accurately, and I venture to ask you if the camera lucida, which I believe you use, would be likely to suit & (if so) if you could give me any hints about it. The Germans have made some process [sic] in dating their pottery on the Limes & I should like to do something also in England. At first I should probably confine myself to "Samian," the easiest perhaps.

Chancellor Ferguson has, I expect, told you of our discoveries on the Wall this past summer.

yours very truly
F. Haverfield

Francis John Haverfield (1860-1919) historian and archaeologist, senior student and tutor at Christ Church and later Camden professor of ancient history at Oxford. Richard Saul Ferguson (1837-1900) antiquary known as Chancellor Ferguson and chancellor of the diocese of Carlisle.

S&SWM PR papers L1946

2011-07-04T12:25:27+00:00

L1946

Welch's Irish Views ... | Antiquarian, Geological, Peasant Life, ... | 49 Lonsdale Street | Belfast Sept 21st 1897

Views Parcel Post

Dear Sir

I forward you via Parcel Post today 111 Ethnog. &c views you selected (permanent Platino) and as you are so specially interested in this particular branch of Scientific work I offer a few notes which may make many of the prints of more interest, Prof Haddon has often promised to help me list them with descriptive notes and I suppose I will do so some time on the lines of my Geol. lists the notes of which Prof Cole always supplies. With the exception of about 5 or 6 more views these 111 exhaust my set, others are on the borderland and come more especially as to prehistoric times as indeed the Kitchen-midden views I send may do, although there is just the chance that they may be connected with life at a much later period, I cannot say more on that subject at present as a report on the matter will be presented to the R.I. Academy soon by some friends whom I accompanied on a little research expedition there and to the much larger midden at Bunowen near Ch...[illegible]

I would be glad to let you see my very early Irish [illegible] at any time many of the views are unique I have taken the Camera often to places where a camera was never seen before

Yours truly
R. Welch

---------------

L2039

Welch's Irish Views ... | Antiquarian, Geological, Peasant Life, ... | 49 Lonsdale Street | Belfast Jan 13th 1898

115 was [sic] sent | Sept 21 & 24th

Ansd H Gray

Dear Sir

Do you wish to retain all the Irish Ethnog. photos (permanent Platino) sent last Sept. 14 days is the usual time allowed for selection but as I knew that you had a special interest in this branch I did not stipulate for such prompt return if not of any not selection [sic]

Yours truly
R. Welch

Note on back:

This letter requiring answer | The general is at | Thorpe | Chertsey | [illegible] to me here by return only Alice Pitt Rivers

Pitt-Rivers had fallen ill whilst on a visit to London over the Christmas period Dec 1897-Jan 1898, presumably Alice Pitt-Rivers was at Rushmore

Transcribed by AP for Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project July 2011

S&SWM PR papers L1934

2011-07-04T09:24:27+00:00

Note that there are quite a number of letters from Frederick James to Pitt-Rivers in the S&SWM PR papers which have not been transcribed. They are mostly seeking advice about specific objects or displays at Maidstone Museum or else seeking support for James' application to be a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries. James had been one of Pitt-Rivers' earliest assistants before he got the job as Curator at Maidstone Museum, Kent where he also carried out many archaeological excavations of his own.

L1934

James | Ansd Sept 17/97

Maidstone | Sept 11th 1897

Dear General Pitt-Rivers,

The "agricultural" jug is for the Museum at Farnham if you will accept it. I can give no further particulars than that I acquired it for a few pence from a country woman.

I did not hear a very good account of you from a Gentleman (Mr Seton-Karr) who was in here the other day, but I hope by now you are better.

We are going ahead here. A new wing is to be built next month, of two floors each 54 ft by 23 ft, and a new house adjoining for the Curator

Yours truly
Fred. V. James

General Pitt-Rivers DCF FRS

This must be Add.9455vol7_p2117 /2

-------------

L2022

James | Ansd Dec 17/97

Museum & Public Library | Maidstone | 16 Dec 1897

Dear General Pitt-Rivers

I am sending you by rail to Tisbury a little box with a horse-shoe in it of peculiar form found at Aylesford near Maidstone.

From enquiries I have made from a farmer, it would appear that its use is, as I surmised viz for a horse short in one of its forelegs. It may do for your agricultural museum as we have no department here that it will go in specially, and I detest a "curiosity" case.

Can you find time to measure that skull & [illegible]-bones I mentioned to you some time since and found by me on the site of Mr Arthur Evans Late Celtic urn field at Aylesford? It was at a depth of 4'8" beneath the surface & ought to produce valuable data in connection with his researches.

I want the results for a lecture in February next.

With compliments of the season & best wishes for your health

Yours very truly
Fred V James

None of these items are listed in the catalogue of the second collection

Transcribed by AP June-July 2011 for Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project

S&SWM PR papers L1877

2011-07-01T14:23:32+00:00

L1877

And. Sept. 11/97

Waterloo House, Wimborne | ... Mark Barnes, Saddler & Harness Manufacturer ... | 1897 July 15

Dear General

I have taken the liberty to send you on an old Candlestick and Candle. It was found in The Oldest House in Wimborne where Matthew Prior lived, it was taken from and old Bricked up Cupboard. I have lived here 53 years - and I knew the people who lived in the House, over 60 years - one of my men has had it for 3 or 4 years given to him by the man who lives in the House now A friend of his. Another man who works for me showed me the earthen work He got it from Weymouth. He said it was a Bed Candlestick an [sic] a Money Pot I was so pleased with my visit to your grounds I said I would send it for you to see and if any use to you you can let me know next Bank Holloday [sic] When I hope to have the pleasure of seeing you again. If I may be allowed to speak to you Mr Harder knows me and beg to remain

your obt servant

Mark Barnes

Barnes & Mullins Celebrated Banjo Players are engaged to play I hear Barnes is my son

These items do not appear in the catalogue of the second collection

---------------------

L1938

Ansd Sep 18/97 | 3/- sent for Barnes' man

Wimborne | Sep 12/97

Dear Sir

Expecting the Candlestick of Mathew Prior. That was mine and I told the General that He was welcome to it. And The General promised me He would show it. Dont you think its A Curious old bit. I wish I could get hold of more old stuff. I do I shall have great pleasure in sending it to the General if he would accept it. With regard to the Earthen stuff when I was going to track up the Candle one of my men said he had an old Earthern Candlestick His Grandfather brot from Weymouth Many years ago. I said let me have it and Ill send it along now if you think it worth while to send my man a trifle for that why do so; and he would be very glad with anything as he is poor and it was no use to him

Your obt servt

Mark Barnes

Saddler | & Corn Dealer

Any little order from to General [sic] would be highly esteemed

Transcribed for Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project by AP July 2011

S&SWM PR papers L1869

2011-07-01T11:57:16+00:00

Hope | "Nottinghamshire | Alabastermen"

Soc. Antiq. Lond. | Burlington House, Piccadilly. W. | Trinity Sunday 1897

Dear General Pitt Rivers

Your alabaster carvings do not belong to my Nottingham "alabastermen's" school at all, nor are they English work. I shld imagine they belong to the 17th century, but whether they be Flemish or not I cannot tell. They are certainly curious & amusing, at least the Noah's Ark one is. I shall be curious some day to see yr. collection of Noah's Arks. I do not myself remember the plank; it must I think have become extinct.

I hope you are better. Many of us are looking forward to seeing & hearing you at Dorchester

Yours very truly

W.H. St John Hope

I have been spending Whitsuntide in excavating at the Charterhouse at Mount Grace, near Northallerton, a most charming place, still retaining amongst other things the shell of the church & the ruins of the cells or little houses, with their gardens, surrounding the great cloister

One of these at least is Add.9455vol9_p2352 /5, the Noah's Ark has not been identified.

Transcribed for Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project by AP July 2011

S&SWM PR papers L1868

2011-07-01T10:11:02+00:00

L1868

Ansd June 29/97

Atherton Grange | Wimbledon | June 27.97

Dear Sir

Before attempting to distribute, or to dispose en bloc of my newly-discovered Palaeolithic Implements from Somaliland, (from the palaeolithic city or settlement at Jalelo) which I visited this winter (having discovered it last year), I think I might to communicate [sic] with yourself, as to whether you are disposed to acquire the collection as it now stands or any portion of it. I am anxious to cover part of the expenses of an expedition. I am proposing to myself [sic] in Southern Russia, in search of some similar city of prehistoric [illegible] I enclose a cutting which you may have seen as the reporters of many of the daily papers came to see me, which I shd be much obliged if you would kindly return. The Egyptian things (which are not so perfect as the Somaliland) are I believe being acquired by Liverpool. I think there are over 2000 Somaliland palaeo. of which about 500 are perfect - the most perfect known,; and I had better say at once that I want (1) two hundred pounds for one hundred specimens which may be selected by yourself or anyone you depute, to which I would add two hundred of the second grade (flint & quartzite) if you desire (2) four hundred pounds for the lot as it now stands (packed in cases at 3 Hanover Square).

At the request of the Council of University College I am exhibiting them once more on Wed next (30th) at University Coll. Gower St. from 8 pm to 12 midnight & should be glad if you could come & see for yourself. Or if you will request Prof. Flinders Petrie (of Univ Coll) to select the ones hundred for you for the sum named I shall have them forwarded to you on Thursday and the 2nd class ones, later.

Perhaps you would let me know - well before Wed morning [insert] or by Telegraph to Flinders Petrie by Th.[end insert] as I find the packing & unpacking very laborious work.

Believe me
sincerely yours
H.W. Seton-Karr

General Pitt-Rivers

-----

L1870

Ansd by telegram July 10/97

Atherton Grange | Wimbledon | July 3.97

Dear Sir

I have just sent off to you a case containing 25 picked examples & one hammer stone. The rest of the box is filled up with 2nd class impts & flakes. The 25 are contained in 3 wood boxes in the other, & are made of different sorts of stone. I think you will be astonished at the weathering of some

------------------------- [in the original letter]

the flakes all come without exception from Marodigeh a place 20 miles south of the palaeolithic city.

All my perfect implements were found at this settlement, which lies between the wells of Jalelo, Dago, Bolgathan & Hambabeina, 85 m. from Berbera & 75 from Bulhar. I enclose some cuttings previously omitted.

It was Th. mg [apparently Thursday morning] which I rec'd your letter & the imp were already packed, but I told Prof. Petrie that I had hoped he would have been able to choose for you, but I have picked the best series I could

Your truly
H.W. Seton-Karr

Enclosed three newspaper clippings:

'The Cradle of the Human Race' Tools probably used by Adam. Mr H.W. Seton-Karr's discoveries [no date or newspaper name]

'Prehistoric Man - Hunting in Africa: Chat with Mr H.W. Seton-Karr [no date or newspaper name][2 clippings]

'Wild Beasts and Prehistoric Man' Black and White June 19 1897 page 778

[ There is also two copies of a typed version of L1870 ]

----

L1875

Karr | Ansd July 15/97

Atherton Grange | Wimbledon | July 13.97

Dear Sir

Many thanks for your telegram telling me the Implements had arrived.

Your letter has not yet reached me, but I merely write to say that I shall be happy to present you with 100 second class Implements (for yourself only) in addition to the selection series from Somaliland, because I have a great many of the former from which I picked out the best.

I am going on Fri. ev. to St Malo, but on hearing from you I shall be happy to pack & sand them to you, without any further expense to yourself the end of next week

Indeed I am glad to get rid of them I have to stimulate me to find another palaeolithic settle ment (in Persia perhaps); I hope next year to be able to send you some Egyptian axes from the E. Desert but my latest of these have all as you know been acquired by the Corporation of Liverpool. Will you let me know if, in case I am near Salisbury, I have any chance of seeing you. I came there last year to play golf.

Yours sincerely
H.W. Seton Karr

General Pitt Rivers

----

L1879

Atherton Grange | Wimbledon | July 16.97

Dear Sir

There will be a short account in the Aug. no Anth Journal, but I have not published anything more.

I shall be glad to let you have some Egyptian ones next year, if Mr Forbes will let me without interfering with his morphology, if I get any more. I played golf some where near Salisbury, but though I heard of your links I did not visit them I beg [illegible] cheque for 50£ with thanks

I will come to Tisbury on Mon July 26th at 12-18 & bicycle over in time for lunch at 1-30 if your son will be at home & would play golf in the aft, & perhaps next morning too, & I could leave Tisbury on Tues 27th at 4-42 p.m. If they are not at home then I will come another time. I go to St Malo today for four days.

Yours sincerely
HW Seton-Karr

See Add.9455vol5_p1554 /7 and on, only 34 are listed in the catalogue of the second collection, Pitt-Rivers paid £50. The 100 second class implements are not listed in the catalogue of the second collection.

L2103

Seton Karr | Ansd June 28/98

Atherton Grange | Wimbledon | June 5 98

Dear General Rivers

I was in Egypt the whole of last winter, & spent the time in making an examination of the desert along the banks of the Nile northwards from Esna where the sandstone ends and the flint bearing limestone commences, I also visited the deserted emerald mine by the Red Sea for Mr Streeter.

I also discovered a new but small flint mine near the old [insert] other [end insert], and made a very rich haul chiefly of a large quantity of knives just like those from Denmark. This is I think the first time these have been found in Egypt. There were also truncheons with handles and large implements like the Pressigny ones - about 3000 in all.

There were no palaeolithis here, but as I anticipated I made great discoveries of them at Esna where people from the South would first meet with flint.

I have not yet written to anyone about these things because I did not want them separated, and Liverpool, to whom I desired to offer them first have not yet made up their minds. I am moreover [insert] I fancy [end insert] obliged not to put the new flint mine things "on the market" in such a way as to interfere with their last acquisition, & so I may keep them for a time.

I am however free to do or [sic] I like with the other things - namely my new discoveries at Esna, Thebes, Matana, Nagada, Kina, and so on, which as you know have nothing to do with my flint mines which are hundreds of miles north, & it is with reference to them that I am communicating.

You are the first to whom I am writing & if I might send you a series from the Nile from Esna, northwards, which could be illustrated with a map of the river from Cairo to Aswân (for I found some remarkable ones in the central desert E. of Aswân on my way to the emerald mines, tho not of flint), I think you would be surprised & pleased I think this collection, which is practically my winters work (except the mines) is worth about 150£, & numbers about [insert] upwards of [end insert] 250, although I have labelled & repacked but not counted them.

If this is too many I could send you a selection from each locality of some of the best for 50£ or someone could come & choose for you.

I did not get to Somaliland again but next time I shall endeavour to work in the way you explained to find some deposits which may contain remains; I was also deterred from excavating one of the pits at the flint mine of Wadi el Sheik partly by want of time and partly because I found them full of the deadly cerastes the enormous funnels found formed by drifted sand & piled up excavated material, making a trap for them.

I have this in view however. Perhaps I ought also to add that I believe Dr Forbes (Liverpool) desires to effect any good exchanges for the Liverpool Museum after the [insert] his [end insert] next Museum Bulletin is out which deals with the Flint Mine Implts which he acquired.

In case I ought not to have mentioned to you about my new flint-mine, so as not to interfere with Dr Forbes' contemplated exchanges, perhaps you would kindly consider this as confidential, because although the new mine is quite distinct yet I do not want to interfere with him, & so will not part with any for the present.

But with regard to the other parts of Egypt I am free, & it is about these I write.

With best regards
I am
yours sincerely
H.W. Seton-Karr

----

L2124

Atherton Grange | Wimbledon | June 29 98

Dear Genl. Rivers

I am very glad that you are fairly well, as you have been away & so on, & I trust you will be all the better for the change.

Please give my very best regards to Mrs Rivers & your son if at home, - the one I know

I am sending the case of implements off today.

I go to Norway on Th. of next week

I have included the only stone implts I found at the lost Emerald Mines of Zabara in Jan, namely 3 objects in micaceous schist, or talcose schist. All the implts are named as to locality. No one but Dr St... [illegible] has seen them (the latest mine implts I cannot show on account of Dr Forbes) who I think will again & [3 words illegible] 81 for 70£ I have now about 10£ worth left for I think my friend Wood

yours sin...
HW Seton-Karr

---

L2125

Atherton Grange | Wimbledon | June 29 98

Dear Genl Rivers

I omitted to say in my letter today the following is the list of Implements I have sent

From

Thebes 7
Edfu 1
Farshort 2
El Kab 5
Darawi (S of Esna no flints) 4
Kina 6
Mainfahout 1
Girget 1
Nah Hamadi 2
Nagada 2
Esna 12
Magaga 11
Emerald mines of Zabara 3
---
57

-------

L2128

Atherton Grange | Wimbledon | July 1 98

Dear General Rivers

I have sent a small series of Egyptian Implements to a Mr Newton, & asked him if he does not retain them to send them on to you if you will accept them as an addition to the others; if my winters work is well represented in your museum I shall feel that my winter has been well spent as regards the Desert

yours sinc...
HW Seton-Karr

---

L2147

[illegible] | Sundalsören | Nordmore | Norway | July 23 98

Dear General Rivers

Thank you very much for the cheque for the Implements. I hope none of the third box were broken in transit. I sent them on without repacking as I was just off.

I am going back to Somaliland in November cannot some archaeologist be sent with me?

yrs [illegible]
H.W. Seton Karr

7 items are listed in volume 9 of the CUL Catalogue as coming from Seton-Karr possibly in 1899, they may be part of this collection, the remainder are not listed in the catalogue

Transcribed for Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project by AP July 2011

S&SWM PR papers L1826

2011-07-01T08:14:39+00:00

L1826

Baker | Ansd June 7/97

101 Gough Road | Edgbaston, | Birmingham | May 17.97

Dear Sir

I am writing a book on Leather Drinking Vessels, & have heard that in your celebrated collection of objects relating to the domestic life of past centuries, there are some specimens of Black Jacks or Leather Bottles.

If so, I would be extremely obliged if you could give me particulars of their measurements etc or photographs

With apologies for troubling you

faithfully yours
Oliver Baker

[Added in pencil

Sewn [insert] with leather [end insert] in several place where the creases occur

Sewn with loose fibres or material perhaps string

---

L1848

Ansd. Sept 15/97 | Ansd again Sept. 18/97 | Photography sent

Offenham | near Evesham | June 9.97

Dear Sir

I am exceedingly obliged by your very kind letter with illustrations of the leather vessels in your possession, which has been forwarded to me.

I should be very glad if you would also let me have the following items of additional information

1. The Black Jack with arms of Lord Rivers.
I should be glad to have the [insert] width across base [end insert] height & probable capacity of this, & to know if the arms are painted on, & if they afford any clue to which Lord Rivers it belonged when they were put on it.
Also if Rushmore is an ancient building [pencil 1 pt 13 1/2 8 1/4]

2. I should like the height & capacity of the silver mounted jack [pencil 9" 1 quart]

3. Also the same dimensions of the leather covered metal jug. I presume it is chiefly of pewter. Also how many pieces the leather consists of.

4. The leather mug shaped on the arm, I have never before heard of. I sh'd like its dimensions

5. Also those of the silver-mounted mug.

6. The capacity of this bottle

7. This vessel seems very curious. The sketch suggests, a rams-horn shape like a Scotch snuff-box. i should like to know if its top is leather or wood.

8. The capacity of this & if the mouth is of the original size or less the cylindrical piece of leather, which usually makes them smaller in the cork-hole.

These sketches are all extremely interesting & numbers 4, 7, & 8 are new to me.

If photographs already exist, I should like to have copies of all but No. 6 of which pattern I possess several examples. If the photographs have to be taken specially & the photographer at a distance, so that the cost would be increased, I shd. like (3) the leather covered jug (4) the post boys mug to strap on arm, & two different views of (7) the rams horn shaped costril, & one of the leather costril with ears at the ends for a thong (8).

Again thanking you very heartily

sincerely yours

Oliver Baker

The photos would be best not quite "broad-side on" so as to show more than one face

-----

Enclosure [Typed, from Pitt-Rivers]

LEATHER BLACK JACKS AND COSTRELS, IN THE COLLECTION OF GENERAL PITT-RIVERS

1. BLACK JACKS WITH ARMS OF 1ST LORD RIVERS: There are three of these in the Dining Room, Rushmore, which belonged to the 1st Lord Rivers who died in 1804 and were used in the Servants' Hall there. The dimensions of the largest one are"- Height 18"; width across base 10". The two others are of the same isze: - Height 13 1/2"; width across base 8 1/4". The arms of the 1st Lord Rivers are painted and "R" in gilt and colours. Capacity of largest jack about 13 qts. The two smaller ones will hold about 6 qts each.

2. SILVER-MOUNTED JACK:-Height 9"; capacity 1 quart

3. LEATHER-COVERED METAL JUG: This jug appears to be of pewter, covered with a dark-green coloured leather in three pieces, with a separate piece for the handle. Silver-mounted. Height 12" Capacity, 2 qts (Photograph sent.)

4. LEATHER JUG FOR STRAPPING ON ARM OF POST-BOYS. Height from arm 7 1/2"; width at top 4 3/4". Capacity about 2 pints. (Photograph sent.)

5. SILVER-MOUNTED LEATHER MEG. Height 6 1/4" width at top 4 1/8". Capacity about 2 pints.

6. LARGE LEATHER BOTTLE FROM OXFORDSHIRE. Height 9 3/4"; width 8 1/2". It leaks too much to be able to measure capacity

7. RAM'S HORN-SHAPED COSTREL. The top is composed of horn covered with leather on the outside. It is entirely covered with pieces of leather, and sewn with straps of leather in several places where the creases occur. Greatest width 8 inches. (Photograph, 2 views).

8. LEATHER BOTTLE. The mouth of this bottle seems to be of the original shape and size; sewn with loose fibrous material, perhaps string. Capacity, about 2 qts. Height 7 1/2"; greatest width 9 1/2" (Photograph sent).

These objects are:

1. Not listed in the catalogue of the second collection, they were presumably inherited from Lord Rivers and already at Rushmore.

2. Add.9455vol2_p130 /3 [Objects bought at sale of English and Foreign China and other works of Art forming the entire stock of Mr Button of Regent Street] - Lot 780 A leather Quart Mug, mounted in Silver handle and rim I.M. on handle

3. Not listed in the catalogue of the second collection, it is not known when it was acquired, no entries for English leather vessels mention metal or pewter other than 2.

4. Add.9455vol4_p1334 /4

5. Not matchable to an entry in the second collection catalogue

6. No leather vessels listed in the second collection catalogue are said to be from Oxfordshire

7. No leather vessels or costrels listed in the second collection catalogue are said to have rams horns

8. Add.9455vol2_p720 /1 described as 'Bought of Fenton ... Old English leather bottles' [it is not clear how many of these there were]

One of the above probably matches Add.9455vol2_p340 /7, described as an '[Objects bought at Fenton’s Aug & Sept] ... Antique leather Black Jack English [Drawing]'

L1941

101 Gough Road | Edgbaston | Birmingham | Sept. 19.97

Dear Sir

I am exceedingly obliged by the excellent photographs, you have sent me, which will be of great interest & very useful. they show how very accurate the small sketches must have been, which you first sent.

As to paragraph (1) of the description, I am very glad to know that three jacks survive with such an interesting history. I suppose I can get the arms of Rivers from Burke's "Extinct Peerages"?

As to No. (4) It struck me when looking at the photograph that I had seen something like it before, & at last I remembered that in the cellar of an ancient moated mansion Baddesley Clinton, in Warwickshire, I saw on the wall a similar looking article of leather & that the butler explained that it had been the custom in past times to use it for bottling. That it was strapped on the operators leg, & the bottle placed within it. He had himself used it for that purpose. Do you not think this is a most likely origin for this cup than that it was strapped on the arm of a postboy? It is such a quaint affair I should like to include it in the book, so if it proves to be an implement for bottling, I think we can safely assume that the butler would drink the wine which had overflowed into it, & that it was therefore a leather drinking vessel.

No. 7, is a wonderfully interesting & picturesque object & I am very glad indeed to have two views of it. I am not quite sure from the description that it was actually a rams horn covered with leather or if it has horn only at the top. I should think if a horn it would be some kind of cow's horn perhaps foreign cow or bull bovine animal. It seems to have had a mouth-piece screwed into the hole at the top, I should like to know if any worm is visible inside the aperture. I have photographs of a leather bottle with flat wood top in which is a similar hole with worm for screwing in a mouthpiece. With many thanks for your kindness I am
[illegible] yours
Oliver Baker

General Pitt-Rivers

---

L1992

101 Gough Road | Edgbaston | Birmingham | Nov. 10.97

Dear Sir

With reference to the details & photographs you were kind enough to send me of your leather vessels, have you come to any definite conclusion as to the leather cup said to have been used by post boys to strap on their arms? I should be very much obliged if you would let me know about this. I am coming to the conclusion that it must be the mug used for bottling, as since I wrote you, I have seen a specimen of the latter at the brewery at Hereford, which was extremely like yours. If you would like I could ask [insert] my friend the brewer [end insert] to send you a photograph of it, as he is a clever amateur photographer.

I am now of opinion that some leather cups I have seen in the possession of dealers have been made from this brewing vessel or rather bottling which is called the "boot".

This implement is now disused as bottling is now done with machines.

With many thanks faithfully yours
Oliver Baker

Transcribed for Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project by AP June 2011

S&SWM PR papers L1806

2011-06-30T11:26:42+00:00

L1806

Hartlett [sic] | Ansd. Apr. 29/97 | H.G.

171 Stanhope Street | London | N.W. | April. 27. 97.

Dear Sir,

I have brought home with me, from Borneo a fine collection of Ethnological specimens and knowing that you are interested in these objects, I shall have much pleasure in showing them to you, or sending a list of them.

Yours faithfully
Edward Bartlett

Lt. Gen. Fox-Pitt-Rivers

-----

L1810

Bartlett | Ansd May 6/97

171 Stanhope Street | London | N.W. | April 30. 97.

To General Pitt-Rivers

Dear Sir,

I am sending you a rough list of my collection of Ethnological things from Borneo with prices to them, at the same time I may mention that I am anxious to dispose of the whole in one lot, unless you or the British Museum can take sufficient out of them to make it worth my while to break up the collection.

I have not had time to draw up a detailed list, but hope this will enable you to judge what they are; at the same time please return it to me because I have not copied it all out yet.

I have written to Mr Balfour at Oxford asking him to come and see the collection with a view to purchasing the same.

Please put an X to all those things which you would like to have.

An early reply will greatly oblige

Yours faithfully
Edward Bartlett

P.S. No doubt you will remember my name as late Curator of the Maidstone Museum before Mr James took it. *

*Frederick James, one of Pitt-Rivers' assistants. There are letters from James to Pitt-Rivers in the S&SWM PR papers.

----

L1817

Bartlett | Ansd May 12/ 97 | List returned

171 Stanhope Street | London | N.W. | May 7. 97.

To General Pitt-Rivers

Sir,

I have received your tracing of a supposed Dyak shield, allow me to say it is not Dyak but a Kyan shield it is well known that the Dyaks have plain shields in fact they dont understand the art of the decorating one.

With regard to the shields in my list no 1-5 are ornamented like the tracing you sent, but of different designs, each shield having its own ornamentation on the front & back

The rest of the shields are plain, except three which are painted in colours on the front only, with distinct designs but not Kyan patterns, these are Nos 6 a Kyan shield painted by a Dyak 11a is a Kyan shield painted by a Dyak 12 is a Dyak shield and ornamented by a Dyak.

I send tracing of Nos 88, 135, 139.

Please allow me to mention that I shall be leaving soon and wish to know what portion you wish to receive or whether the whole, therefore, an early answer will greatly oblige.

Kindly let me have list again

Wish you had sent some one to look at the things.

I am
yours faithfully
Edward Bartlett

PS the tracings are full size

----

L1835

Bartlett | Ansd May 29/97

171 Stanhope Street | London | N.W. | May 28. 97.

To General Pitt-Rivers

Dear Sir,

{joomplu:797 detail align right}

I shall be glad to know whether you have decided to retain all the Borneo things sent on approval, if so, I shall feel much obliged by a cheque for the same.

I am
yours faithfully
Edward Bartlett

----

L1839

Bartlett | Ansd June 1/97

171 Stanhope Street | London | N.W. | May 31. 97.

Dear Sir,

I'm sorry now that you consider the prices high, and that the things have been sent, because every day is a loss to me in the sale of them.

I reduced the prices of the lot in the first box from £172-10-0 to £150 for the lot; after all my trouble in collecting and bringing these things home, it is not worth the travelling expenses.

I shall now leave the price of the first lot entirely in your hands, sned me a cheque for the mot you can aford [sic] for the lot.

Yours very truly
Edward Bartlett

General Pitt Rivers

P.S. Kindly remember you have the first offer of these things

Pitt-Rivers is only known to have bought one thing from Bartlett according to the catalogue of the second collection, a wood figure for £2, see Add.9455vol5_p1619 /2. However L1839 appears to contradict this. Balfour also seems to have obtained items from the Bartlett collection for the Pitt Rivers Museum at Oxford, both directly and via Stevens Auction Rooms in 1900. The ones purchased directly from Bartlett were not obtained until 1899 but are all from Borneo (they total around 80 objects). There are also 6 items from Bartlett in the British Museum.

{joomplu:798 detail align right}

Ironically the Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project team chose the object that Bartlett is concerned about in his letter as its postcard image. See illustration and caption here.

Transcribed for Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project by AP June 2011

S&SWM PR papers L1805

2011-06-30T09:55:27+00:00

Geddes | Ansd Apr. 29/97

University College | Dundee | Mon. 26/4/97

Dear General Pitt-Rivers

Herewith I return the coat I borrowed, & which I ran off with for the north journey, as I had not time to go back to the Bishop's to pick up my own!

I have delayed sending it in order to enclose the two weapons spear-heads; I am sorry there is only one with a socket. I bought them at Nicosia & probably they came from the tombs of the neighbourhood.

We had a letter from Douglas this week, wo is evidently enjoying himself camping out and sketching, & who promised us an exhibition in Edin', so he is evidently busy. From Lionel we have nothing this mail, which doubtless indicates he is still busier!

My wife sends her kind regards to Mrs Pitt Rivers & yourself. (We have our little boy & girl again with us here. But the baby only arrives today having been in quarantine) so it is anew acquaintance to make after six months, & a great household event to which I must hasten!) Believe me

Yours vy faithfully
Pat Geddes

One of the spearheads is Add.9455vol4_p1479 /2, the other appears not to be listed in the catalogue of the second collection.

Transcribed for Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project by AP June 2011

S&SWM PR papers L1797

2011-06-29T12:14:02+00:00

L1797

Science and Art Department South Kensington | 21 April 1897

Dear Gen: Pitt Rivers,

Pray excuse the very great delay in replying to your letter of a fortnight back, with respect to the Maori House which we have packed away in one of our sheds. I called for all the papers relating to its coming into our possession and have had to wait some time for them. Now I find the only difficulty in the matter to be that of obtaining consent from the New Zealand Gov. which it is probable the S&A Dep [Science & Art Department] would require before parting with it. I am not sure however but think that if you address a formal letter to Sir J. Donnelly as Sec'y to the Dep asking for the House to be transferred to the Farnham Museum and offering to erect it there at your own expense it is probable that we will be able to get the Agent General for New Zealand to consent without giving you any further trouble. I believe that every one here will be glad to know that it is again erected and will assist in facilitating the transfer to your Care. I am glad to hear that you have purchased some of the best examples of the Indian woodwork from the Earl's Court Exhibition. Many of the pieces were very choice and not likely to be matched by any modern work.

Yours very faithfully
C. Purdon Clarke

-----

L1808

Science and Art Department South Kensington | 28 April 1897

Dear Pitt Rivers,

I am very sorry to see from your letter that you are so ill: hope it is not so bad as you indicate.

Thanks: I am all right - since my sciatica last year.

I will see what we can do about the Maori house I am afraid we must ask the New Zealand people.

As far as we are concerned you are quite welcome to it

Yours [illegible
in haste
J. Donnelly

-----

L1876

Science and Art Department South Kensington | 13 July 1897

Dear Pitt Rivers,

I enclose you a copy of a letter I have just received from the Agent General for New Zealand

This stumps us

Yours very truly
J. Donnelly

Enclosure:

Copy M27533/97 | Copy | Science and Art Department South Kensington

Agent General for New Zealand, | Westminster Chambers | 13 Victoria Street | London, S.W. | 9 July 1897.

Sir,

I am directed by the Agent-General to ackowledge the receipt of your letter of the 2nd inst; and, in reply to inform you that he is unable, on behalf of the New Zealand Government, to concur in the proposal to permanently lend to Lt-General Pitt-Rivers (whom the Agent-General desires to than for the offer he has kindly made) the Maori House which is at the South Kensington Museum.

I am to add that the attention of the Agent-General has been recently directed to the fact that the House in question was no longer on view at the museum, and it was his intention to communicate with you as to its future disposal, and this he will do as soon as the pressure of other matters will enable him to give the matter his careful consideration.

I am, &c.,
(Signed) Walter Kennaway
Secretary to the Dept.

The Director | Science & Art Dept., | South Kensington.

---

L1892

Clarke | Ansd Aug. 5/97

Science and Art Department South Kensington | 3rd August 1897

Dear Gen: Pitt-Rivers

In order to stir up the New Zealand Gov: I suggested to Sir J. Donnelly that a letter should be written informing them that we were under a great difficulty with respect to the storage of the Maori House. This action however has done no good as the Agent-General has replied that the N.Z. Gov. will relieve us of the charge and take the materials of the house back. I do not know whether they intend returning it to New Zealand or not but regret that this chance was afforded them to get it back.

We would have all liked to see it in your charge but at present the fates are against it.

Yours very sincerely
C. Purdon Clarke

See here for correspondence with Howorth about this Maori meeting house, Mataatua which precedes this letter.

Caspar Purdon Clarke (1846-1911) Director of the South Kensington Museum. The Indian material reference refers to Add.9455vol4_p1433 /1 and on. He may have lived on the same road as Pitt-Rivers in London as he is later recorded in 1909 living at Penywern Road. Major-General Sir John Donnelly, was Secretary of the whole Department in 1884–99

There is a strong possibility that it refers to a carved Maori meeting house called 'Mataatua', see here and here. This was carved by the Ngati Awa over two years, as the site referred to says, 'it was intended to cement alliances between these tribes and to heal divisions created during the war with the Government a few years before'. After being exhibited at the Sydney Exhibition in 1879 it was shipped to England and stored in the cellars of South Kensington Museum. The house is now back in New Zealand and in 2010 was being re-erected, see here for more information. In Chris Gosden's 'Anthropology and Archaeology...' [1999] pages 187-188 he gives the history of the meeting house, saying it was first transferred to the South Kensington Museum in 1882 [page 188], 'the house was originally exhibited in the quadrangle of the SKM with the interior carvings turned outwards ... a year later, Mataatua was moved to the grounds of the Museum and four years later was dismantled and stored'. The house was not displayed again until 1924 when it was shown at the British Empire Exhibition at Wembley so it seems that Pitt-Rivers did not get to loan it (if indeed that is the object referred to). It seems likely that after it was dismantled it probably was taking up quite a bit of space in the SKM stores so it is possible that people like Franks and Howorth would have worried about the long term implications for it if it was left in storage and sought a permanent solution elsewhere.

Transcribed for Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project by AP June 2011

S&SWM PR papers L1794

2011-06-29T11:32:38+00:00

[Note in pencil, from Thompson?, he went to Cyprus 1st w in Jan 97]

Nicosia | April 20

My dear Father

It is waste of time telling you about the GReeks and Turks and Crete, as you are much better informed by the Times telegrams than we are here. At the time of writing the Greeks [insert] in Cyprus [end insert] are paying their shillings & subscribing to receive telegrams from Athens about the war. There is great excitement but no one fears any trouble. They are sending, however, 200 (!) troops from Alexandria in case of disturbances. You will have seen the Professor and know all about his plans so I need not mention them. I have just recovered from a very mild attack of Cyprus fever it is very unpleasant, and I must take better case of myself especially as the weather is getting hot.

Out here the English do not share the enthusiasm felt in England for the Greeks as they are not altogether a loveable race from an English point of view. You would not find a single Englishman in the East who would not rather fight for the Turks. I have not been here long enough to dislike them thoroughly, but I already know they are not to be trusted more especially when you hear them say that they hope to have Cyprus before long.

I propose to leave here the end of May - the latest - and I want to go with the Armenian expert to Milan to study the irrigation works of the Po river for a few days on my way home. I have found furnishing my room, buying horses and especially my garden very expensive. The garden will only begin to pay when I have to leave, as I began late - under these circumstances I want you to send me £20 more, by return if you will, to enable me to get back. I have already bought considerable amount of womans work which I will bring you, and will get you other things that will do for the Museum. I dont feel up to writing much of a letter just now but will write more if I can before the post goes on Friday yr aff L. Fox Pitt

Capital invested

Garden

2 Horses ----- £14

Garden tools, harness etc ----- £6

Repairing well ----- £2

Stables ----- £1

Seed etc ----- £1

Preliminary labour to clear garden ----- £6

------------

£30

Besides 3/- a day labour = 21/- a week for 10 weeks £10.10

Furnishing room ----- £11

--------------

£51.10

Besides all this, travelling about with Professor & a hundred & one other exs. and having exs. & servant

OVER

All this has been very expensive and I undertook to do it at the very sensible suggestion of the Professor. I have at any rate learnt how not to do things at a comparatively low cost and chiefly out of my allowance.

This is the Greco-Turkish war or Thirty Days war of 1897, between the Kingdom of Greece and the Ottoman Empire. The apparent cause was the status of the Ottoman province of Crete whose Greek majority of residents wanted Greek rule. There are no 'women's work' from Lionel from Cyprus listed in the catalogue of the second collection. None of the accounts of the displays at Farnham mention this either. If it was put on display it would probably have been in Room 1.

S&SWM PR papers L1773

2011-06-28T12:22:47+00:00

Standen | Mar. 28/97

Vauvert | Guernsey | Channel Islands | 26th March/ 97

Dear General Pitt Rivers

I am so sorry to have been so long sending you the Russian pad-lock which I promised you when we met over your most delightfully interesting Museum in November last. I dare say that you have forgotten us but we shall never forget that pleasant afternoon!

How little we thought then, that my husband's [illegible] cousin, Sir Thomas Grove, would so soon be called away!

I hope that you are feeling better and that Mrs Pitt-Rivers and your sons are well We were so sorry to hear that Lady Walter Grove had not been well. I trust that it was not anything serious

Ever yours sincerely

Alice K. Standen

P.S. General & Mrs Hamilton are in Guernsey now for a short time Dear Kathleen de Montmorency was with us yesterday A.S.

Transcribed for Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project by AP June 2011

S&SWM PR papers L1736

2011-06-28T08:07:41+00:00

Ansd Jan 25/97

Jany 22d/189 [sic] | Clouds | Salisbury |

My dear General

I do hope that you are better though fear you must be quite shut up - in all this cold weather, happily your house is deliciously warm. When I was last abroad I found some dear little models of the old Provençal fire fittings I saw them yesterday & suddenly thought they might be of some interest to you, for your museum, better than wasting their [illegible] in my cupboard. If you care for them pray accept them [insert] I should feel so proud if you do so [end insert] but, if they can be of no use send them back as they [insert] can [end insert] act as toys for various grand children! trusting that you are truly getting stronger [illegible] in this bitter weather [illegible] love to Mrs Pitt Rivers Believe me yours most sincerely

Madeline Wyndham

Jany 22 1897

A Fender

A pair of fire dogs

A shovel & a pair of tongs

Miniature of the old Provençal fire place fittings bought at Hyeres Var 1895

These do seem to be listed in the catalogue of the second collection, Madeline Wyndham was the wife of Percy Scawe Wyndham who was a Conservative MP and owner of Clouds, a nearby property.

Transcribed for Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project by AP June 2011

S&SWM PR papers L1726

2011-06-27T15:23:59+00:00

The Club | Nicosia | Cyprus | Jan 6th/ 97

My dear Father

I have been here a week and although - fortunately for the country - it has rained nearly every day I find the climate delightful. Any impressions I have are necessarily premature so I need not mention them - I mean as regards the industrial and commercial aspect of the island.

I am profitting by my experience and making the acquaintance of the officials. I now know a good many & they are very pleasant fellows. I wrote my name at Government House and sent a letter of introduction from Lord Selbourne (Under Sec. for Colonies) up to the High Commissioner with my card.

I have just returned from a 3 days trip through the Kyrnia [Kyrenia] Mountains. I went to the Armenian Courcut [?] which has only 2 families of 10 persons in it. The country is most beautiful, the other side of Northern Range. The Plain of Mesaoria where I am is not beautiful - Prof. Geddes arrives at Larnaca next Wed Jan. 13th having been detained as I explained in my last letter in Constantinople.

I am fortunate enough to have made the Grenadiers' acquaintance He is Government inspector of Agriculture. I go with him tomorrow on a tour through the S.W. part of the island. Mules are always used here for travelling I shall almost live on horse back.

I have already seen a good deal of Cyprus embroidery in silk & cotton. The native silk lace is very pretty I shall be able to bring you back as much as you like of various kinds of work. As regards other things, pottery, etc, I can tell you when I know more.

I have written to Bouverie to send my allowance here I also mentioned that I was writing to you to get my allowance increased to the original £50 a quarter. I hope you will do this and be kind enough to write to Bouverie at once to tell him. I only arrived here with £23 having had many expenses at Montpellier and on the journey, So I hope to have the allow-ance by return. I am writing to Douglas by this post.

Your affec son
Lionel Fox Pitt

Lionel brought back Add.9455vol9_p2328 /25, a bronze spear head found at Amathus, but this is the only thing listed in the catalogue of the second collection from him from Cyprus. This letter suggests that the professor referred to was Patrick Geddes.

Transcribed for Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project by AP June 2011

S&SWM PR papers L1722

2011-06-27T15:07:18+00:00

L534

55 High St | Wandsworth | S.W. | Sept 18/ 8

Sir

Hoping to have the pleasure of a visit any Thursday or Friday

I remain
Yours sincerely
G.F. Lawrence

Pitt-Rivers did not purchase items from Lawrence, according to the second collection catalogue until 1897. The date of the letter is confusing, it might be 1898 in which case there are several options to match (in which case the L number is misplaced as too early in the series of letters at S&SWM PR papers which are arranged chronologically).

-------------------

L1722

30.12.1896 From | Geo. F. Lawrence | 7 West Hill | Wandsworth S.W. | To: General Pitt Rivers F.R.S.

Dear Sir

With compliments & best wishes for the new Year

I am
Yours most obediently
Geo Lawrence

It is not clear which this object is, and whether Pitt-Rivers decided to buy it.

------------------

L1931

7 West Hill | Wandsworth | S.W. | Sept 8/97

Dear Sir

I now send a few things which I hope will interest you I found a good number of stone implements at Icklingham & Stow but they are not so numerous as formerly.

I found there were at least three Barrows unopened yet & I hope next year to have a turn at them.

I am
Yours most obediently
Geo. F. Lawrence

I had intended selling the Wandle find, in one lot but have parted them for you the only collector to whom I have yet offered them
G.F.L.

-----------------

L2087

Geo. F. Lawrence | 7 West Hill | Wandsworth S.W. | May 16 1898

Dear Sir

I am extremely obliged to you for the cheque to hand & I beg to enclose with compliments & many thanks

I am
yours obediently
Geo F. Lawrence

Mr Boynton has permission to finish the excavations at the so called "Danes Graves" where he found the enamelled wheel headed pin I wish him every success

It is not clear exactly which set of objects Lawrence is referring to as he sold quite a few objects to Pitt-Rivers in early 1898

Transcribed for Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project by AP June-July 2011

S&SWM PR papers L1719

2011-06-27T14:38:51+00:00

Henley Park | Henley-on-Thames | Oxon.

Dearest General

A happy Xmas to you and [2 words illegible] of them. We are bringing you a present of some sleigh bells for the museum I think they are cowbells but you shall decide. We arrive on the 27th & hope Willy will leave some hunting. Kattie [?] was so grateful for the loan of yr. lamps The dance was a great success and she has a children's dance on the 25th With best love from Willy and yr very aff Blossie Fox Pitt.

This appears to be written by Lily Ethel Fox-Pitt, wife of Pitt-Rivers' son William Augustus Fox-Pitt. The sleigh bells are not listed in the catalogue of the second collection.

Transcribed for Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project by AP June 2011

S&SWM PR papers L1717

2011-06-27T14:25:11+00:00

S. Richards | Friar Lane | Nottingham | Dec 22/96

Harold Gray Esq

Dear Sir

I am obliged for your note, and enclose invoice for the items kept.

A weak solution of ammonia & water in which the small silver objects are immersed for a short time, after which [insert] wash well in clear water & [end insert] cover them with warmed sawdust to dry them, is the easiest method of cleaning the little silver objects. A solution of cyanite of potassium & water will do it better still, but as it is exceedingly poisonous it is not as frequently met. Most collectors prefer not to have them bright, as they come out of the bath like new silver, and of course lose a little of the surface every time it is done.

Yours respectfully

S. Richards

This probably refers to Add.9455vol4_p1283 /3, a coach and horses bought from Richards in May 1896.

Transcribed for Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project by AP June 2011

S&SWM PR papers L1709

2011-06-27T13:12:55+00:00

Beaumont Ansd. Dec. 15/96

Witchampton | Wimborne | Dec: 10th /96

Dear General Pitt-Rivers

We are sending to-day - by parcel post - a few little things which we should feel honoured if you would accept for your Museum. When we were last in town I was looking through my father's collection & found him talking of giving the Carib Pillow to the British Museum. So I begged it from him & when he found it was for the purpose of asking you to accept it for your museum he let me have it as he was greatly interested & pleased with your colllection when he was here in the summer. The stone implement seems a particularly fine one too.

The Cameo, we thought would intrest you as being the work of a Negro lad trained in an Art School started (for native boys) in Nassau, Bahamas, by my father, some few years ago. Some of the lads showed great talent. The other beans & seeds are all West Indian. I understand that the marks of wear on the Carib pillow are caused by the action of the water in the cave.

With remembrances to Mrs Pitt Rivers from Fred & myself

Believe me
Very truly yours
Clare L. Beaumont.

These are items Add.9455vol4_p1432 /1 and Add.9455vol9_p2341 /9 and on. The cameo is Add.9455vol4_p1432 /1, the stone implement is Add.9455vol9_p2343 /20 and the pillow is Add.9455vol9_p2351 /13.

Transcribed for Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project by AP June 2011

S&SWM PR papers L1695

2011-06-27T12:11:12+00:00

{joomplu:792 detail align right}

L1695

Torr | Ansd Nov 24/ 96

23.11.96 | 11, Ladbroke Gardens, W.

Dear Sir,

I believe that a terra-cotta model of a boat, which was found in Rhodes some years ago, was sold to you as lot 527 in an auction at Sotheby's on 5 December 1885.

I want to engrave this model in a History of Ancient Shipping that I have in hand at the University Press at Cambridge. will you allow me to do this?

And can you tell me whether the boat is down at Rushmore or at your London house? I should like to have the drawing made by a man who has already made a number of drawings for this book, as I want to get the illustrations as much as possible in the same style.

Faithfully yours
Cecil Torr

General Pitt-Rivers

-----------------

L1701

Torr | Ansd. Nov. 30/96

11 Ladbroke Gardens, | London. W.

Dear Sir,

Many thanks for your letter I saw the boat before the sales, and recollect that it was pretty rough. But I have fourteen of these models drawn already, and I want to add the other four of which I know, in order to make this section of the work complete.

It is rather a serious matter to send the draughtsman down to Farnham for so small a thing.

Of course it would have suited me much better to have had the drawings done in town. But as you do not wish to send the thing away, I will make arrangements for his going down, as soon as he has cleared off the work he has in hand.

Faithfully yours,
Cecil Tor

Friday 27 November.

---------------

L1702

Ansd Jan 15/ 97

11 Ladbroke Gardens, W.

Dear Sir,

I am very much obliged to you for your suggestion of the photograph. That would quite answer my purpose.

Might I ask that the photograph should give the boat at exactly half the actual size, and that the boat should be put a little on one side, to give a view of the interior as in the engravings I enclose?

With very many thanks,
Faithfully yours
Cecil Torr

1 December 96

-----------------

L1739

23.1.97 | 11 Ladbroke Gardens | London, W.

Dear Sir,

The photographs of the galley reached me this morning, and I feel very much indebted to you for your kindness in having them taken for me. They will answer my purpose admirably. I shall instruct the draughtsman to make a pen and ink drawing from one of them in the same style that he has used in drawing the other terracotta boats. As soon as his drawing has been zineotyped and worked in to a plate of illustrations, I will send you a proof of the plate. Of course, this will take some weeks; or possibly months.

I imagine that the photographs represent the galley at half its natural size. Would you mind sending me a line to say if that is really so?

With very many thanks
Faithfully yours,
Cecil Torr

This is Add.9455vol2_p185 /4. Strangely Cecil Torr (1857-1928) appears to have published a book 'Ancient Ships' with CUP in 1894 but nothing about this topic after 1896 that I can find trace of.

Transcribed for Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project by AP June 2011

S&SWM PR papers L1694

2011-06-27T11:56:21+00:00

Ansd

Pyt House | Tisbury | Wilts | 20 Nov: 1896

Dear General,

I am sending you the Water-Pipe, which I hope will interest you.

Please excuse my not writing myself, I am just off hunting.

Yours vy truly
John Benett Stanford
p.H.E.W

This item does not appear to be recorded in the catalogue of the second collection. This is a neighbour of Pitt-Rivers John Montague Benett-Stanford (1870-1947), an army officer and traveller.

Transcribed for Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project by AP June 2011

S&SWM PR papers L1690

2011-06-27T10:16:14+00:00

L1690

Ansd | Jones | Ansd Nov. 17/96

Holwell | Cranborne | Nov. 14. 96

Dear Sir

Allow me to thank you very much for the views of the Larmer Grounds you so very kindly sent me they are really most exquisite & I shall value them very much indeed.

I am sending you by this post a small bronze article I picked up in Cranborne Church yard this week, whilst a grave was being dug, by the foundations of the old Priory, I thought perhaps you may know what it is, & if you would care to keep it, please do not trouble to return it

Again thanking you for your kindness

I am, yours very obediently
Tom. H. Jones

Gen: Pitt Rivers

This probably refers to Add.9455vol4_p1473 /3, it is not clear which views he is referring to, or why Pitt-Rivers sent them to him.

--------------

L1693

Jones

Holwell | Cranborne | 19 Nov 96

Dear Sir

I have to again thank you for your kind Consideration in sending me the book on "King John's House", which, to me, is very interesting & I need not add, I shall value it greatly.

For many years I assisted the late Dr Smart, who was Confined to his room the greater part of the year, so naturally feel deeply interested in any "finds", which I usually handed to him, or several specimens of pottery & other things I found in the Church yard he sent to the Dorset Museum.

In future I purpose with (your permission) forwarding anything discoveries worth sending to you.

Again thanking you for your kindness.

I am, Dear Sir,
Your obediently
Tom:H:Jones

P.S. I will send you first opportunity a few fragments of pottery &c found by myself a few years ago in an old Kiln, adjoining a Roman settlement here, & near a very find spring, [insert] from [end insert] which the late Dr Smart thought this place derived its name, viz Holwell or Holy Well, near this is a hill called "Roake" (St Roch patron of cripples) not far from the top of this hilll is a place, or village called Cripplestyle. Dr Smart was of opinion that the Romans believed this spring or well to have some healing virtues

-----------------

L1703

Holwell | Cranborne | 3 Dec.

Dear Sir

I have today sent you (as promised in my letter of 19th Nov, when writing to thank you for the book you so kindly sent me) a box, to be left at Butts the saddler, at Handley till call'd for. Containing fragments of pottery &c found in & near an old kiln here.

You will think them poor specimens, but I have sent you the best pieces, & if you care to keep any, or all, please do so.

In my letter of 19th I gave particulars of places &c where found (which according to the late Dr Smart) leads to the belief of a Roman settlement here - any further information I shall be only too pleased to give if wanted. I may mention all the pieces sent were found, with the exception of those marked, "found in Cranborne Church yard" about 30 yards from the spring or pond referred to in my last letter. The Kiln being about 6 ft deep, in chalk soil.

I am, Dear Sir,
Yours very obediently
Tom:H:Jones

Gen: Pitt-Rivers

Transcribed for Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project by AP June 2011

S&SWM PR papers L1663

2011-06-24T14:59:16+00:00

L1663

Hewlett ansd. Sept 10/96

c/o Miss Hogg | Berry Mead | Brixham | Tuesday

Dear Sir,

Being extremely interested in Prehistoric archaeology, I am venturing to write and ask if I may visit your Museum next week. So far as I know at present, I shall be able to reach Salisbury, on Tuesday evening, & I hope, if you will kindly let me do so, to make my way by bicycle or carriage to see your collection the following morning. I have long been wishing for an opportunity of doing so, & Mr Andrews, of Eastbourne, has increased my desire to see your treasures by his descriptions of them.

Trusting I am not asking too great a favour.

I am
Yours truly
S.G. Hewlett

--------------

L1664

c/o Miss Hogg | Berry Mead | Brixham | Saturday.

Dear Sir,

Many thanks for your letter and Guide. It is most kind of you to suggest coming down to the Museum yourself, and I am much looking forward to meeting you there. I shall hope to be at the Museum from 10 o'clock onwards on Wednesday morning.

I should much like to see King John's House but doubt if I can manage it next week, as I must be leaving Tisbury by the afternoon train: however I hope to do so on some future occasion.

I am writing, as you suggest, to the landlord of the Hotel.

Again thanking you for the trouble you are taking on my behalf.

I am
Yours truly
S.G. Hewlett

Sydney Gerald Hewlett (1862-1937) attended Harrow School and matriculated in Michaelmas Term 1890 at Keble College, University of Oxford. He was awarded his BA in 1894, he became a schoolmaster and died in Redhill in August 1937. [My thanks to the College Archivist for this information] Although he did not donate any items to Pitt-Rivers, he was a major donor to the Pitt Rivers Museum, University of Oxford where he gave over 500 objects, mostly stone tools.

Transcribed for Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project by AP June 2011

S&SWM PR papers L1635

2011-06-24T13:07:42+00:00

MacCallum Ansd Aug. 29/ 96

47 Bedford Gardens | Kensington W. | August 27/96

Dear General Fox Pitt Rivers

I am arranging an Exhibition illustrating a 1000 miles on the Nile at Graves 6 Pall Mall I am showing a few things, curios and other articles Geological artistic &c along with my own 60 pictures.

Could you possibly lend me one of three flint Bangles you had from me, and one of the flint knives?

They will be taken every care of put into a glass case and if you like they shall be insured

With kind regards to the Lady's [sic] and yourself

I am Faithfully
Your obd servant
A MacCallum

These items do not appear to be in the catalogue of the second collection, or the founding collection. This appears to be Andrew MacCallum who is probably the person associated with 4 canopic jars to the British Museum. He was a landscape and Naval painter, 1821-1902 it would appear, although another source suggests he was Sir Andrew MacCallum who discovered a rock chamber tomb in the Temple of Abu Simbel in 1874. The knife was probably 1884.140.82. This is mentioned in page 386 and Plate XXXI of 'On the Discovery of Chert Implements in Stratified Gravel in the Nile Valley Near Thebes'

I am grateful to Alice Stevenson for pointing out these references and also the fact that Pitt-Rivers spells his name McCallum in the article.

Transcribed by AP June 2011

S&SWM PR papers L1606

2011-06-24T09:21:07+00:00

L1606

Davy Ansd July 20/ 96

258 Ladbroke Grove | Notting Hill | London | July 17th / 96

Sir,

Some time since you called on Miss Davy at Salisbury, to see some Celt Moulds, I am very anxious to sell them, would you kindly tell me if you would purchase them and what is the amount you would give for them, as you are aware no doubt that they are the only ones known at present, therefore the greatest curiosity

yours truly
G. Davy

An answer will greatly oblige

---------------

L1609

Davy

258 Ladbroke Grove | Notting Hill | W | July 22nd/ 96

Sir,

Thanks for your letter received yesterday morning, the Celt Moulds I wrote to you about, Miss Davy told me she offered them to you some years since at Salisbury, and the price was put on them was fine [illegible], but as we are anxious to sell them she would take very considerably less. The moulds are 26 inches long and 11 inches round they are granite and are for casting spear heads, they were dug up 14 feet below the surface in Devonshire, they are as you no doubt know of great antiquity.

I hope you will entertain this and make us some offer

yours truly
G. Davy

-------------

L1623

Ansd Aug. 12/96

258 Ladbroke Grove | Notting Hill | W | Augst. 11th / 96

Sir,

Fearing you might not have received my last letter, describing the Celt Moulds, and as I am desirous of selling the, I should esteem it a great favour, if you would say whether you would like to buy them and name your own price

yours truly
G. Davy

--------------

L1624

Ansd Aug. 19/96

258 Ladbroke Grove | Notting Hill | W | Augst. 14th / 96

Sir,

In answer to your favour of the 12th I send an outline drawing of the Celt Moulds the exact length and width also the length of spear head, I make no description of the moulds neither have I any m.. [illegible] they have always been in my possession since they were found, I [illegible] often have wished to send them to a Museum, but none [illegible] done so

yours truly
G. Davy

Copy [in pencil]

Sir,

I am directed by General Pitt R. to answer to your letter to him of the 14th inst. to say that he does not understand your letter. He wants to know the no. of moulds in all. The drawings are evidently bronze swords. You speak of Celt Moulds but there are no drawings.

Further particulars are certainly [insert] necessary [end insert] before any idea of their value can be formed

Yours obediently

-----------------

L1631

258 Ladbroke Grove | Notting Hill | W | Augst. 23rd / 96

Sir,

In answer to your letter of the 19th inst, I have the Celt Moulds, I send a drawing of one of them, the other is very similar. I am sorry I cannot draw it as it should be, but I hope it will give you an idea of the mould. I have no bronze swords when the two halves of the moulds are placed together there is a small cavity at the top of the mould, where the metal is poured in, the Celts [illegible] in this mould, are large and strong enough for all purposes, the moulds are granite 24 inches long and 12 inches [illegible] circumference, any further particulars I will gladly give you if I can

yours truly
G. Davy

----------------

L1645

Ansd Sept 10/96 Copy kept | Davy

258 Ladbroke Grove | Notting Hill | W | Sep. 9th / 96

Dear Sir,

Thinking you may not have received my letter with the drawing of the Celt Moulds, I am sorry to trouble you again, but will you kindly say if you would wish to buy them, and should you think a £100 too much to give for them, if so, how much [illegible] that price should you offer for them. I am very desirous just now of selling them, an answer by return will greatly oblige

yours truly
G. Davy

Copy

Rushmore | Salisbury | Sept. 19th, 1896.

Sir,

It is very difficult to form any opinion of your moulds, as you do not say how many there are, and you keep on calling them celt moulds, whereas all the drawings you have sent me are sword moulds. I think if they are all in good order and genuine, £50 would be amply sufficient for them. I gave £10 a short time ago for a beautiful bronze celt mould, found near here, with all the materials for re-casting; an excellent and rare specimen, and the finder considered himself very well paid. Before coming to any decision, it would be necessary for you to send them all here on approval. You should also send a complete list of the whole of them.

Yours &c.,

A. Pitt Rivers

-----------------

L1650

258 Ladbroke Grove | Notting Hill | W | Sep. 11th / 96

Dear Sir,

Thanks very much for your letter this morning and offer of £50 for the moulds, I should not feel safe in sending them so far, for you to see, and I cannot exactly afford to bring them to Salisbury myself, I will tell you cordially the British has offered from 40£ to 50, and a lady has offered £60, but of course I should like to get more, the PS [?] Museum always calls them moulds for casting spear heads, I feel almost certain, I told you I have only two moulds, I believe there is a drawing of them in the British Museum thanks again for your offer, and I should like you to purchase them, but you will see, I want to get as much as I ca, cant you offer £80 for them?

yours truly
G. Davy

I am sorry to trouble you, but will you kindly answer by return.

These moulds do not appear to form part of the second collection, or at least they were not listed in the catalogue

Transcribed for Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project by AP June 2011

S&SWM PR papers L1564

2011-06-23T15:21:13+00:00

Webb

Grand Hotel | London | May: 10th 1896

Dear General

Perhaps you will be very much amused at my sending you the enclosed but I know you have all sorts of pottery in your Museum & as the Guanches appear to be more or less of a puzzle to all who have studied them, felt that possibly the Atalaya pottery might interest you, as it is said to be the same as that made by the Guanches, without a wheel, & with only a round stone. The atalayans live in a troglodyte village (the name Atalaya means watch tower) & the inhabitants they say keep aloof from the surrounding peasantry, they sometimes playfully throw a stone or two at an enquiring tourist but this is hearsay. My sister and I who went off together to see the village & get you the pottery, found the villagers very polite & much amused at our Spanish. We noticed that they were bigger & better looking than the peasantry,had beautifully even teeth, fine eyes & good features & we thought, better manners, afterwards we heard that they were supposed to be a different race, so the characteristic must be rather marked, In one book Professor Boyd Dawkins lent us about Guanches there appear to have been no true Guanches at the Grand Canary, so if you prefer, we can call the original inhabitants Canarios. I also send you a hat from La Palma the only island where it is now worn. I did not go to the island myself but got it for you from the Grand Canary - however, it is genuine. I daresay these things will be of no use really to you, but at anyrate they will show you that I have not forgotten that very delightful day I spent at Rushmore, when you were so very kind to me, explaining &ct. since then we had Professor Dawkins staying with us, & together we sang your praises, what a charming man he is & such a delightful companion.

We are going to Newstead tomorrow & only returned from Tenerife on Friday, you never see or hear of an English newspaper in the Canaries, so we have had a great deal to hear & learn about public affairs since our arrival in England. I hope you will not think it very intrusive of me, but I feel as if I knew you so much better than I really do, that you will forgive me for offering my very sincere sympathy to you for the sudden sorry you had, so soon after I saw you. I should have liked to have written then but did not. I have had so much sorrow in my own life, in losing those dear to me & mine, that I can understand grief perhaps better than many, & I felt I could hardly write to you without telling you how sorry I was

Believe me
yours sincerely
Geraldine K. Webb

Transcribed for Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project by AP June 2011

S&SWM PR papers L1547

2011-06-23T14:43:46+00:00

L1547

Ansd Apr 23/96 | Forbes

Shillingstone | Dorset | April 21st

Dear General Pitt Rivers

A few mornings ago I found in Robert Sedlins farmhouse an old ladies saddle & Pillion which was condemned to the flames, it was rather in a state of decay but most curious, so I asked for it, & took the liberty of conveying it to your Museum at Farnham, thinking that if you did not find it worthy of preservation you could have it destroyed. Sedlins sister remembered riding behind her Mother on it to Shroton Fair, the manner in which the pillion is attached to the saddle is not perfectly clear, but the farmer said wisps of straw were made use of, & the crupper behind kept it steady. I was very sorry to hear at the Museum that you are not very strong, also to find that the old Custodian was dead.

Believe me
Yours faithfully
Julia Forbes

This is Add.9455vol4_p1278 /1

--------------

L2402

Forbes Ansd

Shillingstone | Dorset | May 29th

Dear General Pitt Rivers

A curious old clock was taken down from Shillingstone church tower about 6 years ago, & is about to be thrown away. it has two weights, one an enormous stone, & the other iron covered with lead, they hung on ropes, the whole structure was extremely simple the clock had no face & only struck the hours, it had to be wound up every day. If you think it would be worth preserving for the Museum, Mr Gascoigne will be glad to give it to you & I can get it taken as far as Gunville fi you could send for it from there, it seems to me a pity to let it be destroyed. I hope you are better than when I saw you in the winter?

Believe me,
Yours sincerely
Julia Forbes

--------------

L2407

Forbes Ansd June 14/99

Shillingstone | Dorset | June 10th

Dear General Pitt Rivers

I sent my cart all the way to the Museum with the clock which I hope you will find interesting. I can find out nothing about it, though I had an interesting conversation with the old clerk now 84 years old, who woud it up for 50 years, & remembered deer stealing, when the deer was concealed in the church tower, also that some men, two sons of the then clerk, who were afterwards transported for burglary were concealed in the tower for several weeks. I am very sorry to hear that you are so unwell.

Yours sincerely
Julia Forbes

This item does not appear to be listed in the catalogue of the second collection

Transcribed for Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project by AP June-July 2011

S&SWM PR papers L1522

2011-06-23T13:11:39+00:00

Ansd Mar. 6/96 | Reinach

... Direction des Musees Nationaux | Musée de St Germain | ... Le 3 Mars 1896

Dear Sir

Many thanks for that admirable to the Larmer Grounds, the process illustrating are as fine as any in the Century Magazine and much superior to what we generally get from England. I am much interested by pl. 12 (room in King John's House) on account of the fine pottery; judging by the little I can see, your Bellini mst be quite first rate.

I have just given orders to our Atelier to prepare for your museum a collection of casts from our prehistoric carvings. I dont include the Uhryngen reindeer, thinking that you must have that already. If not, please give me notice on a postal card. The whole shall be ready and dry in about three weeks. We are very glad to find an opportunity of returning your kindness

Believe me, dear Sir, faithfully yours

Solomon Reinach

The casts are presumably Add.9455vol3_p1263 /1 and on.

Transcribed for Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project by AP June 2011

S&SWM PR papers L1493

2011-06-23T12:36:05+00:00

Dr Edgeworth | Ansd. Feb 8/96

1 Richmond Hill | Clifton | Thursday | Feb 6/96

Dear Sir

On Saturday evening I am going to read a paper on the English races before a Science Club.

I made sure that I could obtain from the various museums here skulls to illustrate the paper, but have been much disappointed in not being able to obtain a long and a round-barrow skull.

Two years ago you were good enough to lend to my friend Dr Parker for the British Medical Association some skulls from your collection.

May I ask whether you will be good enough to lend me these two skulls - I would willingly pay all expenses and would send them back on Monday.

I am

Yours truly

J.H. Edgeworth

Assist. Physio. to the | Bristol Royal Infirmary

Transcribed for Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project by AP June 2011

S&SWM PR papers L1490

2011-06-23T12:04:29+00:00

{joomplu:788 detail align right}

Jan 29th 1896 | Travellers' Club | Pall Mall | S.W.

Dear Father

Uncle George told me the other day that he thought you would be interested to hear that he had seen in the house of Dr W. Bezly Thorne 53 Upper Brook St., a staff of which he made the enclosed sketch. It comes from South Africa & is carried in front of the "Medicine Man" He said he thought it very like some Greek symbol, but I quite forget which If you think it it [sic] of sufficient interest you might perhaps like to [insert] write to [end insert] Dr Thorne about it. I hope feeling better & stronger

Yr affec son

St G Fox Pitt

By the way did you see in the "Times" of the 28th Sir George Birdwood's letter about the Birthplace of Buddha

This is William Bezly Thorne, a medical doctor, a specialist in cardiology. It is not clear who Uncle George is. George Birdwood's letter concerns the recent discovery by Dr Fuhrer of the 'actual birthplace of Prince Gautama Siddartha, the Buddha Saky... [illegible]. The article is to be found on page 14, column F of The Times, January 28 1896.

Transcribed for Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project by AP June 2011

S&SWM PR papers L1465

2011-06-23T11:31:04+00:00

L1465

Ansd Dec. 30/95 H.G.

West Street, | Poole, Dorset | Dec 25/95

Sir

I have received from my son who is in America a small collection of flint implements which he has found among the mountains and creeks of Kentucky. I should say, in comparing them with the best illustrations I can find, that they are remarkably fine specimens, but I am no judge, and having heard of you as an authority I have written to know if you would like to see them. If so I shall be happy to send them to you by post on receipt of an intimation to that effect.

I am Sir
Yours faithfully
W.W. Burnand

-------------

L1468

Ansd Dec. Jan. 2/95 H.G.

West Street, | Poole, Dorset | Dec 25/95

Sir

In reply to your letter I did not so much write with the intention of finding a purchaser of the flint implements as to get some approximate idea of their archaeological value of which I know nothing. I suspect, on account of their high finish, they belong to the later neolithic period, but the best way will be for me to send them to you for your opinion, which I accordingly do by this parcel post.

I am Sir
Yours faithfully
W.W. Burnand

PTO

I have no objection to part with them, but am quite unable to form an idea as to their value in a marketable point of view.

I also send two rough and probably more ancient specimens on from Bexley in Kent the other from this neighbourhood and a fossil from Dudley called (I am told) Neuopteris Gigantea.

---------------

L1475

Returned Jan 14/95 Parcel Post H.G.

Poole Jan 7 1896

Sir,

I am greatly obliged by your opinion and estimate of the value of the flint implements. As they possess for the sake of association, a value here which is irrespective of market price, however, we do not feel inclined to part with them. I enclose 6d for the return postage and again thanking you

I remain
Yours truly
W.W. Burnand

Gen Pitt Rivers

These items do not appear in the catalogue of the second collection.

Transcribed for Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project by AP June 2011

S&SWM PR papers L1440

2011-06-22T15:11:59+00:00

Kington | Ansd by H.G. Dec 6/95

South View | London Road | Salisbury | Dec 4. 95

Dear Sir

No doubt you have heard of the death of Mr James Brown who you knew had a small collection of savage weapons - some specimens from Fiji, New Guinea, New Zealand & South America. They are now for disposal & I know he would much [insert] have [end insert] liked you to have the first refusal of them. I shall be pleased to make an appointment with you to see them at any time. Awaiting the favour of your reply

I am
Yours faithfully
Geo Kington

(Son in law of Mr Brown)

General Pitt Rivers

--------------------

L1444

Ansd Dec. 11/95 | Kington

Salisbury | Dec. 9. 95

Dear Sir,

See reply to yours of today. I shall be pleased to make an appointment with you for your assistant to see the Late Mr Brown's Collection on Monday next or Thursday, Tuesday & Wednesday I am engaged. Monday would suit me best, if you get this tomorrow your reply would reach me Monday morning or you could wire me - what I am anxious to do is to get rid of all the Savage Weapons in a lot. they consist chiefly of specimens from Fiji, South America, New Guinea & New Zealand I am afraid there are no Wiltshire Antiquities. There is a complete set of the Wilts Archaeological Magazine, "Portland" vase in [?]wood & a black wedgewood vase for disposal - Awaiting your reply which please address as below to save time

I am
Your faithfully
Geo: Kington
Muriel Cottage
Salisbury

Gen: Pitt Rivers

Despite the visit these items do not appear to have been added to the second collection, or at least they are not listed in the catalogue of that collection. The last object from Brown was received in 1894.

Transcribed for Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project by AP June 2011

S&SWM PR papers L1434

2011-06-22T14:29:34+00:00

Spurrell | Reproduction of Flint Knife sent on Nov. 30 / 95

Belvedere Kent | 27 Nov'r 1895

Dear Sir

I had the pleasure of seeing a finely fluted (& handled) Flint implement belonging to you at present at Mr Flinders Peteries exhibition this year. Mr Petrie showed me also a beautiful "plate" of it.

Will you tell me if this is published yet? I want to mention it at the Archaeological Institute shortly - with some notice of other implements.

If it is not published perhaps you would kindly lend me a copy of the plate if you cannot spare one altogether.

For [sic]

Yours faithfully
F.C.J. Spurrell

Gen: Pitt Rivers FRS

This might be Add.9455vol2_p727 /2

Transcribed for Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project by AP June 2011

S&SWM PR papers L1432

2011-06-22T14:17:40+00:00

L1432

Ansd Nov. 25/95 | Perks

The Soldiers Home & Evangelistic Mission | ... Winchester | Novbr 22nd

Dear Sir

Knowing the deep interest you take in anything belonging to Cranborne Chase perhaps you would like to purchase the following which [insert] are the [end insert] property of my Father. He used to occupy Woodcutts Farm but now lives at the Friary Winchester where the articles can be seen, if you cared sufficiently for them for your Museum. I understand the keeper's hat is rarely if ever to be seen - this is a very good one.

Believe me
yrs truly
L. Perks

1. Chase-keeper's hat, worn by Moses Brixey

2. Cutlass or Hanger with deer-skin belt worn by Moses Brixey

3. A wire or noose used for catching deer in Cranborne Chase.

4. End of weapon picked up near Rushmore House the morning after an engagement with Keepers & Poachers [insert] when [end insert] A Poacher is supposed to have been killed

5. A Pocket swingle or weapon of defence used both by poachers & keepers in Cranborne Chase

6. Pair Antlers unpolished from the Chase

----------------

L1454

Perks | Ansd Dec 20/95

The Soldiers' Home and Evangelistic Mission ...| Dec'r 12th

Dear Sir

The delay in answering your letter has been caused by my absence from home, and therefore not being able to consult my Father. I have however seen him to day, and he says he should like the relics of the Chase to go together and considers £20 a very fair price for them

Believe me
yrs faithfully
L. Perks

These items are not listed in the catalogue of the second collection, Pitt-Rivers exhibited similar items at the Art Exhibition from September 1895, see here, so he may have already owned examples of most of these.

Transcribed for Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project by AP June 2011

S&SWM PR papers L1418

2011-06-22T12:32:38+00:00

{joomplu:784 detail align right}

L1409

Ansd Sept. 30/95

The Reliquary and Illustrated Archaeologist | 28 Gt Ormond St London W.C. | Sept 28 1895

Dear General Pitt-Rivers

I beg to thank you for the photograph of the Roman tile from Iwerne which is of such unique interest that I should certainly be glad to have your kind permission to publish it in the "Reliquary". The publication of an an [sic] illustration of the tile might elicit other opinions more valuable than my own. I think the cross within the circle on this tile has certainly a good claim to be considered [insert] one of the earliest [end insert] Christian symbols yet found in Great Britain. It would be quite impossible for anyone to prove that it was not a Christian symbol. The only question is whether it was intended for the Pagan wheel symbol, which although chiefly characteristic of the Bronze Age in Scandinavia, is I believe to be seen on one or two Roman altars in the north of England. One would expect to find the Chi-Rho monogram used in preference to the circular cross during the Romano-British period, but at the same time the [Drawing] occurs on the earliest post-Roman monuments in this country and may very well have been a recognized Christian symbol in the 4th or 5th century. On the whole I consider the probability is in favour of the Iwerne tile being Christian, but I should like to hear what some specialist in Roman things has to say about it.

I believe we have found the tombstone of Gilda's old sinner Vortipore. If so he has a very early cross of this shape [drawing] above his epitaph. This is illustrated in the October no. of the "Reliquary".

I remain
yrs. vy. sincerely
J Romilly Allen

--------------------

{joomplu:785 detail align right}

L1418

The Reliquary and Illustrated Archaeologist | 28 Gt Ormond St London W.C. | Oct 23 1895

Dear General Pitt-Rivers

I enclose proof of block of Roman tile with cross upon it. If you can spare time to write a short note about it I shall be very much obliged.

I have been lately going into the question of the spiral ornament of the Irish mss. and the art of the "Late-Celtic" period, and there are some remarkable [insert] circular [end insert] enamelled discs which seem to afford a connecting link between the two styles. I believe you have one in your collection which was found near Oxford. I should be glad to know if you have any particulars with regard to the circumstances under which it was found.

Mr C.H. Read says he thinks they are late Saxon, but does not seem to have any theory as to what these discs were used for. I think the subject would be worth investigating so as to settle their date.

I remain
yrs vy truly
J Romilly Allen

Enclosure [printed label to go with photograph shown on this page and also enclosed]

Roman tegula, found with Roman Remains by Lady Baker on General Pitt-Rivers's property at Shroton, and presented by her. The mark of the cross within a circle, roughly inscribed with the point of the finger, appears undoubtedly to be the Christian emblem used by the Romans in this part of England, and which prevails on stone crosses in the south and west of Great Britain. It has also the impression of a dog's foot.

----------------

L1532

Ansd. Mar. 24/96

The Reliquary and Illustrated Archaeologist | 28 Gt Ormond St London W.C. | Mar. 14 1895

Dear General Pitt-Rivers

I am much obliged for the proof of your note on the cross marked tile from Iwerne and also for the drawing of the circular metal disc with enamelled spiral ornament. I was in hopes that some particulars might have been preserved as to the circumstances under which the disc in your possession was found. There are one or two similar discs in the British Museum, but they are placed in the Saxon Room and not with the "Late Celtic" metalwork, I asked Mr Read why they were classed with the Saxon things and he was unable to give any satisfactory reason based on the objects found in association with them. Dr Sophus Müller thinks these discs were used as the mountings of metal bowls with peculiar hook-shaped handles and he has written an article on the subject in the "Memoires de la Sociéte des Antiquaires du Nord". One of the discs, found near the Topsway, I think, or in Derbyshire, has a hook still attached to it. The disc would be fixed to the bowl and the hook would serve as a handle. A hook of this kind is illustrated by Dr Sophus Müller but the [insert] enamelled [end insert] part attached to the bowl is not circular but like this [drawing] The ornament is, however, of the same kind as on the circular discs. I think that English antiquaries have had an idea that these discs were used as pendants

I remain

yrs vy truly

JRomilly Allen

The tegula is Add.9455vol3_p1214 /2, the enamelled disc is probably Add.9455vol2_p18 /5 described as 'Antiquities purchased at Sale at Christie’s May 8 1884 and following days formerly in the Collection of the late Lord Londesborough] ... Lot 291 A circular Pendant of Copper, with spiral ornaments enamelled in colours. British [Drawing] Bought by Mr Roach Smith from a person who procured it in the vicinity of Oxford A.W.F.' Pitt-Rivers' article was 'On a Roman tile marked with a cross found at Iwerne, Dorset' Reliquary and Illustrated Archaeologist 2 (1896) 111-2

Transcribed for Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project by AP June 2011

S&SWM PR papers L1371

2011-06-21T11:28:07+00:00

Ansd/ Sept 18/95 | Crespi

Cooma | Wimborne | August 25th 1895

My dear Sir

I am just publishing a long article in "Cyling" and in it I have distinctly mentioned our conversation the other day, at the Larmer Tree. You will remember telling me that you were thinking of forming a series illustrating the evolution of the Cycle. You may get some letters from readers of my article offering to put machines at your service for the puprose, and my note will prepare you for any such offer of help.

I was charmed with the Larmer Tree and hardly know how to thank you for your generosity and goodness in providing such places as the Larmer Tree grounds and the Museum

Believe me, dear Sir,
Yours truly
Alfred J.H. Crespi
Member Royal College of Physicians
Formerly Editor of the Sanitary Review

Despite Pitt-Rivers intention to form a series, there is only a few objects in the catalogue of the second collection, Add.9455vol3_p1237 /1 described as 'Bought of C. Herrington, Salisbury ... 1 52 inch “Ordinary” Bicycle'; Add.9455vol3_p1226 /2, described as 'Presented by Mr Tarrant of Poole Put together and repaired by Osborn Collins Serpentine Road, Poole B. Bicycle with rubber tyres, Date about 1880.; and Add.9455vol3_p1226 /1 'Presented by Mr Tarrant of Poole Put together and repaired by Osborn Collins Serpentine Road, Poole A. A “Boneshaker” with iron tyres Date 1869'; The first rubber tyre made for Mr Tarrant of Poole The first suspension wheel' all obtained September-November 1895 respectively, presumably after the article came out.

Crespi was born circa 1848 in La Valletta, Malta, and was living in Dorset by 1881 with his English born wife Sarah.

Transcribed by AP June 2011

S&SWM PR papers L1348

2011-06-21T08:06:52+00:00

L1348

Whittaker [sic] | Ansd Aug 18/95

33 East Park Terrace | Southampton | 16 Aug 95

Dear General

As I now see a chance of getting into your neighbourhood & of doing myself the pleasure of paying you that visit which I have long looked forward to, I write to ask whether it would be convenient if I were to be with you just at the end of the month.

I fear that you may be thinking then of little else than [2 words illegible] But please don't scruple to put me off, if the following suggestion does not thoroughly suit your convenience.

I want to visit a colleague, at Salisbury, before the Brit. Assoc. meeting. He will be away, on holiday, till the 31st: so it struck me that I might go to you that afternoon & have the Sunday with you, going on to Salisbury on Monday Sept.2.

I might, instead, go to you (from Salisbury) in the afternoon of Sat. 7 Sept. But I expect that I ought to be at home at that time; for it is very likely that I may have to start early in the morning of Mon. 9 Sept, for London, where I have some business to do before going on to Norwich the next day.

As I'm Pres. Elect of the Geol. Section, I hope to have your support at the meeting.

Please don't scruple to negative the above notion.

Yours very truly

W Whitaker

I suppose that in collecting weapons you ignore such atrocious modernisms as sword-sticks! I happen to have 2 types, both fairly old, & one with a fine blade. Shall be glad to hand over, if of any service. One is a prodder, with a short blade coming out with a spring.

----

L1372

Whittaker [sic] | Ansd Aug 27/95

33 East Park Terrace | Southampton | 25 Aug. 95

Dear General

I'm sorry that I can't manage to stop with you beyond the Monday morning, when I must get to Salisbury, but I can start early on Saturday, so as to leave a bit of a ramble on that day, if it will suit you.

I find that, for morning trains, the Blandford route is the better: by starting from S.West at 9.14 I can get to B. at 10.57, whereas the equivalent journey to Tisbury means catching the 8.29 train at Northern.

I will however do what suits you best, by going to Blandford I shall have the advantage of a different route to that by which I must come back, & there's something in that, especially to someone who likes to see everything, in the way of country.

I will gladly take the sword sticks with me, & have them properly bestowed

Yours very truly
W Whitaker

William Whitaker obviously did stay with Pitt-Rivers because there are 3 items from him in the second collection catalogue, see Add.9455vol3_p1191 /1-3, a word lock, and the two sword-sticks he promised.

----

L1372

Whittaker [sic] | Ansd Sept. 11/95

33 E. Pk Terr | Soton |6 Sept. 95

Dear General

The stick-dagger has turned up, so I now send it. The top brass is somewhat loose, but the prodder shakes out fairly.

I also enclose the word-lock. The word is G u l f (which should be duly registered). The letters must be brought in line with the marks on the side. It seems to be a fair specimen.

I am glad to be able to contribute to your Museum, & wish that I could do more

I wonder whether you would care for any of the shoe-soles noticed in the enclosed bit of Revise of a G.S. Memoir If so that bit of print might serve for a label.

A chunk of the Royal George would hardly be of service, unless to show the commencement of peatiness. I have also a like specimen from under Old London Bridge.

I had a very pleasant time with you, & on Tuesday came across an old friend, now a Wilts. Rector, who I had not seen for many years. He is at Sherrington, & his rectory adjoins the peculiar moated mound by the river, which I hope he will annex to his garden.

On the Monday I saw another river-fortress, though much larger, but I forget whether it was at Berwick St James or Mapleford. Are these Saxon in part at [illegible]?

In that district the Chalk block is worked for road-metal.

By the way, in driving into Berwick St John, on Monday, I saw a small pit that seemed to show 2 layers of flint, close to the bottom of the Chalk. I've seen the like near Maiden Newton & other westerly sites.

Yours very truly
W Whitaker

Transcribed by AP June 2011

S&SWM PR papers L1346

2011-06-21T07:50:45+00:00

L1346

Davy

Tollard Royal | July 95

Gen P Rivers

Dear Sir

Allow me to address you a line or two on a matter of business. I was out to your museum a few days ago, and could one spend a week there: There are plenty of chances to obtain knowledge of the past, and the present, of the manners and customs of other nations. As you are fond of gathering Relics, from all parts of the world, I would like to inform you that I have the authority to sell one of the finest collections of Indian relics in North America. They were collected by a physician who wrote a history of the Indian massacres in the Wyoming valley he was forty years in getting them together, a little while before he died he became paralysed in his lower limbs and could not get around to see his patients. Before he passed away - over [sic presumably meaning PTO] He requested me to assist his widow to dispose of the collection as she would need their value more than the relics Among my letters in the United States I have a list of the articles which are all labelled and among them the skeleton of a man seven feet high. They are all packed up in boxes, and if you wish any correspondence upon the subject, a letter should find me at Tollard Royal.

Your respectfully

Address

Rev John Davy

---

L1413

Scranton | Oct 14/95

Gen. Pitt Rivers

Dear Sir

I have not corresponded with your lady about those relics as I agreed to before leaving England the reason is the owner is in California and I thought I would wait until she returned but as she has not returned yet I will send you a list of the relics as I have them which the owner was 40 years in gathering which embrace 20,000 pieces representing every implement used in peace or war. Of the sling stone which since have mistaken for sinkers I have 2 or 300 weighing from 1 ounce to five pounds. The arrow and spear point I have many thousand from 1/4 to 12 inches in length of any possible finish & design. Of stone picks hoes and agricultural tools I have a vast number Of death dealing mauls I have two. Of tomahawks 30 or 40. Of skinning or scalping stones some 200 of beautiful workmanship & finish. Of Pestle from 80 pounds to 6 oz I have nearly 2000, Of Indian mortar or gristmills I have 2 singular beauty, Beautiful amulets 30 or 40 - stone birds - strings of wampum - elegant gouges for digging [illegible] from canoes - ornamental stone rings - ceremonial stones - and rare old stone and clay pipes fire stones for boiling venison corn & tobacco planters - pottery and of quoits I have 200 or 3000 awls & whetstones & sharpners [sic] and a thousand other things all stone found in the Lackauauna Valley every thing as marked by stencil plate but I have 17 things I do not know what they are or of what use they were put so these are numbered beside I have a collection of modern things from the Rocky Mountains Indian weapons medicine bags &c I also gave 7 Indian crania & one entire Indian skeleton 7 feet in length in a good state of preservation with 32 teeth in his jaw the one who buys it must see it to appreciate it it is one of the finest collections in America.

The price for the above collection is $ 5500 or a little less than 1200 pounds if you wish to correspond with me my address is

Rev John Davy
810 [illegible] Street
Scranton
Pennsylvania
North America

The items do not appear in the second collection according to the catalogue.

Transcribed for Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project by AP June 2011

S&SWM PR papers L1343

2011-06-20T15:00:25+00:00

Le Masurier | Ansd Aug. 12/95

96 Victoria Road, Guernsey | 25th July 1895

My dear Sir,

I send you by tomorrow morning's parcel post, a box containing a figure dressed in what, less than half a century ago was the characteristic costume of the Guernsey peasantry. I have had it specially made for your museum by a countrywoman, who not only remembers seeing the Costume worn, but has preserved one as a relic of the past.

I must ask you to particularly notice the unfinished stocking on the hand. This class of work accompanied the women wherever they went; whether to the dairy, poultry yard, field, going to market or in their country walks. In fact it was inseparable from their existence, and every leisure moment allowed them by the nature of their farm or other occupations was utilized in stocking knitting. The colour was invariable.

The figure represents a woman going to market, the can of milk on the right arm, a basket of eggs and butter on the left, and the stocking which, when too long was tucked inside the apron band.

If by some mischance any of the contents of the basket have got adrift in the enveloping paper please restore them for the absence of one or other would destroy the character of the figure. The shells represent eggs, the yellow wax on green paper the pounds of butter on cabbage leaves. The costume is precise in every detail from the shoe upwards, not omitting the pocket in the dress under the apron. The cloak was always red.

I hope the Customs Authorities at the General Post Office will not open the parcel.

Accompanying it is a roll inside which are two large views of our town and harbour.

I also send you a newspaper in which the Curator [insert] of the Library [end insert] thankfully acknowledges your handsome and valuable present, one which I assure you, Sir, is highly appreciated. To his thanks I must write mine for having so very kindly responded to the representations I made to you when I had the pleasure of visiting Rushmore.

I remain
Yours very truly
Giffard Le Masurier

There does not appear to be a figure of this kind donated by Le Masurier in the second collection catalogue. He seems to spell his name Masurier but it is often spelt Mesurier as well, he appears to have been born in 1839 but I can find no other information about him

Transcribed by AP June 2011

S&SWM PR papers L1269

2011-06-20T07:44:13+00:00

L1269

7 Kempsford Gardens | Earls Court | SW | 7th May 1895

Sir

Yours of the 4th duly received & in reply wish to say that I will make a drawing in the museum of some archaeological specimens or you being an archaeologist will know of some particular specimen which you like I will do so well, so that you will then have a proof of my ability in that line of work.

I dont think I told you that I am a qualified art master I have got my certificate from the Department of Science & Art which is a guarentee that I have had a proficient scientific training as well as artistic

I need hardly say that I will do my utmost to give you full satisfaction if you should employ me in your archaeological work.

I remain yours faithfully

G.F.W. Johnson

To | General Pitt Rivers, F.R.S. | Rushmore | Salisbury

----

L1273

7 Kempsford Gardens | Earls Court | SW | 11th May 1895

Dear Sir

I understand that I go to Tisbury being the nearest station to Rushmore. I suppose there will be someone there to meet me? I propose leaving here on Wednesday 15th May by the 11.45 train from Waterloo arriving at 3.29 If this is not convenient to you, you might let me know which train I ought to take.

Yours sincerely
G.F.W. Johnson

Genl Pitt Rivers F.R.S.

Transcribed by AP June 2011

S&SWM PR papers L1256

2011-06-15T12:32:30+00:00

L1256

Harrison | Ans'd Apr. 30/95

Ightham | Ap 25. 95

General Pitt-Rivers

Sir

I have for some time past been engaged in sketching & carefully arranging the Rude implements found in the excavations on the Plateau which will presently possibly be a [illegible] index if the Impts are brought forward at the B Asn. [presumably British Association for the Advancement of Science]

It so happens yesterday I was showing to a Scientist who put the question to me

Has Genl. Pitt Rivers seen these [insert] for I feel sure he would like to [end insert]

This question has now been put to me three times & this prompts me to forward the book for your inspection

These implements all found at depths of from 6 to 7 ft beneath stratified deposits.

I may mention also that I am desirous now to dispose of series of rude impts & should have written before but for the fact I determined not to put into circulation until hall marked

The time has now come as all through I have been working on the lines laid down by yourself I beg to give you first offer

It is now some 6 years ago that Professor Prestwich gave me a copy of your address on Museums in which you advocate a large Anthropological Rotunda. I was much struck with the idea & so sketched in mind the plan were I call upon to act.

Since that time no pains have been taken to give [illegible] of Evolution & much work has been done with I am pleased to say good results

I enclose my fanciful sketch which will at least show I have thought over the question. [Drawing of rotunda marked Pal. and Eolithic in centre, Neolithic and Bronze in inner ring and Egyptian on outer ring

I remain, Sir
Yours respectly
B Harrison

P.S. I forward No 4 as a specimen to illustrate

In February or March 1896 Pitt-Rivers paid £10 for 16 stone tools from Harrison, see Add.9455vol3_p1257 /1 and on

-------------

L1521

Ightham March 3 96

Cheque £10.10.0 sent on Mar. 6/96

Genl. Pitt Rivers

Sir

I have sketched in & send today 30 primitive implements from the Chalk Plateau.

Instead of 25 representing half 30 sent for which I ask 10 guineas. for this reason Having been incessantly at work in this line for the past 10 years I really want a change & a holiday so with the pounds I hope to recoup myself for Expense & time and the odd shillings go towards a holiday [illegible] a scamper over the S Downs to follow up some observations made 10 yrs since

I hope in doing so I have not trespassed on your indulgence so far

Believe me to clear up this matter and the fight against the Hemel Hempstead Giant has been exhausted [illegible] ordeal but I am glad now we have had a hard tussle

I sent by request a [illegible] to the Fishguard Museum [illegible] Mr E.J. Newton F.R.S. has care of them

A London Editor whom I asked to go & see writes Feby 22

Dr Mr Harrison

I had nearly an hour with Mr Newton this morning

He tells me he find himself increasingly on your side

He will show your exhibits at the next meeting Geologists Association

He quite sees that people cannot be [illegible] and that the questions is in a transition stage but moving in the right direction (Even Evans is not so incredulous as he was) and that by giving people time and opportunity we shall see the present large number of influential judges in the matter considerably augmented to your advantage

I remain Sir

Yours [illegible]

B Harrison

See Add.9455vol3_p1257 /1 and on

Transcribed by AP June 2011

S&SWM PR papers L1238

2011-06-15T11:52:56+00:00

Smithsonian Institute | United States National Museum | Washington, April 10 1895

Dear Sir.

I have been lately reading with great care and interest your paper in the Journal of the Anthropological Institute on navigation. Of course you have done much more since that was printed and I have been wondering whether you had published in other works the continuation of that study. Have you seen Schrenke, Reisen und Forschungen in Arme-Lund, St Petersburg? It continues the bark canoe to the Giliak area opening into Okholsk sea. And, what is more curious, the same form sharpened under the water exists today on the upper Colombia. [Drawing] We are looking over all our ethnic types here and shall be glad to consult your latest work.

I am very respectfully yours
O. Mason

Maj. General Pitt-Rivers, 4 Grosvenor Gardens, London, England.

Otis Tufton Mason (1838-1908) was an American ethnologist and curator at the Smithsonian Institute. He had worked at the US National Museum from 1884. According to wikipedia, he developed 'the culture area concept'.

Transcribed by AP June 2011

S&SWM PR papers L1228

2011-06-14T15:21:17+00:00

{joomplu:790 detail align right}

L1228

Ansd Apr. 9/95

The Burlington Fine Arts Club | 17 Savile Row, W. | London | 30 March 1895

My dear General

This club is about to have a show of Egyptian Art & Antiquity - I write on behalf of the Comm'ee to invite you to contribute to it some of yr. Egypt'n things.

We don't want very large ones, as we have limited space.

Hoping you will see yr. way to sending some thing

I am with best regards to Mrs Pitt Rivers & yourself

Yrs very sincly
FG Hilton Price

P.S The show will be in May - but we are getting in things directly

----

L1577

17, Collingham Gardens | South Kensington, | S.W.

London | 21 May 1896

My dear General

I enclose you herewith the sketch of the Egyptian staff, w'ch I delayed giving you an answer upon sooner as I wished to consult Dr Budge thereon. The following is the interpretation "Grant a venerable old age in the Temple of Amen to the Ka of the doorkeeper of Amen; a happy exit may he make for him and a place of great dignity".

We have had another meeting today upon the Ancient Monuments question it is not only Prehistoric Monuments we wish to have protected, but historical likewise, such as castles Cathedrals, Churches, Chapels Corporation & private buildgs. of interest & certain Roman remains. We have requested the Foreign Office to furnish us with details of the systems adopted on the continent & the manner in wh. it works. We have paid an acknowledgement & the F.O. will give instructions for the information to be furnished to us.

{joomplu:789 detail align right}With best regards
Yrs vy sincl
FGHiltonPrice

Transcribed by AP June 2011

S&SWM PR papers L1187

2011-06-14T11:51:22+00:00

L1187

Ansd Mar. 5/95 | Specimens sent | Peacock

1 Woodsome Terrace | York Rise | London N.W. | 3rd. Mch/95

General Pitt Rivers

Dear Sir,

Having observed your advertisement in the "Engineer" of Mch 1st I beg to state that I shall be glad to submit for your inspection some specimens of my work.

I am a good artist & a skilful designer & draftsman and can prepare drawings in mono-tone, line, or colour as reqd. and have had considerable practice in all these mediums in preparing drawings for book illustration and for the weekly illustrated newspapers, including the Graphic, and Black & White.

I may also state that I have had the honour when a non-com officer in the Corps of Royal Engineers to prepare drawings for reproduction for Officers, and that I for some time acted as assistant instructor of drawing at the School of Military Engineering at Chatham.

I shall be pleased to give you any references you may require and if favoured with an interview I shall esteem it as a great honour

I am
Dear Sir
yrs most respectfully
Alex Peacock

Enclosure

Sir

In reference to previous correspondence I shall be glad to have an interview with you at No 4, Grosvenor Gardens on Monday next the 11th at 7 to 8 p.m. or Tuesday at 10.30 a.m.

A.P.R.

Mr A. Peacock

Can have character [illegible] to [illegible] for W.G. Jack. [illegible] cottage [illegible] Reigate. Mr Crawford Wardle [illegible] North [illegible] Reigate. Has been a sapper in Royal Engineers & was corporal [this is presumably Pitt-Rivers' illegible notes on Peacock]

-----

L1197

Rushmore | Salisbury | Mar. 14/95

Sir,

Your drawings appear to be satisfactory and your having been in the Royal Engineers is an additional point in your favour. So that if your testimonials are satisfactory, I shall be disposed to engage you.

Please to send to me any testimonials you may be able to get, as to conduct etc, and if you have your discharge from the Royal Engineers I had better see it.

You will understand that as you will have to live in the house, and have your meals in the Housekeeper's Room, the necessity for testimonials, is of greater importance than if you were merely to be engaged on the job.

yours &c
A. Pitt Rivers

Mr A Peacock

Note testimonials are L1195 and 1196. L1200 is a letter from Peacock enclosing the two testimonials and saying he would have to find the discharge note which he had not used since his discharge.

----

L1204

Rushmore | Salisbury | Mar. 18/95

Sir,

Your testimonials being satisfactory and your character or discharge from the Army "Very Good", I shall be happy to engage you as one of my assistants, and shall be glad if you will come here as soon as possible as my work is somewhat in arrear. Your work for the present will probably be indoors, but excavations will be going on shortly. When you are away on excavation duty, you receive 2/- a day in lieu of board and lodgings and find yourself, but in all probability the others will go out at first and you will remain here.

There will be a month's notice on either side on the completion of the engagement, but I see no prospect of the work terminating for some time. There must also be this additional provision that if you give me notice to quit, you will remain to finish the particular plate or drawing that you may be about at the time, otherwise the plate would be lost. I think that no plate usually occupies more than a week's time.

For the present you will have a bed-room to yourself, but when the house is full, or if I obtain another extra clerk you may have to be in the same room as one of the other clerks. We have not had to do this for some little time, but there is a prospect of it.

A. Pitt Rivers

I return your discharge Documents.

L1208 is a letter from Peacock dated 19.3.1895 suggesting he started work at Rushmore on Monday 25 March 1895.

Transcribed for Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project by AP June 2011

S&SWM PR papers L1172

2011-06-13T14:51:31+00:00

Ansd Feb. 7/95 8/- offered 8/- sent on Feb. 11/95

17 Cistern St | Totnes | Devon | 4/2/95

Sir

Your name having been mentioned to me by your later gamekeeper Mr G. Bennett as a collector of antiquities and having an axe used in warfare prior to the Roman Invasion I take the liberty of submitting it to you for your inspection an [sic] with a view to purchase It was found by me in the bog at Ascot 3 years ago next June I being at that time an allotment holder thereon. I have Sir obtained the opinion of several Gentlemen used in these matters and they are agreed in thinking it to be of some value to an antiquary.

Trusting you will pardon the liberty I have taken

I remain
Yours Respectfully
John Peters

P.S. I have forwarded the axe per Parcels Post

NB This does not seem to be entered in the catalogue of the second collection

Transcribed by AP May/ June 2011

S&SWM PR papers L1165

2011-06-13T14:37:48+00:00

22 Piazza d'Ara Coli | Rome | 27 Jan. 1895

My dear Augustus

I have been making Enquiries at Nelli's about Bronzes & I find that they are considerably lower in price than they were some years ago.

I went with Costa & we saw Canova's Boxers - full size - a little over 6 feet he asked for these 3000 francs each. There is the Mercury of the Uffici [sic] at Florence - 2500 fr. then there is the boy picking the thorn from his foot rather smaller these were the principal bronzes I noticed - & I daresay less would be taken for them than was asked.

If there is any special one you would wish to have I could ask about it. I suppose you have been nearly snowed up at Rushmore.

If there is anything else I can do for you here I shall be very glad. I hope you & Alice are well

Yours affectly
AC Stanley

A bronze that matches the description given in the letter is photographed in the family art collection album, described as 'Boy extracting a thorn from his foot, bronze; by F. Evangelisto. Obtained at Naples' Date Modern'. It is not clear if this is the same item.

This is probably Reverend Algernon Charles Stanley, Alice's younger brother, 1843-1928.

Transcribed by AP May/ June 2011

S&SWM PR papers L1136

2011-06-13T13:13:45+00:00

L1136

P.O. 5/- sent on Jan 19/ 95

21 Winchester Avenue | Brondesbury NW | Dec 31st/ 94

Sir,

I trust you will pardon me the liberty I take in addressing you but as I am leaving for India in a few weeks I am obliged to sell all my Books, Prints, medals, etc, and I thought that perhaps this old medal of Gentleman [?] Pitt might be of some interest to you price 5/=

I hope that you care for it sufficiently well to retain.

Again apologizing & asking the favour of a reply

I am, Sir,
Yours obediently
W. Harman

General Pitt-Rivers, F.R.S. 4 Grosvenor Gardens SW.

This is Add.9455vol3_p906 /4 only referred to as an afternote.

-----

L1162

21 Winchester Avenue | Brondesbury NW | Jany 26/95

Sir,

I beg respectfully to thank you for P.O. value 5/- for medal sent

I have a very good engraving framed, of William Pitt, price 15/- which I should be happy to send for your inspection.

Trusting you will allow me to do so

I am, Sir,
Yours obediently
W Harman

General Pitt-Rivers

Pitt-Rivers does not appear to have bought this engraving.

Transcribed for Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project by AP June 2011

S&SWM PR papers L1085

2011-06-10T14:22:31+00:00

L1085

14 Brechin Place | South Kensington | Oct 27th

Dearest Papa.

I have seen about the saddle bags for the sofa the smallest size in imitation ones are 18 inches square and are 3/6 each and the larger ones 5/6 each the real ones are different sizes and are 15/0 a pair Harrod stores would redo the whole sofa with 6 bags at top and six at the bottom (not real ones) with velvet in between & restuffed for £8-5-6. I give you this as some idea. Willy wrote & I am going to dine and go to the play with the Seymours they came here to tea yesterday. I have bought some works for the show next year. But it was very expensive £2.17.6 I wanted to get a bit for Kate too but could not afford it as [illegible] it was a 1£. They sent to their dancing yesterday the mistress was so pleased to see them and pushed them to the front at once, she found Patience had got rather stiff in the holidays, but was pleased with Ruth. We all enjoyed ourselves so much at Bushmore and I [2 words illegible] with you. I hope your party is a lively one now, but we have rain all day today yesterday was lovely. All the children send their love, will you thank Mama for her letter.

Your affec daughter
Ursula Scott

Thompson suggests that this might have been dated 1894, there seems no evidence within it to suggest any particular year

----

L1338

Hotel Belle Vue | Villars S/ Ollon | Alpes Vaudoises | July 21st [?Thompson suggests 1895 but see on]

Dearest Papa

I have bought you an iron anvil from a peasant here he does not use it now as they have plainer ones now, this one belonged to his father I send you back your little drawing to show where the ornament is. I did not get you a hamper. There is nothing here particular except a wooden bowl and spoon that they eat cream out of in the mountains they wear no ornaments, they say Berne is the place to get those sort of things we are going to this peasants house tomorrow to see if he has any thing he brought us a glass this morning with 1774 on it which he said belonged to his grandfather but as it was not Swiss I told him I did not want it. The landlord of the Hotel thinks I am rather mad I am afraid I have very little room in our boxes for putting things, they are very heavy as it is. We leave here next Thursday the 26th and go to Chamonix. The air here is lovely and I feel much better and Marcia is quite rosy. The view is beautiful today Willy hears from Thorpe his corn is dreadfully beaten down and some of his hay spoilt. I hope you have got yours all in.

your affec. daughter
Ursula Scott

This anvil does not appear to be listed in the catalogue of the second collection.

----

L1344

Hotel Mont Cervin | Zermatt | Canton Valois | Switzerland | July 27th [?Thompson adds ?1895 but see on]

Dearest Papa

If I can find another anvil I will get one, I saw some more after I had got the one I wrote to about [sic] exactly the same only much larger, and we made the man show us how he used it, that was at Villars. I could not find any thing else there. We are not going to Berne now as we go to Lucerne by the Turka Pass driving but I will get the stools at Lucerne do you mind sending me some money by a registered letter as we are only have [sic] a certain sum with us and when it comes to an end we must go home. so if you want two musical stools at about 2£ each with other things you see it would come to nearly 5£ which would mean two or three days more away and of course if I do not find the things or they dont come to as much I can give it you back, I wish you were here I am sure it would do you so much good the air is lovely 5400 ft. high and we went up on mules today to the Gorner glacier the children were so excited especially Marcia she notices every thing I think more than the others. The mountain railrode [sic] from [illegible] here winds up by the river [illegible] which is a torrent in some places and the whole way it is quite lovely, it looks very dangerous in places right on precipices. We are going to [illegible] tomorrow on mules for the day 7305 ft high. We had a long journey, yesterday from 9 to 6. I was tired but today able to do this long expedition and now writing, when I first came every thing tired me. I think I shall be as strong as a horse when I get back. Who did Blossie say was rude to her and why did she say it what made her write about it. I hope you are pretty well. Douglas would like this place such a curious village and old tumble down places all dark brown wood and then the mountains behind and the guides about with their ponies & mules. We leave on Thursday Aug 2nd

Your affec. daughter
Ursula Scott

----

{joomplu:782 detail align right}

L1355

Hotel Belvédère | Zeggio [?] | August 10th

Dearest Papa

I have just got into letter of the 7th I am so very sorry to hear you have not been well those sort of attacks are most unpleasant, and I was hoping you would have no more as you have not had them lately I hope you will not have another. I bought you the musical chair it was 65 frs also a musical mug and they have both been sent off. The steel headdress pin and necklace I have with me I have tried to get an anvil here but not yet succeeded but am going with the landlady of the Hotel to some peasants house and will try there I suppose a doll would not suit you with the Bern dress they are quite correct as I have looked at them and they are exactly like the whole costume the women wear I am afraid we must give up Bern but I could get a shop at Lucerne to get me the chains they are worn just like your little drawing hanging under the arm to the waist 4 or 5 chains from a round ornament about this size which fasten on to the shoulder back and front the chains go from front to back hanging in loops. [Drawing] I hope the chain will arrive safely it ought to come next week I have 4£ left I am very sorry about [illegible] and Blossie, but hope all will go well in time. I send this note to Alice to give you as she is going to Oxford too and by sending my letter to her in London it will be forwarded quickly. What a dreadful accident with the engine what child was it?

Your affec. daughter
Ursula Scott

---

L1364

Hotel Belvédère | Zeggio [?] | August 18th

Dearest Papa

I have bought you a Bern costume and it is sent off by post today or tomorrow - all except the chains which I have got with me. The costume cost 100 frs and the chain 26 frs. so I have spent so far over the ten pounds you sent me I can not find another anvil here they only use the same as in England stone thing you rub up and down on the scythe Willy saw your paper in the Times when he went into Lucerne I have only seen the Daily News which mentioned it but did not say much. I hope you will have fine weather for the sports we have had rain every day.

Your affec. daughter
Ursula Scott

It seems most likely that these last four letters actually date to 1894, as the musical stools from Lucerne must refer to Add.9455vol3_p1014 /2, which are dated in the catalogue as August 1894.
However, there is no costume, chain, anvil or headdress pin and necklace from Ursula listed in the catalogue of the second collection, the musical chair or stool and musical mug or pot are listed see Add.9455vol3_p1014 /2-3

Transcribed by AP May/ June 2011

S&SWM PR papers L1044

2011-06-10T09:53:51+00:00

L1044

[Ansd Sept 10/94]

Ringwood | Hants | Sep./1/1894

To General Pitt-Rivers Larmer

Sir,

Being informed that you purchase curios of various descriptions I write to say that I have a good collection of New Guinea ones - womens' dresses, pipes, drums, bows & arrows, spears, shields, head dresses, stone clubs, arm-shells and other things too numerous to mention.

Having spent 8 years in New Guinea and the adjacent islands, I had been able, with some amount of trouble and expense, to gather together a very varied collection, including most of the things in general use.

I should be glad to know if you care to purchase any of these, so that I might contrive in some way to let you see them.

I gathered every one of them myself direct from the natives, so that I know the locality of each article, and also its use.

I also took a good number of photographs of natives and native scenes, and have the negatives with me, so could readily print from these. They are only amateur productions, but give, I think, a very good idea of the people.

If you would kindly reply to this, I should feel much obliged

I am
Yours truly
E.B. Savage

----

L1046

The Square | Ringwood | Sep. 11th 1894

Sir,

Will you kindly inform General Pitt-Rivers that I shall be glad if he could come on Friday next to see the curios, say by the train which arrives at Ringwood about 3.30 p.m.?

Our house is a shoe warehouse opposite Cox & Hicks, drapers.

Will write again tomorrow, but have sent this on so as to secure a day for the inspection.

Am writing in great haste.

Yours truly
E.B. Savage

-----

L1047

The Square | Ringwood | Sep. 12th 1894

To General Pitt-Rivers, Rushmore

Sir,

I wrote a brief note to Mr. Gray yesterday saying that I should be glad if you could make it convenient to see the N.G. curios on Friday next. I trust this date will suit you.

It is rather difficult to quote a price for the collection without knowing if you would care for the whole or only part of it. I should like you to see them first and I do not think it will be difficult to agree about the price. If you purchase the whole I think you will have the best New Guinea collection in England.

Our house is quite near the Church, and directly opposite the White Hart hotel.

I am
Yours faithfully
E.B. Savage

-----

L1060

[Ansd Oct. 1/94]

The Square | Ringwood | Sep. 28th 1894

Sir,

I have been expecting to hear from you respecting the N.G. Curios.

Some of the people here have asked me to exhibit them at a Bazar [sic] to be held next week but I cannot give them an answer till I know what day you might be here to see them.

Will you be good enough to ask General Pitt-Rivers if he can give me a definite time so that I might know what to do?

Some day in the early part of the week would suit me best. The Bazar is on Thursday.

Yours faithfully
E.B. Savage

Harold Gray Esq.

----

L1067

[Ansd by telegram Oct. 8/94]

The Square | Ringwood | Oct. 6th 1894

To General Pitt-Rivers, Rushmore.

Sir,

I have taken the liberty of sending you a list of objects in my N.G. Collection. This will give you some idea of what it is like and its value. You will see that it covers almost the whole life of the people and is the more interesting on this account.

Of course I have only given a very salient description of them, wishing more especially that you might know what articles are contained in it.

I have never before offered the collection to any one but as I am expecting to leave home again shortly, it seems necessary to get rid of them, for our house has a very limited capacity for keeping such things.

I could not possibly hold them over till the Spring, as Mr Gray suggested. It seems best, therefore, to make a price for the whole as given in list, then if you care to purchase them I shall be glad to write out as full a description as possible, and give you the locality of every article. I have a fairly large map of the district (that is of British N.G.) which it was my intention to show you, or, if you wished it, to place with the collection. On the other hand, if you do not care to purchase them, there will be no serious harm done.

It is not beyond the mark to say that they would be worth what I ask for them even in Australia. But they are worth more in England, as it cost me a considerable sum for carriage from the nearest port in Australia.

The price I ask for them is £60.

Will you kindly let me know your final decision?

I remain
Yours faithfully
E.B. Savage

----

L1268

Savage | Ansd. May 17/95

c/o Mrs Berriman | 24 Church Road | Richmond | Surrey | 6.5.1895

Dear Sir

Before leaving home I printed a new set of N.G. photographs for myself, intending to keep them, as it was uncertain when I might be able to print more. The ones that you saw I gave to my mother. But if General Pitt Rivers wishes to purchase them I will chance being able to print others for some time, which will probably not be for a year at least.

I could not afford to seel them at less than 2/- each, so if General Pitt Rivers cares to purchase them at this price, I will, on receipt of a reply, instruct my mother to pack them and send them on to you. There are about 3 or 5 of them which were given me by a friend; these I should ask my mother to keep.

The whole of them are nicely mounted, and form a most valuable collection.

Kindly let me know what General Pitt Rivers thinks

Yours faithfully
E.B. Savage

Harold Gray Esq.

Enclosure

List of Objects

One native wood Pillow in shape of crocodile

Four carved Bark Belts - two from Maipua & two from Bushmen, Fly River.

One Belt worn by boys & young men before taking to the larger bark ones

One Kilt worn by boys up to about the age of 15 or 16 years

Three carved Drums or tomtoms coming from 3 different tribes. The one from Saibai is the finest I have seen in New Guinea.

Two carved objects called by natives Gopi - used suspended by long strings in front of verandah.

One skull of small crocodile from Katau River N.G.

One Grease Pot made of coconut shell - from Kerepunu N.G.

One Food Dish, two spoons made from coconut, two shell do. [spoons] & 1 Laddle [sic]

One Dugong Charm composed of mother & little one on her back, and two stones one on either side. Used by dugong man of the tribe who has the supposed power of attracting the Dugong.

One model of Dugong painted various colours by native boy

One Stone Hatchet, two stone adzes with very long extra stone to one of them

One ornamented native human Skull, purchased by me at Wabuda by [insert] from [end insert] the man who slew the victim. There is something protruding from the eye-sockets & the nose covered with seeds, fixed on with wild honey.

One Human Skull (non ornamented) which I found in a cave

One instrument used in war times, composed of large beans, held in the hand and shaken, producing a rattling noise

Two stone spinning tops

One mourning decoration worn cross-wise over the shoulders

One mourning ornament with hair of deceased inside - worn round the neck

Two other decorations worn in mourning

Two Bamboo knives used in decapitating an enemy, notched to keep the tally of heads cut off by it - one has 5 notches and is stained with blood - the other has 9 notches

Two slings always carried with the above Knives for the purpose of taking home the skulls when severed from the body.

One native Drill for boring holes in shell ornaments etc. Very ingenious.

One Brush for sweeping floor

One Tongs for seizing anything hot

One Wooden Bobbin used in making fishing nets

One Fan

One small Rush Basket

Two Bird-of-Paradise Plumes worn as head-dresses.

Two Carved Figures called Umuruburu, one representing a mgu, the other a woman. Worn round the neck in the native dance.

One carved figure of a woman, called Mimia, used in the initiation of lads - Very difficult to obtain. I secured this one from a chief named Kuruka who is now dead.

One Ear Pendant worn by widow in mourning. Fits round the forehead and the pendants hang at either ear. Made of reeds cut in two - Job's tears.

Two Dugong's Tusks

Two small decorations for the arm made of scented grass

Two carved charms supposed to keep away sickness

One very fine shell nose ornament, & two small ones of bamboo

Two shell armlets worn round the upper arm (biceps) for decoration Also used as money in trading. Considered very valuable by natives

One shell wristlet very difficult to obtain as natives do not like to part with it

Four armlets of boars' tusks, each being made of two tied together

One armlet being an unusual growth of one tusk so as to form a circular armlet

One necklace of crocodile's teeth.

One fine necklace of Dog's teeth

Two fine shell necklaces with pendants

One long necklace of small shells worn round the neck several times

One long necklace of seeds - Job's Tears very pretty

One long necklace of a mixture of shell & some black substance

One neck ornament composed of a black fungus & white shell

One forehead ornament of Dogs' teeth

One forehead ornament of shells - very valuable

Two circular forehead ornaments of white shell as a background and overlaid with carved tortoise-shell worn in centre of forehead

Two circular forehead ornaments other kinds

The ornament worn at back of head composed of dog's teeth and human hair. Difficult to be got.

One carved comb for combing out the hair.

Nine carved combs of different shapes used to decorate the head mostly mounted with a tuft of feathers

Two long feathery arrangements & 1 shorter one worn at the back of the hair

One Bone Fork said to be used for eating human flesh.

One Belt of shells worn in the dance and making jingling noise

One wooden Image (not an idol) used in much the same way as Mimia above mentioned

One Stone Image - same use

Two large water Bottles made from coconut

Two small water Bottles made from coconut

One head ornament of Parrots' feathers

Two netted bags showing two different kinds of native work

One specimen of native cloth together with mallet used in beating it out

One peculiar netted dress worn only by widows in their early mourning

One anklet and similar thing worn just below the knee

Two Head-dresses of cassowary feathers with Bird-of-Paradise plume in the centre

Two head-dresses made entirely of Bird-of-Paradise feathers

Two head-dresses of different shapes

One white head-dress of cockatoo feathers

Two large Head-dresses called Bome, used only in war

One large head-dress used only in the dance

One War Ornament of tortoise-shell, edged with half-circles of white shell, and a centre of seeds. This is held between the teeth to denote ferocity

Two others of a similar use but made of boars tusks, one ornamented with feathers & human hair

Two Belts covered with seeds (Job's Tears) and worn cross-wise over the shoulders. From a tribe, called Tugeri in Dutch

Two daggers made from the leg-bone of the Cassowary.

One instrument for opening coconuts made of same

Musical instruments - 1 panpipe, 1 sort of flute, 2 jews harps, 1 bamboo arrangement unnameable

A goodly number of ear-rings

Two lime gourds (1 large 1 small) used for carrying the lime used in chewing the araca nut.

Two beautifully carved spoons for conveying the lime to the mouth - one is the figure of a man holding a drum and is, I think, a fine piece of workmanship for a New Guinean. Both of Ebony

One Charm (a large bivalve shell tightly closed) used by sorcerors to kill an enemy at a distance of course without touching him. Some incantation is used, with it. It is called "Maid-lu" and the "maid" man who uses it is a much dreaded individual.

Two arm protectors when using bow & arrow, with plumes attached

One shihi or girdle worn round the waist and between legs as a suspender for penis & testicles, with long streamers behind. Made of bark beaten out thin.

Two Belts of the Fly River district

Eight armlets of various kinds from Fly River

Three spears used by Motu tribe. These are thrown by the hand. This tribe has no bows & arrows

Four canoe paddles - 2 from Fly River, 1 from East end, 1 from Tugeri tribe from Dutch N.G.

Two native spades, also used by women in village quarrels

One Fish spear

One fish basket, for catching fish, with opening at the top. It is put quickly down upon the ground in somewhat shallow water, thus enclosing fish, which are taken from opening at the top.

One native carved sword from East end. Made of ebony

Two Bows of different tribes, with 28 arrows of various sorts, some bone-tipped and poisoned, nearly all more or less barbed, and many of them carved. There are two methods of poisoning them one by vegetable poison, the other by the juices from a dead body. The latter far more effective.

One tall mask with grass appendage, worn by Kaivakuku or policeman. He is entirely hid beneath it, and is much dreaded by would-be thieves and other offenders against the unwritten laws.

One beautiful tortoise-shell mask with representation of flying bird on the top, Worn in the dance principally by chief

Two figured wooden shields worn to protect vital part from arrow thrusts. They are so adjusted over the shoulder as to leave both arms free for the use of the bow & arrows.

Two large figured decorations used in Dubu or man's house. Both have large representations of faces.

One smaller figured decoration central figure is also a face

One man-catcher or lasso of cane, with spear run down the centre so that when it is thrown over the head and thrust forward it penetrates the back of the neck.

The pig-catcher or lasso of cane, but not with spear as in that for man

Two stone clubs - one from Motu tribe and one from Maipua. The Motu one has a tuft of feathers at the top and some human hair bound round the handle

Five long feathery ornaments worn in the armlets and reaching up to and above the shoulders

Three long wooden figures flattened at one end for the purpose of opening coconuts

Five womens' & girls grass petticoats, the only covering worn by the women. They are nicely made & dyed different colours

One girdle worn by men of Fly River

One girdle with arrangement at back, worn by bushmen or inland tribes round about the Fly River

Four Bamboo pipes from which tobacco smoke is inhaled. They show the different carving of different tribes

One instrument that makes a whirring sound when used

One fine specimen of native cuscus. It is not properly stuffed, but only sufficiently so to bring home

---

L1289

EB Savage 24.5.1895 Asks PR to send selected photos to him to say what they show, unselected ones can be sent to his mother. Photographs include some from Murray Island

----

L1289

Savage | Ansd by Gray May 27/95

24 Church Road | Richmond | Surrey | 6.5.1895

To General Pitt Rivers | Rushmore

Dear Sir,

If you will send the selected photos to me at the above address, I will write particulars about them, and return to you. Kindly send the unselected ones to my mother.

I am glad you found my salient description of curios of some value.

There were a few photos of Australian aborigines which I took on Murray Island, but I cannot tell if these are among the ones you have selected till they come. I know them all so well that there can be no mistake about locality.

With many thanks
Yours truly
E.B. Savage

Transcribed by AP May/ June 2011

S&SWM PR papers L1041

2011-06-10T09:28:09+00:00

L1041

4 Barnard St. Russell Sq. | London Aug. 29-1894

Dear Sir

I came to London for the express purpose of disposing of a Flint & Stone Collection. It includes about 500 to 600 pieces. First and most noteworthy a group of some 30 examples of [insert] a [end insert] large and heavy type of hand battle clubs and battle axes. The former ([Drawing]) shillehagh shape measure from 7 to 14 ins and weight from 1/9 lb. to near 4 lbs; the battle axes are mitre shaped and weigh from 3 to 5 and even 6 lbs. They were all clearly intended for hand use as there are chippings and hollows adapted thereto. My 30 specimens include from a crudest and least worked to the best shaped and finished; though all were evidently used by warriors who cared more for execution than for show or polish. I think I have been the first to bring these things to light and under notice, and have succeeded in securing the gradation of examples necessary to place any doubt about their authenticity and nature beyond doubt or question. I had spoken of the above, last Xmas, to Mr (now Sir) Franks, who had expressed the desire to see them. But in his absence I find there is now nothing worth troubling much with, the British Museum. And yet not a single specimen is to be seen like it there or anywhere else so far as I know.

A Mr Elliott advised me to write to you. The remainder of my collection contains the usual run of specimens, but a certain number of rare subjects. All come from the South (Sussex) Downs, the groups above said being from a certain spot which is still my own secret, although I think I have exhausted the mine or nearly so. I should be quite happy to send it on approval (with a view to purchase) on condition of carriage being paid both ways if returned, and if bought, that my name should be recorded with the group, which should remain intact.

Your truly
M.F. Michel
B.L.L.

to General Pitt River

Please excuse hurry and mistakes

----

L1188

Michel

Marine View, 30 Marine Terrace Parade | Eastbourne, March 3 - 1895

Dear Sir

I beg the pleasure to address you the photo of a Curious Stone found on the beach here by a Mrs H... from whom I bought it. I should much like to have your opinion about it, in view to dispose of it either for your Museum or in any such manner as would be most likely to render the discovery useful to the advancement of prehistoric studies and researches.

I must say that the photo conveys but a very insufficient idea of the object itself. The original stone must be examined, then only can any one perceive the unmistakeable traces of Man's intentional handiwork, in the fine chippings and carvings. The absence of patina and oxyde of any kind would be explained by the sojourn of the stone in saline water. I should be most happy to send the stone for your inspection at your own convenience. I had written to the editor of an Archaeological paper, but am advised to seek the opinion of an eminent specialist first, previous to any notice from the press.

Yours very truly
M.F. Michel

Card enclosed

Visiting card enclosed making it clear that Michel was French, and gave lessons in French, German, Italian and music. Also that he sold artefacts, there is a list of 'stone weapons, implements, and other wrought objects from prehistoric ages found in 1894 on the Eastbourne Downs and vicinity by M.F. Michel, LL.B., Paris'

Transcribed by AP May/ June 2011

S&SWM PR papers L1038

2011-06-10T08:15:09+00:00

L1038

Ansd Aug 28/94

Chalbury Rectory | Wimborne | Aug 23. 1894

Dear General Pitt Rivers

I am sorry for the delay in sending you a short descriptive label for the hat & bonnets I brought from the West & East Coasts of India & now forward them, hoping they will be sufficient for the purpose.

I also send you an ax head, given me by Mr Rivett Carnac from somewhere near Ghazipur as well as two curious tokens taken by him from a Buddhist tope which he opened. He has now come to England for food & is at 40 Green St, Park Lane & could give you a few further specimens of the kind if you liked. The Rivett Carnac's collection of Indian Peasant women's jewellery is now on view at the Imperial Institute. Mr Senior greatly enjoyed his day at Rushmore & said that its beauties & interests far surpassed the high expectations he had. I return to Town on the 31st.

Yours very sincerely
M.F. Billington

These objects are Add.9455vol3_p1012 /4-6 (the hat and bonnets). The axe head is Add.9455vol3_p1012 /3. The tokens are Add.9455vol3_p1012 /1-2. A tope is ‘An ancient structure, in the form of a dome or tumulus of masonry, for the preservation of relics or in commemoration of some fact; numerous specimens, usually of Buddhist or Jain origin, exist in India and south-eastern Asia.’ [OED] This is John Henry Rivett-Carnac. Mary Billington was a very early English journalist, she seems to have had very friendly and casual relationship with Pitt-Rivers given their disparity in age and rank for the time. Note that the promised labels are not enclosed now.

-----------------

L2537

Wednesday

Dear Gen: Pitt Rivers

Please make any selection you like for enlargement from the accompanying photos of Nepal & its people - you can have ever so many more if you like. I observe that the bills for Aug 26th are out, & so we must keep that date for the papers.

My eldest brother can go to Gaunts & represent the family!

Yours very sincerely
M.F. Billington

Any details you wd like to know about the photos I will gladly supply. Those coloured in wash are among the selection illustrating my article in the September Pearsons Magazine

------------

L2568

Billington

Saturday

Dear Gen Pitt Rivers

Please mount & treat the photographs exactly as you think best. If you wd like any more of my collection I shall be most pleased to send them, I will bring over your brass lamp, & one of the other examples of the rare old hewari work to show if you like. I think you will be able to get a good map of Nepal from Stanfords 32 Cockspurs St W., but there is also an excellent one [insert] on a small scale [end insert] in the Times atlas, & your draughtsman possibly could make an enlargement in bold line from that? And, if you liked to send me that before, I could trace onto it in colour the route one follows to enter the country. The Sisagushi pass is 5,300 & the Chandragiri 6,900 Ht elevation.

I hear that a great friend of mine is going in for the Chief Command of the London Fire Brigade - Would it be asking you too much one day in the course of a week or so, to submit a few words concerning him & his qualifications to Sir John Lubbock, as, the more known about him, the better his chance I think.

Lady Glyn told me yesterday they hoped to get your band on the 26th, so I suppose now the 27th is definitely my fixture

Yours very Truly
M.F. Billington

These photos are not listed in the catalogue of the second collection, they were presumably taken by Mary Billington on her 1895 travels in India. The lamp is not listed in the catalogue of the second collection.

Transcribed for Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project by AP June/ August 2011

S&SWM PR papers L997

2011-06-09T12:04:29+00:00

L997

Ansd. Jan 19/93

Jan'y 18th 1893 | Chalbury Rectory, | Wimborne

My dear Sir,

Would it be convenient to you to call here some day? Our youngest son is home from the Niger, & has brought with him an idol or two, some spears, arrows, [illegible], clothes, caps, He will be much pleased if you will select anything you deem acceptable for any of your Museums.

It is very probable he will shortly go to the Oil Rivers Protectorate, instead of returning to the Niger.

We shall be pleased if Mrs Pitt Rivers will do us the honour of visiting us at the same time.

Believe me
Very faithfully yours
G.H. Billington

It will be a further favour if you will kindly let us know on what day we might hope to see you, lest our Son or ourselves should be from home. He has a large amount of Photos that he took there.

Pitt-Rivers did acquire items from this collection, the son was Horace Walter Leighton Billington. The items are dated 22nd January 1893 so he must have visited very rapidly. See Add.9455vol3_p876 /3-9 for the items

----

L1182

Ansd Feb 24/95

Feb. 21. 95. | Chalbury Rectory, | Wimborne

My dear Sir,

We do not know whether you have in your Museums any "Chewsticks" like the accompanying. My youngest son, the Curator of the Botanical Gardens at Old Calabar, brought them with him the end of last month: but we have all been laid up with Influenza, else you sh'd have had them earlier. He regrets he could not bring you any more valuable or interesting "curios". He will return in May, & keep a look out for you. His work is highly spoken of in a recent "Blue Book". Have you yet seen his Sister's vol. on "Women in India"? We sincerely hope the recent bitter weather has had no baneful effects on Mrs Pitt-Rivers or yourself

Believe me
Very faithfully yours
G.H. Billington

These chewsticks are Add.9455vol3_p1179 /1 and on

----

L1370

Ansd Aug 24/95

Aug. 23.95 | Chalbury Rectory | Wimborne

My dear Sir,

We shall beg your acceptance of the bottle found in digging a grave here this day week.

Will any of the objects named on the opposite page be suitable for the exhibition on Sept 2nd or later days? If so, we will gladly send them as soon as we can ascertain if there is a carrier to Handley the days has gone from Wimborne

We hope it will be a successful show in all respects.

Believe me
Very faithfully yours
G.H. Billington

The bottle is Add.9455vol3_p1203 /1, see here for full details of items for exhibition

L2054

Billington | Ansd Mar. 17/98

March 4th. 1898. | Chalbury Rectory | Wimborne

My dear Sir,

Is the accompanying arrow head of any use to the Museum? My son picked it up in S. Dakota (near Edgemount) lately. When he shewed it to a neighbour, who told him he knew a cave, the floor of which was strewn with Flints: it was not quite near enough for Roland to pay it a visit & examine it. He tells me the modern (Red) Indians make something like them, by heating the Flint or Jade, & applying it gently to a lump of [illegible], which causes the little bits of Flint or Jade to chip off!

We trust Mrs Pitt Rivers & yourself are in good health & with our best respects

I remain
Yours truly
G.H. Billington

Note that this is not Add.9455vol3_p971 /4 an arrowhead from the same area given in September 1893, this is Add.9455vol9_p2347 /17

Transcribed by AP May-July 2011

S&SWM PR papers L987

2011-06-09T11:49:21+00:00

Ans'd Dec 31/ 92

Compton Farm | Enford | Pewsey | Dec 28th

Dear General Pitt Rivers

I am sending a small coin which our shepherd picked up the other day on a mole hill which had just been worked up. I shall be very much obliged if you will tell me, whos head it is engraved on it, the face is wonderfully clear & well cut I suppose it is Roman from the fillet? he has several times found coins when he is up on the downs and he has brought me a lot of pieces of pottery which he has just found, which have been lately plowed up, they are only fragments of different sized vessels, and one bit must have been a very pretty shaped vessel [drawing] and seems to have had a black glaze on it, some are of terra cotta, and the others of a greyish sort of clay, there are one or two bits which look as if they had belonged to the rim of a large sized urn. These bits have all he picked up [sic] close to the down at the top of the farm, which is called Compton down and what is called the old dyke runs along the down close by. I hope you will not mind me sending the coin to you, as I do not know who else to ask about it and we should very much like to know about it, so I shall be most grateful if you will kindly let me know what you think of it, and let me have it back again. Please remember me to Mrs Pitt Rivers

yours truly
Agnes Hussey Fre ... [illegible, could be Fretne?]

Transcribed by AP May/ June 2011

S&SWM PR papers L978

2011-06-09T09:15:30+00:00

Our thanks to Adrian Green, Director of the Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum for allowing us to use the image of Henry P. Blackmore on this page.

{joomplu:875 detail align right}

L978

[Blackmore] | Salisbury | 10 Dec 1892

Dear General Pitt-Rivers,

Just at present I am busy with a lecture on Extinct Mammalia but next week will try and look you out some specimens from our Drift.

We have found no fresh ones for some time past Milford Hill is built over and Bemerton Pits not worked so there is little chance of adding to our local specimens.

Your additions to the village museum must be very instructive & just what is wanted to diffuse a more general knowledge on these subjects. The easiest way of teaching is always through the eye - a specimen gives a clearer and better idea than pages of letter press.

With kind regards
Yours very truly
H.P. Blackmore

-----

L983

[Ansd]

Salisbury | 20 Dec 1892

Dear General Pitt Rivers

By today's parcel post I have sent you a few palaeolithic flint implements from this locality. They are the best we can spare you at present & unless other pits are opened I fear but few more will turn up in the future.

Those from Bemerton gravel are very important as I know of no other English locality which so well shows that man was "preglacial" It is rather remarkable that Lyell, Prestwick & Evans all missed this point, although they recognised the fact that the gravel in which they are found is older than the lower level brick earth which contains the glacial fauna.

This sheet of higher level gravel was spread over the chalk hill long before the spring freshets [?] eroded the Avon & Nadder valleys & deposited the beds of brick earth which clothed the chalk spur on either side. The age of this brick earth is abundantly proved by the presence of Mammoth [insert] Rhinoceros [end insert] Reindeer, musk ox, lemming spermophilus and arctic fox. The most numerous assemblage of arctic animals from a single locality, yet found in England.

With kind regards & the good wishes of the season
Yours very truly
H.P. Blackmore

----

L1106

Ansd, Nov. 22/94

Salisbury | 16 Nov 1894

Dear General Pitt Rivers

I am very pleased to hear from Mr Doran Webb that there is a chance of your giving us another lecture at the [Blackmore] Museum.

I am writing to ask you to fix an early date as possible - would about 3 weeks hence be too soon for you? Then are lectures promised after Xmas, but we want to fill up the time before that date.

As to subjects we should be glad to have anything you have worked up lately if that would in any way help you. A chapter in Early Romano British country life as illustrated by grave excavations at Woodcutts & other places in your district would suit us nicely & you have all the material so much at your finger ends that would be very little trouble to you.

I need hardly add that it would afford me pleasure to give you a bed for the Night & in my house you can always do just as you please

With kind regards
Yours very truly
H.P. Blackmore

-----

L1112

Salisbury | 25 Nov 1894

Dear General Pitt Rivers

I am very sorry to hear you do not feel well enough to give us a lecture. Doran Webb mentioned that you did not like to enter into a long engagement & that was why it struck me that you might possibly be able to give us a lecture at once - however we must put up with the loss, as of course everything must & ought to give way to your health & convenience.

With regard to what you say about the Bronze Age - it is clearly a point that wants careful working out.

Of course one side of the question is whether Bronze was introduced entirely by a conquering & intrusive race - this was clearly so in some parts of England but would hardly apply to Ireland.

Whereever the Bronze people conquered & took possession of the land they would naturally occupy the old Neolithic settlement & camps

I only wish you could have thoroughly explored Old Sarum - for this spot [insert] above all others [end insert] would probably have given good results and it would have been most interesting to see how the early ramparts had been altered, improved & added to by the various occupants.

Yours very truly
H.P. Blackmore

Henry Purnell Blackmore, brother of William Henry Blackmore who founded the Blackmore Museum at Salisbury, he was a doctor in Salisbury and an archaeologist. Blackmore did provide artefacts to Pitt-Rivers very quickly, 6 stone tools obtained from the gravels at Bemerton and Milford Hill were accessioned in the catalogue of the second collection in November 1892 [sic], see Add.9455vol3_p875 /11 and on

Transcribed by AP May/ June 2011

S&SWM PR papers L974

2011-06-07T15:37:32+00:00

[Borley]

Grosvenor Arms Hotel Shaftesbury | Nov 28th 92

To Lieut Genl. Pitt-Rivers

Sir,

I beg you will accept my very best thanks for the magnificent book on King Johns House, that you kindly sent me for the information of my visitors.

All who have seen it say it is one of the finest works they ever perused.

Yours obedtly
R.W. Borley

Transcribed by AP May/ June 2011

S&SWM PR papers L940

2011-06-07T12:23:14+00:00

Ansd Oct 6/ 92

Thorpe Lea | Egham, Surrey | Oct 3rd 1892

Dear General Pitt Rivers

I [illegible] the "Basque Cross" I brought it from St Jean de Luz It is oen of those born by the peasants of the Basque provinces each can always be recognized by the 3 emblems of the "Sacre Coeur" [?] attached at the top & the impression of the Virgin & Sainte Espirit" on the cross itself.

Pray do not bother to acknowledge it. I hope you will think it sufficiently interesting to add to yr collection of French peasant jewellery in the museum

Yours truly
Ida Blackett

Would you tell [illegible] I will let [illegible] today if the children can return to Thorp [illegible] & I will write what he says tonight

This is Add.9455vol3_p858 /2

Transcribed by AP May/ June 2011

S&SWM PR papers L918

2011-06-07T08:04:34+00:00

L918

Eastbury | Blandford

My dear General

When I was at Rushmore you told me you believed that I should find a copy of the Chase map that hangs in King John's House in the book you kindly gave me, which deals with your excavations at Woodcuts. But I cannot find it there only a map of a small portion round Rushmore. I wish if you have a spare copy of the map I might have it. Birdsmore Gate, an old turnpike in Marshwood parish, well bears out your interpretation of "more" for a border, as it is situated at the entrance to Marshwood vale.

Now you have made so many discoveries you ought to be able to form a pretty clear idea of the daily life of our predecessors here. You ought to write a short magazine article on it, not referring to your discoveries but based on them, a little fiction mixed in, on which to base your tale. A Briton at Rotherly making love to a girl at Woodcuts. You could show us how they dressed, their ornaments, their horses, the mode of life, their means of locomotion, the character of the land round &c &c. All this would immensely interest us & then the learned would pick holes in your tale, as improbable & you would then prove them wrong by the production of your various proofs in your collection. Excuse all this &

Believe me truly yours
Henry R. Farquharson

Sept: 5th 1892

mix in an attack from Romans or a neighbouring tribe, & a bit from their religion, money, news from Rome or London, a funeral, if they used the Roman road

Copy Reply [typed]

Copy | Rushmore | Salisbury | Sept. 7th, 1892.

Dear Mr. Farquharson

The Map is in my description of King John's House. I thought you had a copy, but I have desired that one should be sent.

As regards your suggestion to mix up fiction with archaeological research, such a proceeding might perhaps suit you, as you say so yourself. But no archaeologist of any repute would think of doing such a thing. It is the thing of all others that he would be most careful to avoid.

With respect to the coins you spoke about, I have not seen Mr Newman since. He brought it to me to be identified, and I did not understand that he presented it to me, although it is very likely he did, as a great number of people in this neighbourhood do the like. But it is really not of the slightest interest to me, and if you are anxious to have it, you are very welcome to it. If, as I understand, he found it in his Church, I should doubt however your having any claim to it as Lord of the Manor.

Yours truly
A. Pitt Rivers

There does not appear to be a coin from a Mr Newman in the catalogue of the second collection, so perhaps it was returned or sent to Farquharson

----

L922

Eastbury Park | Blandford

My dear General

Thank you very much for the book you have kindly sent me containing with many other things the Chase maps.

I am rather afraid by the tone of your letter to me that you were rather offended at my suggestion to you for popularizing your very interesting life-work. History, religious thought, & other serious matters have come to be more popular when dressed in fiction & I am quite sure, if only someone capable would undertake it, much might be done by adopting my suggestion to you.

You took my talk too seriously as to the Hinton coin. Many more people will see it in your Museum than in my house & I know of course I have no claim to it.

Before very long now I shall be carting away the mound by the Chettle Lodge if it is likely to interest you I will let ou know the time

Truly yours
Henry R. Farquharson

Sept. 10th 1892

The mystery of the coin deepens as there are no coins (or any other items) from a Newman and no coins from Hinton. Henry Richard Farquharson (1857-1895) was an English landowner and Conservative politician who lived on a large estate at Tarrant Gunville. He donated an item to Pitt-Rivers in 1895 see Add.9455vol3_p1139 /1

-----

L1164

Eastbury

My dear General

Thank you for your letter and photograph. If the things you want are to be got in Ceylon I dare say I shall come across them. Anyhow, I will do my best.

In about three weeks I shall be enjoying the warmth of the Red Sea, a slight difference from this climate.

The "National Review" editor has accepted from me an article on Tithes: as it deals with matters of interest to landowners, I hope you will see it but it may not appear for a month or even two. Please remember me to all at Rushmore & Believe me

Truly yours
Henry R Farquharson

Jan'y 27th 1895

See Add.9455vol3_p1139 /1, the only item got from Farquharson after his visit to Sri Lanka in 1895

Transcribed by AP, May / June 2011 for the Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project

S&SWM PR papers L894

2011-06-06T14:45:00+00:00

Melbury Lodge | Wimborne | 7 July 1892

Dear Sir,

As I am told that you have a Museum you may like to know that I have a quantity of Curiosities which I wish to dispose of before I leave this House next month.

I have many S. African and Soudan assegais, shields, and ornaments & utensils as well as knives, daggers, and more like things from the Crimea, India and West Coast of Africa, with many natural curiosities from different countries.

If you think it worth while to come here to see them I should be glad to part with them for a small sum - rather than drag them about with me -

I have a very [insert] fine [end insert] collection of exotic [illegible] and [illegible], as well as a splendid lot of dried exotic ferms, but I do not know if any of those things are of interest to you.

I would gladly send my carriage to meet any train at Wimborne Station my home is an [2 words illegible] a short mile from the station

You will I am sure excuse my writing to you as Collectors are often very pleased to hear of [illegible] thins being in the market

Yrs faithfully
John Randall *
Colonel

It does not seem that Pitt-Rivers acquired this collection

* The signature looks more like Mandah, but this site suggests that is Randall, judging by references to Colonel Randall at Melbury Lodge in 1891.

Transcribed for Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project by AP June 2011

S&SWM PR papers L875

2011-06-06T13:31:50+00:00

[Ready]

55 Rathbone Place | London, W. | May 31st 1892

To General Pitt-Rivers

Dear Sir,

Herewith I send you the lots I have obtained for you from the sale of today. On the other side I enumerate the various lots and give you their sale prices. Two or three lots so exceeded your commissions that I had to leave them to others, but in each case I was the underbidder.

Lot 244 I obtained for £2.2.0 some shillings over your price and consequently should you not wish to have it please return it to me

Dear Sir Yours [illegible]
Wm. Talbot Ready

Lots bought

223 -.11.0

244 2.2.0

283 9.0

284 3.10.0

385 8.0

396 7.0

398 7.0

400 10.0

405 1.2.0

406 1.0.0

407 14.0

Lot missed

Commissions Sold for

213 £1.0.0 £4.0.0

245 15.0 1.10.0

328 1.0.0 2.17.0

This appears to be the items bought at the Sotheby's sale at Wellington Street, the Strand London on 31 May 1892, 'Sale of Old English Pottery, Greek & Roman Vases, &c Collection of G.H. Vize Esq' see Add.9455vol3_p826 /5 and on.

Transcribed for Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project by AP June 2011

S&SWM PR papers L873

2011-06-06T12:55:29+00:00

Society of Arts | John Street, Adelphi, | London, W.C. | May 26 1892

Dear Sir

The writer of the enclosed is a member of the Society. You will see at the end of this letter he asks me to send it on to you, which I have pleasure in doing.

Yours faithfully
H.J. Wood
Secretary

Genl. Pitt-Rivers F.R.S. | Rushmore, Salisbury

Enclosure:

[Ans'd 26]

5 Church Court | Clements Lane | London E.C. May 25th 1892

My Dear Sir

Mr George Joslin of Beverley Road Colchester has placed his private museum of Anglo Roman Antiquities in my hands for sale. This collection included a very fine memorial stone with the figure of a Roman Centurion of the 20th Legion half life size in high relief under a canopy with inscription also a series of figurines & statuettes in terra cotta etc etc arranged in 126 groups & catalogued by the late John Edward Price. F.S.A. F.R.S.L. in 1888 as 1241 pieces also 688 Roman coins consisting of large middle & small brass 70 of which are silver or billon also 326 other coins (Roman) in bad condition.

The town of Colchester have offerred [sic] £2000 for this collection which is all they can raise for such a purpose but as Mr Joslin values this collection at considerably more than double this price he does not feel that he can [insert] afford to [end insert] sacrifice it to his town for such a figure although he would have gladly made a considerable reduction for such an object

It at once occurred to me that you are more likely than anyone else to know who amongst our many antiquities is seeking such a collection & I have therefore ventured to give you the foregoing particulars If you do not may I beg the favour of your passing this letter with a few lines to Major Pitt Rivers whose interesting lecture at the society of arts upon the same subject leads me to think he will be interested in endeavouring to keep this collection in England & not allow it to be sent to America as is Mr Joslin's intention as to final resource.

Apologizing for troubling you in such a matter believe me to be

Yours very faithfully
Oliver J. Williams

To: The secretary the Society of Arts

Pitt-Rivers does not seem to have taken Williams or Joslin up on his offer, the collection was eventually sold to Colchester Museum, find out more about it in this PDF on page 8, 'Mr Joslin's pride and joy' by James Fawn and an illustration of the tombstone of Marcus Favonius Facilis of the XX Legion.

Transcribed by AP, June 2011

S&SWM PR papers L863

2011-06-03T14:37:44+00:00

Unofficial | S. Kensington Museum | 13 May 1892

Dear General Pitt Rivers

You perhaps remember some primitive Indian Ploughs once on view here in which you showed an interest. They have been stored away for some time & as they do not fall within any of the existing sections of the Museum I believe "The Lords" would not be unwilling to present them to any Inst'n desirous of having them. They would cover about 30 f. x 15 f. floor space.

Will you be so good as to say if you think they would be acceptable at Oxford or elsewhere within your ken?

I will then move officially in the matter

Yours faithfully
A.C. King

Transcribed by AP May 2011 for the Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project

S&SWM PR papers L848

2011-06-03T13:23:40+00:00

L848

British Museum London W.C. | April 7 1892

My dear Pitt Rivers

I have been visiting [?] to hear from Mr Tomlinson about the glass from the tombs near Nazareth. He has now written & accepts the £18 for the specimens you [illegible] He does not however seem anxious to part with any more as he is able to get better price at Liverpool than here. Probably owing to the ignorance of the Liverpudlians. I have had the glass packed & sent it herewith you can send me a cheque to Mr. T.E. Tomlinson.

I am sending you at the same time two Japanese pots. J.125 is from the Gowland Coll'n which he made in Japan. The precise locality is uncertain. Inside are the Corean style of marks. Probable date before 8th century A.D. No more specimens are to be had as the Government have stopped all excavations in old tombs; at least so says Mr Basil Hale Chamberlain. The other specimen is from the collection made by Siebold the younger & is nice on account of the remains of glaze in the bowl; said to be due to the wood used in baking. It was found at Tampo-ichi province of Yamoto & may be even older than the other. Satow wrote an account of this early pottery with illustrations in Asiatic Soc. Japan about 10 years ago.

I do not see why I should not pay for the little red pot, as it was only in those terms I asked for to sell it to me [sic]

[illegible salutation]
Augustus W. Franks

See Add.9455vol3_p799 /2 and on for these items of glassware, Add.9455vol3_p795 /6 for the Gowland pot and Add.9455vol3_p795 /7 for the other

----

L855

[Ansd]

British Museum | W.C. 25 April 1892

My dear Pitt Rivers

I send you the parcel of flints from Le Moustier & hope it will reach you in time.

As you know this station stands nearly by itself in France, as there are a few implements of the true drift type found there, of which however I have none to spare. They are not of the St Acheul thick & pointed type, but flat oval implements like Abbeville. One of the Peculiarities of Le Moustier are the strange choppers, of which I send you two good examples, & which are not unlike the flints from one station in Suffolk.

Ever yours truly
Augustus W. Franks

I would also send you a smaller series of flints from B... [illegible] found [illegible] wonderful carvings in mammoth ivory & reindeer horn, but they are of [illegible] cave forms & small

---------------

L973

British Museum W.C. | Nov 26. 1892

My dear Pitt-Rivers

I have never heard from you whether I can have the pleasure of seeing you at my dinner on Wednesday next, Holborn Restaurant, 6.45 or not & I scarcely like filling up your place til I hear that you are not coming.

Yours truly
Augustus W. Franks

Transcribed by AP May/ June 2011 for Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project

S&SWM PR papers L834

2011-06-03T12:24:40+00:00

L834

[Answered]

Southview
Salisbury
March 11 1892

Dear Sir

Knowing that you are interested in primitive sorts of tools, I have sent you by parcel post a Pig Butcher's "Scud", thinking it [insert] may [end insert] perhaps do for your museum at Farnham, (in case you may not already have a similar thing there).

These tools are used in the neighbourhood of Reading where I saw a number of them in a shop window last week - and could not imagine their use till told that they were made there for removing the hair and "trotters" from the pigs, after being scalded.

The butchers in this neighbourhood, and very generally throughout Wilts have been in the habit of using for the same purpose the sharp edge of the foot of an upright candlestick, I have often seen them using this but had never seen the "scud" till last week, but probably you may be already acquainted with it.

Hoping you have recovered from your illness

I am Dear Sir
Yours very truly
James Brown

Genl Pitt Rivers

This is Add.9455vol3_p775/ 5

L836

Southview
Salisbury
March 14 1892

Dear Sir

Thank you for your letter. I quite think with you that the "scud" with the [illegible] edge added is simply a survival of the earlier use of the hoof alone. I now send you by parcel post an old worn out one, on which I can [illegible] observe [illegible] of the hairs still remaining round the rivets and you will find with it one of the old candlesticks which I have often seen used for a similar purpose.

This [insert] (the candlestick) [end insert] is very generally used throughout this part of Wiltshire and you would be surprised to see what an efficient tool it makes for removing the hair

I know there is still another kind of tool in use for the same work and if I come across one you shall have it to make the exhibit complete

Your museum is a most useful one. I only wish it was nearer here.

If I can chance to meet with any uncommon looking tool likely to be of use, I will always feel a pleasure in sending it to you

Yours very truly
James Brown

This is Add.9455vol3_p776/ 1 and Add.9455vol3_p776/ 2 respectively

L866

[Ansd July 3/ 92]

Southview
Salisbury
May 16. 1892

Dear Sir

I am sending you today by parcel post another tool formerly used in Wiltshire for sraping [sic] pigs, thinking you may perhaps like to place it with the old candlestick also used for the same purpose, and which I sent to you two or three weeks ago

The hook is of course for pulling off the "trotters"

Yours very truly
James Brown

Genl Pitt Rivers F.R.S. &c

This is Add.9455vol3_p833/ 3

L1040

Ansd Aug 28/94

Southview
Salisbury
Aug 25. 1894

Dear Sir,

I have this day sent you by parcel post an old lock from an old church door at Shrewton. There is not much to interest in it I fear, but such as it is, you are most welcome to it. The key seems to fit, but it appears to me not to be the original one, as I fancy it looks more modern than the lock.

I have seen today a fine old lock which was taken from the chief door of the Fisherton Goal when it was pulled down some years ago. it is a large lock somewhere about 15 in & 10 as far as I can remember, and must have cost a lot of money when new. The key has wards at either end and the whole thing is in good working order & it belongs to Mr Lloyd the ironmonger here and I see he has it marked at 30/- but I have no doubt he would sell it for much less than that. If you happen to want a lock for a large door or gate, this would be a good one for the purpose, and if you wished it, I should be pleased to get it at the lowest price.

I am Sir
Yours truly
James Brown

Genl Pitt Rivers F.R.S. &c

The first key is Add.9455vol3_p1013 /6

Transcribed for Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project by AP June 2011

S&SWM PR papers L794

2011-06-02T14:07:02+00:00

L794

34 Charing Cross Road
Leicester Square
London W.C. Dec'br 8th 1891

Please address: Geo. R. Harding

Harold Gray Esq.

Dear Sir

In reply to your favour I beg to say that General Pitt Rivers is mistaken about the Tiles.*

I bought them in October 1887 from an employé [sic] of the Indo-European Telegraph Coy. who himself bought them from the interior of Persia where they were stolen from a ruined Mosque or other temple, the building being watched by soldiers who instantly shot any person doing so, but that these were obtained during the night; they are Persian of the 12th Cent. I sold several to the British Museum** and others to various private collectors.

I may add that there are only 3 tiles now left in stock

I am Dear Sir
Yours obediently
Geo. R. Harding

* the tiles in question are Add.9455vol2_p362 /1 and on

** There are several tiles in the BM collections from George R. Harding, an example is 1888,0109.5

L847

34 Charing Cross Road
Leicester Square
London W.C. Apl 7th 1892

Please address: Geo. R. Harding

General Pitt Rivers

Sir,

In reply to your note of yesterday I desire to withdraw any charge whatever for my time in naming and dating the specimens, but at the same time I must explain that the charge made is less than one half of what I am often willingly paid for such work as I do not go out for less than Five guineas per day.

Trusting that this unfortunate misunderstanding will not make any difference in the future

I beg to remain

Your obed't servant

Geo. R. Harding

P.S. I think I have made out what the French faience plates are and will bring the specimens tomorrow at 11 a.m.

L906a

[Ansd Oct 6/ 92]

34 Charing Cross Road
Leicester Square
London W.C. Aug 15th 1892

Please address: Geo. R. Harding

General Pitt Rivers

Sir,

I beg to acknowledge the receipt of your cheque value £15.5.0 in payment of the enclosed and for which I am greatly obliged.

I take this opportunity of bringing to your notice a very curious specimen of Esquimaux work viz a Whalebone Bow used for drilling engraved on both sides with figures and animals illustrating the Seal Fishery, Walrus hunting etc, and should be happy to shew it if favoured by a call at your convenience

I am Sir

Your obedient Serv't

Geo. R. Harding

This is Add.9455vol3_p867 /2

Transcribed for Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project by AP June 2011

S&SWM PR papers L786

2011-06-02T13:11:50+00:00

L786

[Ans'd Dec. 3/91]

Thames Bank, | Gt. Marlow | Bucks. | Dec. 1. 91.

Sir,

I heard from Mr Gosselin / R. Archaeological Inst'e/, this morning, that you had been making enquiries concerning my collection of Scandinavian objects lately exhibited there, especially the Tapestry.

I am sorry to say the whole collection is for sale, as my Father means to dispose of this house, & I am not likely to have space &c. for its wherever I settle.

The British Museum have bought all the prehistoric Norwegian things & a few medieval - viz (in the catalogue) Nos. 3 to 69 inclusive [insert] also Icelandic bone-skates No. 184 [end insert];* the S. Kensington have bought 3 Tapestry sleigh-cushions Nos. 202, 205, 206; & have not yet made up their minds whether they will take the Lapland hand-weaving apparatus, No. 152.**

Balfour, for you Oxford collection has bought the Danish Kitchen Midden things, Nos. 1 & 2. Iron spade tip, 135. Root-rope. 137. Seven Lapland bone spoons 154-160. Lapland needle case 165. Lapland modern snaphaunce rifle 173. Iceland stone hammer 188. ***

I do not myself know the market value of these things, & have been puzzled to put a price on the things already sold.

I am
Faithfully yours
Alfred Heneage Cocks

Balfour would have bought several other things, he says the funds at his disposal are exhausted.

Gen. Pitt-Rivers FRS &c.

* These items include 1891,1021.111 (bone skates)

** A search of the V&A online collections database cannot identify these items

*** These items are 1891.56.1-9 and 2 items found unaccessioned in 2005, 200579.1-2.

Note that Pitt-Rivers did not acquire any of this collection.

-----

L1052

Thames Bank, | Gt. Marlow | Bucks. | Sept. 17.94

Dear Gen. Pitt Rivers,

I have packed up, ready to send off by railway tomorrow, the 6 Norwegian tapestry counterpanes. I cannot find my note of the name of the house where the piece "G" came from; but shall doubtless come across it eventually: but meanwhile as "Skjager" is the parish the name of the actual house would perhaps have no great interest to you.

I am sending (by post) a copy of the Brit: Assoc: Report on the Wild Cattle; & also a copy of the catalogue of my Scandinavian Exhibition of 1891 *, which I hope may interest you.

All the pieces of tapestry have been in my possession upwards of 10 years, & very few are likely to be in the market in future. All the parishes whence they come, are in Gunbrands Dalen; & they were probably woven in one or other of the two parishes, Vaage & Lom.

I was much disappointed to learn that you had some of the old blood of the White Cattle, & then to fail to see them: I must hope for better luck on my next visit to Farnham,; as one of the British public, allow me to thank you for providing so much of interest, with every facility for seeing it.

I hope you will try Reindeer again: I cannot help thinking that with some contrivances, & looking after, they ought to be capable of being nursed through 2 or 3 English summers; & probably after about that time they would have become acclimatized.

Yrs very faithfully
Alfred H. Cocks

* Still enclosed with the letter, it is the catalogue of the 'Scandinavial Exhibition of Antiquities and Other Objects collected by Alfred Heneage Cocks. on view at The Royal Archaeological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland June 1st 1891'

These items are not part of the second collection, or at least they were not catalogued in the CUL catalogue.

----

L1059

Gt. Marlow | Bucks. | Sept. 23.94

Dear Gen. Pitt Rivers,

I sent you a telegram yesterday, in reply to yours; & I hope to hear from you in the course of another day, or two, of the safe arrival of the tapestry. It being rather a bulky package, I thought it best to send it by goods train, & I daresay with its many changes of truck, it would take some days to accomplish the journey.

Yours very truly
Alfred H. Cocks

----

L1061

Gt. Marlow | Bucks. | Sept. 28.94

Dear Gen. Pitt Rivers,

I was glad to hear by second post of the safe arrival of the tapestry, as it was a very long time on the road.

I enclose formal receipt on the other side another sheet. In answer to your questions, the origin of the designs of these tapestries has always rather puzzled me: but I do not think they originated with the fabricators, who would be merely "housewives" of a class between what we understand by farmer & peasant proprietor. There are certain details which would be quite unfamiliar to them up country in Norway, in the early (or even middle) part of the 17th century: e.g. the elephant &c, on the oval border of one of Three-Holy-Kings, pieces; & the ostrich feather in the Queen of Sheba's hand: but as the Reformation of Norway had not taken place so very long before then tapestries began to be made, there would still have been a good many ecclesiastical paintings, carvings &c, to suggest subjects, to which they originated borders & other accessories. The Wise-v-foolish-Virgins being evidently the most popular subject, is far more conventionalised than the others.

I should suppose they were worked in looms but little different from those still common in Norway, Sweden & Finland, but I am afraid I don't know the right name for the particular kind.

The names we know these tapestries by, up country, are simply

ET HOJ SAEDE TAEPPE = A Throne coverlet, or SENG-TAEPPE = A Bed do. or A counterpane. while VAEVNADE prefixed [insert] (following the article) [end insert] explains they are woven.

Your last qn I cannot answer, as I do not know the embroidered Icelandic counterpanes, & overlooked your specimens I suppose.

I was in Reading on Tuesday, & (as usual) visited the Museum for the Silchester things - & found that photographs are now to be had in the town, of the Ogam stone - you might like copies to give some idea of the language spoken (I presume?) by your Romano Britons.

Yours very truly
Alfred H. Cocks

The Icelandic tapestries are presumably the rugs Pitt-Rivers obtained from Sigidr Magnusson, see Add.9455vol2_p520 /1 and on.

Transcribed by AP May/ June 2011 for the Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project

S&SWM PR papers L775

2011-05-31T14:24:33+00:00

L775

Cranborne | 20 Nov '91

Dear General

I take the liberty of sending you some rough outlines of a few antique relics that have lately come into my possession from a friend of Wimborne where they were found; on the site, I am told of the old Town Mill, which originally belonged to the Monastery, & stood near the river south of the Town. The things are in a good state of preservation & having been found at a spot within [illegible insert] the outer boundary of Cranborne Chase I thought they might afford you the greater interest; at any rate I will with pleasure request yr. acceptance for either yr Tollard or Farnham Museum on receipt of yr reply favouring the presentation, & would sned them as soon as an opportunity offers.

In reference to my sketches I will just observe that the Spur is a good specimen I should think of the Norman period: & is an excellent example of the "Prick Spur". At the extremity of one of the arms there are two small rivets which no doubt fastened the strap of or attachment to the boot. The other things consist principally of knives which are in good preservation, with the exception of the loss of their bone or wooden handles. Fig. 11 is, I think, a most interesting example of an early pocket knife, which was evidently invented before the use of the spring. The handle consists of two iron plates which form both sheath & handle, the blade still in situ & is apparently sound, but I have not attempted to open it. Fig. 8 is a Fork, which retains its handle, apparently formed of bone. Fig. 9 is either an implement or weapon, it reminds me of the Angon, Teutonic javelin figured by C.R. Smith in Coll Antiq vol 5. pl. XI but being neither barbed nor socketed I suppose it was not intended for use as a weapon. There are several other things of less note, as, Two antique keys, (good) - Two large headed nails three rings two of these, the largest, I thought might be brass or bronze. but on lightly rubbing with fine sandpaper I thought they were metallic and had been gilt.

I should put down these articles of late Norman or early English, 11th or 12th century. But I should like to know what you think of them. I had almost forgotten a queer sort of iron article which I take to be a weighing machine.

I would take the things to the Museum myself but fear the reason is too far advanced for me to venture so far.

Believe me, Dear Gen'l
Yours very truly
T.W. Wake Smart

These items are Add.9455vol3_p837 /1 and on, not received by Pitt-Rivers until July 1892

Enclosure

Cranborne | Wednesday evening

Dear Dr Smart

Mrs Hopkins says the knives were found about 10 or 12 feet underground when they were excavating at the Mill she says "the knife" is rather like some that Gen'l Pitt-Rivers has at King John's House I will at once write to Mrs Hopkins and ask her if she knows any thing further about them

Believe me
Dear Dr Smart
Yours sincerely
Bessie M. Deane

Articles placed in my hands my Mrs Deane at request of Mrs Hopkins Oct 25 1891

6 Knives (no handles)
1 very curious knife in its sheath iron
1 Fork with bone handle
1 implement or weapon (angon?)
1 chisel
1 prick-spur
3 rings - two of them brass
2 long nails
1 very large headed do
2 keys
1 article perhaps for weighing things as viz steelyard

JWWS

-----

L782

Cranborne 25 Nov. '91

Dear General

I quite omitted to mention that I have also several bits of pottery which are said to have been found with the other things, each of them shews strong glaze of common yellowish colour. I made particulars requests to be favoured with further details of the find, but I have received no other than the things were found in an excavation 10 or 12 ft deep on the site of the old Town Mill.

It would give me much pleasure if you favoured me with a call, but it is a long drive and the days are short, and I could send a parcel to you by our [illegible] Cart to Long Critchel if you can get it from thence. I have sent you a copy of my paper in the forthcoming Vol: of the Field Club, recently received from the Printer, if you will kindly accept it. I think you will say that Mr Monke's drawings of the [illegible] are remarkably well done.

I must trouble you with a postscript to this note in reference to yr mention of Bokerley and am, dear General,

Yours very truly
T.W.W. Smart

[PS not transcribed]

The catalogue of the second collection does not include reference to this pottery, they are mentioned in the entry, it is not clear whether Pitt-Rivers took them or not, the rest of the items were in the second collection.

-----

L784

Cranborne | Thursday Nov. 26/ 91

Dear General

I am extremely sorry to bore you with another note today, but it is necessary to me to do so in consequence of some information I have received this afternoon from the young person who brought me the things from her friend in Wimborne, she certainly gave me to understand that I might do what I pleased with them. The owner being a stranger to me I thought the treatment way almost too liberal, but I took her at her word. I am now told that she w'd wish to have them again, & I have requested the young person to write to her friend by today's post & let her know how matters stand, viz that I have offered them to you for the Farnham Museum and that you would gladly accept them. Whether the owner (Mrs Hopkins) in Wimborne is fishing for a honorarium I do not know but it looks like it. I hope I shall know her answer very soon, & will immediately on receipt let you know. I need hardly say that this worries me very much but I hope it will be soon made straight. The things will certainly remain in my hands for second day to come & I should be pleased to shew them to you

Yours truly
T.W.W. Smart

Lieut Genl A Pitt Rivers FRS &c

-----

L793

Cranborne 8 Dec. '91

Dear General

I have been patiently waiting since the date of my last note I troubled you with, for instructions concerning Mrs Hopkins's Antiquities from the lady herself, and am now able to enclose a letter from her which has been handed to me this morning by her friend Miss Deane You will see that its [insert] as [end insert] I had suspected, and that I have been deceived, unintentionally no doubt, by what passed in conversation with Miss Deane at our first interview on the subject I certainly understood from her that I was quite at liberty to do what I pleased with the antiques, and in reply to a question as to whether any "consideration" was expected I was decidedly answered in the negative, of which I have the witness of my wife. I felt the greatest pleasure in offering the things for your Museum, and the disappointment I now feel is commensurate. I can understand now that the poor lady was in great trouble when she sent [insert] them [end insert] to me. Her husband, who has been a respectable tradesman in Wimborne, is now in the hands of his creditors, all his property has been sold, & he is gone no-one knows where. His wife has fortunately some little property of her own. The things are still in my possession, & I will keep them until I hear from you. If you have any wish to negotiate for their purchase, I shall be happy to be made use of, if you would not prefer direct communication with Mrs Hopkins herself, whose present address is in her letter.

With very great regrets for the unfortunate contre temps

Believe me
Yours sincerely
T.W.W. Smart

Lieut Gen'l A. Pitt Rivers FRS

Enclosure

Collingwood | [illegible] Road | Bournemouth | Dec'r 5th

Dear Miss Deane

I did not intend parting with the old things but should have no object to do so if I could get a good price for them as my [illegible] are so [illegible] & I paid the men for each thing as they found them I do not know if I told you that in accounting at [illegible] Mill they came upon a perfect /? [illegible] of a building of splendid black (oak in perfect condition) I will [illegible] General Pitt Rivers could have seen it before it was built over

With best love
Believe me to [illegible]
Yours very sincerely
E.A. [or E.R.] Hopkins

L888

[Ans'd June 30/ 92]

Cranborne | June 29 '92

Dear Sir,

I am delighted to tell you that Mrs Hopkins has accepted the terms offered, and I will enclose her letter for the General. I shall send her my cheque for £1 by today's post, and the General's cheque [illegible] I shall forward to my banker in Salisbury. This has terminated what has been to me a worry. The things have been packed for months past, & ready to go to the Museum at any moment. The small box might go very well by Parcel post, though safer to my mind by private hands. Communication between this place & the Museum is not to be relied on - in the course of a few days I might have an opportunity of sending them by my nephew Mr Van, but at present I cannot say for certain when. I would take them to the Museum myself, but at the present time I do not feel very well & able to do so. Will you let me know what the General would wish?

Yours very truly
J.W.W. Smart
Harold SG. Gray Esq

Collingwood | West Cliff | Bournemouth | June 28th

Dear Sir

I am willing to accept Gen'l Pitt Rivers offer for the antiquarian relics & am sorry that they should have been a source of trouble to you but I have been waiting for some offer to be made me for them which is not more I think than [2 words illegible] I gave the men a shilling for each thing found

Believe me remain
Yours truly
E.A. [or E.R.] Hopkins

Transcribed by AP May / June 2011

S&SWM PR papers L767

2011-05-31T12:51:25+00:00

L767

[Ansd Nov 7 / 91 Photo x catalogue returned]

Dear Sir,

I have for sale a very fine and beautiful collection of Stone Implements from the West Indies which I wish to bring before your notice.

Perhaps you will excuse my mentioning the Reason of my leaving my Museum & the difficulties which I have had to go through - my Landlord of the whole Block of buildings containing my Museum failed & I had to pay the whole of the rent due to him about 300£ per quarter. I not sleeping on the premises & not coming within the Lodgers Act - I paid it twice when [illegible] my position was untenable the whole of my Museum which I had spent so much on was lost to me & every thing in it. I shall soon however have other business premises when I will send my new Circular - ad interim letters addressed to me 166 Wardour St find me. The collection I have at present in hand is really a very fine one more particularly through the condition of the implements which is the finest for their class I have seen.

They were collected during a lifetime by a French Engineer who resided at the Islands. He brought them to France exhibiting them at the Trocadero & other Exhibitions receiving 5 medals.

During his lifetime it was impossible to buy them he asking no less than 400£ then descending to 250£. He died they went to a relation who being dead also they have again gone into strange hands & I am now in a position to sell the whole for 120£.

They are arranged up on Tablets [illegible] by brass bands.

Although I have not Photo's of the whole I have secured Photo's [sic] of 9 tablets, out of 14, which I have the Honor of enclosing for your inspection herewith. You will see at once there are some very fine weapons the large axe in centre of No 6 measures no less than 14 inches in length whilst the fine axe shaped one Photo nNo. 12 measures over 12 inches in length. The half moon smooth implements are very rare I believe. I enclose also a complete catalogue of the collection which you will see numbers 250 specimens.

I regret there is no Photo of series 14 which in my mind is one of the not the best [sic] There are 27 on this Tablet

I have secured the Collection & will guarentee to ship it free of carriage & at the price stated. If you purchased the collection it would have the effect of reinstating me very quickly nearly at once in business & for which I should always be grateful.

Next spring I shall have for Sale a very large & important collection certainly finer than any that for years has been in the market.

I have not dilated upon the specimens as you will see very quickly what they are but I wish particularly to say that accept the 53 specimens mentioned at the end of the catalogue all are in very fine condition not rough specimens but on the contrary the smooth were polished & evidently the pick of what the Islands produce.

I certainly think it is the best collection as a whole that has come from that part of the world to Europe.

There is I believe a lot of M.S. papers relatng to the History of individual specimens where every specimen has its distinct locality on it.

It is a collection I could confidently recommend anybody to buy & my experience as you are aware has now extended over some years

Hoping to have a favourable answer I remain, Sir,
Yours most obediantly
Bryce-Wright

Gen'l A.H.F Pitt-Rivers, FRS

Pitt-Rivers does not appear to have bought this Collection.

----

L768

Bryce-Wright | Mineralogist & Expert in Gems & Precious Stones | The Museum 26 Savile Row W | pro tem 166 Wardour St | Nov 11th 91

Dear Sir,

I have the Honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter with the Photos of the West Indian Collection returned. I greatly regret you do not care for it - were you to see the state of the specimens I think you would have liked them

Perhaps you would like to make me an offer?

I have the Chinese sickle somewhere but dont know where to place my hands on it. I will however search at once

I called at your town residence just before I received your late answer and the Servant said you would be in town this next week.

If you could give me a call (& let me know when) I would be at Wardour St. or I will call at your residence if you will permit me & bring the sickle if I can find it & one or two other things. I have no set address for a week or two.

I remain, Sir,
Your obedient servant
Bryce-Wright

A post card to 166 Wardour St will always find me

Gen'l Pitt Rivers FRS

There is no Chinese sickle listed in the second collection catalogue so perhaps Bryce Wright was unable to find it.

-----

L1091

{joomplu:779 detail align right}

199 Wardour St W. | London Nov. 2nd 94

Sir,

I have at last been enabled to follow up & discover the owner of the Great Honduras Flint implement & as promised I communicate with you first about it. It was found with a series of other specimens as per list enclosed in Honduras about 20 years ago. The owner is aware of the other specimens extant & has really never been willing to dispose of it. Since I have been in communication with him I have tried every means to get him to consent to sell it alone but fruitless.

He has however consented to sell the whole find & I can offer it to you for 50£ the whole.

I have seen the Implement which is in fine condition & is 12 1/2 inches long & 3 inches wide. I have not seen any of the other objects but the list explains them.

I have got the refusal for a day or so [illegible] so if you would like to procure them and will say I will take them provided the fine Implement is as stated. I will procure them at once & send them. I am afraid any day of them being offered elsewhere so should be pleased to have the honour of an early reply.

In writing to me the gentleman alludes to those known.

I enclose a reduced sketch of the Implement & also of portion of a carved stone vase.

Yours obediently
Bryce Wright

Lt. Genl. A Pitt-Rivers, F.R.S.

Complete List of the Collection
British Honduras

No 1. Unique Serrated Flint Implement 12 1/2 in. long

No 2. Ovoid Flint Implement 7 1/2 inches long

No 3. Ovoid Flint Implement 3 3/4 inches long

No 4. Portion of Carved Stone Vase

No 5. Portion of Carved Stone Vase

No 6. Stone Whistle

No 7. Fragment of terra cotta vase with a pattern

No 8. Fragment of terra cotta vase with a pattern

No 9. Fragment of terra cotta vase with a pattern

No 10. Handle of terra cotta vase

No 11. Terra cotta beads (44 in all)

No 12. Human head

No 13. Hand & part of Arm.

No 14. Foot & part of leg.

No 15. Hand with Cup & Ball

No 16. Owl's Head

No 17. Animals head

No 18. Animals head

No 19. Animals head

No 20. Animals head

No 21. Animals head

No 22 Obsidian Core.

The above constitute the Find having been discovered in one place in Honduras about 20 years ago.

Not belonging to the find but included in the Collection

No 23. A Carib Stone Implement

No 24. Shell Implement, Barbadoes

These items are not listed in the catalogue of the second collection so presumably Pitt-Rivers decided not to buy them.

Another letter from Bryce Wright dated 7.3.1889 is given here.

Transcribed by AP for Rethinking Pitt-Rivers May/ June 2011

S&SWM PR papers L766

2011-05-31T12:40:14+00:00

L766

{joomplu:725 detail align right}

[Ansd Wansdyke paper sent]

Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Society | Nov 9 1891 | Clyffe Vicarage, | Wootton Bassett, Wilts.

Dear General Pitt Rivers,

I hope that the current number of our magazine will be out before long - and I am getting together the material for the next number. I should be glad therefore if you could let me have your notes on the Wansdyke excavations soon.

I saw in N. Devon the other day a sort of vessel which was new to me - a wooden pitcher made of staves. Rather a good looking sort of thing - they are commonly used on the borders of Exmoor It struck me that you might possibly like one for your museum [insert] if you havent one already [end insert] The cost is I believe 4 or 5 shillings

[salutation illegible]
Ed. H. Goddard

----

L776

Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Society | Nov 21 1891 | Clyffe Vicarage, | Wootton Bassett, Wilts.

Dear General Pitt Rivers,

Thanks for the Wansdyke paper received today. You shall receive proof of it for correction as soon as it is in print which may not be for some little while yet.

I have written to a friend in N. Devon asking him to procure and send you one of the wooden pitchers when he has an opportunity. I will let you know the cost thereof.

We have no account of King John's House in our magazine - and as only a limited number of [insert] our [end insert] members have access to your Book upon it I think it is very desirable that an account should appear in it. if possible in the next number that will include the report of our Wilton meeting & excursions.

Could you find time to write us a short account of it, giving the most important points as to its History, & restorations & present use.

I should be very grateful if you could do this. Anytime within the next three months would do very well

I am
Faithfully yrs
Ed. H. Goddard

------

L844

Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Society | Mar 24 1892 | Clyffe Vicarage, | Wootton Bassett, Wilts.

Dear General Pitt Rivers,

You told me some time ago that you would like one of the wooden N. Devon water pitchers for your collection. I hear today from my friend Mr Freeman that he has despatched on to you - made in Barnstaple - its cost is 4/6.

I have delayed putting your paper in the magazine as I heard from Mr [illegible] that you had been so ill as to be quite unable to attend to anything. I hope that by this time you have recovered [illegible] again though these East winds must be much against you

I am
faithfully yrs
Ed. A. Goddard

This is Add.9455vol3_p824 /6

-----

L982

[Goddard Ansd Dec 20/ 92] |

Clyffe Vicarage | Wootton Bassett | Dec 16 1892

Dear Gen Pitt Rivers

Your most generous present of the 3rd vol of your work arrived quite safely and calls for the expression of lively gratitude on my part - Very many thanks for it. if anything it seems [insert] even [end insert] more interesting than the volume that preceded it.

I know you are much interested in pottery. I hear that Mr [illegible name] has uncovered an ancient kiln ([illegible]) near Wootton Bassett, and has collected a good deal of broken pottery fr its vicinity. If you would allow me I should like to send you some specimens of this and other pottery found nr Wootton Bassett for your opinion on it.

I am
faithfully yours
Ed. H. Goddard

No items of this kind are catalogued in the second collection, that is known of.

Transcribed by AP May/ June 2011

S&SWM PR papers L760

2011-05-27T14:39:44+00:00

L2492

NB It is clear from the context and the catalogue of the second collection that this letter must date from 22.10.1891, however when the S&SWM PR papers were arranged this was not known so it was placed with the undated items

Ansd Objects purchased

Bentcliffe Eccles | October 22nd

My dear General

When I was at Rushmore you will remember I had a note from a man at Zurich offering some pewter plates. You said you would like them if I sent for them. They have arrived and are I think very good and as fresh as if made yesterday. You will see one of them has a portrait of Gustavus Adolphus & the heroes of the 30 years war & they are all different. I am sending them on by rail.

Another case of things has been sent me from Cologne which I think very cheap & which are in your way if you care to have them. If not you will send them back

This contains 2 Roman [insert] gold [end insert] rings [insert] cut with cameos from [end insert] Sinzig on the Rhine. They are good specimens & there is a notion that there was a manufactory there in Roman times

2 Roman pots from Cologne interesting because they are very like similar ones made in Britain one is a pretty shape & is just like a nother one in the British Museum. They represent very well the provincial vases of the Roman & show how close England the Rhine were to each other in Roman times. [sic]

3 A curious wooden disc with a man & woman on one side and a musical party on the other probably early 17th century & used for stamping cakes

4 2 pots which I think curious one is of the form which was used in Cologne in early times and has impressed patterns. They are very seldom perfect. The other is of Frecken ware with oak leaves in relief You will see how the foot of each ring is exactly the same

5 A reliquary in silver gilt a good specimen of this kind of thing of the 17th century. They are seldom [illegible] and this is quite genuine.

The pewter plates from Meyer are 16-0-0

The other things from Cologne 12-0-0

-----------

£28-0-0

-------------

I hope they will arrive safely, give my best regards to Mrs Pitt Rivers. Yours very truly

Henry H. Howorth

These are Add.9455vol3_p757 /1 and on

----

L760

[Ans'd July 9 [sic], 1891]

Bentcliffe Eccles | Manchester | Nov '2 / 91

My dear General

Many thanks for your note and for the cheque which arrived quite safely. I have not heard about fresh trouble with the Guards at first hand but I feel sure that things are not as they should be. It is due I am told to the fact that the majority of the non-commissioned officers are so young and inexperienced. They have introduced an accommodation which I think suitable namely that a battalion of the Guards is in future to be always stationed in the Mediterranean.

A few words now about the curios. I was a little afraid you might think the pewter plates dear As I did not know how far you had studied them. As a matter of fact [word illegible] you have got which represent almost every style are remarkable & I feel sure Franks would have jumped at them. Next time you go to the Museum you must look at what they have got. You will see one in time I gave them some time ago. You will see others at [illegible] in the Museum and also at Nuremberg. They are mostly stamped with makers names and were made either in Switzerland or South Germany. They were made in imitation I believe of Briots [2 words illegible] and it is curious how closely allied [illegible] of the designs are to those on the Flanders pots. They have friezes of electors with the [illegible] in the middle etc etc. I believe Cripps told me he had made a collection of the marks on them. 1 or 3 of yours must have been very carefully put aside in linen as they are wonderfully fresh. It is curious that in England & apparently in France whence pewter was so much used they should not have made plates with the raised designs. The English & French specimens I have seen are decorated with incised coats of arms chiefly. You must not hold me responsible for their price as I shewed you the note from the dealer and you asked me to send for them & [3 words illegible] I think they are very cheap.

The other things I bought for myself & when I unpacked them I thought they were much more valuable to your collection The two Roman pots from the Rhine * I thought very characteristic & they are interesting to us because they are so very like in [illegible] to the posts made by the Romans in Hampshire & the Marshes. Cologne and Nevers were the real capitals of Rome north of the Alps and it was to the Rhine rather than to Italy that Roman Britain was attached.

I want you also to notice the 2 Roman rings ** I was told at Cologne that there is evidence to shew there was a manufacture of these rings on the Rhine in Roman times. They are found chiefly at Sinzig I believe & I thought the 2 specimens I got were exceptionally good ones. You must not keep these things out of consideration to me I will gladly have them if you dont want them but I thought they filled up 2 or 3 gaps in your collection & I thought also I secured them at a reasonable price.

I now want to mention something else. I have had offered to me a rather remarkable & interesting collection of things & I am going to buy some of them for myself. They are a class of objects which I fancy greatly namely things made fro the Great Japanese d.... [illegible] who as you know are all ruined & are selling off. The choicest Japanese work I have seen is that which was devoted to the ornaments etc used by these old nobles of Japan & in a very short time they will all have disappeared. The things I am referring to are 2 saddles made of wood and covered with beautiful old [illegible] birds etc. and some of their fine stirrups which you have seen no doubt, great box stirrups entirely covered with lovely diapers and all different.*** Some have [illegible] on them others a kind of niello others are inlaid with mother of pearl etc

I dont care to keep pairs of stirrups for they are big things and one of a kind is enough for me. I am going to receive a saddle and more of the stirrups. Would you like any of these things. I could think there are two saddles of which you could have one and 3 pairs of stirrups of which I should like to keep a specimen of each. The saddle & 3 stirrups would come I think to about £20.0.0 I only mention this because I thought you might like to have an opportunity of securing them. You can see a saddle of a similar kind & 3 or 3 stirrups in the British Museum. Perhaps you will let me know

I was dining with Franks on Friday He was talking much about you and saying he thought as we all think you are a most remarkable person in knowledge and enthusiasm. Franks is [illegible] that you should become President of the Antiquaries. I think you are under some misapprehension as to his having objected to your things remaining in London. He spoke to me in very different terms & I think I know him better than anybody. You would I know have been pleased to hear the very complimentary terms w. which you were spoken of.

Pray give my very kind regards to your kind and most hospitable wife I shall not readily forget my very happy visit to you & I hope if you can make any use of me you will do so & that you will let me come & see you again

Yours most truly
Henry H. Howorth

* Add.9455vol3_p757 /3-4

** Add.9455vol3_p757 /1-2

*** Add.9455vol3_p836 /1-5

-----

L770

Bentcliffe Eccles | Nov 14th 91

My dear General

Many thanks for your note. There can really be no doubt that the real name of the Roman embossed pots with red varnish is aretine where they were made where the debris still occur and whence potters emigrated to Cologne & Treves where they imitated them. I am not sure that three antiquaries who [illegible] class the highly finished pieces found in Britain as Malean [?] are right. I have a notion that they could make just as good pots glass etc on the Rhine as anywhere I dont know what signs to discriminate the Italian pots by. There was also a large manufactory of the same ware at Clermont Ferrand. I have bought both pots & moulds there and also duffers all found in the place. and pots with similar names of potters have occurred in Britain. It may be that the finer ones are from Clermont & not from the Rhine. The name Samian is assuredly a misnomer. Pots were made at Samos 200 years before Christ of which there

A... [illegible] ones were possibly imitations, at least P[illegible] thinks so.

The [illegible] I told you about is a Japanese called Kataska & his address is 32 George Street Hanover Square. He has a good deal of knowledge but in my opinion is very dear

There is a man called Lasham in Bond Street who has some fine things & is a very decent fellow

The stirrups & saddle I had sent to your address If you dont care for them I will have them sent for as I have another friend who is collecting. I have got a set myself and think them very interesting I hope you are very flourishing

Yours very sincerely
Harry H. Howorth

-----

L2528 *

Bentcliffe Eccles | Nov 24th

My dear General

Many thanks for your interesting letter. Since I wrote you before I have spent an evening at Franks' as he wanted to show me a famous Gold Cup about which he will no doubt speak to you.

We also had a talk about Samian Ware, on which subject I do not agree with either Franks or Reade. I do not think there is the slightest evidence that ware in the least resembling what he calls Samian, was ever made at Samos, & I think the name has arisen from a misunderstanding in a passage of Pliny - Now we do know that ware of a similar [insert] though [end insert] but not of the same [illegible] was made at [illegible] Fragments, moulds & I believe duffers have been found at Arezzo. The ware is red, is moulded, & although lighter, is generically the same as the pieces which came from Clermont & of which I got several specimens there & I have no doubt myself, that the potters of Clermont were a colony from Arezzo or from Ciret [illegible] just as the Rhine potters were a colony from Clermont. If you are to have a generic name I think the best is the name of the place to which we can ultimately trace the manufacture. I dont object to calling all porcelain china or to calling English faience English delft, but I do object to calling all shells cockles & mussels, & giving the name Samian to ware that has absolutely nothing to do with Samos & I don't follow Franks' illustration about majolica, which was so called because the original pieces came from Majorca/ The saddles & stirrups which I spoke to you about were in a warehouse in the City, and when I got your letter, I told them to divide the collection in two one half of it being for myself, the other half I told them to put into a box, carefully packed & to leave them at your home. I thought they were all godo & beautiful specimens of work, & I am sure they all belonged to Daimios I told them to book them all to me You must not worry there is no smallest obligation for you to take them unless they quite suit you as I believe Hilton Price is anxious for some & would have them & if not these people quite understand they are to take them back again.

With our very kind regards to you all

Yours very truly
Henry H. Howorth

* This item has been placed by S&SWM PR papers ms collection at the end amongst the undated letters but it is clearly 24.11.1891

----

L808

Bentcliffe Eccles | January 2nd

My dear General

I am sending you a small French book on Japanese art which is a favourite of mine and which was perhaps the best reference I had. I think it will interest you. Whatever the origin of the Japanese and I know of no more difficult problem to solve it seems to me that their artistic sense and their sense of humour makes them very near akin to us Western Europeans I remember travelling for 6 weeks once with a Japanese gentleman (a two sworded man) in Sweden & Denmark & being struck by his wonderful likeness to us in his way of looking at everything.

They are assuredly also the most wonderful artists as far as invention and finish goes and there is a perpetual lesson to be learnt from them.

I hope you liked the stirrups & the saddle. They all belong to Daimuos * & to the days that are gone & are very unlike anything made now [insert] dating from times [end insert] when each grandee employed his own dependents to work for him and time was a matter of no consequence. I have a [insert] small [end insert] collection of daggers & swords dating from the same time which you must see when we come to London, and I love to handle them they are so perfect in their technical qualities.

The things which I had sent to you were really one [insert] each [end insert] out of several pairs of which I have the others and I thought [insert] them [end insert] very cheap. They had been in a warehouse in the city for a long time and the man had no way of disposing of them. The saddle & 4 stirrups are £22-0-0 I hope you have been having better weather at Rushmore and that you will let me come again to see you then where I spent such a very pleasant time. I am going at the end of January to see Tyssen Amherst ** at Didlington. Have you seen his fine Museum. He has some very good things but he does not collect as you do to illustrate great scientific facts. Give our very best regards to Mrs Pitt Rivers we shall be in town at the beginning of February at number 27 Henford [?[ Square South Gloucester Road

With very good wish [sic] for the coming year
I remain
Yours very truly
Harry H. Howorth

*Possibly meaning Daimyo, territorial lords

** William Amhurst Tyssen-Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst of Hackney 1835-1909, art and book collector and Conservative MP

Note that there is another letter from Howorth asking for an invitation to stay the weekend, to see L1679, partially transcribed here.

----

L1699

Howorth | Ansd Dec 3/96

30 Collingham Place | Cromwell Road. S.W. | Nov 23th [sic]

My dear General

I was delighted to get your letter and will take care to see Clark as soon as possible about the New Zealand illegible [sic, see below, possibly Front]. I mentioned it to Franks and he said the notion was first rate that it was impossible to exhibit in London without destroying it and that it is too valuable to be allowed to perish in this way and he said he would do everything he could to help you to secure it. I had a very pleasant time at your house and shall always be pleased to come again We are just going off to call on your son.

With our kind regards to your Wife

Yours very truly
Henry H Howorth

This illegible object that might be front [ie Maori house carving] does not appear to have been obtained by Pitt-Rivers or at least it is not listed in the second collection catalogue

-----

L1777

Howorth | Ansd Apr. 2/97

April 1st | 30 Collingham Place | Cromwell Road. S.W.

My dear General

I have just found a letter of yours which reminds me that I ought to have written to you long ago but I am too busy for words. I went to see Purdon Clarke and other people at South Kensington about the New Zealand [illegible, but possibly 'front'] and spoke to them several times. They were very sympathetic and Purdon Clarke wished you to write a letter officially to him making the request that you might have the [illegible possibly 'front'] on a perpetual loan as I am afraid they might have some difficulty in an actual gift. It is exactly suited to your place while in London it is sure to be destroyed by the smoke [?possibly it is illegible] &c.

I think I told ou we called on your son the grenadier but they were out of town and had let their house - Can you let me know what his present address is? I hope very much you are keeping better.

With our kind regards to you all
Yours very truly
Henry H. Howorth

Caspar Purdon Clarke (1846-1911) Director of the South Kensington Museum.

It is by no means clear that the illegible word is 'front' but it seems clear from other evidence that it probably is. It presumably refers to a house carving or Maori house, and 'your place' would presumably be either Farnham Museum or (more likely) Larmer Tree Gardens where Pitt-Rivers already had several reconstructed dwellings scattered in the grounds. There is a strong possibility that it refers to a carvedMaori meeting house called 'Mataatua', see here. This was carved by the Ngati Awa over two years, as the site referred to says, 'it was intended to cement alliances between these tribes and to heal divisions created during the war with the Government a few years before'. After being exhibited at the Sydney Exhibition in 1879 it was shipped to England and stored in the cellars of South Kensington Museum. The house is now back in New Zealand and in 2010 was being re-erected, see here for more information. In Chris Gosden's 'Anthropology and Archaeology...' [1999] pages 187-188 he gives the history of the meeting house, saying it was first transferred to the South Kensington Museum in 1882 [page 188], 'the house was originally exhibited in the quadrangle of the SKM with the interior carvings turned outwards ... a year later, Mataatua was moved to the grounds of the Museum and four years later was dismantled and stored'. The house was not displayed again until 1924 when it was shown at the British Empire Exhibition at Wembley so it seems that Pitt-Rivers did not get to loan it (if indeed that is the object referred to). It seems likely that after it was dismantled it probably was taking up quite a bit of space in the SKM stores so it is possible that people like Franks and Howorth would have worried about the long term implications for it if it was left in storage and sought a permanent solution elsewhere.

See here for a following reply from South Kensington Museum.

My thanks to Jeremy for both trying to read the illegible words in the last letter and identifying Mataatua as a possible match for the object referred to before we saw the later letter from Clarke.

Transcribed by AP May / June 2011 as part of the Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project

S&SWM PR papers L701

2011-05-27T11:40:19+00:00

{joomplu:715 detail align right}

L701

Chideock Vicarage | nr Bridport, Dorset | Sept 7.91

Dear General Pitt Rivers

In an iron mongers at Bridport is a brass cooking pot on 3 legs with feet, with a long handle (cast on it I believe) on the handle a legend "Shall I plese you" or similar words.

The pot is about 7 inches diameter
about 6 inches dee[
on legs about 4 inches high
Handle about 12 inches long

[Drawing]

It was sold for old brass at Yeovil & sent to the ironmonger's assistant at Bridport by a friend as a curio.

He would part with it for your Museum if you cared to have it. £5 is the price asked.

I do not remember to have seen a similar vessel before & think it might "please you"

Believe me
yrs faithfully
Cecil V. Goddard

P.S. At Ford Abbey, which I visited lately, Mr Evans is making up a screen in the old refectory out of Breton bedsteads. but the panels suffer greatly by being separated from their own proper framing & side pieces

---

{joomplu:723 detail align right}

L717

[Ans'd Sept.23/91]

East St | Bridport | 21:9:91

Dear Sir

The Rev'd C.V. Goddard of Chideock has just called upon me relative to the 'Antique Skillet' with inscription on handle, which he is purchasing on your behalf.

Altho' I am not at all anxious about selling, I am willing to pack safely in box, & post carriage as far as it will go by Rail, if you will kindly give me name of station to which I must address it.

I have had numerous enquiries about it & could have sold times over, but refused: I would not part with it now, were it not going into a Museum where it will be more cared for & greatly admired.

You will I am sure be delighted with it & when you have seen it, I shall be pleased to hear from you to that effect.

Yours very faithfully
F. Smith Bucknole

{joomplu:722 detail align right}

I have a 'Breeches Bible' dated 1592 which I would sell for same price, viz £5, but I am told it is worth much more. I have been offered a Polyglot Bible, beautifully bound, which cost considerably over £5, in exchange for it. If you cared to have it I would enclose with skillet FB

General Pitt Rivers | "Rushmore"

[This letter is so beautifully and idiosyncratically handwritten that a scan is shown here for webviewers to admire.]

Transcribed by AP May 2011 as part of the Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project.

S&SWM PR papers L690

2011-05-26T12:31:13+00:00

L690

[Ans'd Told to send it on approval Sep 18/91]

439 Old Kent Road S.E. | 1st September 1891

Sir,

Through the death of my mother I come into possession of an ancient antique Arms Crest and Motto of your noble ancestor which was engraved so far back as some time in the seventeenth century it having been in one family over 100 years. It is a steel engraving in splendid preservation and very nicely mounted and framed and measures about 12 by 14 inches.

Having made some genealogical researches and after tracing, searching and researching I find that this ancient antique Arms Crest and Motto were those of that great and celebrated nobleman George Pitt Baron Rivers of Stratfieldsay one of the [illegible] of his majesty's bedchamber colonel of the militia of the county of Dorset and Doctors of Laws. This nobleman was born 1720, and several times elected to represent the borough of Shaftesbury in the county of Dorset. He was constituted Nov'r 1761 envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentary to the court of Turin, which office he resigned in the year 1768, and was farther appointed March 1770 ambassador extraordinary and minister plenipotentary to the court of Madrid. He returned to this country on the following year, and was created by King George the third Baron Rivers of Stratfieldsay. He was constituted 13 May 1780 Lord Lieutenant and custor [illegible] of the county of Southampton which office he exchanged 6th April 1782 for that of one of the Lords of his majesty's bedchamber.

Being in straitened circumstances and thinking you would like to possess this very old piece I venture to ask you whether you would purchase the same for which I should be pleased to accept 1 guinea and would send it on first for your approval.

An early answer will greatly oblige as I shall refrain from disposing until I have received your reply

I have the honor to be Sir
Your most obedient Servant
Ernest Day

----

L737

[Cheque £1.1.0 sent Oct 21/ 91]

439 Old Kent Road | S.E. | 16 October 1891

Sir,

I must apologize for the undue delay which has unfortunately taken place in answer to your letter (for which I am very much obliged to you for) with reference to the ancient antique Arms Crest and Motto of your noble ancestor, the reason being a very sad and sudden death that has taken place in our family which called me away from home, I having had to attend the inquest and have had a deal of very urgent business to attend to for the Widow and children, that being the reason for the delay.

I have, however, this day very carefully packed and sent on to you, per Pickford & Co., the ancient antique Arms Crest and Motto of your noble ancestor of whom I have already given you a full detailed acct of, and being in very straitened circumstances may I ask you for an early reply as I am greatly in want of a little money

I have the honour to be Sir
Your most obed't Servant
Ernest Day

This is Add.9455vol3_p756 /3. There is a letter from Ernest Day to Pitt-Rivers trying to sell him another document see L527 S&SWM Pitt-Rivers papers dated 5.9.1888, presumably Pitt-Rivers did not purchase that document.

Transcribed by AP May 2011 as part of the Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project.

S&SWM PR papers L681

2011-05-26T12:02:40+00:00

{joomplu:713 detail align right}

L681

[Ansd]

I can give a written garrantee [sic] that they are all real antiquities

2 Harpur Street | London W.C. | 18th August 91

Sir

Knowing that you sometimes buy curious antiquities & having two rare & curious pieces which I should like to part with I venture to send you a sketch of them

One is a scolds bridle 16th century & the other is a boar hounds collar used when hunting the boar early 16th century The scolds bridge came out of the Chateau-de-Kyhrg in Winterture & the collar came from Schloss Ungor Poland Should you care to see them I can forward them on to you

Yours very truly
S.J. Whawell

Gen'l Pitt Rivers

[2 drawings annotated 'this open on an hinge to allow water being administered to the victim']

----

L718

[Genl will go to see them Oct 1/91]

2 Harpur Street W.C. | 21st Sept 91

Sir

The lowest price for the scolds bridle & the boar hounds collar is £9= I believe that you purchased some very early Swiss halbards at Christies some few months ago which were my property. I have in my house some very rare and interesting arms & weapons which did not go to Christie's to be sold but which I would part with now If you are in Town soon you might please give me a call & oblige

Yours truly
S.J. Whawell

To Genl. Pitt Rivers

These items do not appear to have been acquired by Pitt-Rivers, they are certainly not listed in the catalogue of the second collection.

Transcribed by AP May 2011 as part of the Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project.

S&SWM PR papers L679

2011-05-26T10:09:23+00:00

L679

Fitzwilliam Museum Cambridge | July 26 1891

Dear Sir,

May I remind you of your kind promise to present to the Cambridge Museum a set of your models of early Crosses?

Mr St John Hope suggests that possibly you might be willing to allow him to send direct to Cambridge the set which is now at Burlington House.

I am
Yours very faithfully
J. Hen. Middleton
Director of the Fitzwilliam Museum

Lt Gen. Pitt Rivers

----

L695

12 Rue Tour Notre Dame | Boulogne-sur-mer | September 3, 1891

Monsieur Le Général

Last year I did myself the honour to enquire on behalf of the Boulogne Museum Committee whether you would kindly extend your liberality so far as to present to the Museum a set of our Celtic Crosses.

In the letter with which you honoured me, you mentioned that my request could not meet with an immediate reply, because owing to the length of time required for preparing and finishing off the casts, there were not yet ready for distribution. [sic]

I am induced to renew my application now, because a recent accession of Roman and medieval antiquities will ere long necessitate a general rearrangement of some galleries, so that we would avail ourselves of the opportunity to properly accommodate your gift if you would favourably entertain the request preferred.

I beg to subscribe myself Monsieur Le Général
[illegible].J. Vaillant
Secrétaire de la Committee des Musees de Boulogne &c &c

Transcribed by AP May 2011 as part of the Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project.

S&SWM PR papers L643

2011-05-26T08:12:28+00:00

L643

R. Istituto di Studi Superiori in Firenze | Direzione del Museo Zoologico dei Vertebrati | Firenze le 22 Sept 1889

Dear Sir

I do not know whether you remember me, but I have not forgotten the very pleasant and instructive visit I paid in your company to your splendid and unique Ethnological Museum, then at South Kensington, in 1882; when you so kindly showed me your wonderful series illustrating the evolution of weapons & implements.

Since then I have been engaged in accumulating notes and materials for a comparative study of what might be called the Last Days of the Stone Age. In this not easy task I have been very fortunate and fairly successful, and although not a few lacunae exist in the collection of types of such implements & weapons which I have formed for the purpose, yet I believe that I shall soon be able to begin my work in earnest.

In this it is my intention to follow in some respects the path which you have traced in so masterly a manner. I have the catalogue of your collection, published by the Science & Art Department, with which you kindly favored me as also some of your later papers published by the Anthropological Institute; but all my efforts have up to the present proved vain in trying to get a copy of your Lectures on Primitive warfare, published in the Journal of the Royal United Service Institution in 1867-69. I have not even been able to see that work of yours to read it and take notes, and I only know by a few quotations which I have come across that it would be of great value to me for the investigations I am making.

I have therefore taken the liberty of addressing myself to you, and would be very grateful if you could even lend me a copy, which I would return as soon as read.

I need not add, after what I have said, that in case you had any duplicates of stone implements for which you have no worthier destination you would do me a very great favor and perhaps fill up some important lacuna, if you would kindly let me have them for the collection which I have formed, which is destined for the National Ethnological Museum of Italy. From what I have said before you will gather that the stone implements &c of modern savages are those which have a special interest for me, the older and prehistoric implements have been collected merely for comparative purposes.

In any way I trust that you will consider the end in view, pardon the liberty I have taken, and with [insert] the [end insert] expression of my highest consideration and best wishes believe me

Truly yours
Enrico H. Giglioli
Vice President of the Anthropological Society of Italy

General Pitt-Rivers | &c &c &c | London

----

L819

R. Istituto di Studi Superiori in Firenze | Direzione del Museo Zoologico dei Vertebrati | Firenze li 6 Feb 1892

Dear General Pitt-Rivers,

About two years ago you kindly sent me volumes I and II on the results of your elaborate excavations and researches in Cranborne Chase. I have lately had occasion to look through carefully that truly monumental labor of yours, and have done so with intense interest and great admiration. If in some other countries your example could be followed, how many yet obscure problems relating to historic and prehistoric ethnology would find their solution!

I should like to show your volumes at one of the meetings of our Anthropological Society and say something about the grand task you have undertaken. I trust that you have no objection to my doing so; and should be obliged if, in case you have published any sequel to the second volume, you will kindly inform me and possibly let me have a copy of any later volume. In your letter to me two years ago you mention a third volume then going through the press.

Since I last wrote to you I have steadily gone on collecting materials illustrating the later Stone-Age in different countries, I have been more fortunate and successful than I ever hoped to be and I now have valuable data and specimens for a comparative study of that interesting subject.

Hoping that this will find you well, with cordial best wishes, believe me

Yours very truly
Enrico H. Giglioli
Vice President Anthrop. Society of Italy

General A. Pitt-Rivers F.R.S. | &c &c &c | Rushmore

Transcribed by AP May / June 2011 as part of the Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project.

S&SWM PR papers L640

2011-05-26T08:00:22+00:00

[Ans'd]

31, Bateman Street, | Cambridge | 165 Piccadilly | Aug: 28th 1889

Sir,

You asked me to get a doll for you in Icelandic Costume.

I have the doll, or if you prefere [sic] a full size old costume complete, you can take which you like. I shall be here for some little time, but should like to know when you would be likely to come here & look at the Costumes, as I go home Saturdays till Tuesdays, as a rule, and sometimes, am not here all day.

I remain,
Yours faithfully,
Sigridr E. Magnusson

To General Pitt Rivers

Pitt-Rivers seems to have acquired neither the doll nor the full sized costume according to the catalogue of the second collection.

Transcribed by AP May 2011 as part of the Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project.

S&SWM PR papers L591

2011-05-25T13:40:35+00:00

Letter 591 is a letter, following several previous ones from the same source, to Pitt-Rivers from George Graham. Graham was seeking employment as one of Pitt-Rivers assistants, and it becomes clear during their correspondence that he had a healthy regard for his own status as a draughtsman and that Pitt-Rivers was not very actively responding to his letters. This is the most telling end:

L591

23rd Nov 1888 | 8 Sloane Terrace | S.W.

Dear Sir,

Having on Saturday 17th despatched to you a letter enclosing the three plates which you sent to me, some drawings of my own, & note from Mr Greville Chester and a letter from Mr Watson and not having up to date received my answer from you I now write again to beg that you will kindly let me know your decision

Yours truly
George Grahame

[Enclosure, presumably a draft response in Pitt-Rivers' handwriting]

Rushmore, Salisbury | Nov. 24. 1888

Dear Sir

I took a little time to consider whether your drawings were sufficient for my work. I have no doubt that in time you would take some time and I have get into it, but as it would take some time, and I have already a draughtsman under instruction for my particular work, I fear that I shall not be able to come to any arrangement with you. I am sorry to should have [word illegible] to the trouble of doing the drawing for me. I return Mr Chester's letter which appears quite satisfactory.

Yours obediantly [sic]
A Pitt Rivers

Transcribed by AP 2011 for the Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project

S&SWM PR papers L586

2011-05-25T12:49:38+00:00

[Ans'd]

58 Acre Lane London, S.W. | Nov 15- '88

Dear Sir,

Acting on your suggestion I have made copies, (two only for the moulds were accidentally destroyed) of the remarkable round bottomed urn, and of the small 4 looped urn, from Kingston Deverill. One of each I have given to Mr Franks, and one of each I have sent to your address by parcels post, this afternoon. As they are from your own neighbourhood - almost within the limit of your your [sic] own archaeological preserves, they will I hope be of interest to you.

As they are from the specimen in the Society's Museum, I have mentioned the circumstances to Mr Smith.

You will find the notice of these vessels in Anc. Wilts. I 45, 46 - a note on the convex one p. 46.

I am having them, and a large "double" urn from Crendon, photographed and and [sic] hope to mention them in a note in the Wilts Mag.

I remain
Dear Sir
your faithful serv't
W. Cunnington

The process used I have found useful in modelling delicate objects - to cover them with tissue paper, before taking the moulds

These are Add.9455vol2_p459 /2-3.

Transcribed by AP May 2011 as part of the Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project.

S&SWM PR papers L560

2011-05-25T10:06:16+00:00

2 Worcester St: Oxford | Oct'r 26th 1888

Sir

In reply to your enquiry about the "Court-Cup'd" [court cupboard*] I beg to say that the price of the one in the warehouse (ground floor) is £14.0.0 of the one in the shop with its' back to the window 12.0.0, and of the other 16.0.0

I am sorry to say that I have not been able to find the photograph wh: my daughter mentioned Should I do so, they shall be forwarded. I am afraid however that there was only one of them wh was of an unsold C't Cup'd.

I should say that all I have are genuinely old that is to say are not "made up" cup'ds.

They have been, where needed, carefully restored and as little done [insert] to them [end insert] as possible. [insert] in the case of [end insert] The one you remarked, as having new columns, they are exact copies of the old ones which were being much split and cut about, and I have kept them, in order that a purchaser may see how closely they have been copied.

Regretting that I was not at home when you honoured me with your call.

I am Sir
Yours obediently
Wm. Ogden

General Pitt Rivers

* Presumably Pitt-Rivers was buying furniture for Rushmore or Grosvenor Gardens, rather than acquiring objects for Farnham Museum. A court cupboard was a three-tier wooden sideboard, used for displaying plates. Pitt-Rivers had acquired objects for his second collection from William Ogden before (though on an undated occasion).

Transcribed by AP May 2011 as part of the Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project.

S&SWM PR papers L557a

2011-05-25T07:50:48+00:00

{joomplu:710 detail align right}Note that there are 2 L557s, the other is from George Black see here. This letter appears to refer to Add.9455vol2_p425 /3 and Add.9455vol2_p451 /1-2, Add.9455vol2_p452 /1-2 described as:

Bought of Dowdeswell, 160 New Bond St. Japanese Kakemonos a Set of 4 pictures representing Heaven & Hell] £10.10.0 the set of 4 [Drawing]

[Containing description of Japanese kakemono of Heaven & Hell]

L557a

"St Heliers" | West Bank, | Stamford Hill, N.

Dear Sir

Any further information I can at any time impart I shall be pleased to give you if you will kindly write or call and ask me.

For the present any letters addressed to me at 160 New Bond St will be sure to reach me at once.

I am dear Sir
Yours faithfully
John Sparks

Gen'l Pitt Rivers

{joomplu:711 detail align right}[Enclosure]

Dowdeswell & Dowdeswells | Fine Art Publishers | 160 New Bond Street | London W. Oct 22 1888 | Telephone No 3779

Re. "Heaven & Hell"

The Unfaithful Women are being slowly drowned in a pool of blood (drawn from themselves during their lifetime,)(periodically).

Transcribed by AP May 2011 as part of the Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project.

S&SWM PR papers L524

2011-05-24T13:11:35+00:00

6 Tenterden Street | Hanover sqr | W. | 28 Aug. '88

Sir,

You may remember that the writer showed you an Italian bronze ornament (evidently being an inkstand from the sixteenth century) some time ago. I have not been able to communicate with my Danish friend [insert] who owns it [end insert] before now when he says he is willing to take £5- for it. This price I should say is cheap, & if you desire it, I will submit the ornament for your inspection again.

I herewith also beg to draw your attention to what is said to be the largest olhorn in the world. It measures more than five feet along the surface & more than six inches across the opening (of the horn itself, the mounting being 8 1/2 inch. across) It is well polished, & mounted in German silver. By the enclosed photograph you can form an idea of how it looks; it being a grand & unique ornament.

I am desirous of disposing of it, & it has been valued at £100. The horn may be seen at the above address.

I am, Sir,
Yours respectfully
P.Aug.Holst

Lt Genl Fox-Pitt-Rivers, F.R.S. etc | 4 Grosvenor Gdns | S.W.

P.S. Kindly return the photograph when done with.

[NB the photograph is still with the letter!]

These items does not appear to have formed part of the second collection of Pitt-Rivers, or at least it is not recorded in the catalogue, nor are there other items from Holst in that collection it appears. P. August Holst appears to have been a dealer who specialised in natural history according to documentation associated with Manuscripts/MS Add.9839/1H Cambridge University Library

Transcribed by AP May 2011 as part of the Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project.

S&SWM PR papers L514

2011-05-24T12:33:02+00:00

L514

[Petrie]

Egyptian Hall | 25 July 1888

My dear Sir

Will it be convenient to you to take charge of your two portraits before next Tuesday? We require to clear out everything before August, and are now packing up. There is a box for the mummy if you wish to send it to the country. I shall be here every day till the packing is done, & ready to deliver your things. I have put aside a perfect flint knife & five other good pieces, all circ. 1400 B.C. for you, as you wished for some examples.

The mummy portrait was settled at £27, the other portrait £18, & I presume £5 will not be out of the way for the flints: £50 in all

Yours very truly
W.M. Flinders Petrie

See Add.9455vol2_p444 /2-11.

This portrait has been sold by Christies, see here.

According to Alice Stevenson, 'Petrie excavated a large number of these from Hawara in 1887/1888. See:

Petrie, W.M.F. 1889. Hawara, Biahmu, and Arsinoe. London.
Petrie, W.M.F. 1890. Kahum, Gurob, and Hawara. London.
Petrie,W.M.F. 1913. The Hawara portfolio : paintings of the Roman age found by W. M. Flinders Petrie, 1888 and 1911. London.

-----

L971

[Flinders Petrie Ansd Nov 22/ 92]

8 Crescent Rd, Bromley, Kent. | 18 Nov 92

My dear Sir

I am very sorry to hear that you have been laid by. I did not miss your coming to see the collection, as I have not been in London for two months now, owing to a bad cold &c. So nothing has been distributed yet. From Medum there was only some small samples of colours. From Tell el Amarna (XVIII dyn) there are colours, glazes, glazed pendants & moulds for making them, glass working flints, & Aegean pottery; besides sculptures, of which there are plenty of smal pieces in different materials. I shall be glad to put you by a selection of all these, as technical specimens, if you wish for them.

All the important pieces will go to the Ashmolean as a whole series.

You very kindly sent me your first two volumes on Cranbourne [sic] Chase, and I should much value the other on Bokerly and Wansdyke.

Yours very truly
W.M. Flinders Petrie.

There are no items from Petrie in the catalogue of the second collection which were acquired in 1892 or 1893 so it seems Pitt-Rivers did not want any items

----

L1377

Ansd | Sept 6/95

University College | Grove St | London W.C. | 4 Sept 95

My dear Sir,

Shall I send down for your museum a selection of the pottery of the New Race? If you will accept it, it will give me much pleasure. I have not yet got the photo prints of your knife handle; so I have not yet drawn it, as I hope to do

Yours sincerely

W.M. Flinders Petrie

These are Add.9455vol3_p1192 /1 and on

Transcribed by AP May 2011 as part of the Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project.

S&SWM PR papers L491

2011-05-24T11:59:57+00:00

[Seidler]

16 Eyot Gardens | Hammersmith 28 May 1888

Dear Sir

Mr A. Carlyle, late of the Archaeological Survey of India, has requested me to help him to dispose of his collection of small Indian stone implements. If you should feel disposed to purchase some I shall be happy to send you a packet on approval.

Believe me, Dear Sir,
Yours faithfully
Charles Seidler

Lt Genl Pitt Rivers

Ironically Pitt-Rivers does not seem to have taken Seidler up on his offer, or at least these stone tools are not listed in the catalogue of the second collection (though other stone tools from India are) EXCEPT that it seems likely that Pitt-Rivers did inadvertently buy items from this collection from William Downing Webster in September 1897 though the catalogue entries do not list Carlyle as being the collector but the site is one he was associated with in the Vindhya Hills Gharwa Pahari, see Add.9455vol5_p1574 /1 and on.

Transcribed by AP May 2011 as part of the Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project.

S&SWM PR papers L487

2011-05-24T11:41:23+00:00

L487

{joomplu:709 detail align right}

2 Rupell Chambers | Bury Street W.C. | May 7. 1888

Dear General Pitt Rivers

I write to tell you that according to promise I carefully examined the side of the small Wady near the Tombs you described at Kourneh but failed to discover any flint implements in situ.

This winter, however, I obtained two regularly formed "celts" or implements of this form [drawing], found with mummies at Kourneh. I had never known such objects to occur before in Egyptian Tombs.

I don't know whether you want to acquire any of the curios & beautiful Roman & early Christian Textiles - if so, I could send you a large & fine collection which I made myself at Echmin in Upper Egypt. Believe me to be

Sincerely yours
Greville J. Chester

Pitt-Rivers seems to have resisted the lure of the Ancient Egyptian textiles and flint implements, or at least they are not listed in the catalogue of the second collection.

------------

L2531

Tuesday

Dear General Pitt-Rivers

I write one line to say that my collection of Hittite and Phoenician things will continue to be on Exhibition at the Archaeol: Institute all through next week.

I am sure you will be delighted by a sight of Petrie's antiquities now on view in the Egyptian Hall.

I have been out of Town & unable to call for my textiles. Might I ask you to send them me by parcel post?

Petrie thinks some of the Textiles are so old as 200 or 300 years BC:- he agrees with me in thinking that the purple patterns are of the 4th century AD - he found a coin with some of that description.

Yours sincerely

Greville J. Chester

If you like it, I can give you a rude ancient Egyptian doll with the hair represented by beads for your Oxford Collection

Although this letter is undated it appears likely that it was dated after L487, and probably fairly close in date. The doll does not appear part of either collection

Transcribed by AP May/ August 2011 as part of the Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project.

S&SWM PR papers L390

2011-05-23T12:59:59+00:00

[Answered]

Llanduff 3rd Oct 1887

Dear Sir

Above five years ago, I was in the Museum at Zürich and was much interested in the various objects which had been found in the lake there - among the remains of Lake dwellings. I was anxious to obtain some specimens and the Curator gave me the addresss of a man he knew had been collecting them. From him I obtained the Nephrite Celt which I now send you, and beg the favor that you will add it to your Museum.

The jade gives it an interest which you will appreciate.

I have given you the history so far as I acquainted with it of the Celt, because I am aware that several articles of this kind have been fabricated, but I hope you will agree with me that this is genuine

I am
dear Sir
yours faithfully
C. Waldron

Lieut Genl Pitt Rivers

This is Add.9455vol2_p361 /12

Transcribed by AP May 2011 as part of the Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project.

S&SWM PR papers L385

2011-05-23T12:40:57+00:00

Crescent Hotel | Filey | Sep 30 1887

My dear Pitt-Rivers

I do not know if you are aware that the collection of barrow things from the wolds, made by Mortimer of Driffield, is for sale. *

It contains a very large number of sepulchres vessels and other articles the results of the opening of above 200 barrows. No such collection will ever be made again and you might, perhaps, feel inclined to become the possessor. The price asked is, I think, much above its value, (£3000) but I should think if an offer was made a more reasonable sum would be taken.

My examination of [word illegible] Howe proved most unsatisfactory, a grave 12 1/2 ft deep at the centre was found to contain no burial, nor could one ever have been made from some small pieces [illegible] bone was quite [2 words illegible]

Two other mounds have proved to be non sepulchral, so I have had a very unsuccessful fortnights work. I have started on another mound & this does not promise well

Believe me
Yours sincerely
W Greenwell

* Pitt-Rivers did not buy this collection. John Robert Mortimer (1825-1911) Corn merchant and archaeologist who lived in Driffield, Yorkshire. In 1913 33,000 archaeological objects and geological specimens were sold to Hull corporation, see here.

Transcribed by AP May 2011 as part of the Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project.

S&SWM PR papers L382

2011-05-23T11:51:11+00:00

33 Seastone Road | Boscombe | Bournemouth | Sep. 27. 1887

Dr Sir,

In reply to yours of yesterday, herewith I have forwarded to you the Purbeck papers, and am sorry I cannot send you the complete set, as in the first (1855) issue there is some interesting discoveries made in the opening of Barrow at St Adhelms Head, also an account of Danish remains (found Jan 21. 1767) found at Moorborough in the road to [illegible] Hollow trunk of Tree (oak). 10 ft long outside dia 4 ft rudely decorated etc. I believe you have made some like discoveries. I was fortunate enough to set the loom of this No from one of the Members of the Society dwelling near Wareham.

I also in the same parcel send you a sundial, which if not possessing any antiquarian value is still interesting as regards its close associations with Cranborne Chase, as it was purchased at the Sale of the Property of the Late W.W. Farr, If one House only divided from the Chase by its outer boundary line, the River Stour, I should not wonder if previously to the Farr family moving to Iford in 18-- it was not more closely associated with the C. Chase as I think at one time they dwelt on the other side of the River at Maccleshell higher up, so taht was within the bounds.

If you have a history of the C. Chase with a map date 1618 afterwards revised by Hambidge of Blandford son of the first [illegible] I should esteem it a great favour if you would loan it me for a time, I have tried at many places to get a copy, but have been unsuccessful up to the present.

Believe me
Yours most respectfully
Chas.M.Bennett

[Copy of Cranborne Chase sent 29/Sept/87]

This is Add.9455vol2_p342 /4, which was included as part of the second collection and described as 'Sundial bought at the sale of property of the late Mr W. Farr, Ilford House near Cranbourne Chase presented by Mr Chas. M. Bennett'

Transcribed by AP for Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project June 2011

S&SWM PR papers L375

2011-05-23T11:27:08+00:00

L375

[British Museum] | 17 Sept 1887

Dear Sir

I was speaking about the results of your excavations at Rushmore to my friend Mr Soden Smith, the Keeper of the Art Library at S. Kensington and he told me that he had not seen your book.

It is possible that you may already have given a copy to that Library - but if not it would be much appreciated.

I feel some warrant in making this suggestion from your having asked Mr Franks to tell you of any one whom he considered worthy to possess your book.

The more I look at the New Ireland paddleclubs [insert] from Fenton [end insert] the more I am convinced that they are more or less modern - that is to say the ornament has been added to what may have been an old implement.

Yours faithfully
Charles H. Read

See Add.9455vol2_p323 /1-2 and Add.9455vol2_p339 /1-7, all New Ireland paddles / clubs acquired by Pitt-Rivers from Fenton in 1887 [the first time in June 1887 and the others in August or September 1887). These presumably are the paddles referred to, see here for more information about these paddles.

-----

L871

23 May 1892 | 17 Carlyle Square, S.W.

Dear General Pitt Rivers

I enclose Gowland's receipt for the bath to prevent iron implements from disintergration - It has been most successful with his Japanese iron.

Your enamelled pendant seems certainly to be Qu. Philippa, as I thought, e.g. 4 horns [?] rampant

Yours very truly
Charles H. Read

Enclosed

Bath for iron implements

(W. Gowland)

1 oz of Sodium carbonate to 1 1/2 pint of water Soak for three days - then wash in running water for a week to a fortnight It is essential that all the sodium should be washed out from the iron.

-----

L1034

British Museum London W.C. | 2 Aug. 1894

Dear General Pitt Rivers

I enclose a short account of the four Devarajas, some of which maybe of use to you. I forget what attributes your four hold, but you may be able to identify them. The variations of these Buddhist representations in different countries & periods are apparently endless and certainly exasperating

Yours truly
Charles H Read

Sadly the account is missing. This refers to Add.9455vol3_p1010 /2 and on, given by Read to Pitt-Rivers a month before in July 1894

-----

L1108

Ansd Nov.21/94

17 Nov 1894 | 17 Carlyle Square, S.W.

Dear General Pitt Rivers

I have been down to see Mr Rutland (the man who dug up the Saxon barrow at Taplow) who wants to realize some of the collection - He has quantities of things, mammoth remains, drift implements, as well as odds and ends of Roman things. What I thought might be of some interest to you is a small series of locks and keys mostly found in the Thames or near Taplow. If you care for them at all, I should think the simple plan would be for him to send them to you. He realizes that such things are not very valuable & would take a moderate price for them. He has also a lot of curious horse shoes some said to be Roman but I dont know whether you draw a line at those

Yours truly
Charles H Read

Despite Read's recommendation, these locks and keys do not seem to form part of the second collection, or at least they are not catalogued in the CUL catalogue.

----

L1789

Read | Ansd Apr. 22

13 April 1897 | British Museum | London: W.C.

Dear General Pitt Rivers

I am glad you keep on as Local Secretary* - It is fitting you should from our point of view.

I will certainly take the earliest opportunity of seeing your "Local Museum". It is absurd that I have never seen it as a visit would be both b...[illegible] & pleasure. My view of Local Museums generally is that their value depends less on the Museum than the man at the head of it. My old chiefs ** view was to a certain extent justified by his experience & even my own - the local museum sold local things to neighbouring people: but when I offered to clear them out of a lot of ethnographical curios which they thought nothing of, they immediately had a general meeting & passed a Resolution that nothing was ever to be sold or parted with - their local antiquities all the time were going to rack & ruin for want of cases, wh'ch my money would have provided. This is a fair example of our experience

I am sorry to tell you that Sir Wollaston is very ill *** - He has been more or less an invalid all this year & now is practically confined to the house. My [illegible] will depend to a great extent on his condition, which I hope may improve.

I am sorry to hear you complain of infirmities still

Yours very truly
Charles H Read

I wish something could be found for Payne - he has applied for Plymouth Museum to be forwarded I dont know if you have any influence there

*Pitt-Rivers had been asked to be Local Secretary for the Royal Archaeological Institute for Dorset

** Presumably Franks.

*** Franks died of cancer of the bowel on 21 May 1897, he had retired in 1896 and his post as head of Ethnography was taken by Read.

----

L1799

Read

23 April 1897 | British Museum | London W.C.

Dear General

I shall certainly make an effort to come and see you and your new gallery when it is done.

Of course I know generally what you have done in your museum and I think the idea an admirable one, though it is a pity you are so far from everywhere.

I shall read your account of the bronze camps with great interest. I always think Sir John Evans missed a great opportunity in writing his bronze book - It ought to have been a treatise on the subject, instead of a kind of catalogue raisonné of types.

I am struggling with a handbook of our prehistoric collections - a thing that as never existed up to now. It will I hope be the fore runner of a series of text books of British archaeology - up to the Conquest.

Sir Wollaston does not improve, I grieve to say. He will not be at the Anniversary today - a great disappointment to him

I hope you will manage to prevent the erection of butts over the Group of five barrows on the Plain in the part bought by the W. Office. They ought to be properly explored first.

I trust you are better,

Yours very truly

Charles H Read

-----------------

L1932

9 Septr 1897 | British Museum | London : W.C.

Dear General

The photographer who has made an ethnological set of Irish photographs is

R. Welch
Photographer
Belfast

I have just come across the address so I sent it at once

Yours very truly
Charles H Read

This is Robert Welch (1859-1936), he specialised in outdoors photography, some of his photographs are shown in the Ulster Museum. Examples of the kinds of photographs that Pitt-Rivers might have been interested in acquiring are shown here. It is not known if Pitt-Rivers did acquire any of his photographs.

-----

{joomplu:799 detail align right}

L1933

Ansd Sept 11/97

10 Septr 1897 | British Museum | London : W.C.

My dear General

I am sending you a small box to Tisbury station containing some of the implements from Stourpaine for your Museum. There are six of a special type from that locality [Drawing] a kind of bipenins [?] & pair [insert] 3 [end insert] of the picks I spoke of - As local types they will I hope be acceptable

Yours truly

Charles H. Read

Genl Pitt Rivers D.C.L.

The bipennis is described in Durdens Catalogue (they are of course all from his collection) p. 7 No 63 64

These must be items from John and Henry Durden, they owned a Blandford grocery business and sold thousands of Dorset archaeological finds to the British Museum. See I Longworth and C Haith, 'Henry Durden and his Collection', Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society, 114, 1992, pp.151-160. Stourpaine is near Blandford Forum. These items do not appear to be listed in the catalogue of the second collection.

L1935

Ansd Sept 14/97

13 Septr 1897 | British Museum | London : W.C.

My dear General

When you get Andersons catalogue (of which I told you) you will find the two little figures that I named Kanzan & Jitoku on pl. 20 (p. 198). & an account of them opposite (No 606). The "Jeypoor" figures are I am sure Japanese, & probably made at Kiôto. They almost certainly represent Arhats (i.e. Buddhist saints or ascetics) of whom there are usually sixteen These also are figured in Anderson's Catalogue pl. 5 - p 46 where a detailed account of them is given . I shall always be glad to help you in these matters when I can & would try to come down any time you thought I could be of use - now that I have found the way.

I have been thinking about the future of your museum generally & will send you a note about [insert] it [end insert] later, going into some detail. It is very difficult to know what is best in such a case

Yours very truly

Charles H Read

I am sorry not to have seen the Larmer lit up

-----

Japanese One of the Arhats [PR's handwritting?]

----

The two figures appear to be 2 of Add.9455vol4_p1503 /1-5, the others have not been identified but must have formed part of the second collection.

--------------

{joomplu:800 detail align right}

L1936

15 Septr 1897 | British Museum | London : W.C.

My dear General

There can be no doubt as to the similarity of your Farnham & Larmer specimens to those form Stourpaine - the type is usually flat on one face [Drawing] the other being convex & worked. There are some exceptions that are worked on the faces.

It would I thought be worth [insert] your [end insert] while searching about Stourpaine for cores & hammerstones; I feel sure, from the quantity of rude stones there, that it is a factory.

I can send you a number of typical stones from the French Caves if you want them I dont remember seeing any in yr illustrative series - This would be when I come back in about a month

Yours very truly

Charles H Read

If Read did give Pitt-Rivers some stones from the french caves they are not listed in the catalogue of the second collection

----

L2004

22 Nov 1897 | British Museum | London : W.C.

My dear General

I am sorry to have left your letter unanswered so long: but I could not find anyone useful to go down and look at your walls - Price is in Egypt or on the road Hope is, or ought to be, busy with the routine work at the beginning of the Session - & I am held tight here & cannot get away [illegible] fear unless on strictly Museum business - & I know no way to help you.

Your son (Lionel?) came to see me some time ago about digging in Cyprus with Christian. I did not then know, but I now do, that all private digging in Cyprus is forbidden - Even we (as I told him) give half of our finds to the Cyprus Museum and only bring home the other half - Before entering into any engagements therefore it would be well to find out how far you can go.

You spoke about some prehistoric things from Egypt. I dont know whether these in Tregaskis' catalogue are of the same kind, but I enclose the part of the Catalogue in case they may interest you. If it will help you I will go and see them & send you an account of what there is & then you can write direct to Tregaskis if you want any

yours very truly

Charles H Read

Enclosed printed catalogue of 'an important collection of Egyptian antiquities ... now offered for sale by J. & M.L. Tregaskis ...' No 384 1897.

----

{joomplu:801 detail align right}

L2024

11 Dec 1897 | British Museum | London : W.C.

Dear General

I have just bought some Benin heads & other things of bronze - & among them are two I can spare - one being a duplicate. I am paying for these latter myself as I had to take the lot. I am paying £20 each for them - which of course I think they are worth.

Do you care for them? [on a separate sheet, shown here, are the two drawings] If so I will send them.

The enclosed rough sketches give you a very fair idea of their appearance - the smaller one is the better as a work of art - but the other is distinctly curious

Yours very truly
Charles H. Read

Note that the date written by Read is confused it appears to read 13 with the 3 overlaid by a 1 ie 11, indeed it might even be a 1 in which case it would be even earlier - however Thompson catalogued this after L2021 below, the content to me suggests it is earlier, but I might be wrong, I have placed it earlier on this assumption.

The first head is Add.9455vol5_p1591 /1, the second head in the drawing is Add.9455vol5_p1590 /1, Pitt-Rivers therefore acquired both, for a bargain price.

-----

L2021

Ansd Dec 16/97

14 Dec 1897 | British Museum | London : W.C.

My dear General

I send you a few copies of the Benin paper. As you can imagine there is rather a run upon them, as at present it is the only thing upon the subject - though it is really only a sketch. I am going to bring out a large album of the things we have here.

I safely received the photographs of Iwerne and am astonished at your luck in finding such a spot. I wish I could have come down to see it.

I took it for granted that the photographs should wait but you sent the description of the place before being shown at the Antiquaries I will bring them forward at the first January meeting if you like.

I have now two copies of your big volumes on your excavations - Sir Wollaston & my own, & as I cannot keep both I prefer to keep his copy, it being bound. I now want to ask you if you would like to have the duplicate one back again to give to some one. It scarcely seems decent to sell such things and it is very possible that you may have none to give away now. I must get rid of a good many books - as I have at least twice as many as my house will hold.

I dont know yet what will be the fate of the redundant Benin things belonging to the Government. The Foreign 'Office' is a very commercial place, I find.

Yours very truly
Charles H Read

-----

L2025

21 Dec 1897 | British Museum | London : W.C.

My dear General

I am today sending you the two heads & from my house the 3 vols of your Excavations will also go - so that tomorrow or the next day there will be two packages at the Station for you. As you say - the heads are not cheap - but my idea is that as the supply is limited now & that a few pounds more or less in price should not deter one if the pieces are really worth having. The two were got by Ling Roth's brother, a doctor out there, & I got them from Roth.

I hope you will like them

Yours truly

Charles H. Read

Henry Ling Roth later wrote a book about the Benin collections, his brother who collected these heads was Felix Norman Emerich Roth (1857-1921). Pitt-Rivers did not give this information in the catalogue, and therefore it has been lost until this letter was transcribed.

----

L2028

24 Dec 1897 | British Museum | London : W.C.

My dear General

Griffith knows nothing definitely about the glass at Tregaskis'. He says "I do not know about these glass vases at all: all I know is that Newberry got a great collection of XVIII dynasty fragments that were being turned up by the looters on the pits of Amenhotet III's palace. Very likely he got plenty of first rate things being in the thick of the finders and on good terms with all"

I don't know that there is much else to be done - I can if you like go and look at the glasses after the holidays.

I hope the fog did you no harm

Yours very truly

Charles H Read

Enclosure

Printed telegram form from Tregaskis with stuck on labels in blue and handwritten added text.

[1st printed label] Glass Mug and Bowl, deep amber colour, found in the ancient necropolis of Eshmunen ... Both perfect £45 [Text] Found at Ishmunên

[2nd printed label] 53 Transparent Glass vase ... 20 guineas [Text] Found in the ruins of the palace of Amen-hotep III Thebes Both obtained from Percy E. Newberry Esq

Francis Llewellyn Griffith (1862-1934) then working in the Dept of British and medieval antiquities at the British Museum with Read but also an Egyptologist.

----

L2037

10 Jan 1898 | British Museum | London : W.C.

My dear General

I am very sorry to hear of your having got knocked up on your visit to town - there is no hurry about the Benin things.

I have seen the two beautiful glasses at Tregaskis and should like to have a little talk with you about them - I will call in the hope of being able to see you tomorrow about 4.30 pm. If you are not visible do not trouble to write as I shall be in your neighbourhood any how

Yours very truly
Charles H Read

Pitt-Rivers does not appear to have bought the Egyptian glasses, or at least they are not listed in the catalogue of the second collection, it is not clear where Pitt-Rivers was staying in London as his own London house at 4 Grosvenor Gardens was rented, perhaps he had more than one or was staying with one of his children.

-----

L2042

21 Jan 1898 | British Museum | London : W.C.

My dear General

I will try and call to see you this afternoon: but in case I have not time I enclose photographs of 7 bronze tablets from Benin (Nos 27, 128, 63, 4, 90, 58, 67) which I have selected for you, as I now believe that the Foreign Office will let me dispose of them - the price of this lot is £42.

You can have more if you like, if you let me know soon.

Please let me have the photographs back as they complete my series. I enclose an envelope for the purpose

I hope you are progressing

Yrs very truly
Charles H Read

These are probably Add.9455vol5_p1603 /1, Add.9455vol5_p1622 /1, Add.9455vol5_p1631 /1, Add.9455vol5_p1632 /1, Add.9455vol5_p1633 /1, Add.9455vol5_p1639 /1, Add.9455vol5_p1640 /1, each 'plaque' is costed separately in the catalogue of the second collection and the total only comes to £41.

-----

L2239

28 Oct 1898 | British Museum | London W.C.

My dear General

I am very sorry to hear of your being laid up again. It is not promising just at the beginning of the winter

My man went away without sending the figure (Benin) that you bought from Forbes - but it went off yesterday to Tisbury station.

AS to the two plaques from the Foreign Office. I informed them on the 27 July that you had agreed to take Nos 310 & 311 at £7 & £9 I presume they expected you to send them a cheque. However I will write today to say that you are ready to receive them & pay for them. & you will hear definitely soon

Yours very truly
Charles H Read

I hope I shall in time receive your fourth vol: which I hear is out - you will remember that I kept Sir Wollaston's copy - returning you mine

It is not clear which figure is being referred to here, most Benin pieces have clear provenance and none are given as a 'Forbes'. It might be Add.9455vol6_p1806 /1 which does not hae a clear provenance given in the catalogue of the second collection

L2241

Cheque sent Nov 2/98 £16

Downing Street, London | 31st October 1898

Niger Coast Protectorate

Sir,

We are informed by Mr C.H. Read of the British Museum that you are desirous of purchasing two more plaques - Nos 310 and 311 - from Benin City, the prices of which are £7 and £9 each respectively. If therefore you will send us a cheque for £16 we will hand the plaques over to Mr Harding of St James's Square to pack and despatch as he did on a former occasion, and we suggest that you should instruct him accordingly.

I am,
Sir,
Your Obedient Servant,

E [illegible]

General Pitt Rivers, D.C.L. | Rushmore | Salisbury

These plaques might be Add.9455vol5_p1639 /1 and Add.9455vol5_p1640 /1 except the cost is different, £7 and £5 according to catalogue

----------------

L2244

The Free Public Museums. Liverpool | Nov 1st 1898

General Pitt Rivers | Rushmore Salisbury

Dear Sir,

Your letter of the 27th Oct to Dr Forbes (who is now on his way to Socotra) has been opened by Mrs Forbes & handed to me. I understood Dr Forbes to say that he was enclosing you [sic] telegram to Mr Read at the British Museum with a request to forward the Benin figure to you & thought you had received it. I am writing to Mr Read tonight to ask him to kindly forward it on to you as requested if such has not already been done

I am, Dear Sir,
Yours truly
P. Entwistile
Asst. Curator

It is not clear which figure this is, as none are ascribed to Forbes in the catalogue of the second collection

-----

L2270

6 Dec 1898 | British Museum | London W.C.

My dear General

I can settle your tiles. They are from Pegu not India & represent Jatakar. The whole story is too long to give you in a letter but you can find a great deal more than I know & pictures besides, in the Indian Antiquary XXII p. 727 in a paper by Col. Temple, Sir Richard's son.

We have highly finished and throughly artistic glazed tiles from Persia dated AD 1261 - I scarcely think these Pegu tiles are earlier than that though they may be.

Your last letter had a melancholy strain that rather distressed me. I am glad to hear you talk of a new room & its arrangement. I will try and come down some time early in the year if I may.

Yours very truly
Charles H Read

This is Add.9455vol9_p2355 /12-13

----

L2424

26 Sept 1899 | British Museum | London W.C.

My dear General

I have heard divers accounts of you lately - I hope the best of them are true. I had intended to propose paying you a visit before the British Assocn meeting at Dover but I could not manage it. You may have seen some account of my address to Section II but I now send you a separate copy in case it may interest you. I have ventured to quote your work as you will see.

You have been getting some good things lately I heard. The Benin plaque with the tearing up of an ax is a curious one I know of one other of the same subject which I hope to get one of these days.

Yours very truly
Charles H Read

It is not clear which plaque is Read is describing.

Transcribed by AP May-July 2011 as part of the Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project.

S&SWM PR papers L368

2011-05-23T11:16:46+00:00

[Ans'd]

14 & 15 Charing Cross Road, Leicester Square | London W.C. Sept 19th 1887

Sir,

It is with great regret that I have to inform you that my father-in-law, Mr William Wareham, was drowned in the yachting catastrophe at Ilfracombe on the 26th August last.

Under his Will, I have succeeded to the business, and I hope soon to be able to communicate further on the subject.

Your obedient Servant
Geo: R. Harding

Pitt-Rivers purchased items from both dealers.

Transcribed by AP May 2011 as part of the Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project.

S&SWM PR papers L367

2011-05-23T11:02:16+00:00

Gussage St. Michael | Near Cranborne | Dorsetshire | Aug 29th 1887

To General Pitt-Rivers

Sir,

I hope you will excuse the trespassing upon your time, but knowing that you have been kind enough to open a museum for the benefit and pleasure of the public I beg to bring under your notice one of the most interesting specimens of Assyrian art now in the British Museum viz Assur-bani-pal and his Queen, which I have reproduced in the finest parian. The price of the Bas relief is £1.10.0.

I have also modelled one of the Nineveh Bulls [insert] in plaster [end insert] size 16 in. square. The price of this is 10/-

Should you be pleased to favour me with your name as a subscriber, I think the works would prove a valuable addition to your present collection.

I remain Sir
Your obedient servant
A. Hays

Pitt-Rivers seems not to have purchased this time, but he did some six years later see Add.9455vol3_p986 /2 and on, bought from Alfred Jarvis in November 1893, a series of Assyrian reproductions by Aaron Hays. They were made by W.T. Copeland & Sons, modelled by Aaron Hays who was an amateur sculptor who worked as an attendant at the BM and also sold by Jarvis another museum attendant.

Transcribed by AP May 2011 as part of the Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project.

S&SWM PR papers L352

2011-05-23T08:34:23+00:00

L352

[Ans'd]

Hilmarton | Calne, Wilts. | 12 Aug. 1887

Dear Sir

Remembering your interesting agricultural museum I venture to offer for acceptance (or refusal) a large waterjar of red earthenware; handmade without wheel' glazed with ochre soil rubbed in with a pebble; such as is in general use throughout the Canary Isles; & worth 10d Size 16 inches diameter 9 1/2 high; with small base.

[insert] Also [end insert] sheath knife, with brass & horn handle, nicely inlaid with brass & copper wire. Made only in Grand Canary but universally carried by men in the sack or belt. Value 2/-

I have also small quantities of the "Gofio" or meal ground from corn of any sort, or several mixed together, but always parched in the grain & not cooked afterwards for eating, this meal is the general food of the islanders of the Canaries.

If foods are of interest I have a cake or two of "Cassava" from Jamaica.

If you should care to accept either or all of these objects it will give me great pleasure to make them over to such an excellent museum.

I remain truly yours
Cecil V. Goddard

Knife is Add.9455vol2_p358 /5, cassava cakes are Add.9455vol2_p360 /7-8, jar cannot be identified in catalogue of second collection and might not have been catalogued, or not acquired.

-----

L397

[Ansd]

Hilmartin Vicarage | Calne, Wilts | Oct 24/ 87

My dear Sir

I am sending you a crate by rail to Tisbury the things from Teneriffe that you thought might be of use in the museum. They are all labelled. I have added a few other things: but if any are unsuitable pray return them.

The glass beads & bangles from Palestine & Syria I cannot give, but if you allow of loans, it will be a pleasure to me to leave them for exhibition in yr museum for the present.

Truly yrs
C.V. Goddard

List
Hammock of grass from Mexico
Wicker strainer for Cassava
2 cakes cassava bread
2 boxes Teneriffe "Gofio' meal
Canary knife
Canary musical instrument
Canary drinking cup
Canary water jars (unfortunately cracked lately but mended)
Box containing 2 strings of beads, bangles & rings of glass
Fire fan from Mexico

You said when I saw you at Miss Groves that you would like me to get a thrashing sledge from Teneriffe.

I have not yet done anything in the matter, as I have been waiting for my own probable return to the island; but in view of that am I to understand that you desire a sledge to be sent? if so should the pole & peculiar yoke be included? You do not want a primitive plough as well, I suppose?

C.V.G.

----

L412

Hilmarton | Calne Wllts | Nov. 15. 87

My dear Sir

I have, according to your desire, written to Mr Peter Reid the Vice Consul at Puerto in Teneriffe to obtain & forward to Tisbury Sta. the things you mention as of use for your museum: * I have referred him to you and no doubt you will hear from him in due course

It has give [sic] me pleasure to be of use in so interesting a matter; & if I can pick up anything in the Engadine this winter illustrative of manners & customs there it will please me to offer it you on my return

Allow me to remain
truly yours
C.V. Goddard

*There do not appear to be any other items from Tenerife mentioned other than those already listed from Goddard

-----

{joomplu:708 detail align right}

L466

[Ans'd]

Hotel Caspar Badrutt | St Moritz Engadine | Switzerland | Feby 11 1888

My dear Sir

Knowing how interested you are in the implements &c. in use among peasants; I have noticed such things here during the winter with a view to enquiring if you think it worth while to acquire any; were I able, I would gladly purchase & present some to your museum but that unfortunately I can't do.

The following I have thought worthy of note -

1. Little sledge (or as we English call it "toboggan") used by children for sliding down steep streets, roads &c. It is generally a simple sledge but I have seen in Pontresina a more elaborate and quaint form having a sort of saddle to sit astride on [Drawing] somewhat thus, (in elevation.) I understand that about 5/- [insert] (or less) [end insert] would purchase one.

2. The plaited rawhide ropes used for all tying purposes, & for reins, here: they are made at a village in the valley. The reins cost 15 francs a pair; but ropes with wooden eyelet holes can easily be obtained new or used

3. The yoke, used for single oxen; placed behind the horns, & curving downwards - the ends of shafts being passed through on either side

4. Curious whips used by all - made of rawhide twisted thongs mounted on a handle formed by splitting one large stick into 4 & twisting them together into a tapering pliable handle [Drawing] Other whips are 6 or 8 feet long on a longer handle, ornamented with badger hair - these are the ones they crack so loudly.

5. Iron lamps hung from roof cosisting [sic] of a saucer or pan on which is placed a lump of tallow or grease & a bit of stuff to serve for wick. I have seen several of these [insert] with [end insert] very well worked iron legs & stand; & I obtained a disused by inferior one for a couple of francs: no doubt they may be bought: & in England would be curious I think.

6. Round, & rather clumsy, snowshoes about as big as a dinner plate. Made of split wood & very coarsely meshed netting - They are made in another valley, but I have seen them here.

7. Wooden shovels for clearing snow - we have used great numbers in the ice rinks: the blade is of brick or pear wood I fancy & is curved to keep the snow from slipping off it: the handle is 4 feet long & straight [Drawing] Price 2 francs 50 They come over from Coire.

If you thought any of these worth having I should be happy to obtain & send them I hope you have the things from Teneriffe, that I ordered, by this time.

Truly yours
C.V. Goddard

For the collection made in the Engadine Valley by Goddard for Pitt-Rivers see Add.9455vol2_p375 /1 and on

-----

L471

Hotel Bernina | Samaden | Engadine | Switzerland | Mar. 2. 88

My dear Sir

I regret that the things from Teneriffe have not yet put in an appearance. On receipt of your letter last week I wrote at once to

Don Pedro Reid
Puerto de la Cruz
Teneriffe

asking him to undertake the collection & despatch, & if his time was to [sic] much occupied, to pass on my request to Dr George Perez, who was a friend of mine & I am sure would be glad to assist in such an object. Either of these gentlemen would correspond with you (in English)

As regards Swiss things I have set several people on to obtain specimens of such things as I mentioned to you: and also [insert] a few articles [end insert] of dairy utensils, which (unless you have them already) appear to me to be of interest. If you can find time to answer this soon after receipt, I could get a big cowbell, collar, & old ornamental buckle; there are plenty here (if they will sell) but I fear the price would run between 20 & 30 francs.

The saddle sleighs are still in use commonly here; today I saw one dated 1820, & painted in gaudy colours. I am trying to obtain a child's ("toboggan") sleigh on the same principle - as I mentioned before, but fear; they regard them as heirlooms & will not part with them - but I can get one built from a pattern, no doubt.

I shall be leaving the Engadine in about a fortnight [insert] for Thuois [end insert] but will see to the matter well before I go.

Believe me
truly yours
Cecil V. Goddard

---

L1096

Ansd Nov 22/ 94

Chideock Vicarage | Bridport | Nov. 7. 94

My dear General Pitt Rivers

When the Wilts. Society met at Wilton I introduced to your notice "Blakey's Boot Protectors," as you were exhibiting the ancient sandal cleats. I enclose another example which I have lately come across for I think you will be interested in observing how exactly in shape they follow the old lines: but [insert] are [end insert] improved by using hard steel, & have a barb on each tang.

I hope soon to be going out to Grindlewold if there were any Swiss implements you desire to have it would give me pleasure to try & obtain them for the Museum.

A year ago we laid water mains along the streets of this village. The main street is, as you are aware, the Roman road from Dorchester thro' Bridport to Axminster (?Colyford) We found the bed of the road to be of sea pebbles at a depth of about 14 to 20 inches: but nothing of any date turned up except a glass seal off a bottle dated last century: a round bit of lead (near the carpenter's) four broad horseshoes near an old blacksmith's forge & a few modern bones at one spot: no coins at all, nor any pottery.

Yrs faithfully
C.V. Goddard

------

L1176

Ansd Mar 8/95

Hotel de la Ville Naples | Feb. 13. 95.

Dear General Pitt Rivers

I have purchased & today despatched by sea to you at Tisbury station one of the curious metal erections that are used here on the backs of dray horses to bear the back strap of the heavy two wheel carts. The cart is always tipped up so that the shafts are high above the horses' back, & the weight of the load rests on the belly-band a& not on the back strap.

This latter requires stiff support, which is furnished by this heavy metal saddle. The price is a long one, but it is not beyond what is usually paid. I could have got cheaper, smaller & less highly finished saddles at £4 £5 or £6: this cost £7:4s

If you have already one at Farnham, I am sorry to trouble you & can only request that it be forwarded on to me at my home

Chideock Vicarage
Bridport

when I shall be happy to pay all charges. but if you have not already got one, I think you will not be displeased at my buying it for the Museum.

As a piece of metal work it is good, & its engravings are interesting.

You probably can give a reason why badgers' hair or skin is so universally used on horse trappings on the continent: I however have never heard the reason.

The initials on the flags & on the other parts are those of the maker
Alessandro Pisa of Naples

the beak faces to the front

on the back are engraved
St Gennaro, Patron saint of Naples
The Virgin Mary & Child Jesus.

On the left of the saddle
St Louis
St Lucy (with her eyes on a dish)
St Vincent

on the right of the saddle
St Lucy
"The Virgin (Mary) of Grace"
St Peter

on the strap supports
St Vincent

I got no explanation of the barrel shaped ornament nor of the scroll over it.

In the box I have also placed a common pottery lamp arranged for burning oil with two wicks - which I got here (for less than three pence!) and beg you to accept for the Museum.

I am informed that the owners or carters are rather proud of their metal saddles & rub them up when they send their animals to be blessed on St Anthony's day. The saddles pass as heirlooms in the family.

I hope to be at home at Chideock in the course of a week or so. You will hardly get the box under a month I suppose.

Yrs faithfully
Cecil V. Goddard

P.S. I desired to communicate with you concerning the purchase of the saddle, but was unable to do so, owing to our short stay in Naples.

C.V.G.

The saddle is Add.9455vol3_p1037 /1, the lights are Add.9455vol3_p1035 /1

---

L1194

Ansd Mar. 18/ 95 | Cheque £7.4.0 sent

Chideock Vicarage | Bridport | Mar. 13. 95

Dear General Pitt Rivers

You will, I hope, have received a letter from me written at Naples & stating that I was sending you an interesting piece of harness - This latter probably has reached you by this time & I hope meets with yr approval. With this letter I am enclosing a photograph [not enclosed] showing the manner of use of the said article. The spreader and chains hanging under the cart (one of the immensely long Neapolitan carts) would be for the second horse, which is always hitchednot in front, but alongside & draws from the under side of the shaft or cart bed. I think one reason for this peculiar raising of the shafts above the horse's back may be to avoid the banging and hitting of the shafts as the wheels play in & out of ruts, broken pavement, & deep holes so common in Naples.

I am also sending a modern tin olive oil lamp: the existing type of the ancient pottery form - which is used in Rome by every stone cart, slung under the axle, to give light (so I was told) in the dark passages of the subterranean quarries. I failed to buy one off a cart to I offered 7d down (!) for the dirty oily thing - but on return to the city obtained this off a tin-man's barrow for 2 1/2d. Will you kindly accept it, if it be of any value for comparison. Identically the same thing is made & sold at Thuris in Switzerland where I got one some yrs ago - & where I fished up on the road one day an interesting old iron one, similar but larger and heavier.

2. P.S. Are you aware of the very extraordinary shapes of the flint implements found about Verona in Italy? I saw them in the Kircherian Museum at Rome, & they were new to me - 3 points, 4, 5, 6, 7 points on one flint - some heart shape, triangular, star shape, harpoon, trident, toasting fork shapes - some like a lizard wit the toes cut off, others like a toad with the legs cut short.

But you are probably aware of these can you give me any suggestions of their special uses?

In the same museum are several ancient interments in situ. & I noticed that rough worked flints & polished implements lie beside one skeleton together. flints and bronze implements together beside another. which seems interesting indications of the overlapping & simultaneous use of these materials.

In the suburbs of Naples a common form of crockery basin in several sizes had a broad rim with raised rib on the outer edge [drawing] - but I saw none with the rib on the inner edge as on some of the Romano-British crocks.

C.V.G.

Olive oil lamp is Add.9455vol3_p1035 /2

----

L1215

Chideock Vicarage | Bridport | Mar. 22

Dear General Pitt Rivers

I am much obliged for the cheque for the Neapolitan "saddle".

I observed in Naples that boar's tusks fringed with badger hair &c were hung on the headstalls of cabhorses on enquiry I was told it was to keep off the Evil Eye. You mention the brass ornament of harness in Naples - I remember reading a while ago a very interesting paper in some Antiquarian periodical on that subject - but dealing chiefly with our own English horse ornaments - they were, as you say, stated to be survivals of the crescent of Diana, & the disk of Sol, &c &c.

Mr Ralls of Bridport exhibited here last winter a dried animal's heart stuck full of pins, which had been found in an old chimney at Netherbury & handed to him: and he stated that he knew of an instance [insert] lately [end insert] of a person saying his pigs had been "overlooked" - & he moved the sty to save his pigs from his neighbours "evil eye"!

In looking at a large collection of the bronze articles called "mirrors" used by the ancients - & observing many of them engraved all over the surface that [insert] which [end insert] one would have expected to be quite plain, I wondered if some of them were not fans: & I thought I saw in some fresco an indication of this from the way a lady was holding it. If you know the things I refer to [drawing]

I was much interested by a small relief in the Lateran gallery showing a tall crane of timber in use for raising blocks at a building, & actuated by a very large hollow thread-wheel.

It is very pleasant to hear that you find the photographs of the Neapolitan cart useful.

I have not seen those good Carib worked flints you mention, but shall keep my eyes open in Museum.

Yrs faithfully C.V. Goddard

---

L1669

Goddard | Ansd. Nov. 24/96

The Vicarage | Shrewton. S.O. | Wilts | Oct 6.96

Dear General Pitt Rivers

I am forwarding by this post to you a small box of pot sherds dug up in removing earth from around the walls of Maddington (Wilts) Church - chiefly the Tower.

The neighbouring Manor House must have used the Ch-yard as a convenient "kitchen midden" one wd. think from the quantity of pottery turned out.

I send all the sorts found to show you the style of deposit - but the most numerous are unglazed coarse thin: red blackish or pale pink, with thick square cornered rim, the upper surface [insert] or rather edge [end insert] of which as you see generally has a more or less pronounced groove on it. something so [drawing] Some pieces have soot adhering still: all the glazed bits I have picked off the surface of a big heap of rubbish I have sent you.

I also have put a few bits I picked up on ploughed fields about Carnac in Brittany this summer - & a couple (one very coarse red, the other fine blue) from ploughed downs in Maddington parish.

I was immensely interested in the megalithic monuments of Brittany & examined some of them carefully, with a view to judging of the art & skill of the builders. Those that are worked much such as the Menhir near Dinan (St Sampoon) has been tooled to an oval section with great accuracy & care.

I noticed also that some of the stones used covering the chambers in barrows were carefully worked, and in some cases these covers seemed to me to have been tooled for menhirs, being oval in section - about the worst form for a coverstone one would think. The great carved stone in the chamber "Table des Marchands" at Carnac, was as I understand only excavated so as to be quite visible in late years. But its carving is very much weathered. Of course it may have been originally intended to be left visible - there is no apparent barrow over this chamber, & it lies so far above the surface as to show like a cromlech but as the great table or cover stone entirely roofs in the chamber & [insert] covers [end insert] the carved stone which forms its support at the head, I do not see how the weather could have beaten with sufficient violence to weather away the carving of a granite slab in its present position. Do you know these Carnac monuments? If so has it suggested itself to you that some of the more elaborately worked stones have been re-used & are not now in their original positions?

Of course one must except such stones as those of the Chamber at Gavr-inis, where they clearly are all of a piece - but there it is proved by their present positions that they were carved before placing & not always with knowledge of the position they would occupy. Without knowing Fergusson's theory of their late origin, I came to the conclusion that as at Stonehenge the people who could work stone so accurately were not barbarous of a primitive age.

If I am not boring you I should very much like to hear any ideas you have formed about the Brittany stones.

Faithfully yrs
Cecil V. Goddard

These potsherds etc do not seem to have been catalogued into the second collection

Transcribed by AP May / June 2011 as part of the Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project.

S&SWM PR papers L332

2011-05-20T15:13:33+00:00

L332

Bow House | Christchurch | Hants. | July 5, 1887

Sir,

I am on my return in receipt of your letter of June 18 last -

Re Great Bustard I had not thought of parting with it as it would be a pity to break up my collection which now amounts to 1500 British killed specimen.

If I did anything I should dispose of them as a whole about 340 cases - but this I suppose would be to [sic] great a number for you to entertain.

I am Sir
Yours very [word illegible]
Edward Hart F.Z.S.

To Lt Genl Pitt Rivers

Transcribed by AP May 2011 as part of the Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project.

S&SWM PR papers L297

2011-05-20T13:25:32+00:00

L297

Dorchester, Apr. 23 1887

My dear Sir,

Your letter of Apr. 21 has just arrived & I hasten to thank you for it, & for the enclosed medal.* It is an admirable idea to record your excavations for the information of possible future researchers. This specimen of the medal used for the purpose shall be carefully placed in the Museum ** and labelled.

The persistent survival nowadays of small remnants of formerly prevailing races (the Bushmen e.g.) seems to give probability to your supposition that the Rushmore tribe may have been of Neolithic blood.

I am
Yours truly
HJ Moule ***

Maj: Gen'l Pitt Rivers R.A. F.R.S.

---

L299

Dorchester. Easter Monday. 1887

Dear Sir,

Pray accept my best thanks for your most kind invitation. It is very tantalizing to be quite unable to accept it, for I have heard so much of your discoveries at Rushmore that it would be no common pleasure to me to see the villages and to hear the opinions of the two anthropologists respecting the small race of men who dwelt therein. But at the best of times it is very difficult for me to leave home, and just now it is impossible for me to go to Rushmore. The reason simply is that I am seeing off one of my sons who sails for Canada in a day or two.

If I understand you rightly that this small race of men was contemporary with the Romans here, the phenomenon is surely very strange. In my limited reading I do not remember to have noticed anything similar. Belgs I suppose were large men, Kelts middle-sized & Iberes also.

I have often wondered whether you have come to any conclusions about that most curious Moot Hill at Downton. Again thanking you for your most obliging invitation,

I am
yours truly
H.J. Moule

Major Gen'l Pitt Rivers R.A.

Note that this letter is out of date sequence, but Easter Monday 1887 was on 11 April, see here

This correspondence continued, what survives is mostly letters from Moule asking for information from Pitt-Rivers

---

L304

British Museum, W.C. May 12 1887

My dear Pitt-Rivers

I owe you many apologies for never writing to thank you for your medalet which is an excellent idea & much further than Colt Hoare's [word illegible]. I deposited it with your note in the Medal Room **** & consequently (as well as from my mind & body being offuscated by a very bad cold) I never wrote to you.

It is an age since I have seen you. I have been this year very much of prisoner. [sic] I contrived to sleep in a damp bed last autumn in Germany & contracted a cold which has constantly returned, helped by the East Winds, so I haves eschewed all evening dissipations.

Ever yours truly
Augustus W. Franks

Note that L307 is a formal letter from the BM confirming the donation of the medal described as 'A small bronze medal struck by General Pitt Rivers to be placed in excavations made by himself before filling them up again'. It is probably

1887,0409.1 (see British Museum online catalogue for further information)

*This is a reference to the purpose-made medal or medalet placed in excavations after work had been completed and before the trenches were refilled to mark their excavation by Pitt-Rivers, see 1971.30.5.1-25 and here

** Dorchester Museum

*** Henry Joseph Moule, curator of the Dorchester Museum, see here and here for a little more detail

**** This medal is presumably now part of the British Museum's collections.

Transcribed by AP May 2011 as part of the Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project.

S&SWM PR papers L286

2011-05-19T14:40:12+00:00

L286

Copy [in Pitt-Rivers' hand] the original sent to Creeche

Rushmore | Salisbury

West St | Bridport | March 22 87

Sir

I taken the liberty of writing to inform you that I believe the remains of an interesting Roman settlement or place of cremation are situated on your property near Burton Bradstock for many years a quarry has been worked at Green Hill near Cogden & I found there repeatedly urns, bronze ornaments had been found by the men at work there [sic] I have a collection of Roman & English coins & on enquiry at the Quarry I received a [2 words illegible] of Constantine & on another visit have received many pieces of pottery bulk [?] of various animals human bone & in the bottom of some of the urns remains of the cremations [word illegible] some of the large stones near have been subject to fire only one perfect urn has been got out I believe & I did not get it Most of them fale [sic] to [word illegible] or are already broken [3 words illegible] There is some two feet of dark [5 words illegible] then the natural rock nothing has been opened up but gradually uncovered as the stone is [rest of sentence illegible] Would you not deem it worth your notice would you kindly allow me to carefully uncover some of the turf etc that may be present being subject to [2 words illegible] at any time I have mentioned the matters to William Colford Esq JP & he has wished me to lay it before you I may say that Roman coin & all found in [word illegible] plains around here I have a silver f... [illegible] about BC 150 found on searching [word illegible] land near villas nr Burton cliffs I Should you wish it to [word illegible] as at present I shall be glad to state your wishes to the Tenant as as yet I have not mentioned it to him. Trusting you will not [word illegible] the liberty I have taken in writing

[Salutation illegible]
James Ralls

This copy is by Pitt-Rivers himself, the dreadful handwriting, even worse than normal, is presumably down to the fact that he copied it for his own benefit and not for others to read, though it does seem strange that he copied absolutely all of it, including salutations etc.

-----

L926

[Ralls Ans'd Oct 6/ 92]

Bridport | Sept 17th 1892

Sir

I have taken the liberty of sending you per reg'd post a little box containing a bronze Roman key with ring combined, which I dug up with other articles on a camp near Lewisdon Hill. With the kind consent of the owner I have employed my spare time for the last three years in opening up this spot & have found British & Roman coins in bronze & silver, but of the whole which I possess or know of (about forty in all) none are later than Claudius A.D. 41 to 54.

I have a number of other articles fibulae, and bronze & iron lance heads, horse shoes, tesserae of glass etc etc & various things which A.W. Franks Esq has most kindly reported on. I am connected with the Literary & Scientific Institute here & the whole of the finds (at least with very few exceptions) will be soon the property of that body as I understand that we are to receive a grant of £50 from the Dorset County Council for our Museum which will probably be used in buying my little collection of local antiquities. The Rev'd C.V. Goddard (now of Chideock Vicarage near here) had most kindly let me the two first vols of your Excavations in Cranborne Chase which have been of the greatest assistance to me as many of the things both in bronze & iron agree with those you have found. As these vols must be returned to the owner, I take the great liberty of asking if you will be good enough to grant to this Institution in which I am deeply interested, one or more vols of your invaluable records. The names of W. Colfox Esq his son J.A. Colfox Esq & W.A. Daimers Esq as well as the other gentlemen whose names I have mentioned will I have no doubt give satisfactory answers as to any enquiries to the straightforwardness of my intentions in this matter.

Mr Goddard also lent me your "Primitive Locks & Keys" so I knew you were especially interested in this subject, & shall be very proud & pleased if the key I now add to your collection may prove of use or value to you Trusting my petition may receive your favourable consideration

I remain
Yours respectfully
James Ralls

P.S. I much regret I was unable to clean the dirt from it without injury

Lieut General Pitt-Rivers F.R.S.

This is Add.9455vol3_p856 /4

-----

L1290

Ralls | Ansd. by Gray May 27/95

Bridport | May 24th 1895

Sir

Hearing from the man at Broom Quarry, Hawkchurch, that they had recently found some implements I went there yesterday & received what they had & inspected the place. With several gangs of men there continually at work sending out two ballast trains a day the place will soon be a thing of the past & I much regret that no record has ever been made of this prehistoric Sheffield The cliff at which they are working is about 45 feet high & I should judge it about 65 ft in all above the present Axe.

I herewith send you per parcel post a few of the best I received thinking they may be worthy of a place in your Museum. Should you prefer to buy them please send me what you think they are worth, but if I may be so bold I should far rather have a spare vol of your "Excavations" for my personal use & can assure you that its influence will not be wasted while I live. I have the rough unfinished specimens, flakes, & raw material quite at your service should you think them worth sending.

Yours respectfully

James Ralls

[Published records of sections]

General Pitt Rivers F.S.A. | Rushmore

These were accessioned in the catalogue of the second collection

----

L1304 28.5.1895 from Ralls is about the arrangements for Pitt-Rivers himself to visit the quarry with Ralls

L1305 8.6.1895 from Ralls enclosing sketches of implements from Broome Quarry and also photos [no longer with letter] of the the quarry taken by the assistant of Sir H. Peek.

----

L1389

Ansd | by Telegram | Sept 11/95

Bridport | Sept 10th 1895

Sir

I take the liberty of informing you I received a note from the men at Broom Quarry this morning saying that they have another lot of flint implements better than you [insert] I [end insert] have had before. I thought that this offers an opportunity of receiving them direct from the men, & seeing the exact depth they are found. I shall be very proud to meet you [insert] at Chard Junction [end insert] at any time you may appoint & if you cared to return via Bridport I could order a carriage to meet you there. In returnin we should pass Pilsdon, & Lewesdon, also the Roman site from whence I have gathered my best antiquities.

Yours respectfully
James Ralls

General Pitt Rivers | Rushmore

The nearest station is on the South Western line Chard Junction

Should you be unable to go, would you like me to send on another lot of these implements.

---

L1390 16 September 1895 from Ralls confirms that a box of implements has been sent to Pitt-Rivers, accompanied by a note from the quarryman (which is not enclosed).

----

L1909 is a letter dated 18.11.1897 [answered by Gray on 31.12.1897] regarding a box of teeth and bones from Kent's Cavern, Torquay sent by Ralls 'as I thoguht they may perhaps be of intereset or use in your Museum'. These are not listed in the catalogue of the second collection.

It seems that Pitt-Rivers did not go but Ralls sold them to him for 30/-, see Add.9455vol3_p1205 /1 and on

Transcribed by AP May/ June 2011 as part of the Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project.

S&SWM PR papers L282

2011-05-19T13:22:45+00:00

[To be ans[wered]?

Old Charlton | Kent S.E. | 21 Jany 1887

Dear Sir

Enclosed is the reply which I received by last mail from Sierra Leone respecting the Loom will you kindly let me know if you want it. the Loom is with me it seems a very high price to me. Still it is a great curiosity in this Country. I am leaving for the Sherbro in Sierra Leone next week 29th Inst. on a flying visit. I hope to be back within two months would you like me to collect any curios for you if I get the chance of doing so while there.

Yours faithfully
J.G. Alldridge

General A. Pitt-Rivers

Enclosed letter

R. 17.1.86 | Grafton

Sierra Leone W.C. Africa | December 17/ 86

J.G. Alldridge Esqr

Dear Sir

I beg respectfully to render my most sincere thanks for your very kind letter of Nov. 19th in reference to my exhibits at the late Indian and Colonial Exhibition.

I have no objection to sell you the "country loom"; it cost me £3-15. But if you would give me £5, (five pound) I will be content. It was with great difficulty I obtained it from the weaver who was of belief that I was about putting the instrument of his living into European hands and spoil his trade; it took me several days to convince him to sell off.

If this price suit you, you would therefore hand my letter to the committee of Indian & Colonial Exhibition for Sierra Leone, and pay the same to the committee who would forward it to me in Sierra Leone.

Believe to be
Yours faithfully
A.B.C. Sipthorpe

P.S. You shall receive another letter from me concerning other matters in your letter soon after this A.B.C.S

It seems that Pitt-Rivers too felt that the cost was too high as this item does not appear in the list of items in the second collection.

Transcribed by AP May 2011 as part of the Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project.

S&SWM PR papers L281

2011-05-19T13:02:42+00:00

wrong text

S&SWM PR papers L277

2011-05-19T08:23:11+00:00

[NB there are 2 L277s, the other is from Douglas Fox-Pitt]

Dorchester Feb 24th 1887

Sir

I take the liberty of sending you a sketch of a very choice old silver porringer date 1666 Charles II I have just purchased this privately [insert] FROM [end insert] a resident in this county. I am sure this is worthy of your attention and shall be pleased to send it on approbation if desired

Your [salutation illegible except for obliged]
F. Jacob

To: Gen'l Pitt Rivers Rushmore

Drawing on reverse captioned Date 1666 Charles II £12 cash Sketch exact size of porringer. On other end of sheet are two rough sketches of ?monograms it is not known if these relate to this

Stamped Saunders & Jacob Goldsmiths Dorchester

This porringer is not listed in the catalogue of the second collection and it is not known if Pitt-Rivers acquired it.

Transcribed by AP May 2011 as part of the Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project.

Lubbock S&SWM PR papers L275

2011-05-18T14:38:04+00:00

L275

Station, Orpington

High Elms, | Beckenham, | Kent. | 24 Dec. 86

My dear General

I am sending you one of the Agino [sic, illegible] original tortoise coins which I got at Athens, thinking you might like one as the origin of an European coinage. If you have one already, it will not take up too much room. I also send an opium pipe*, which Amy [sic, illegible] has brought in & which I thought might possibly do for the Museum.

Will you kindly let Mrs Pitt Rivers have the accompanying knife, which we brought back for her from Athens.

With all good wishes for Xmas

believe me
Yours most truly
John Lubbock

John Lubbock had married one of Pitt-Rivers' daughters, Alice, two years earlier in 1884. Strangely there is no record of the coin in the second collection catalogu but the opium pipe is listed as * Add.9455vol2_p274 /3

---

L280

Station, Orpington

High Elms, | Beckenham, | Kent. | 9 Jan. 1887

My dear General

You may remember that last year I was obliged to apply to you with reference to some of the Bills for Alice's trousseau which Mrs Pitt-Rivers had not paid.

To my great surprise the enclosed has been sent in again, & I have paid it as it was impossible to let Mrs Russell lose th money.

Mrs Pitt Rivers admitted in the spring that she had authorised the dress being bought & took away the Bill, which of course we supposed was paid long ago.

I wrote to her some days ago, but she has taken no notice of my letter, so I am obliged to apply to you, as I cannot suppose you wish me to pay for Alice's trousseau.

I am
Yours most truly
John Lubbock

---

L955

Station Orpington

High Elms | Farnborough, R.S.O. Kent. | 28 Oct. 92

My dear General

I now send you half a dozen "cores" from Scindh & am sorry for the delay.

Poor Alice is in bed with a very bad cold.

I met Dr Beddoe the other day at Bristol. He told me he had been at Rushmore & he was very anxious you should not expose yourself in your diggings.

With kind regards to Mrs Pitt Rivers & at at Rushmore

I am
Yours very sincerely
John Lubbock

P.S. As they are rather heavy I have sent them to Grosvenor Gardens

These are Add.9455vol3_p875 /1 and on

Transcribed by AP May 2011 as part of the Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project.

S&SWM PR papers L270

2011-05-18T13:26:10+00:00

Colonial and Indian Exhibition | Royal Commission for Victoria, Australia

Victoria Court | Exhibition Buildings | South Kensington | Dec 7th 1886

Dear Sir

We have been exhibiting in this court some very fine photographs of the natives of New Guinea taken by Mr Lindt * of Melbourne wh. would be of extreme value to any one interested in Ethnology. I am informed by Mr C.H. Read of the British Museum that probably you might entertain the idea of purchasing them. The photographs are probably the only ones in existence & are remarkable not only for their size but also for the splendid way in which they have [insert] been [end insert] produced & finished. The price put upon them by Mr Lindt is £25 for the 5 photographs (framed), but should you entertain the idea & would call upon me here I should happily show you the photographs & to consider any offer that you might make.

I am
Dear Sir
Yours faithfully
James Thomson [illegible]

Gen. Pitt-Rivers F.R.S.

* J.W. Lindt of Black Spurs, Victoria see his biography here. The Australian Dictionary of Biography says 'In 1885 Lindt went with Sir Peter Scratchley's expedition to the Protectorate of British New Guinea as official photographer. He presented an album of his New Guinea photographs to the Indian and Colonial Exhibition in London in 1886.'

Transcribed by AP May 2011 as part of the Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project.

S&SWM PR papers L259

2011-05-18T13:01:16+00:00

L259

[Answrd]

Nash Mills, | Hemel Hempstead | Nov 2 1886

My dear Pitt Rivers

Many thanks for your handsome subscription to the Scientific Relief Fund. Mr Rix will send you a formal receipt. Is the enclosed the sort of letter you want as to the Rothwell Cross? I have brought back from Stockholm one of the large padlocks from a Church door in the neighbourhood which I hope some day soon to exhibit to the Soc. Ants - Afterwards I shall have much pleasure in presenting it to your collection. Or would you prefer my doing so at once and letting you purpose the note for the Ants. I make no doubt that you would do it better than I could. It is quite complete key and all, but not very easy to unlock. Do you know the padlock on our iron chest at the R.S.? With kind regards

Yours sincerely
John Evans

This is presumably Add.9455vol2_p329 /3

Date: 1887
Description of object: Padlock of Aspö Church near Stockholm See Proc. Soc. Antiq. Lond. Vol XI no III page 361 Presented to General Pitt Rivers by John Evans Esq [Drawing]
Price:
Deposited at: With collection of Locks & Keys in drawer of office 4 Grosvenor Gardens
Transferred to: Museum Farnham (8)
Added: Room IV case 12 [in red]

-----

L302-3

Nash Mills, | Hemel Hempstead | May 11 1887

My dear Pitt Rivers

If ever you are at Burlington House call on Mr Hope at the Soc Ants. and you will "find something to your advantage" with kind regards

Yours sincerely
John Evans

[The numbering of this letter is strange, there appears not to be a separate 303]

----

L306

Nash Mills, | Hemel Hempstead | May 17 1887

My dear Pitt Rivers

What I have left for you at Burlington House one a large Swedish lock (figured in the Proceedings that are about to come out) and a smaller Chinese lock ** You will I think like the former but perhaps you may not want the latter - I shall be glad to have a copy of your Excavation medal. I saw one at the Brit Assoc. on Saturday Your Romano British discoveries are very interesting. Cannot you give us some account of them at the Soc. Ants & let us have the paper for the Archaeologia. What a Zacchaeus like race you seem to have found!

With kind regards from most truly
John Evans

** Add.9455vol2_p329 /4:

Date: 1887
Description of object: Chinese padlock and key Presented to General Pitt Rivers by John Evans Esq [Drawing]
Added: Note: Accompanying these Padlocks is a letter from Edward Peacock Esq of Bottesford Manor, Brigg, about a lock in his possession with a drawing of the object
Price:
Deposited at: With collection of Locks & Keys 4 Grosvenor Gardens
Transferred to: Museum Farnham (8)
Added: Room IV case 12 (no key)[in red]

----

P164

Ansd. Oct. 1/91

Nash Mills, | Hemel Hempstead | Sept 29 1891

My dear Pitt Rivers

I think that your bronze arrow-points with the [drawing of a ogee section] section are from Motya in Sicity - Perhaps they date from B.C. 396. when the town was stoned by the Carthaginians The bronze sword (Lindenschmidt) is said to have been found at PELLA in Macedonia - See Bastian and Voss "Die Bronze schwerten der K. Museums in Berlin (1878) Plate XII NO 4 - XIII No 1. I cannot find any reference to your stone axe with runes

I am thanking Mrs Pitt Rivers for an enjoyable visit

Yours very truly
John Evans

There is no reference to a Macedonian sword from Pella in the catalogue of the second collection though there are objects from Lindenschmit, nor can the arrowheads be identified.

----

L874

Nash Mills, | Hemel Hempstead | May 30 1892

My dear Pitt-Rivers

Many thanks for your kind congratulations on my K.C.B. Mrs Pitt-Rivers and you may also more heartily congratulate me on my approaching marriage to Miss M. Lathbury, a lady whose name you may perhaps have heard in connexion with Greek archaeology - Apart from any such acquirements she is very charming and I look forward with confidence to our again having a happy home - All my children are pleased at the prospect - I hope that you may soon shake off this bronchial attack and with very kind regards remain

Yours [illegible]
John Evans

I will send the book to Grosvenor Gardens

----

There are other untranscribed letters here

---

L1883

Nash Mills, | Hemel Hempstead | July 21 1897

My dear Pitt-Rivers

I am glad that the book has reached you safely. Many thanks for the Plates illustrating your Bronze hoard from Donhead. What an interesting lot it seems to be. Those flanged palstaves are scarce in England. Are you sure that the wire-like material was not used for fine bracelets and not for attaching the axes then hafts? I do not remember to have seen the boring-bit in bronze to be used like a centre-bit. It is a most remarkable tool. The burnishing stone is also note-worthy. Altogether it is a fine lot and I congratulate you on its acquisition. We are off to Canada in a fortnight. I wish that you were better and could accompany us. With kind regards to Mrs Pitt-Rivers.

Yours sincely
John Evans

The hoard is Add.9455vol4_p1284 /1 and on

----

L2266

Ansd Dec 3/98

Nash Mills | Hemel Hempstead | Dec'r 1 1898

My dear Pitt Rivers

We are off to Egypt in ten days time. Is there anything that I can do for you there? We shall probably get up as far as the second cataract - I saw Sir John Lubbock last night and I was sorry that he could not give a better account of your health. I hear that the 4th volume of your Excavations is out. May I venture to make an application for a copy or is it "dans le commerce" With our united kind regards believe me

yours sincerely
John Evans

Transcribed by AP May - July 2011 as part of the Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project.

S&SWM PR papers L255 & L277

2011-05-18T12:27:25+00:00

L255

Santa Catalina | Canada de Gomez | Rosario* | South America | October 19th **

Dear Papa

I have now been a month in this country so I can tell pretty well if I shall like it.

The camps are very big some 12 leagues up & others five & four. This is a very small one, only a league & a half so of course there is not as much work in job yet as the big places, but we get plenty to do what with parting cattle for vetting five to the old camp grass carpentry work, blacksmiths, pruning peach trees etc. We get up at sunrise & have coffee & breakfast at 12 o clock, dinner at seven & bed at nine.

Marryat says it wld [would] be better if I intended to stay in the country to buy a comp up north in the grasslands, at once, as land is going up in value every year it wld be of no good buying less than three leagues up as I shld be like Marryat in with a league [2 word illegible] & not able to getting more & the land round here has risen tremendously in value since the proposed railway. it will cut this camp at the corner. Marryat will have a station on his land. he will then be able to get his maize & other stuff to Rosario in a very short time, at present he has to cart them with oxen forty five miles it takes about a week for them to get there & back. Everybody wishes to buy camps, nobody will sell round here, except for very large prices The camps here will eventually have fine stock & the northern camps will have the halfbred cattle.

Land in the grasslands is selling at about 2000£ a sq. league, if a railway is made through it, it will probably go up to 4000£ a sq. league.

Men have made money just buying the land & having managers they given them 100£ a year, the owner visits his camp once a year. Of course that is a wretched way of doing it. I of course wld have to work the land myself. its very beautiful scenery in the Chaco well watered & wooded unlike here, which can't boast of a [word illegible] tree except clos & the horses where they have been plentiful [word illegible] its not quite so flat as round Winnipeg, but its quite as dreary.

I am learning the language as quick as I can. I read a little when I get time I ought to know it in a year. Without a perfect knowledge of the language nothing can be done I cant visit the Chaco or go anywhere alone. Did Mama tell you the best way of letting me have my allowance viz. through the River English River Plate Bank in London, who has a branch in Rosario. Marryat has his money sent by the same bank. I have bought a couple of good horses & want to busy some more & get up a troup or heard I can easily sell them if I want to clear out.

I can get you native carpets and saddles very peculiar things, these saddles they wld be a great acquisition to the Rushmore Museum & cost about 20 dollars. There are several cloths belonging to the saddles

yrs affect'nate son
Douglas Fox Pitt

---

L277

Dear Papa

Mr Marryat has just told me yr. future intentions with regard to my settling in this country. He seems rather anxious that information of that kind shd come [words illegible] from a comparative stranger, but I suppose you did tell him yr, intentions respecting me. Well to come to the point. He told me you cld only advance me 1000£ after two years tuition here. In the first place I'm afraid I cld do very little in the way of buying land with that amount, land up in the Gran Chaco is selling at 1500£ a sq league, that is land where there is a probability of a railway being made. Of course I cld get land in the Chaco for a good deal less, but it wld be in some out of the way place where there is no chance of a railway coming for at least 50 years, then you must bear in mind that the land you buy in the Chaco, is in its rough prairie state with no fending of any kind. Now fencing in a camp of [word illegible]] one square league wld come to a lot of money - as it costs about 3/6 per 6 or 7 yds. that wld make [insert] the fencing [end insert] a camp of one sq league come to about 500£. That alone raises the capital requirement to about 2000£. Then there is the stocking which of course wld be done by degrees. Cattle cost about fr 8 to 12 dollars or 24 st 1.16

Then there are machines, as ploughs, mowers, rakes, etc I shld have to plough for lucerne to fatten cattle on in the winter or for sale although one cld sell cows in [words illegible] to butchers to fatten, but one wld naturally get a better price for fat cattle. therefore it is an advantage to have some lucerne. Mowers wld be required for cutting the hay, as it is necessary to have some hay in the winter. I shd also require bullock carts and harness for carting goods to market. Building again is very expensive in this country. The bricks are made from mud in the old fashioned style viz, treading it with horses, the difficulty expense lies in finding brickmakers & masons in out of the way parts like the Gran Chaco. Then there are wells to be made etc if I had a camp in the Chaco I shd have natural water but round here everybody has to make wells, which is to price various according to depth to water & width required. so I calculate that it wld cost to start a camp more or less 3500£ well the point of all this is, can you advance me that amount of money because if you can't it wld be useless to try & start a camp on my own [word illegible] [insert] with less [end insert] I have this on Marryats & several other mens authority, when I have consulted.

As for staying two years, it wld be [word illegible] waste of time, as I said in my other letter to you the only think [sic] I must learn to be able to start a camp at once is the language. no for the plain working of a camp, any fool can pick it up in a couple of months therefore the only thing that prevents me being fit to have a camp of my own is the language what I no doubt shall pick up in a year though its not a language but jumps down ones throat & it will require hard application on my part to pick it up in a year. another reason for not staying here longer than I can help is I dont care for the place. I don't mind Marryat but I can't stand his wife who says the camp wld be unbearable if there was no quarrelling I assure you [word illegible] she makes it very bearable as far as Tindall & I are concerned so much for that Tindall contemplates going home, he also can't stand the climate & I must say it is a very unpleasant one. The heat sometimes is quite tropical

yrs affect son
Douglas Fox Pitt

* Rosario is in Argentina

** ?Michael Thompson has pencilled in to top of letter that this must be 1886, presumably because the second letter is obviously a reply to a reply

It is curious that Pitt-Rivers 'wasted' the opportunity ot acquire Argentinian objects whilst his son was there, but there is only one object that might have come from him, and none that are formally attributed.

Transcribed by AP May 2011 as part of the Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project.

S&SWM PR papers L236

2011-05-18T11:36:22+00:00

St Fiacre | Finistere | 27 July 1886

My dear Sir

Owing to the death of the old Monsieur du Chatellier of the chateau de Kernuz, near Pont L'abbé, I was chosen as one of the experts to value his fine collection of antiquities etc etc.

I think you told me when at Huelgoat that you had visited this collection, and I recollect your showing me a portion of gold chain (found in that neighbourhood) which you had bought at Quimper.

Allow me to ask whether it has a clasp or hook to attach it by when when [sic] worn, as the silver smith you bought it from says it had.

M. du Chatellier has the other half of the same chain about a foot in length. His silversmith obtained it from a little girl, who found it in a field which had just been ploughed up, and gave the child a trumpery silver ring for it, pretending that it was not gold! since then the child has become a "domestique" in M. du C's family and retailed this circumstance etc.

He M. du C. would like to know if your portion had really a clasp or hook of any kind. also the length of your portion.

He has sent you a copy of his pamphlet on the unique menhir found in 1878 at Kervadel en Ploubannee and [insert](now set up in M. de [sic] C's grounds) [end insert] far from Pont Labbé, but it may have been returned as they last letter to you of the 22nd Many last as they [word illegible] addressed the Pengwern Road* with the words "Gone away" written on the back of the envelope.

Yesterday I heard from Mr [illegible] at Wath near Ripen & he gives me your address 4 Grosvenor Gardens, so I lose no time in writing for the above information. Hoping that I am not giving you too much trouble.

I remain yours very truly
J.W. Lukis

This letter appears to relate to Add.9455vol3_p765 /3, described in the CUL catalogue as:

'Description of object: c. Gold chain probably Gallo-Roman found in a field at Pont Labbe Brittany in 1878 ... (all removed to Rushmore) [Drawing]
Add.9455vol3_frontflyverso: Note ‘Missing Gold Chain 765
Price:
Deposited at: Removed from 4 Grosvenor Gardens
Removed to: to Rushmore Gold case
Added: Oak lecturn case Rushmore corridor [in red]

* The name is definitely written 'Pengwern' but of course this was Penywern Road, where Pitt-Rivers lived until 1881. The contents of this letter would suggest that the author was William Collings Lukis (1817-1892) who wrote about the megaliths of Brittany, but the signature clearly says J.W. Lukis. W.C. Lukis died in Wath, which seems to confirm the possibility.

M. du Chatellier, was in fact Armand Maufras du Chatellier, a historian, who restored the castle.

The standing stone referred to now appears to be in the Musee de Antiquites Nationales, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, the nearest place to it appears to be Plobannalec-Lesconil.

Transcribed by AP May 2011 as part of the Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project.

Gordon to Pitt-Rivers

2011-05-06T07:48:29+00:00

{joomplu:691 detail align right}

L41

The Red House | Ascot | 9.12.82

My dear Pitt Rivers

You have obtained my address at Queens Gate Gardens but you have neglected to give me your own, your letter bearing no other date than Nov (?Dec) 3. and the "here" mentioned it being clearly not Rushmore which is also alluded to. Carry Gordon, however, who is here to day advices me to write to you at Rushmore and I have followed her counsel.

It would I fear be impossible for me to indicate what specimens I wish to keep without seeing them. I do not even know what part of my collection you have received and should be glad to learn. The things were sent straight from the Melbourne Exhibition in two ship loads one of which has not yet arrived. All I know is that the spears, some of which are particularly fine, have not come yet. I have an especially good collection of priests bowls - the flat wooden bowls on high stands - and I hope these which were really the most valuable articles reached you in good condition.

I do not think that the Oxford folks [presumably the Pitt Rivers Museum, Oxford] would make any difficulty about receiving the collection on the same conditions as yourself viz that of my retaining the right during the next (say) five years to claim the return of a few articles from among those deposited. Very likely the right would never be really exercised as I am never likely to have a house suitable for the reception of more of these sort of articles than I already have here.

Yours very faithfully
Arthur Gordon

L56

The Red House | Ascot | 20.12.82

My dear Pitt Rivers

I went the other day to 4 Grosvenor Gardens, and saw my clubs etc: It would be quite impossible for me to make a selection from them as they lie there, and, at present, I have little room for such things here.

If you do not object, and Oxford does not object, I had much rather they should go to the Museum about to be built, subject to the one condition that, during my life time, I may take out individual articles. On my death, in any case, the whole to be theirs. And if this be accepted, I can make it a very much handsomer present; for I have cases more of very fine specimens at Haddo, unopened, and what is, I believe, an unique collection of priests bowls, here, which shall all be thrown in. By the way, the bowls at 4 Grosvenor Gardens are not Priests Bowls, but Oil Bowls. The priests bowls are always raised on high stands, and are so shallow as to be well nigh flat.

I wish you would come here some day, and see my collection of Fijian pottery. I mean to keep the best specimens of that, but there are plenty to spare, which you might think worth having.

Remain
Yours ever faithfully
Arthur Gordon

Excuse this paper. I did not see until I had done, that I was writing on two sheets. Probably I should never use the privilege I wish to retain!

L62

[Answered 2 Jany '83]

The Red House | Ascot | 31.12.82

My dear Pitt Rivers

I wrote to you on the 20th inst: about the proposed gift of my whole Fijian collection to Oxford, but have not heard from you again on the subject.

Meanwhile, my own University, Cambridge, has accepted a gift of Fijian articles from Mr AP Maudslay, and wishes me to add mine. His collection, mine, and Baron von Hügel's, combined, would certainly make a very fine show of purely Fijian objects. I fancy you must know Anatole von Hügel, the writer of the enclosed letter, which please read, - (if you can, for it is a vile hand,)- and return to me.

With all good wishes for the New Year, I remain

Yrs very faithfully
Arthur Gordon

[NB the following two letters seem to have been miscatalogued by date by Thompson, the dates given below are confirmed]

L122

The Red House | Ascot | 10.8.83

My dear Pitt Rivers

I have kept you so very long waiting for my final decision as to the disposal of that part of my collection which is with you that I certainly cannot complain of any delay on your side in replying to my note of the 1st.

At the same time, I think it as well to write again, not in the least with the view of hurrying you, but to let you know that Von Hügel will be in town in about a fortnights time and is quite willing then to undertake the packing if you have no objection to his doing so.

Yrs very truly
Arthur Gordon

[the note referred to presumably lated 1.8.83 does not appear to have survived]

L104

The Red House | Ascot | 30.8.83

My dear Pitt Rivers

I received, the other day, a fragmentary, unsigned, note, which, from internal evidence, I may safely conclude to be from you.
You say you expect to be in London again, "before long". Could you kindly give me any more definite idea as to the probable time; I mean, of course, only approximately?
I ask, because Von Hügel is ready to come up at any time, but is likely to be living out of town for some months yet.
He is to come here to pack up my collections here, and I should like to arrange it so that he could do both things at one time
You speak of "the box" in which my things were. Messrs King report having sent you three boxes full, but very likely you wrote "the box" in a generic sense, to signify the articles had been taken out of what they were packed in.

Yrs very truly
Arthur Gordon

This collection is listed in the second collection from Add.9455vol1_p60 /1 onwards, Pitt-Rivers obtained over a hundred and fifty objects from Arthur Charles Hamilton Gordon (1829-1912) Colonial Governor, first Baron Stanmore. The Pitt Rivers Museum has only three objects from Gordon in its collections, two obtained via William Herschell and a further one received via Julia Maclear. In 1882 Pitt-Rivers was in negotiation with the University of Oxford regarding the transfer of the founding collection, Pitt-Rivers may have intended, at this juncture, to make the Gordon collection part of the founding collection. It is unlikely that the University would ever have accepted Gordon's terms.

L1102

{joomplu:780 detail align right}

[Ansd Nov. 14/94]

The Red House | Ascot | 9 Nov: 94

My dear Pitt Rivers

Do you recollect my taking some photographs of the "early hunter", when I had the pleasure of being at Rushmore some weeks ago?

They were not very good; but you must remember that they were taken under difficulties and in a heavy shower of rain. Such as they are, I hope you will accept these proofs of them, for I think you said that the hunter had not been photographed before?

With my own and my daughters kindest remembrances to Mrs Pitt Rivers,

Remain
Yrs most sincerely
Stanmore

-----

L2554

Words on Fijian "Lali"

Lord Stanmore

Rushmore | Salisbury

RATU NA CAGI LEVU
Lord The Wind Great

I translate Ratu "Lord" and not "Chief" because Ratu is a title of birth and not of office. Every chiefs child is from birth "Ratu" (m) or "Adi" (f) but not "Turaja" TURAJA which implies the office of chief. Whatever his official rank whether Rako Tui or a simple village officer the personal title of born Fijian is always Ratu e.g. Ratu Epeli Roko Tin Tai Leon = Sir John Smith Governor of Sierra Leone.

NB In Fijian C has the sound of Th

G [has the sound of] ng

D [has the sound of] nd

This refers to Add.9455vol2_p340 /5 a drum which Pitt-Rivers obtained from Fentons in August or September 1887 and must therefore date after this, it is presumably a note on the drum written by Gordon (Baron Stanmore) during a visit to Rushmore hence the headed paper.

L2234

Ansd Oct 27/98

The Red House | Ascot, Berks | Oct. 24. 98

Dear General Pitt Rivers

I am sending you for the collection of peasant jewelry in your Museum a silver gilt brooch from the Cierlandes a little district near Hamburg. This is the kind of brooch which the women there always used to fasten their dress - until the costume went out - Now that the Vierlander dress is no longer or at least very seldom worn, the women are selling their ornaments. This brooch is the one worn on feast days, the every day brooch is of the same shape but made of silver roughly engraved with certain simple patterns. I do not think the brooch I am sending is very old - as I seen only one date & set of initials on the back [sic] & the really old ones are often covered all over the back with the initials of the various owners

I hope you will think the brooch worth putting in the Museum. I should be so pleased if it were of any use to you

Yours very sincerely

R Gordon [possibly Rachel Nevil Hamilton-Gordon]

This would appear to be Add.9455vol3_p1262 /2, however that was acquired from Miss Neville apparently in April 1896 but is described with almost the same words as above

Transcribed by AP May - July 2011 as part of the Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project.

Larmer Guide 2

2011-03-07T12:09:33+00:00

There were two different versions of the guide published, this is the second, expanded and presumably later, version. If I am correct then this version was published shortly after General Pitt-Rivers' death in 1900. The description of the King John's House displays only seem to vary with regard to the charges for lunch, the Farnham Museum version describes an additional room and has a few other variations.

A short guide to the Larmer Grounds, Rushmore; King John's House; and the Museum at Farnham, Dorset

by Lt.Gen. Pitt-Rivers, F.R.S., F.S.A.

[The section related to the Larmer Grounds has been omitted]

King John's House, Tollard Royal

King John's House at Tollard Royal is a building of the 13th Century, of which period two characteristic windows with stone seats in them have lately been discovered in the walls. The 13th Century house was of oblong shape, and may be distinguished by the thickness of the walls. The rest of the house is of the Tudor period, and the three oak-panelled rooms are of that date. It contains a series of small and for the most part original pictures, illustrating the history of painting from the earliest times, commencing with Egyptian painting of mummy heads of the 20th and 26th Dynasties, B.C. 1200-528 and one of the 1st Century, A.D. The transition from the round to the flat in the painting is shown by three Graeco-Egyptian mummy paintings of the 2nd or 3rd Century, one of them admirably executed, obtained by Mr Flinders Petrie in Egypt, and an early Greek wall painting.

Passing on to the decline and conventionalization of art in the Middle Ages, the earliest European picture is one of the "Virgin and Child," by Margaritone, of Arezzo in Italy, born 1216, died 1293, and signed by him; followed by several Greek and Byzantine conventional paintings in the same style, which continued in connection with the Greek and Russian Churches until a much later period. The series is continued in the order of dates by S. Memmi, School of Siena , A.D. 1283, and a door of a triptych of the early Italian school. The 15th Century is represented by Giovanni Bellini, Venetian School, signed by him, 1427-1516; "The Holy Family," by Palmezzano, Italian, 1456-1537; "The Virgin and St John," School of Suabia, circa 1460; "The Woman taken in Adultery," on the stair-case by Lucas Cranach, 1472-1553; "The Torments of Hell," over the chimney-piece downstairs, and another of a similar subject by H. Van Aeken, commonly called Jerome Bosch, 1460-1518. Pictures of this kind were much used in those days to frighten people into repentance. Another by the same painter is upstairs, representing the "Dream of St Anthony," and another representing "Orpheus and the Beasts." On the staircase, "A Banker and his Wife," by Quintin Matsys, Flemish, 1466-1531. On the staircase, "The Prodigal Son," by the same painter; "A Lady in the School of Holbein," in the upper room, 1493-1554, and another of the same date in the adjoining room; a "Virgin and Child," of the Italian School; "Modesty and Vanity," by Luini, Italian, 1460-1530; "The Resurrection and Judgment," Italian School, circa 1480. At the foot of the stairs, 'The Crucifixion," by Hans Shaenflein, 1487; "Jesus in the Garden," and another by Hans Burgkmair, 1474-1559. The 16th Century is represented by a "Virgin and Child," School of Sienna, 1500; one by Roselli, School of Florence, 1578-1651; "Paying Tithes," by P. Brueghel the elder, 1530-69; "A Martyrdom," German School circa 1500; a "Descent into Hell," and an "Ascent into Heaven." by Frans Floris, 1517-70; "The Miracle of the Slave" by Tintoretto, 1512-94 (this is believed to be the small picture painted by him in preparation for the large picture at Venice); "The Sacking of a Dutch village," by Alsloot, end of the 16th century. The pictures of the 17th Century include: "A Village Festival," Dutch, by Peter Van Bloemen, 1657-1719; a "Virgin and Child," by C.B. Salvi, called Il Sassiferrato, Italian, 1605-85; "A Skirmish," by Palamedes Stevaerts, 1607-38; "A Dog catching a Heron," by Abraham Hondius, Dutch, 1638-95; a Dutch picture of horses, after Cuyp, 1605-91; "Peasants," by Dirck Stoop, 1610-86; "A Canal Scene in Winter," Dutch, by Van der Heyden, 1637-1712; "The Journey to Emmaus," Italian, style of Gaspard Poussin, 1613-75; "Vandyke when yung," by Peter Tyssens, 1616-83; "A Village Festival," Dutch, by Thomas Van Kessel, 1677-1741. The 18th Century is represented by "A Fish Saleswoman," by G. Morland, English, 1763-1805; two pictures of Hudibras, unknown; "the Repulse of the Dutch at Tilbury in 1667," by A. Ragon. The pictures of the 19th Century include: "The Siege of Pamplona in 1813," by G.C. Morley, 1849; "A Coast Scene," by T.B. Hardy; "Fish, and a Copper Vessel," by Cammile [sic] Muller, 1880. These pictures are hung as much as possible in the order of dates, but the rooms do not admit of the historical arrangement being strictly adhered to.

In the different rooms are also exhibited specimens of various kinds of modern ornamental pottery, in imitation of the mediaeval and early wares, including Martin stone-ware, De Morgan lustre ware, Hispano-Moresque ware, Aller Vale ware, Doulton ware, and modern Nevers ware. Specimens of Tudor embroidery and needlework are exhibited in the upper rooms.

... An illustrated description of King John's House, by General Rivers, is kept on a desk in the lower room. In one of the upper rooms are relics found in the house during the excavations carried on, in, and about it, including a coin of King John, and other objects of the same period. One of the rooms is used as a reading room by the villagers in the winter months.

Luncheon and other refreshments can be obtained at King John's House on applying to the Caretaker, the charges being the same as those at the Larmer Grounds. It is within ten minutes' walk of the Larmer, over park-like grounds from which beautiful views across the Park and distance are obtained.

[A description of the Museum Hotel is omitted]

The Museum at Farnham

The Museum is within five minutes' walk of the hotel, where there is ample accommodation for horses and carriages. The Museum consists of nine rooms and galleries, four of which are 87, 85, 80 and 60 feet long respectively. [Added Note:] A New Gallery, now completed, will entail a rearrangement of the Museum. [end of added note] The side walls are lined with glass cases containing the objects, and the galleries are lighted from above. The centre part of the four principal rooms contains models of excavations conducted by General Rivers in the neighbourhood. No. 1 room contains specimens of peasant costume and personal ornament of different nations. No. 2 room includes peasant carvings, chiefly from Brittany, which were for some time exhibited by General Rivers at South Kensington and Bethnal Green. No. 3 room is devoted to household utensils used by peasants in different countries. In No. 4 room commences a series of ancient and mediaeval pottery of all nations and countries, which continues through rooms Nos. 5 & 6, and is divided under the following heads, viz., Ancient British, Silesian Bronze Age, Etruscan, Swiss Lakes, Cyprian of all ages from Phoenician to Roman, Ancient Greek, Roman, Saxon, and Norman; Mediaeval British, Old English, Scotch, Dutch, German, French and Italian, Spanish, Persian, Rhodian, Anatolian, Chinese, Japanese, Egyptian, Moorish, Cingalese, Indian, Mexican, and Peruvian. The eye, in glancing from one division to another, is able to contrast the various styles prevailing in different periods and countries. Room No. 4 also contains, in the centre, modern brown pottery resembling the ancient, from the West Indies and Hindostan, and a series illustrating the history of primitive locks, keys, and padlocks, showing their gradual development, with a descriptive account of them. No. 5 room contains models of the Romano-British village of Woodcuts, two miles from the Museum, with the relics from the excavations arranged in the cases around; portions of this village are shown in models on a larger scale. This room also contains other antiquities from the neighbourhood. No. 6 room contains models of the Romano-British village of Rotherley, three miles from the Museum, with the relics from it, and models on a larger scale of portions of the village; also models of the excavations made by General Rivers in the Romano-British settlement at Woodyates, about six miles on the road to Salisbury excavated in 1888-90; models of excavations in Bokerly Dyke, and Wansdyke near Devizes. A series in the side cases illustrates briefly the history of stone and bronze implements, and includes the Palaeolithic period, Neolithic period, Bronze age, Iron, Roman, Saxon, and Merovingian periods. The 7th room a series explaining the history of enamelling, including early Egyptian, Roman, Celtic, Saxon, and Volkerwanderung periods; specimens of encaustic tiles, the forerunners of Champlevée, Cloisonné, surface, and translucent enamels, and enamelled pictures and ornaments from China, Japan, Persia, France, Germany, England, Russia, and Algeria, mediaeval and modern. Specimens are also exhibited showing the transition from stone and glass inlaying in ornamentation, to cloisonné enamelling. On the other side of the room are models showing the development of the form of the Christian Cross in Celtic times. The remainder of the side cases are devoted to a series of carvings of different countries, showing the characteristic forms of art prevailing at the various times and places, and including carvings from Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea, North and South America, South Africa, India, Burmah, Japan, ancient Egypt, Assyria, Greek, Roman, Cyprian, Etruscan, early Christian, mediaeval, European, Scandinavian, and a series exemplifying the arts of modern times. In the centre of this room are models of tumuli excavated by General Rivers in the neighbourhood, and elsewhere, including some explorations conducted by him in the valley of the Nile. The relics are arranged in cases round the models. The 8th room is devoted to agricultural implements and appliances, and includes a series of querns, a model of an Indian village, models of crofter's houses and sheelings in Scotland, foreign winnowing and other agricultural machines, a series of models of ploughs of different countries, and of country carts, scythes, reaping hooks, spades and textile fabrics from different localities.

The 9th room contains a series illustrating the history of glass-making from the earliest times, including three stages of Egyptian glass (presented by Mr. Petrie), specimens of Phoenician, Greek, Roman, Saxon, Chinese, early and modern Venetian, French, German, and English glass. In the cases on the opposite side are represented drawings and paintings on the flat from different countries, including ancient Egyptian, Phoenician, Cyprian, Japanese, Etruscan, and Greek drawings; also a series of the drawings of savages, and one for comparison, showing the best performances of untaught children and adults from the neighbourhood. This case contains also a series of embroideries, and a collection of lamps and lighting apparatus from different countries.

Every object in the Museum has a large ticket attached to it, and descriptive accounts are added in various places, so that no catalogue is needed. [Added note] A Guide to the Models of the Stone and Bronze Ages have been printed. Price 1s. [end note] The divisions of subjects are marked by thin red satin tapes hanging across the shelves from the top, and the larger divisions are marked by broader red satin bands with the word "Division" embroidered on it. The three 4to. volumes of Excavations by General Rivers, with copious illustrations, are placed on desks in the galleries for the convenience of those who wish to study these several subjects in greater detail than is afforded by the printed headings on the models.

The Museum contains about 270 yards of wall cases, besides the cases in the centre of the rooms. Outside the Museum is a Norse Mill, obtained from the Island of Lewis, on the coast of Scotland, representing the earliest form of water-mill, still used occasionally in parts of Scotland.

The Museum is open every day, Sundays included, and is in charge of a caretaker.

[A note about the Acclimitization of Animals, regarding his menagerie, is excluded]

Transcribed by AP, for the Rethinking Pitt-Rivers project, in March 2011